By word and deed , missioners speak to people of love.
Maryknoll Sister Janice McLaughlin helps build a new society in Zimbabwe.
If you have moved or your address Is incorrect, please fill out coupon on page 58 A young woman at the Zimbabwe Rusununguko (meaning "Freedom") school to train former refugees. The butterfly
Do not presume to tell me, 0 impetuous man, Where I may or may not fly; I am an untamed spirit Veering with the winds of my choosing.
Your own civilization has become A narcissistic monster Whose burial ceremonies will remain unsung For lack of mourners.
But I am everlasting, For the spirit that is in me Cannot be trammeled in the seines of time and space But will unceasingly mingle with the eternal breezes, Even as you look at my broken wing Or my body, mutilated by your tar-squelching monster of steel, And, in your ignorance, pronounce me dead.
And therefore as I flutter-flutter Or dissect the air in geometric designs And light upon these soft petals Or the trunk of a mighty oak, My seeming frailty is my strength. For I, being all Spirit, Am the very essence of freedom And my triumph over your chains Is the triumph of freedom itself. Daniel Kunene South African poet
Cover: With good cause, a Zimbabwean boy exults over a bumper harvest, for malnutrition is still the most pressing problem. Since independence, black Zimbabwean farmers have been getting more technical help to grow better crops, a goal the Church has pursued for years. Mqaaneortbc Volume 76, Number 2 Catholic Forci£11 J\lli!M>11 Soa
4 "I have had the privilege of meeting him and his family and my impres sion is that he has a deep Christian tradition within him," Dove said. "He has visited this mission on many occasions and talked about Christian socialism, saying he wanted to do something about the neglected rural poor, who are the masses of the people." Bishop Lamont says that the Je suit-educated Mugabe realizes that his own people could not envision a John Stewart, former national director society in which God has no place. of the Justice and Peace Commission, "They are a God-oriented people. is a South African dedicated to build The idea of a totally materialistic ing a non-racial Zimbabwean society. universe with no God is totally alien Archbishop Patrick Chakaipa spoke al Independence Day ceremonies. to the African people." The Bishop's reluctance to be Building a new Zimbabwe bique (for opposing the struggle for Instead, in Zimbabwe when the come closely associated with the independence from Portugal)." new black leaders decided to hold a government stems from another religious service to celebrate inde concern: "While the Church re geous stand, it emerged from the pendence, they went to the Catholic spects legitimate government, it civil war with great prestige. Arch Sabina Mugabe: "Thanks to the cathedral in Salisbury, the capital. must of its very nature retain its in bishop Denis Hurley of Durban, prayers of many people, my brother The former white government dependence and exercise its func South Africa, the head of the (Robert) is doing very well." leaders went to the Anglican cathe tion as the conscience of society." D Southern Africa Bi shops Con dral for such observances. When Bishop Lamont returned to Zim ference, said in 1981: John Deary, former head of the "The Catholic Church, because babwe in 1980- he had been de ported by the white minority re Justice and Peace Commission: of the attitude adopted by its Jus "A lot of discriminatory practices gime in 1977 after failing to report tice and Peace Commission and its and legislation have been revoked. hierarchical leadership and its nu the presence of guerrillas at one of We were never honest enough to say we merous representatives among the his missions-some top govern had apartheid, but it existed." ranks of the liberation forces, ap ment leaders met him at the airport. pears to hold a place of trust and Jesuit Father John Dove, who respect in the new Zimbabwe." runs a unique institute for rural Bishop Lamont, one of the he education several miles outside the roes of the struggle for indepen capital, is a personal friend of dence, says: "We have a unique Prime Minister Robert Mugabe. evangelical opportunity. During the Two of Mugabe's sisters work at the years of struggle for independence, school, called Silveira House in the Church was the most coura honor of the first Catholic mis geous and the most articulate voice. sionary in that part of Africa. No one else spoke up. Had we not Because he is a devout Catholic, spoken up we might easily have Mugabe's avowed goal to move been banished or made to suffer as Zimbabwe toward socialism does the Church is suffering in Mozam- not worry either Lamont or Dove.
6 This edition on Southern Africa It's Never too Early In this issue focuses mainly on two countries. One (South Africa) calls itself a republic but is a repressive society. to Make Your Will The other (Zimbabwe) aspires to ward socialism but is a parliamen Whether you're 25 or 65, if you have tary democracy. South Africa stalled on granting not made your will, your loved ones us visas, claiming Catholic writers often return with a jaundiced view. could suffer. MARYKNOLLoffered to talk to any one and New York Deputy Consul General Andre Brink provided eight This FREE booklet from Maryknoll is a complete, concise, dearly written and names. We wrote to all requesting illustrated document telling you ... interviews, but visas were denied. WHO to consider in your will Elizabeth Schmidt, a free-lance WHAT to include in your will writer, secured a tourist visa. She is WHEN to do your will knowledgeable (author of Decoding WHERE to get help for your will Corporate Camouflage, U. S. Busi WHY to do your will ness Support for Apartheid, Insti A Legacy Our booklet, "A LEGACY OF LOVE" tute for Policy Studies, 1980) and contains 16 informative pages that tell ' ' of Love ' courageous. Though illegal to do so, Make Your WU\ you the simple, but important steps ' you need to take to make your will ' she visited African townships, spoke an Act of Carini '' properly. Over half the people in the ' to leaders and attended rallies. United States leave no will. Little do \\\ Eventuall y, the security police they realize how unprotected their \ became suspicious. When she ar loved ones and their belongings are '\,\ rived at one parish, lhe priest, with a with court actions, delays and con twinkle, said: "There are three secu fusion that can carry on for years. \\ Don't leave your loved ones unpro ri1y cars outside, watching the tected, act now and write for this house .... Who are you anyway?" FREE booklet from Maryknoll She confesses her "nerves were shot" Fathers today. after several such experiences. Zimbabwe required no visas and gave MARYKNOLL press credentials ------FREE BOOKLET ON WILLS enabling us to range everywhere The Maryknoll Fathers & Brothers 2R2 without fear or hindrance. Father Maryknoll, New York 10545 Joseph Hahn and I spent several (914) 941-7590 weeks photographing and inter Dear Fathers, viewing. Father Eugene Toland, a member of Maryknoll's General Please send me your booklet "A LEGACY OF LOVE' ~ I understand Council (see editorial) visited later. there is no obligation. Sister Janice McLaughlin, a jour Name ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- nalist in Southern Africa for five years, guided us and wrote a key Address ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ piece. We hope you find the issue City/State/Zip ------challenging. Moises Sandoval 9 job in a government ministry. He turned it down to start a carpentry cooperative for other repatriated refugees in his home area of Fort Victoria. Wonda is a former political pris oner who could have had a bjg job in Salisbury. Instead he went to the countryside to start the Sim ba youth cooperative farm with 40 other former prisoners. Makoni, a freedom fighter during the war, could have become a commander in the new national army, but he decided to attend a crash course in agriculture so he can Sister Janice feeds chickens of State House staff cooperative. help set up rural cooperatives to im prove the lives of Zimbabwe's peasant farmers. Text by Janice McLaughlin, M. M. These dedicated youth are what P hotos by Joseph A. Hahn, M. M. the new Zimbabwe means to me. Expelled by the Rhodesia government, They represent the thousands who Sister Janice returned to pioneer suffered and sacrificed during the Maryknoll mission work in Zimbabwe. liberation struggle so that Zim Land of hope, strength babwe could be free and the many thousands more who lead selfless mitment learned in the war are and challenge lives today in order to build a new needed more than ever to trans society. The perseverance and com- form the unjust society which the
Young Zimbabweans are prepared refugee children who are building At the independence celebration, the talk is about the future. to sacrifice personal comfort their own school; setting up a and gain for the common good course to prepare former fighters to teach in the national literacy campaign which will be launched The freedom to experiment and on the second anniversary of inde create something new is one of the pendence; taking groups of Afri greatest joys of independence here cans to all white churches to pray in Zimbabwe. and sing in order to overcome the For me, a Maryknoll missioner prejudice and fear that still exist be involved with the people in the t ween the races. process of reconstruction, indepen Zimbabwe is hope and challenge. dence means helping to set up a It is a reminder of the strength and cooperative farm for 400 youths power of those who suffer for the who were wounded in the war. It sake of justice and freedom. also means making bricks and dig Advance, a 24-year-old returned ging foundations with 600 former refugee, was offered a hig}) paying
JO Wartime refugees in Mozambique during the war, these youths are now learning construction skills. There are six such schools. Many of the young people have to live in tents-without Zimbabwean people have inherited is combined with practice and men adequate bedding for winter months. from the colonialists. tal work with manual labor. All the I live and work with hundreds of new schools are located on farms Advances, Wondas and Makonis where the students can grow their who are prepared to sacrifice per own food and at the same time sonal gain for the common good. study agricultural subjects. My new home is a farm about an In addition to academic studies, hour's drive from the capital, Salis the model schools also provide bury, where 200 former refugees, training in technical skills such as freedom fighters and political pris mechanics, carpentry and elec oners take a one-year crash course tronics. As the Minister of Educa in agriculture or rural administra tion pointed out when launching tion. This experimental school was the schools, "Purely academic edu started by President Canaan Ba cation is not realistic, particularly nana to provide specialized training for a developing country such as for rural development, one of the Zimbabwe. Children should be priorities of the new government. given the opportunity to use their At Kushinga-Phikelela Institute hands, to get their hands dirty.... (the name means "perseverance") To build a hut is as important as to we spend half the day in the class write an essay." 0 room and half the day in the fields gaining practical experience. Sister Janice McLaughlin, from "Education with production" is Pittsburgh, is education consultant the theme of Kushinga and eight in the office of the President of other model schools where theory Zimbabwe.
