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Development and Its Discontents: the Indonesian Government, Indonesian Opposition, and the Occupation of East Timor
Development and its Discontents: The Indonesian Government, Indonesian Opposition, and the Occupation of East Timor M. Scott Selders Based on a section of M. Scott Selders, “Patterns of Violence: Narratives of Occupied East Timor from Invasion to Independence, 1975-1999” (MA thesis, Concordia University, 2008). IAGS 9th Biennial Conference, Buenos Aires, July 2011 In 1974, decolonization began in Portugal’s colony of East Timor.1 In December 1975, this process was curtailed by neighboring Indonesia’s invasion, after which President Suharto’s New Order regime imposed a brutal occupation lasting until 1999. Between 1974 and 1999, it is estimated that over 100,000, and possibly as many as 183,000, East Timorese perished.2 The Indonesian government justified the invasion by reminding its Western allies of the Suharto regime’s staunch anti-Communism and by arguing that East Timor’s small size, poverty, and underdevelopment meant it was not a viable independent country.3 Consequently, after 1975, one of Indonesia’s main justifications for the occupation was that it was balancing the neglect of the Portuguese colonial administration by modernizing East Timor and the Timorese. This paper examines a sample of this development rhetoric from the 1980s. It also shows that such rhetoric was not universally accepted, even within Indonesia, as evidenced by two Indonesian sources from the early 1990s that directly question and contradict the Indonesian government’s civilizing claims. The Indonesian provenance of these 1 Standard surveys include Jill Jolliffe, East Timor: Nationalism and Colonialism (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1978); John G. Taylor, Indonesia’s Forgotten War: The Hidden History of East Timor (London: Zed Books, 1991); James Dunn, Timor: A People Betrayed (Sydney: ABC Books, 1996); Arnold S. -
Catalogue Militaria & Weapons Vickers & Hoad Auctioneers
Vickers & Hoad Auctioneers Phone 02 96997887 http://www.vickhoad.com 224 Young St Waterloo NSW 2017 Catalogue Militaria & Weapons Saturday 25 October 2014 Starting at:12:00 PM Starting at: To be held at our Auction Rooms: 224 Young st , Waterloo NSW 2017 Inspection: On View Thursday 23rd 10am - 5pm Friday 24th 10am - 5pm Saturday 25th 10am- 12 noon Terms: Eftpos & Credit cards accepted & pre approved cheque - Credit Cards incur a 1.5 % surcharge Lot Selling Price Lot Selling Price 1 Pair of antique French Paris $700 9A Leon Michan ? French school $360 Porcelain twin handled vases, portrait of a Military man in each painted with Napoleon in uniform, oil on canvas in oval, scenes depicting Conquest & signed lower left indistinctly. Surrender, each approx 26.5cm Approx 45cm H x 37cm W H (2) 10 Ferret Scout Car Mark I - - 3 Old Model muzzle loading $440 Australian Army No 115147. cannon in brass with steel Rare and very restorable mounted wooden carriage, Daimler built reconnaissance approx 16cm H x 41cm L vehicle used by Armoured 4 Antique French Yataghan blade $160 Regiments from the 1950s to sword bayonet for the 1970s. The popular Ferret was CHASSEPOT rifle mid 1860s, powered by a Rolls Royce B60 complete with it's steel petrol engine giving it a scabbard, approx 72cm L maximum speed of 80 kph. Operated by a crew of two, this 5 Antique French Yataghan blade $160 smallest member of the sword bayonet dated 1813, armoured family relied on its complete with it's steel speed and low profile for scabbard, approx 71cm L defence - although it did mount 6 Antique French working model $360 a 0.30 calibre machine gun in solid brass Napoleon III cannon, its open top. -
AUSTRALIAN and INDONESIAN NEWS COVERAGE of the Dili MASSACRE
AUSTRALIAN AND INDONESIAN NEWS COVERAGE OF THE DILi MASSACRE ( A Content Analysis of Australian and Indonesian Newspapers from 1 July 1991 to 31 March 1992) ' Yuventius Agustinus Nunung Prajarto A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES SYDNEY - AUSTRALIA 1994 iv AUSTRALIAlf ARD IImOHBSIAN IIEWS COVERAGE OP TBB DILI IIASSACRB (A content Analysis of Australian and Indonesian Newspapers frOII 1 July 1991 to 31 Karch 1992) SCHOOL OP POLITICAL SCIENCE FACULTY OP AR'l' ARD SOCIAL SCIENCES THE UNIVERSITY OP REif SOUTH WALES 1994 V AUSTRALIAN AIID IRDONBSIAN NEWS COVERAGE OF TIIB DILI MASSACRE (A Content Analysis of Australian and Indonesian Newspapers fr0111 July 1991 to 31 Karch 1992) Yuventius Agustinus Hunung Prajarto Thesis POLITICAL SCIENCE 1994 STATEMENT Name : Yuventius Agustinus Nunung Prajarto student No.: 2114322 School of Political science Faculty of Arts and social Sciences University of New south Wales I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. Date : 8 Febr~y 1994 Signatu ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of people whom I can thank by name. I am particularly grateful to Rodney Smith, my supervisor. His help was invaluable in guiding the process of this research till its finishing touch. -