13 Editorial Imagine the people of one State-say California cies which only close off peaceful avenues to or Texas-having near total control over the lives change and encourage \liolent revolution. of the rest of us in the country. Suppose they had In urging a change in policy, the Study Commis ultimate say on where we live, where we work, sion uses pragmatic reasons. lts members d ismiss where we go to school, what we study, in what the argument that the Cape Sea route will be en language we study, where we can and cannot dangered by a change in the apartheid regime. travel, where we can and cannot recreate. Suppose They are u nimpressed by the view that support of they also had control over the police, national the present system p rotects precious minerals guard and armed forces to make sure we do things needed for our defense. In fact, they view our their way. backing of the present regime as counterproduc Hard to imagine, isn't it? We wouldn't stand for tive to defending the region from communism. it and would fight to change it. The apartheid system provides the Soviet Union Time The image I've drawn depicts in small part the with its greatest opportunity to exploit the unrest current situation in South Africa and explains why in the region . • it en flames the passions of the majority black T he report concludes that the United States running population in South Africa and the neighboring should do all it can to encourage a path of change black nations of the region. that dismantles the apartheid system because, " Jt Our sense of fairness and democracy naturally promises less bloodshed and economic destruction out for rejects the image and denounces the racist system and a government more responsive to the rights of of apartheid which rules South Africa today. Yet, all groups, and is more likely to protect the full South shamefully, for all our public outcries against that range of U.S. interests." system, we know that it is supported by about $2 billion in U.S. government loans and large fi nan As U.S. Catholics, we look beyond the self-in Africa cial investments of many U.S. corporations. Like terests of our nation as reasons to be involved in it or not, we are part of the problem. the course of events in the Southern African re We are told that we must bear this moral di International bonds gion. We are bound in the Spirit with our African lemma because of vital U.S. military, economic brothers and sisters; we are called to share the and political interests in South Africa. But read, anguish and aspirations of all peoples towards a then, the recent report by a high-level Study Com more human society which anticipates God's mission on U.S. Po licy towards South Africa Kingdom. We are bound in conscience to cry which debunks that argument and urges a change "shame" on any system of government which in policy in order to protect our own self-interests. strips away God-given dignity of any person be cause of race, skin color, religion or sex. The Study Commission, established by the As responsible citizens we have a clear role to Rockefeller Foundation, counts among its mem play in changing a system of racism and inequality bers men and women with experience in business, affecting millions of people. Our voices can pre Revolutionary change labor, higher education, foundations and public vent increasing violence and bloodshed in service. Entitled South Africa: Time Running Southern Africa. We can be instrumental in pro Out, the report is frank in its appraisal of future moting a peaceful development of peoples in that developments in South Africa: revolutionary troubled region. change is in the making. "Whatever the South Finally, our efforts to understand the situation African government does to reinforce the status of peoples in Southern Africa and involving our quo," the report says, "black forces inside the selves in bringing about peaceful change can lead country will eventually alter it." Recent news from to a probing of our own attitudes of prejudice and South Africa confirms that young blacks espe racism, and to a further conversion of our own cially are growing in determination to overthrow hearts and society. the present system. Furthermore, they view the Eugene W. Toland, M.M., Member of the United States as a major obstacle to revising poli- General Council, Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers
14 15 Hahn/Zlmbabwe By Moises Sandoval Zimbabwe's goal:peace
Cooperation enabled the Mugabe government to make impressive gains in one year of independence Sister Connie responds to "It is right that we should live to Tanzanian village needs gether as brothers, comrades and friends or else we perish as criminals and fools. We champion the right of every Zimbabwean, Maryknoll Sister Connie Krautkremer from Montgomery, Min whether white, black or yellow, to nesota, strengthens family spirit and directs integration of theory live in this country. We fought and practice at a girls' vocational school in Nangwa, Tanzania. The against a system, not the color of school aims to educate girls for leadership and service in their human skin." own villages. On that premise, expressed by The Sisters there share their students' lifestyle-no running President Canaan Banana in an in water, gas or electricity, shower or refrigerator. They cook over terview with MARYKNOLL, rests the charcoal and wash by heating water and using a basin or ladle. hope of Zimbabwe's new leaders Together they work in the fields and together they beat the for a society that will right the in justices of the past. corn which they will cook and eat as one family. Many concessions have accord You can help Maryknoll Sisters in their work with youth around ingly been granted to the country's the world, drawing out their gifts and affirming their spirits. whites, a small minority, to induce Please send your gift with this coupon today. them to stay and participate in the •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• new society. However, the process of correcting injustices involves Maryknoll Sisters · Marykno11, N.v. 10545 some "necessary discrimination" that may frustrate that goal. And 2-82 Dear Sisters: South Africa, believing it will not Please accept my gift of$.___ to help your work. be censured by the U.S., may yet NAME. ______try to destabilize the fragile peace ADDRESS ______that Zimbabweans have achieved in Peter Machekanyanga builds almost two years of independence. his rondavel (round house) with CITY ______STAT E ...... ______ZIPCOD E...... ___ _ Prime Minister Robert Mugabe, bricks rather than with sticks. O I am not a sponsor, but wish to become one. I'll send $. ___ each month. O Please send me your free booklet on Wills. 17 siders in his cabinet. But to furtber pensation for any lands taken by the spirit of reconciliation, be the government. By law, w bites had named two whites as ministers of title to 50 percent of the land in this agriculture and commerce. He aJso nation of 150,000 square miles (al named General Andrew (Sandy) most as large as CaJifornia). Up to Maclean, another white, head of the country's new army, consisting Photos by Hahn of units of fo rmer guerrillas and the forces of the previous Rhodesian government. An outstanding achievement, the integration of the warring forces became possible only because the civil war ended through peace talks President Banana reviews an integrated Army unit. Photo& by Hahn rather than with military victory. The British-negotiated Lancaster H ouse agreement that brought Maso n Nathan Zelter, a Briton, appealed to you all to adopt the peace in 1980 gave whites 20 of the and Amon Shonge work in spirit of reconciliation, to accept the development of rural co-ops. 100 seats in Parliament for the next each other, whether in the past we six years even though they are only ~ - had been allies or bad stood as ene three to four percent of the nation's mies or opponents." inhabitants. "We are happy Zimbabwe's goal: peace reporting to the nation on the ob servance of its first birthday, said: "Peace, peace and more peace be came the most urgent of all our ob jectives. You will remember that in my first address to the nation during my party's election victory, I 18 19 Phoros by Hahn To gain goodwill internationally, over government efforts to correct cialism or to understand how it is to Mugabe's government accepted re previous injustices. With the huge operate. Part of this is the fault of sponsibility for $800,000 owed influx of blacks into schools and the governmeni in not being able to South Africa by the vanquished the end of discrimination in clinics communicate an understanding of Rhodesian Front minority regime. and hospitals, whites worry out its policy to the white community. Also, investment from abroad was loud about how this will affect But a large part of the fault lies with encouraged by allowing foreign "standards." Earmarking certain whites who don't want to know or owned business to send out divi senior civil service positio11s for even hear about it. They find it dends equal to 50 percent of after blacks, in an effort to correct the somewhat unpleasant." D tax profits and to repatriate their imbalance created by previous dis capital after two years. crimination, has alienated some Kofod/Zimbabwe Reconciliation efforts have been whites. The banditry of former widely praised. Zimbabwe's Catho guerrillas who have refused to sur At Silveira House, civics teacher lic bishops said the government render their arms has also alarmed Ben Jambga enumerates problems "put aside the temptation to re many. The flight of white techni cited by women village leaders. venge and gave a truly Christian ex cians from the railroads forced the Resettlement officer Albert ample of magnanimity." Business government to recruit Indians. And Dzvukamanja trained in Ghana. man John Deary, former chairman South Africa, with or through of the Catholic Justice and Peace whom Zimbabwe conduces most of Commission that was such an effec its trade, has not been fully tive advocate for African rights cooperative in providing the rolling during the struggle for indepen stock needed to move the harvest. dence, said the government won But it is the socialism of the gov great acceptance in just one year. ernment that is che biggest continu ing problem for whites. Deary said: Exports boom "People are still hung up on social ism. The word communism, thank Peace and white cooperation God, has disappeared more or less. enabled the new government to Nobody would accuse the govern Salisbury has the amenities of a make remarkable gains. In one ment of being communist. But still modern city, but progress has year, the economy grew 10 percent, there is a hang-up to talk about so- yet to touch rural Zimbabwe. with exports going up 30 percent and retail sales 20 percent. School Victoria Falls, one of the wonders of the world, beckons tourists. Hahn/Zimbabwe enrollment doubled for primary .1 students and trebled for high school • .. students. Medical care, previously out of reach for the very poor, be f came free for anyone earning less Zimbabwe's goal: peace than the equivalent of $225 (U.S.) per month. Some Western coun tries pledged $2 billion to help the 60 percent of this vast acreage, new nation get on its feet. Agri most of it in the hands of 6,000 cultural production was so bounti white farmers, lay fallow while 4 ful that 40 percent of the harvest be million Africans were crowded into came available for export to small plots in unproductive trust hungry neighboring nations. lands or were totally landless. But frictions have also deyeloped 20 By Elizabeth Schmidt seulement called Winterveld. An with bloated bellies ran after us as estimated 900,000 people live in the we walked throug h the dust ~· endless rows of ramshackle shan streets. There is very little water in ties and mud huts. Few of them are Winterveld. Most inhabitants mus1 Black life in employed because they are in the buy it at exorbitant prices from the area " illegally" and cannot obtain few people who own pumps. They work permits. Only people of cannot afford much water; thus, white South Africa Tswana ancestry are legal residents there are no crops to speak of. Dir1 of Bopbuthatswana and this settle and dust cover everything. ment of nearly one million people is The land of the black people con of non-Tswana origin. stjtutes only 13 percent of the South Malnutrition in Winterveld is African territory, while the black rampant. Scores of tiny children people themselves constitute nearly Johannesburg suburb of South Africa where I was staying. Locked out of his house, he had rung the Tribal villages in the "homelands" door bell and asked if he might use that comprise 13 percent of South Africa's territory (for 75 percent the phone. of its people) are in sharp contrast Over tea, we talked. He was a Photos by Kofod to the modern city of Johannesburg. businessman, he told me. He owned a small manufacturing com pany in Johannesburg. He had been in the mining industry, but things had not gone well for him and he had been forced to sell out. His present job and home were a ~ step down for him. I tried to imag Under the dehumanizing apartheid ine an even nicer home in a system, daily life for many wealthier suburb, with a swimming young blacks is a vale of tears. pool, perhaps, and maybe a tennis court. I tried to reconcile this man's high expectations for his own life Forced resettlement of blacks in with his firm belief that such things "African homelands" keeps did not matter for blacks. families divided and impoverished Technically, the man's words con tained a grain of truth. Under the South African system of apartheid "It's for their own good," the white (literally, "apartness"), the black man insisted. "If we didn't have people officially have "their own laws to keep them out of the cities, land." They have the poor, worn they'd all come-attracted by the out plots, no longer fertile enough bright lights and city li fe. There for white farming. They have the aren't any jobs for them, so they land without water, mineral wealth might as well stay home. After all, or industrial development. they have their own land." A In the Bophuthatswana home slightly graying man in his early fif land, for example, just a short drive ties, my guest was a neighbor in the from Pretoria, there is a squatters' 22 Black life in white South Africa designated "African homelands" white areas, the government feels it pass offenses. Those who could no1 or "national states" by the white must control all " unnecessary" in pay were sent to jail, many of them Photos by Schmidt minority government. The rest of flux. Thus, huge quantities of time separated from their children. the country belongs to the white 16 and money are spent to keep black On a single day the following percent of the population. people "in their place." month, that same court sent 55 wo While the Asian and "coloured" South African law requires that men and children from Cape Town (mixed ancestry) populations have every black person over J 6 years of to the distant homelands. Many of been confined to separate ghettos age carry a pass or "reference the women and most of the children in "white" South Africa, the black book" indicating his or her right to had been born in Cape Town and people have been relegated to "tem work, travel or reside in a given had never seen the remote rural porary sojourner" status in the land area. Failure to produce a valid area to which they were sent. of their birth. They are considered pass is a criminal offense, punish A few months after my visit to citizens of the African homelands, able by fine or imprisonment. In the Langa pass court, more than but not citizens of South Africa. 1978, some 300,000 blacks were ar 3,000 blacks were arrested for being They are allowed into the white rested and detained as "criminals" in Cape Town "illegally." Evicted areas only as long as their labor is solely for lacking valid passes. from their homes, hundreds of needed. The old, the sick and the "The pass laws," said the old them fled to the open fields and unemployed-South Africa's "su black man, "are the most vicious, erected flimsy shelters for protec perfluous appendages"-are sent dehumanizing aspect of the aparJ tion from the winter rains. Police back to the homelands. heid system." Determined to see for raided the area, ripping the plastic At Crossroads, a squatters' myself, I went to the pass law and burning the wood. When they camp near Cape Town, some black hearings in the black township of had gone, the people returned to families live in ramshackle huts. Wage differences constructed from whatever materials Langa, outside of Cape Town. The the field and set up camp in the they could find. The house below is Yet, the question remains: if the accused were all young mothers. open air. in a white suburb of Johannesburg. black people have land, why do Many of them carried infants on The women who broke the law they go to the urban areas? Why do their backs and led toddlers by the had come to the city to live with they risk fines and imprisonment hand as they took the stand. The their husbands. Some of them had by seeking work in the cities ille women listened passively as the arrived the week before; others had gally? A recent study by the Black judge passed sentence, their faces been there for 30 years. None of Sash, a white women's organiza without a trace of expression. Nine them had the right to be there. By tion, contained the following in of the mothers were convicted of law, these women are supposed to sights. If a man from the Ciskei homeland in the Eastern Cape ,. New housing projects for workers are segregated and isolated. KolodJS. Africa works illegally in Pietermaritzburg for nine months and is imprisoned for three months as a result, he will still have earned seven times as much as he could during a year in the Ciskei. If that same man spends nine months in prison and works only three, he will still have earned dou ble what he could have earned working 12 months in the Ciskei. three-quarters of the country's 30 While the South African econ million population. Their small, omy depends on the flow of cheap scattered parcels of land have been labor from the homelands to the 24 KofodlS. Afr lea church worker in that area, the gov ernment has "resettled" so many people to the Ciskei that "in five years' time, we will have standing room only." Only 15 percent of the land in the Ciskei is arable, most of it seriously eroded or overgrazed. The home land contains no industry or mines. A recent survey indicates that one in ten children born in the Ciskei town of Mdantsane dies in its first year. In the rural areas, the infant death rate is much higher-thJee out of five children die before the age of two. Many blacks attempt to flee such lo rural areas, only 40 percent of the children reach the age of two. poverty, but all too often their ef forts are thwarted. The govern ment is uprooting blacks from the Black life in white South Africa bands once a year. Since most black "white" areas and deporting them men are migrant laborers, divided to the homelands far more rapidly families are the norm for black than they can leave. During the past live in the homelands while their South Africans. 30 years, more than 2 million blacks husbands work as migrant laborers Many of the women deported have been "resettled" and one mil in white South Africa. If they are from Cape Town were sent to the lion more are slated to be moved in lucky, they might see their bus- Ciskei homeland. According to a the next few years. If all goes according to plan, there will come a time when no Migrant laborers from "independent" homelands work in South Africa's mines. black man, woman or child will be a citizen of South Africa. Instead, each wi!J be a citizen of an "inde pendent" African homeland, po litically and economically depen dent upon white South Africa. Critics of this scheme maintain that the South African government is simply washing its hands of its re Divided black families are common, with husbands working in urban sponsibility. Blacks who are useful areas and wives living in homelands. to the white economy as labor units will be kept alive, but those who are "superfluous" will, according to Elizabeth Schmidt, formerly with Anglican Bishop Desmond Tutu, the Center of Concern and the ln "be dumped like sacks of potatoes" s!Uute for Policy Studies, is the into the homelands. Whether they author of Decoding Corporate live or die, they will no longer be the Camouflage, U.S. Business Sup white man's burden. D port for Apartheid. 27 Voices of South C llO!:.:>ROl\U5 101> V African churches In South Africa, Church leaders urge an end to discriminating racial attitudes and policies "To (black Africans) religion per meates every aspect of life; they cannot understand the Western di chotomy between the political and the spiritual. Moreover, Christian ity is growing all over the continent. Far more than Western intellectuals and politicians, African leaders feel compelled to explain it to them selves and to others if they are not deeply committed Christians. Tan zanian JuJius Nyerere and Zimbab wean Robert Mugabe are practic ing Catholics; Zambian Kenneth Kaunda, son of a Presbyterian minister, exhorts his people by reli gious appeals. These are only a few examples of the seriousness with which African nationalists. take the faith brought by whites." From South African Churches in a Revolutionary Situation, by Mar jorie Hope and James Young (Orbis Books, 1981) 28 A political voice Nelson Mandela, a Lawyer serving his 18th year of a life sentence on Robben Island for his activities with the African National Con gress, said during his trial in 1964: "The African National Congress has spent half a century figh1ing against racism. When it triumphs it will not change that policy. _ _ _ I have fought against white domina tion and I have fought against black domination. l have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free so ciety in wbkh all persons live to gether in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which { hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." 