Concord Cancer Centre Builds on Tradition
Concord Connection SPRING 2012 The official newsletter of Concord Hospital www.slhd.nsw.gov.au/concord/ Concord Cancer Centre builds on tradition Vietnam Veterans’ Concord Shuttle service Day support grows returns Matthew Swanborough Executive Message General Manager Vietnam Veterans’ Day Welcome to the spring edition of Concord Connection. commented on the high standard of our laboratories Generations old and young assembled in the Hospital “It is important to keep the legacy alive in future The Hospital has continued to be busy as we move out of across the campus. chapel to commemorate Vietnam Veterans’ Day and generations,” he said. winter and into spring, with high numbers of admissions As part of the continual focus on quality improvement, recognise the sacrifices of the 60,000 Australians who Mr Mitchell spoke of the Office’s efforts to provide into the Hospital and large numbers of attendances the Hospital submitted 11 quality projects for the Sydney served their country. within the Emergency Department. I’d like to thank staff’s history students with opportunities to experience Local Health District Quality Awards. Four of these Students from Trinity Grammar School Preparatory first-hand the theatres of war, including Long Tan in efforts over this period, it is greatly appreciated. projects have also been selected for the NSW Ministry School Strathfield and St Patrick’s College joined Vietnam. In September, the Hospital underwent a Periodic Review of Health Quality Awards, being held in October. This veterans, servicemen and women, the RSL and the as part of the Australian Council of Healthcare Standards demonstrates the Hospital’s strong commitment to “We find the tours increase the students’ empathy for EQuIP accreditation cycle. -
Dili Massacre and How It Backfired, I Popular Support
Brian Martin, Justice Ignited, chapter 3 (author’s prepublication version) 3 Dili On 12 November 1991, Indonesian troops colonies — such as Angola and Mozambique gunned down hundreds of peaceful protesters — to gain independence. in Dili, the capital of East Timor. This act was In East Timor, Portugal’s most remote intended to intimidate opponents of Indonesian colony, with a population of nearly 700,000, rule. But instead, the killings triggered a huge rival political forces struggled for supremacy increase in international support for East in the transition from Portuguese rule, with the Timor’s independence. In order to understand liberation movement Fretilin having most the Dili massacre and how it backfired, I popular support. In December 1975, Indone- review its background and aftermath, giving sian military forces invaded and occupied East special attention to the five methods attackers Timor. According to some commentators, the use to inhibit outrage. Indonesian government had obtained agree- Most of the archipelago today called ment for the operation from the Australian and Indonesia was previously a colony of the U.S. governments.2 Fretilin fought the inva- Netherlands. Indonesia obtained its independ- sion but soon retreated to the mountains where ence in 1949. The new government, led by it maintained a guerrilla resistance to the Sukarno, fostered a strong sense of national- Indonesian occupiers. ism. In 1965, there was a military coup, The invasion and occupation were bloody, accompanied by a massive anticommunist with many fighters and civilians killed. purge, with hundreds of thousands of people Indonesian forces perpetrated serious human killed.1 The new regime, led by General rights violations, including torture, rape, and Suharto, was ideologically procapitalist, but it killing of civilians; Fretilin did the same, retained its predecessor’s strong nationalism. -
Massacre Timorese
Timor link, no. 22, February 1992 This is the Published version of the following publication UNSPECIFIED (1992) Timor link, no. 22, February 1992. Timor link (22). pp. 1-8. The publisher’s official version can be found at Note that access to this version may require subscription. Downloaded from VU Research Repository https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25957/ Number 22 February 1992 Massacre highlights Timorese plight East Timor became world news in November when Indonesian troops fired on a funeral procession at the Santa Cruz cemetery, Dill, the territory's capital, killing up to 200 people. The incident tragically highlighted an injustice long ignored by much of the international community. The massacre followed a period of mounting tension in the former Portuguese colony, illegally occupied by Indonesia since 1975, with reports pointing to an escalating campaign of York radio station WBAI were in East Timor 'I turned around - tremendous amount Indonesian repression in the run-up to to report on alleged human rights abuses, of gun fire -- and there were dozens of a planned delegation of Portuguese and were badly beaten by troops while the people lying in the streets. ' parliamentarians in November. The shooting was going on. Bob Muntz, South East Asia project officer delegation was called off on 24 October According to Nairn: 'It was ... a planned with Australia's Community Aid Abroad, after Portuguese concern at Indonesia's and systematic massacre .... This was not a was also present and managed to escape. attempts to control and manipulate the situation where you had some hothead who On return to Melbourne he told a press visit. -