0 From The Struggle is My Life (International Defence & A ;d Fund for Southern Africa, London, 1978) 31 By Moises Sando"al with Elizabelll Schmidt Struggle for liberation For 84 percent of South Africans denied the vote, no sacrifices are too great to end white domination It was one of Zimbabwe's ideal Fall days that in its very perfection warns of the approaching gloom and chilJ of winter: the azure sky unblemished by a single cloud, the air crisp and clean, the sunlight so Schmidt/S. Africa A multiracial anti-Republic rally in Johannesburg in 1981. pleasant it invited lingering. Yet one knows it cannot last. But if Joe Gqabi sensed that time was running erance. Yet, several hundred miles "They would drag the blankets off railroad but lost it in 1958 for lead out for him, as it was for the south across the Limpopo River, us children and shine flashlights in ing a strike. Then be became a southern hemisphere's autumn on the decision had already been made our faces . Sometimes my mother newspaperman. Starting in the that April day last year in Salisbury, to eliminate him. J would be arrested, and taken to early 1950s, be began to take part in he gave no hint of it. Gqabi was born in the Great Kar ' prison, leaving us destitute. the activities of the African Na Without reticence or bitterness, roo region of South Africa's Cape "When we went to shops we had tional Congress (ANC), receiving his he told of his long years as a pris Province. His father died when he to be submissive and even then membership card in 1957. oner on Robben Island, the night and his three brothers were young. sometimes we were not served. Or Of the two main liberation move visits by the police to the township, Like many poor women struggling the white man was served first even ments in South Africa, the other be the long struggle of the African Na to survive, bis mother brewed beer if we were there before him. AH of ing the Pan Africanist Congress tional Congress to free blacks in to sell. this had a great effect on me." (PAC), the ANC is the stronger. For South Africa. That day at least, "The police would come at night When he grew up, Gqabi moved the first 37 years of its existence, it nothing clouded bis optimism that looking for beer, checking passes," to Port Elizabeth and then to Jo sought to achieve some measure of he would live to see the day of deliv- Gqabi told us in an interview. hannesburg. He got a job on the power for Africans through consti- 32 33 Hahn/Zimbabwe having gained nothing legally, the arrested in Rhodesia.) T hen in 1965 language, the most blatant symbol ANC began to demonstrate peace he was charged with engaging in the of their o ppression. Within d ays fully-but illegally under apart activities of a banned organization the protest spread to the black sec heid. Rather than winning any con and sentenced to I 0 more years. tions of urban areas throughout cessions, however, their efforts "Prison was a horrible expe South Africa. were met with escalating repres rience," he recalled. "Life was ex The police confronted Soweto sion: baton-swinging police charg tremely bard." He told of years children in the school yard, shoot ing into peaceful gatherings, dis spent crushing rock, being deprived ing into the midst of the crowd. patching the Army into the black of meals if he did not produce a re Hector Petersen, 13, was the first townships to intimidate the people, quired quantity, standing in the to die. When the children fought mass arrests. frigid water of the Atlantic in the back with sticks and stones, the p<> After the Sharpsville massacre- winter, and being allowed a 30- lice killed more. 69 dead and at least 180 wounded minute visit from his loved ones As the violence spread, tens of Interviewed by MARYKNOLLlast when police fired into an unarmed only once every six months. thousands of black students boy April, Joe Gqabi was assassinated as crowd in 1960-both the ANC and Released in August 1975, he took cotted schools. Teachers resigned he left his home one July night. PAC were banned and forced to go a job as a shop manager and be their posts in support. Parents par underground. In 1961, the ANC came deeply involved with youth. ticipated in stay-at-homes, refusing Schmldt/S. Africa opted for armed struggle as the The uprising started a year later in to go to work. only remaining avenue to achieve the huge black township outside of When the violence finally ebbed freedom. But to this day ANC Johannesburg. ll began as a peace months later, 700 blacks were dead violence has largely been aimed not ful protest of school children and 4,000 injured, many per at life but at buildings and other against their inferior system of manently disabled. More than structures. "Bantu" education, especially be 1,000 blacks, including 150 young Gqabi was first detained for five ing forced to learn the Afrikaans school children, were detained months during the emergency de clared after Sharpsville, then sen tenced to two years on Robben Magubane/S. Africa Island for leaving South Africa without valid documents. (In 1963 he had been sent out of the country by the ANC for military training with 36 other young people and was Headlines proclaim the struggle. Separate restrooms for blacks and wh.ites remind Africans that they live in a racist society. Struggle for liberation tutional means-discussions, peti tions and resolutions. After 1949, 34 Schmldt/S. Africa I Magubanel& Africa Struggle for liberation Free once again, Gqabi managed dynam ite- about seven kilo 11 grams- planted under his car was to escape across the border. On that idyllic day of the interview last year, discovered before it exploded. But I without trial. Many were held for he was on the executive committee on July 31, he was assassinated as he pulled out of his driveway. Shot more than a year, their parents not of the ANC, the movement's official knowing if they were alive or dead. representative in Zimbabwe. many times by unknown persons Scores were held in solitary con In some parts of South Africa, whom the Zimbabwe government finement for months at a time. the uprisings of 1976 have not accused of being South African Thousands left the country, escap ended. Many townships outside agents, Gqabi died at the scene. ing into Botswana, Lesotho and Port Elizabeth have seen little calm But the struggle goes on. As Gqabi had predicted, there were Swaziland to join the liberation for five years. Community protest numerous demonstrations in May movement. By 1979, according to and labor unrest followed the stu in townships and on campuses one estimate, 13,000 young people dent uprisings. Bannings and de across South Africa, especially on were receiving military training tentions continue. Eight of the May 31, 1981. On that day 20 years outside South Africa. trade unionists and students met by Gqabi was arrested and became Elizabeth Schmidt last year in the before, South Africa had severed the principal defendant of "the Eastern Cape and fou r from Jo its ties with Great Britain and de The issue is clear in South Africa: Africans vow that the Pretoria 12," charged with violat hannesburg have been detained by clared itself an independent "re next generation will be free. ing the Terrorism Act. The trial be the security police. public." Only eight percent of the gan in May 1977 and lasted until For Gqabi, however, the lifetime April 1978, when Gqabi and five journey of suffering and struggle others were acquitted, the remain for freedom ended one dark night der receiving sentences from 6 to 18 in a second attempt on his life. In A dangerous man speaks ofbrotherhood years in prison . the initial try early in 1981, some "God gave us Africa to live in. He seeking a higher minimum wage and gave us land and gold. But color con equal pay for equal work. But the re Apartheid rules with dogs "that rip you open" and hippo-leather whips. MagubaneiS. Africa sciousness has made us forget that placements walked out too. By South Africa belongs to all the peo August, 10,000 workers were on ple. We are prepared to die for our strike. rights." Within a week, the police crushed Those words were spoken by Jo the strike, deported 1,000 workers to seph Mavi, 43, born in the Il'anskei the homelands, detained the union "African homeland," for many years leaders and charged them with sabo a driver and long-distance hauler. He tage. The accused, including Mavi, is considered a dangerous man in were eventually acquitted. South Africa. Mavi traveled around the country I met Mavi in Johannesburg. We speaking at rallies. On May 27, 1981, talked for five hours. He came to the a few days before he was detained and forefront of the black trade union held for three months, he spoke at a movement in 1980 when he and other meeting protesting the 20th anniver workers of the Johannesburg City sary of the white minority "republic." Council organized an alternate to the He delivered this message: "We are all "in-house" union. South Africans. We are all brothers. When the Black Municipal Workers The government is driving people to Union was inaugurated .on June 23, hatred. . .. But the people who be 1980, Mavi was elected president. One lieve in multiracialism are going to month later, the City Council dis win the struggle." missed or locked out 640 workers Elizabeth Schmidt 37 Struggle for libel'2tion women from the white population of 4.5 million were eligible to vote. They elect the Parliament that gov country's Lot al population en erns 28 million blacks, whites, "col dorsed the decision. Blacks were oureds" and Asians. nol allowed to vote. Later at a post-election party in On the 20th anniversary of the Port Elizabeth to celebrate the vic establishment of the " republjc," tory, a speaker from the Progres South African flags were burned sive Federal Party claimed that and ANC flags raised. Thousands of "democracy is finally beginning to students boycotted classes, replac work in South Africa." ing them with rallies and political For the restive 84 percent of the workshops. Urban sabotage rocked population with no right to vote, the country. Railway lines were there can be no party until white bombed, police stations were at domination ends. In the words of tacked and an army recruiting of the Freedom Charter enacted in fice in Durban was blown up. 1955, "South Africa belongs to all Earlier, on April 29, 198l, South who live in it, black and white, and African voters had gone to the polls no government can justly claim in a national erection. As decreed authority unless it is based on the by apartheid, only adult men and will of all the people." D For this boy, life suddenly came Nursemaids are the only blacks allowed on white beaches in South Africa. Kotod to an end when police fired on a chanting crowd or children. By Edward Dougherty, M.M. Hope in thirstland Under South Africa's apartheid with radiant cushions of flowers. policies, segregation is for life The landscape remarkably mirrors and even extends to cemeteries the 4 millfon people who inhabit this thirstland. The majority are brown-termed "coloured" and In the four-seater plane from Cape strictly segregated under apartheid. Town, the temperature went up But they, too, come alive occa markedly as we entered torrid Na sionally to celebrate their inner joy, maqualand, the northwestern part aided by the Oblates of St. Francis of the Republic o f South Africa. de Sales. For the greater part of the year this These missionaries-some 150 desert land is brown and parched, priests, Brothers and Sisters, a but for a few weeks it comes alive good number of them from the Ob- 39 Hope in thirsthlnd Father H urley explained that I American interests in the U.S. owned company are responsible for 11 late 's Wj)mington-Philadelphia "some cosmetic changes in strict ra Province-work in the dioceses of cial separation, but still the highest Keetmanshoop and Keimoes. Fa paid coloured worker is not allowed ther John Hurley, of Wilmington, by law to receive half of what the is pastor of Okiep parish, below the lowest pajd white worker gets." Orange River in the area bordering The Oblates also run a school for the Namib desert. 75 orphans and welfare children in The church property is located a town called Kamieskroon, be on the boundary between the white neath the crown of the Kamies and coloured areas. The congrega mountains. Under the supervision tion is coloured. The parish, named of Father Peter Harvey, of Phila Holy Rosary, has lighting fixtures delphia, who has served in Nama fashioned in a pick and shovel de qualand for 20 years, the young U.S. computers enter South Africa through legal loopholes. Hahn sign which represents the only rea sters and staff. including a joyous son why coloured people are al group of Italian Sisters, form a lowed to live in this particular li vely and caring community. By Tom Conrad, Eva Gold and John Lamperti location, namely, copper mining. My last stop was P ort Nolloth, on the Atlantic Ocean coast just be Technology and apartheid low the Namibian border. T his area Oblate Father John Hurley, is diamond mining country. Off Computerized oppression of Wilmington, Del., is pastor shore, coloured divers scrape the in copper mining district. ocean floor for the precious stones. But "Whites Only" signs are promi nent on certain stretches of beach, LOG IN. EAST RAND BANTU ADMINISTRATION BOARD_ and I saw no coloured persons in 12 I 20 I 81 _ TIME: 1600. TYPE. GIVE ME NAMES ANO ADDRESSES the white areas- except for some OF ALL REGISTERED BLACKS ON VICTORIA STREET. INCLUDE nursemajds. PASSBOOK NUMBERS AND FINGERPRINTS_ DUPLICATE TO HEAD The Oblate pastor recounted QUARTERS SECURITY POLICE. TIME: 1601. another bizarre example of apart heid. Boundaries were changed a few years ago and the cemetery for Preparations for an early morning earl y morning sweep through a whites ended up in the coloured lo raid. The target: "illegal" blacks black township might look. cation. The town council ordered and opponents of the South Afri Computer technology makes this all the white bodies moved-except can government. In a burst of type o f operation fairly simple. The two. These were an Oblate Sister speed, the computer flashes the re government agency which controls and an Oblate priest. The Church quested data onto a screen in f ront millions of blacks across the coun refused to move them. A small sign, of the operator while the terminal try uses three U.S. computers sup but one of hope for tomorrow in cfallers our a paper copy. At the plied by Burroughs, Mohawk Data the thirst land of today. 0 same lime, the information is elec Science and NCR. tronically transmilled Jo the police. Many authoritarian govern Father Dougherty, Marykno/I mis ments use computers because they sioner serving in Tanzania, is a If South African o fficials disclosed streamline repression and make it graduate of Oblates of St. Francis details about their operations, this more efficient. To other nations, High School, Philadelphia. is how their preparations for an South Africa is one of the most re- Doug~erly/S. Africa 41 Computerized oppression electronics and security equipment. Some examples: • For several years, IBM has pressive countries on the globe, but rented a Model 370 computer sys U.S. companies have a " business is tem to the South African Interior business" attitude toward the gov Department, which is not covered ernment there. by the embargo. With files on 7 mil The United States government lion citizens whom Pretoria has has banned the export of arms and classified by color, this computer restricted the sale of certain other plays a key role in the government's equipment to South Africa; how automated identity system. ever, South Africa still has access to • Files and fingerprints on South a vast array of advanced technol Africa's blacks are stored in a sepa ogy, most of it sold by U.S. cor rate network managed by the porations, that is critical for the agency which issues the hated pass survival of white minority rule. The books that blacks are required to list includes co mputers, telecom carry. Burroughs and Mohawk munications equipment, military Data Science have provided com- Computers serve South Africa's sophisticated industry... Kolod/S. Alrlca ... and inform police on whereabouts of black workers. Magubane/$.- Alnca puters to this agency and, despite its "labor information system" which role in the apartheid system, NCR provides full information on every installed a new computer in one of worker, "from his ethnic group to its branches in 1980. his merit rating," and keeps tabs on • Computers from IBM, Data "where every worker is and what he General, Sperry, Mohawk, Wang, is doing at any one time." Control Data and Burroughs are South Africa has built up a huge widely used in regional and local military force using sophisticated agencies which help administer the weaponry, much of it from its own apartheid system. In the national arms industry. Computers and government, U.S. computers are other advanced technology from used to run the segregated educa the United States are invaluable to tional system, manage the coun Pretoria's war effort. By the time try's biased tax system and compile the United States started to pro voters' rolls for whites only. The hibit sales to the South African mil overwhelming majority of govern itary, IBM, Varian, ITT. Hewlett ment agencies are exempt from the Packard and NCR already had om U.S. ban. fitted the Defense Force and the • A range of U.S. electronic state-run arms corporation with a equipment is also available on the great deal of equipment. A open market in South Africa. For loophole in the law permits these example, a microprocessor made firms to continue to service embar by the U.S. corporation Ontel goed agencies as long as they use serves as the electronic brain for a parts that do not originate in the 43 Computerized oppression South Africa; computer time sharing between non-embargoed agencies and the police and mili United States. Several U.S. com tary; and the sales of software, puter suppliers do business with training, know-how and produc other known arms makers in South tion licenses. Africa without any significant re Companies doing business in strictions by the U.S. government. South Africa say that they don't IB:\t , for example, rents com support apartheid. They insist that puters to the African Explosives they observe U.S. export regula and Chemical Industry (AECI). In tions and defend their involvement addition to commercial explosives in South Africa by arguing that for the mining industry, AECI has they provide training and jobs. specialized in the manufacture of However, few blacks in computer ordnance, napalm , riot control gas companies ever rise to management Nuclear plant at Pelindaba has two reactors. S Afncan Embassy and nerve gas. Also, several re positions, as Jerry Herman, coor search institutes engaged in mili dinator of the Quakers' Southern Technology and apartheid tary work have access to computers Africa education and action pro provided b y Control Data Cor gram, found during a visit to South Nuclear threat poration and IBM. Africa. "U.S. computers and elec Flimsy restrictions combined tronics undergird the whole appa with lax enforcement have riddled ratus of apartheid," he said. D By Eva Gold and John Lamperti White House found the evidence in the U.S. embargo with loopholes. conclusive. Other similar incidents In addition, the Pretoria govern Tom Conrad and Eva Gold are re likewise have been played down. ment and U.S. corporations have searchers at NARMJC (National To defend its apartheid way of life, What is certain, however, is been using several channels to keep Action/Research on the Mililary the government can call upon the South Africa's technical capability advanced technology flowing. Industrial Complex), a project of strongest and most sophisticated to make nuclear weapons. Substan These include the government's use the American Friends Service Com armed forces in all of Africa. tial U.S. cooperation with South of "front" organizations and third mittee. For resource information Furthermore, there are reasons to Africa's nuclear development be parties to buy and maintain equip on human rights and disarmament, believe that the government has de gan in the 1950s and continues to ment; corporations switching to write: NA RMJC, 1501 Cherry veloped nuclear weapons and in day. Besides supplying equipment their foreign subsidiaries to supply Street, Philadelphia, PA. 19102. tends to use them if necessary. Ac and materials, the United States has co rd i ng to Deputy De fense opened its doors to South African Minister Hendrick Coetsee: " If nu scientists and engineers for techni THE SOUTH AFRICAN CHURCHES clear weapons are a last resort to cal work and study. IN A REVOLUTIONARY SITUATION defend oneself, it would be very South Africa's nuclear center at by Marjorie Hope & James Young stupid not to use them." Pelindaba has two research reac "A very useful study of an overlooked factor in past and Jn September 1979, a U.S. satel tors which have operated since the present South African policies. Denominational views lite detected an apparent atomic.ex I 960s, the first built by a U.S. firm, are presented and compared. Church-related organiza plosion off the South African Allis Chalmers, the second by tions working for change are analyzed. A concluding coast. The CIA, the Defense I ntelli South Africa. Nearby at Valindaba, section assays the future-for religion and for the coun gence Agency, the Naval Research a uranium enrichment plant built try as a whole. Concerned persons will find this volume Laboratory and the Los Alamos with West German assistance could important readjng and the highlighted issues worth nuclear weapons laboratory all provide materials for atomic pondering. The discussion on nonviolence alone makes thls volume relevant." concluded that this was a nuclear bombs. French firms are currently Prof. Lewis M. Hoskins, Earlham College explosion. South Africa denied it. building a large nuclear power sta Order from 2S6pp. Paper $9,95 A sciemific panel convened by the tion near Cape Town and the U.S. ORBIS BOOKS, Maryknoll Fathers, Maryknoll, N.Y. 10545 Save postage on prepaid orders. 45 Nuclear threal ported 43,000 tons of uranium from South Africa between 1953 and 1968 in order to build a sLock has agreed LO provide an initial sup pile of nuclear weapons. After 1968 ply of enriched uranium fuel. The the U.S. governmem stopped im used fuel rod could provide pluto porting uranium because supplies nium for sub tantial production of were ample, but today private U.S. nuclear weapons. companies are buying it to make One of the strongest incentives fuel for nuclear power plants. PhOlO$ by Vail for U.S. collaboration has been its Other nations such as Britain, desire for South African uranium France, Germany and J apan are Members memos some Christians may have about and other scarce minerals. The U.S. becoming heavily dependent on the Hinduism. To me, religion is like a Atomic Energy Commission im- same uranium sources. tree. The many branches which The world's largest uranium 'Religion spring forth all lead back to the mine, Rossing, is located in Na same trunk. I feel that people of all What docs the next generation face? mibia, a country illegally occupied faiths should share what Lhey have by South Africa in defiance of the is like in common and not place emphasis United Nations and the World upon differences there may be. Court. The manager and major Karen Asbury owner of Rossing, together with a tree' Palmdale, Calijornio South African interests, is the Brit ish-based multinational corpora Worries fade Heaven not reserved tion, Rio Tinto Zinc. Rossing ura This morning I picked up my No What upsets so many sub nium fuels nearly all industrialized vember (1981) issue of your maga scribers, articles on other religions, countries of the West. The trade in zi ne on India and, like so often be are dear to me. All my life I seem to uranium shows no sign of slowing fore, as l read and saw such despair have had friends of other religions down even though the United Na and poverty of so many millions of whose actions are more "Chris tions Council on Namibia, the legal people, it made my worries seem tian" than any "Catholic" works governing authority, has never minute by comparison. that I am going to accomplish. I sanctioned uranium exports. Mrs. Frances Steve look at them and think, if they had The U.S. government has been Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania the privilege of receiving the Eu inconsistent in its reaction to South charist, they would probably be Africa's nuclear Lhreat. After un One view of Hinduism come saints in their earthly life. successfully pressing the Pretoria The article "What Hindus be (I've no doubt becoming a saint is government to sign the interna lieve" (Nov. 1981) talked about not only a Catholic option.) Mama tional treaty against the spread of Hinduism as though it might be a used to say, "Heaven is not a nuclear weapons, the U.S. has held good option if Christianity seems private house for Catholics," long up supplies of nuclear fuel for dull. ll mentioned all the "good" before that was fashionable. South African research and power. aspects o f Hinduism but not· its Mrs. Carl F. Phillips On the other hand, the U.S. has dangers-it does not recognize Bronx, New York played down suspected South Afri Christ as true God and true man. can bomb tests and has remained si Gideon J. Marsal Omnipresent imperialism lent on the illegal exploitation of Lansing, Michigan I'm surprised you published the Namibia's uranium. i:l letter "Claws of ignorance" Emphasis on sharing (describing Islamic militants in John Lamperti is a Professor of "What Hindus believe" aids in Afghanistan as not so much anti Mathematics ar Dartmouth. dispelling the many misconceptions R ussian as anti-progress and 47 Magubane1S. Africa ' Religion is like a tree' opinion your work and publica myself consider uranium 10 be a lieve that the men o n our ballistic tions are much too politically and God-given resource which should missile submarines are doing far economically oriented. Your philo be used to better all mankind. more to promote th e peace of counter-revolutionary, Nov. 1981) sophic bent has also become much Richard L. Gay C hrist than you are. without an "Editor's note." The too anti-business to suit our taste. Canoga Park, California Marfo Gettys reac1ionary poli1ics-as j udged Eugene E. Brown, Jr. P.S. Aside from a few slightly crazy Summerville, Sou1h CaroJina from 1he West-of many Afghan Basking Ridge, New Jersey articles on energy production, your rebels cannot in any way obscure magazine is very good. Ada} 'spay the clear imperialism of the Sovie1s Differences in economics I am a prisoner of the state of Ar in Afghanistan. The Soviet puppet I have taught economics for 14 Types of madness izona and have been for the past 13 clique would collapse withou1 for years, both in this country and in In the recent past I have become years. I am paid 30 cents an hour eign troops, jus1 as the American less developed countries (Kenya, involved with the Interfaith Center for my work. I am enclosing a puppet clique in South Vietnam fell Tanzania). The series of articles by to Reverse the Arms Race, an ecu donation of $2.40, one day's pay. I as U.S. troops left. The imperialism Thomas P. Fenton on producing menical group composed of Catho would like my donation to be used of both superpowers seems omni food and poverty in my opinion lics, Protestants, Jews, Quakers to buy food for the hungry. AJI of present and works agains1 national represented very poor economics. and every other religion working us are passengers on the spaceship self-government in all third world I cannot allow the money we in very hard to stop the madness, earth and none should go hungry. countries. As such, it must always tended for the spread of the gospel born out of terrible fear, of this I believe in priority. Feed the and everywhere be condemned. and service of the poor to be used to arms race. The discouraging thing hungry first, then build them David Cogan propagate what I consider bad is to talk with some people who be beautiful church es. When the Shaker Heights, Ohio economics. I would not even want it lieve it is the only way to salvation, Church sets a n example for the peo to be used to propagate good for the United States, and who be ple and divests itself of its gold A voice for the poor economics. No economic school of lieve that we can "survive a nuclear cups, crucifixes and candlesticks, Americans have made capitalism thought has the sanction of Christ. war." Madness. I know some peo and uses the money to feed the hun a god and will tolerate no sugges James J. Rakowski ple also think Maryknoll is a "tool gry, then perhaps the Church would tion that it hasn't seemed to work. Bremen, Indiana of the communists," which is also receive donations a hundredfold. Some minds feel such criticism is madness. You are on the right Name withheld equivalent to embracing Soviet Uranium for power track, don't let up. Stafford, Arizona style communism. In between is the I have a fundamental disagree Jean R . Scully third world victimized by imperial ment related to the article, " Nu Los Angeles, California ism on both sides .... clear fears across the Pacific" (Oct. The editors invite Maryknoll Members to ~e nd us their views. Write to: So it seems to me that MARY 1981). Indeed, the title itself con Rating peacemakers Members Memos KNOLL is a voice crying in the des tains the issue for discussion, the St. Thomas defines peace as "or Rev. Leo J. Sommer, M .M. ert, the voice of 1he poor, the op key word being/ears. dered harmony" and the order has Maryknoll, N.Y. 10545 pressed, of the third world. As We know that 12,000 people (real to come before the harmony. I be- more na1ionalist groups achieve the people, real lives, not imaginary liberation of their countries, and as ones or generations not yet born) the U.S. grows to depend more on die of starvation every day. Is it How you and your frien.ds can join the Maryknoll Family third world resources, the U.S. will morally right for first world peo To become a member of Maryknoll or to enroll a friend, fill in name and wish it had listened more carefully ple, sitting in their comfortable address below. Use a separate sheet for additional names and addresses. to that voice. homes with fu ll stomachs, to re Each membership costs only $1 and entitles the member to receive the Naomi Barie/la strict the use of any power source, MARYKNOLL magazine for one year. Amount enclosed$.__ _ Binghamton, New York especially when this power source has a 30-year record of excellent Name Name removed safety? The people who advocate Address ------~ Please remove our name from nuclear power are not greedy, City ______State the MARYKNOLL mailing list. In our profit-only fanatics. People such as ------Zip ____ If you ate enrolling a person other than yourself write your name and return address 48 on your envelope. We would l ike to inform your friend of your gift. 2Z2 By Rollins E. Lambert Want Ads Apartheid, a black American's Moving food stalls Farming for the future Twenty poor people from the slums in A sugar cane cultivator and disc-plow perspective Davao City, Philippines, found a way to will make it possible for the poor people support their families when they be In two farm cooperatives in Okinawa came vendors with their own moving Parish, Bolivia, to Increase their produc food stalls. They gather daily at the tion. Each of 40 members owns approxi· Santa Ana waterfront to sell cooked mately 12 acres of land to grow food rice, fish and vegetables to laborers on and a small cash crop. All members use the wharf. When they need small loans, the same machinery and are advised by Father Lambert was the firsL black the only money they can borrow is from a professional agronomist. Will you priest and first black pastor " loan sharks" at very high interest. Our help Maryknoll pay the $4,000 for this in the Archdiocese of Chicago. Lady of Fatima Parish in Davao City wlll farm equipment so that the campe· establish and administer a small credit sinos will be able to hold onto their land union so these poor people can get low and learn to work more productively for Interest loans to keep their small busl· themselves and their children? Can you For black Americans of all caster House Conference, great nesses going. Maryknoll has pledged send a gift of $50 or $25? (3) creeds, dismantling apartheid hope was given to the world that $5,230 to get them started. This is a pos· ltlve step towards assisting the poor to is both a cause and a symbol reasoned negotiatio ns could re Medical and surgical supplles place bloody violence when white become self-supporting. Can you send Maryknoll missioners staff a number of $10 or $15 to help? (1) medical facilities and programs in re and black leaders turned Rhodesia mote villages of Tanzania. The scarcity Racism dies hard, but il was dying into Zimbabwe by replacing minor of medical supplies Is a chronic prob in the middle of the 20th century. ity wilh majority rule. As United "Stringless" gift lem in their work. A very generous group Nazism and its doctrine of Aryan States representative to the United A "strlngless" gift is used wherever it's at the Mayo Clinic in the U.S. has do· needed most. Often it's the support sys nated about four tons of medical and superiority were monally wounded Nations, Andrew Young became tem which helps us continue to help surgical supplies to our missioners. in World War II. The colonial em not only an important symbol for troubled people. Food for children, heat Maryknoll needs $7,500 to cover the pires of Britain, France and Portu black Americans but also a key dip for a building, medical supplies. A cost of transporting these desperately gal dissolved into a multitude of na lomat promoting improved U.S. re "strlngless" gift helps fill these needs. needed supplies. Can you help with a Can you help with a small gift? (2) gift of $15 or $20? (4) tions governed by their own in lations with African nations. habirnnts. In the Uniled States, Despite progress, however, one backed by new federal laws and in great idol of racism remains in the spired by leaders such as Martin world-the apartheid regime of THE MARYKNOLL FATHERS, Maryknoll, N.Y.10545 2E Luther King, Jr. , many black South Africa. The country not only Dear Fathers, Americans made impressive subjugates the vast majority of its My gift of$ is enclosed for the mission economic, educational and politi own people on the basis of color, need described in Ad Number above. cal progress. but also maintains ironfisted con The struggle against racism was trol of Namibia (South-West NAME ------~ hard fought. Much blood was Africa), which it began adminis ADDRESS spilled and many lives sacrificed. tering under a League of Nations BUl there was progress. At the Lan- mandate in 1919. Fifty years laler, CITY ______,STATE _ ____ZIP coo_E ___ _ 51 PLEASE CLIP AND MAIL THIS COUPON WITH YOUR GIFT Apartheid South Africa refused to accept UN authority under the trusteeship sys tem and in 1970 was condemned by the UN Security Council for " ille gal" control of the area. The issue of doing all in our power to dismantle apartheid is clear for all Americans who, in the words of Abraham Lincoln, are "dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." The issue is even clearer for reli gious people. The idea that one race is superior or deserves a dominant position has been severely criticized and firmly rejected by Catholic popes, councils and bishops, as well as by leading authorities in nearly all religious groups in the Judeo Christian tradition. The basic rea son for the rejection of such ideas is that they contradict a fundamen tal teaching about humanity: that one God is the Creator of a single human race, providing the world with its resources for the nourish Handler/U.S. Black Americans have firsthand knowledge of discrimination. ment and development of every one. Moreover, there is a little noticed lesson that history teaches For black Americans, South Africa dismantling apartheid, the United ministration begins hedging on ex repeatedly: a doctrine of racial or is both a cause and a symbol. States is jeopardizing its national tending the Voting Rights Act and ethnic superiority permits and en If South Africa's apartheid sys security by souring relations with when disadvantaged Americans, courages the dominant group to tem is clearly immoral, so too, all of Africa and, by default, allow many of whom are black and His treat others cruelly, unjustly, inhu then, is America's direct or indirect ing the Soviet Union to champion panic, are asked to shoulder a dis manely-a practice as devastating support for that system. Few be the cause of freedom. , proportionate share of the burden to the civilization of the rulers as to lieve that solutions will be easy, but But more than foreign diplomacy of federal and local budget slashes, the oppressed. no one with a right conscience can is involved in the South Africa is the question of racism is not raised The issue of South Africa is place other priorities over human sue. With many other Americans, lightly. That is why South Africa is clearer still for black Americans life. The issue here is clear even for black Catholics view with increas such an important symbol-to con Catholic or Baptist or whatever de those who maintain that defense ing dismay the shadow spreading done racism there is the first step in nomination or creed-because they against the expansionist policies of over current U.S. domestic and for countenancing it at home. D have experienced in varying degrees the Soviet Union must take prece eign policy. Is that policy based on the same djscrimination and suf dence over human rights in certain true conservatism or is conser Father Lambert is advisor for Afri fering of their brothers and sisters parts of the globe. In fact, by pay vatism being used as a thinly veiled can affairs to the U.S. Catholic on the tip of the African continent. ing only lip service to the g~al of disguise for racism? When the Ad- Conference, Washington, D.C. 52 53 THIS COUPON IS FOR EMERGENCIES · Mother waits at SWAPO-organized school for refugees in Angola. Text and photos • by Lynne Barbee WeWantYoutobe • Part ofOur Family Namibian refugees Maryknoll Fathers build for the future llaryknoll, N. Y. 10545 2T2 Dear Father Robert Carleton, Yes, I would like to be a Maryknoll Sponsor by help In its battle against Namibian are far from the border region, the ing to support a mission with a monthly offering of: independence, South Africa bas Namibians were terrified when they D $5 D $3 D $10 D $20 D Other$ ___ drawn the front lines in Angola heard the news of the South Afri can attack. Kassinga is still all too vivid in the Thousands of Namibian refugees memory of the estimated 40,000 fled into the bush during the first Namibian refugees in Angola. days of the South African invasion Three years ago, 600 refugees-wo of Angola at the end of August last men, children and elderly among City______State _____ Zip ____ year. Although the refugee camps them-were killed when South Please send 11 monthly reminder. I understand that there Is no obUgaUon whatsoever. 55 rent to our multiracial democracy," The Namibian refugee camps the U.S. State Department has provide ample evidence of SWAP Namibian refugees Refugees sharpen old skills and develop new ones African jets and airborne infantry recognized SWAPOas the "authentic for use in free Namibia. attacked che refugee camp at Kas representative" of the Namibian , singa, 200 miles north of the Na people and it condemned South mibian border. Kassinga's wounded Africa's six decades of "illegal oc survivors at a new refugee camp in cupation" of Namibia (South West Angola's Kwanza Sul province are a Africa, the former German colony daily reminder of South Africa's occupied by South African forces determination to stop the South since 1915). West African People's Organiza SWAPO's President Sam Nujoma tion (SWAPO). states that "SWAPO is ready to sign a South Africa takes deadly aim at cease-fire and would certainly at SWAPO not because it efficiently tend an all-parties conference for and effectively runs the two largest the pre-implementation of Resolu refugee camps in Angola, but be tio n 435," the UN action calling on cause it is the largest and best or South Africa to hold free elections ganized militant movement seeking in Namibia, supervised by the Secu to end South Africa's apartheid rity Council. control of Namibia by establishing While professing that the Reagan an independent state. In December Administration will not "align with 1973, the UN General Assembly apartheid policies that are abhor- 56 57 Namibian refugees opportunity to develop new skills. Philemon Ka nine, who studied in the United States, is education director at the center and oversees the I 0,000-student school. Most classrooms are simple wood and tin sheet structures, but Philemon is justifiably proud of his modest li brary with chemistry texts, Shake speare plays, paperback novels and political works ranging from Lenin to Thomas Jefferson. "Students are from 6 to 20 years of age and can complete up to form 3 (9th grade). But our major problem is a shortage of trained teachers- we have only 104," he points out. Libertina Amathila, a Namibian Christians demonstrate in favor of human rights in South Africa. D1akonia pediatrician turned educator, is director of a SWAPO kindergarten for some 600 children under the age By Elizabeth Schmidt of six. "In SWAPO, children are a priority," she explains, "because they are the future. If you neglect them, then you are building a very 'God knows no apartheid' poor nation." D Some 600 children in Lynne Barbee is a Washington Natalia Mavulu kindergarten based journalist who just returned Members of all churches in South black image. God is not governed enjoy daily bath time. from a visit to Angola. Africa are polarized by bitter by distinctions of color. God conflicts in fundamental values created one man so that no man ,______· ··------·-----·------..... should feel superior to another. . God knows no apartheid. Apart I I CHANGE OF ADDRESS Church services were over that Sun heid is a challenge to God Himself. I : day in New Brighton township but I declare that apartheid is a sin." • Please give us 4 weeks notice. Attach O Change of address label of your old address, check box and O New membership O Renewal the thousands who gathered to in Religion is strong among South print new address at right. O Gift memberships attached. augurate a new trade union still Africa's blacks. "We live our reli heard talk of God. Government gion," said a trade unionist. "It Entering a new membership? Amount enclosed $ ___ 2X2 Zini, the local organizer for the can't be separated from our life." Send $1 for a year. Check box and fill in Motor Assembly and Component Students, workers and community coupon. Toordergiftmembershipsat$1 ------each, attach a separate sheet. Name (please prin1) Workers Union, quoted Genesis activists say they draw inspiration ..------·- ······-·--·------ii I :27 saying God created man in His from the Bible. "Each person is :' When writing us about your Membership please I' Address Apt. No. own image. Then Zini added: the temple of God," explained a ! attach your Maryknoll malling label here and mail ! "This is not a white image or a Soweto activist. "l f you exploit and : Chis form to : ! Maryknoll fathers. Maryknoll. N.Y. 10545 j City State Zip •·t ···------·------I ------59 Fujino They agree with Prime Minister P. role in the liberation struggle." W. Botha 's claim that theirs is "a Even non-radical Bishop Desmond struggle of Christian Western civili Tutu, head of the South African zation against the powers of dark Council of Churches, has called ness and Marxism, not just a black/ upon member churches "to aban white struggle." don neutrality," charging that to be Many blacks are skeptical that neutral in South Africa is tanta these views will change. Buti Tlha mount to supporting the oppres gale, a Roman Catholic priest from sion of the poor. Soweto, expressed the view that However, those who abandon "ordinary white Christians are pre neutrality can expect the full weight occupied with security, riches and of state authority. Last year Prime land. They are worried about the Minister Botha warned that communists on the border. They churches which "interfere in politi are concerned about a strong gov cal affairs and support radical ele ernment that will protect their ma ments who want to destabilize terial possessions." South Africa will be fought with all Voicing similar pessimism, Dr. the instruments at our disposal." Wolfram Kistner, head of the Jus Ignoring such warnings, Young tice and Reconciliation Division of Christian Students and Young the South African Council of Christian Worker groups are teach Churches, said: "People who sup ing people to analyze the roots of port the present system claim to be their oppression and to organize to Christian, yet they are involved in fight for their rights. 0 the massive exploitation of people. I don't know how much hope there is for the church. Repression is get Anglican Father Michael Lapsley, a Quality education and training are the keys to Lesotho's future. ting stronger." South African exile in Lesotho: "I joined the African National Congress Polarized views because (it seeks) a society where the 'God knows no apartheid' created whites to rule over and chain of oppressor and oppressed will dominate blacks. Conflicts in fundamental values be broken, where people will be free to be human beings and live in peace." Dr. Hardie Senekal, a Dutch Re have polarized members in all oppress the temple of God, then formed Church minister, declared: churches. A letter in The Citizen, you have no respect for the tenets "The new credo of total integration an English-language newspaper, of the Gospel. ... Christ was the will lead to a colorless, formless says: "Sowing seeds of hatred first of the liberators." unitary state. I say to you the seems to be the most obvious politi Such a theology is vehemently answer-which tomes from the cal mission of priests and bishops." opposed by the majority of white Word of God-is no!" Another charges that Catholic churches. Over half of South Though 90 percent of Roman leaders seem intent on provoking :Africa's whites belong to one of Catholics and 80 percent of Angli the government and instigating three all-white Dutch Reformed cans and Methodists in South riots and bloodshed. Churches. These have been staunch Africa are black, the whites in those In contrast, others accuse the supporters of apartheid and lead denominations support the present churches of endless "declarations ing advocates of "racial purity." government in its "total strategy," of intent," written and filed away They claim that the system of which condemns nearly all forms of but never acted upon. These feel the apartheid is God-given, that God political dissent as communism. churches should "assume a leading 60 Hahn/Zimbabwe Members in Mission This is By Patrick Bergin, M.M. not Giving an everyday ourselves offer! to say 'I love you' f~------·~ Maryknoll Missioners ~ I Maryknoll, New York 10545 : Keys to getting involved in "good work" are to start where you I I want to explore becoming a Maryknoll I are, to start small and to start now I D Priest D Brother D Sister D Lay Missioner. I I Please send me more information. I February is the appropriate month I I to send you a valentine-hence, this I ~~ I picture. It says something about all I Address I of us, it seems to me. Like the little boy, we want to tell people that we names and addresses of people who : City/State/Zip : love them. That's what being a mis want to write to a missioner, and I Please call me at ( ) I sioner is all about, isn't it? But we then it will be up to you. are embarrassed to say it. So we One lady even asked for a com ' ~ # need encouragement to tell other munity in a foreign country that she people out loud, "I love you." and her parish could "adopt" in the ~------~ interest of sharing ideas and some We say it by letter help. It sounds like a great idea maybe more of you wouJd be in At Maryknoll we offer you the opportunity to There are a number of people who terested in this type of project. If spend your life in service to the needy have written to me asking to be put you are, let me hear from you. abroad. It is often a difficult life, sometimes in contact with other Members in dangerous, but a life full of the joy of Jesus. Mission who would like to corre Looking for "good work" Interested? Clip and send the coupon or spond. A number of families have A number of you have "caught the call us toll-free: 800-431-2008. (From New asked for the names of missioners in foreign countries who would like bug" of wanting to do mission York State, call 914-941-7590.) to receive letters. So how about it, work and you have written to me to ladies and gentlemen on the mis ask my advice on "some good sions? You don't have to be a Mary work" to get involved in. knoller to qualify for letters, but it I am not dodging the question, is first come, first served. If you but I feel that my suggestions, JOIN US! write to me, I will give you some without knowing the specific back- 63 Giving ourselves ground of my correspondents, pain when she felt she wanted to would not be as valuable as search talk to someone. Another time I ing in your own neighborhood for asked a boy if he'd like to help me opportunities to be of help to peo wash a car. Both of these acts may ple. You can look over the parish, not sound like real hot.shot minis the block, the city or town or village tries, but they seemed to me the that you live in and ask, "Who are most important things in the world the people who are in greatest need that I could do at those times with right here?" That would be a prac that girl and that boy. tical, worthwhile start. The next step is to look for a way, given your AJJ ministry is important abilities and time and interest, to reach out to these people. One lady summed it up so beauti Another thing to keep in mind, fully. "Father, I am tired of words. as we look for ways to offer help, is We speak of love and charity but we to consider the groups or organiza give nothing of ourselves." Maybe tions that are already serving and we never give all of ourselves all of In Africa and all areas served by MaryknolJ caring for people. The Red Cross, the time to all of the people who St. Vincent de Paul Society, Parish need us. Only God does that. But Visitors, Big Brothers and Big Sis all we have to do, it seems to me, is your Sbi.ngle.ss Gift can help ters, nursing homes, V.A. hospitals, to be available, when and how we orphanages, homes for the aged, can, for this person, here and now, sustain lives in time of trouble. reform schools, prisons, the vari who is part of our life. ous we! fare agencies, other Can you imagine what would A "stringless gift" is one you send for Maryknoll to use wherever churches and synagogues in the happen if each one of us gave as 1t is needed most. In many countries served by our missioners, area-all of these organizations can much love as we were capable of, to political and economic conditions - not to mention natural use volunteer help. help the next person we see in any disasters - cause suffering and deprivation for many families. kind of need? Maybe it wouldn't Your ST RINGLESS GIFT enables us to help in emergencies or Start now, start small say in words "I love you," like the periods of hardship. Through your compassion and generosity, little boy's sign, but it would we can extend the love of Christ and His works of mercy when It really is not necessary to figure brighten someone's day- both the people need them most. out, right in the beginning, which other person's and our own. of all the good works clamoring for Please write to me of your expe our attention is the most impor riences in reaching out to others. It Please mail your gift with this coupon today. tant. Whatever seems worth doing, may seem quite ordinary to you, whatever people we can reach out but it just may be the spark that -············································· to, they are the most important someone else needs to begin his or people for us at that time. her "mission career." And send pic Maryknoll Fathers & Brothers • Marykno11, N.Y. 10545 After all, God must get some tures, too, if you can. My address: credit for bringing us to notice this Father Pat Bergin, M.M. Please accept my Stti.ngfus Gift of$_ person or this need. I felt I couldn't c/o Members in Mission to use wherever it is needed most. 2v2 do much better, on one occasion, Maryknoll Magazine than listen to a young girl cry her Maryknoll P.O. heart out and just be with her in her New York 10545. NAM ...._~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ADDRESS'~------~ 64 CITY ______S TATE ____IP CODE ____