Entire Catalogue Auction
Page:3 Nov 24, 2018 Catalogue Introduction - November 2018 1. A resounding “Thank you” to each and every client who helped make our September auction a great success. 83% of 1050 lots were sold, for 105% of the total estimates for the sale. Bidding was strong through most sections and many outstanding results were achieved. The highlight was the £2 King block of 8 on cover that soared to an astonishing $34,220 including the buyer’s premium! 2. One innovation was the introduction of on-line videos with commentary for almost 200 collections and mixed lots. This is not a gimmick. For the first time, our interstate and overseas clients Torsten Weller who were unable to visit us could see for themselves the content, quality, and value of these lots. The [email protected] universally positive feedback has encouraged us to continue offering you this free service via our website. At Abacus, you really can count on us to make your auction experience transparent, informative and fun. 3. This is our last stamp sale for 2018. Again, we are delighted to bring you a wide variety of top-- quality material, exceptional rarities, and even potential bargains. The Australia ranges from scarce Kangaroo varieties, through KGV imprint blocks, to complete sheets and Decimal errors. The extensive Postal Stationery section is the sum of three significant consignments, with many scarce to rare items throughout. The Postal History includes many desirable single covers and groups plus Gary Diffen’s “Pre-World War I Military Camps”, a little-known and grossly underrated subject. -
World War Two Service
INTRODUCTION WWII saw the unprecedented mass movement of more than one million war brides and fiancees to join their partners in new lands. 'Bride ships' transported more than 100,000 wives and fiancees of American servicemen alone, from over 50 countries including the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Scandinavia, Africa, China, Japan and others.1 At least 50,000 women from the United Kingdom married US servicemen. In addition, 40,000 brides - mostly British - followed their husbands to Canada; thousands of women from Britain and Europe married Australian and New Zealand servicemen; and many Australian women sailed to the UK, having married British servicemen they met in Australia.2 A significant part of the female migration to the United States included an estimate of up to 15,000 Australian war brides and fiancees of American servicemen.3 Despite this being the largest contingent of Australian women ever to migrate, ' Elfrieda Shukert and Barbara Scibetta, War Brides of World War II, Presidio Press, Novato, California, 1988, pp. 1, 2, and 7, also see Appendix A, p. 265; Marion F. Houstoun, et al, 'Female Predominance in Immigration to the United States Since 1930: A First Look' in International Migration Review, Vol. 18, No. 4, Special Issue: Women in Migration (Winter, 1984) p. 920. 2 David Reynolds, Rich Relations. The American Occupation of Britain 1942-1945, HarperCollins, London, 1995, pp. 420-22; also see Jenel Virden, Good-Bye, Piccadilly: British War Brides in America, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1996, pp. 54, 65; Veterans Affairs Canada website [www.vac-acc.gc.ca] accessed 28 April, 2008. -
Timmas43 96-04
Documents on East Timor from PeaceNet and Connected Computer Networks Volume 43: February 1, 1996 - April 30, 1996 Published by: East Timor Action Network / U.S. P.O. Box 1182, White Plains, NY 10602 USA Tel: 914-428-7299 Fax: 914-428-7383 E-mail [email protected] These documents are produced approximately every two months and mailed to subscribers. For additional or back copies, send US$30 per volume; add $5 for international air mail. Discount rates: $15 for educational and non-profit institutions; $8 for U.S. activists; $11 international. Subscription rates: $180 ($90 educational, $48 activist) for the next six issues. Add $30 ($18 activist) for international air mail. Further subsidies are available for groups in Third World countries working on East Timor. Checks should be made out to “ETAN.” The material is grouped by subject, with articles under each category in approximately chronological order. It is also available on IBM-compatible diskette, in either Word for Windows or ASCII format. Reprinting and distribution without permission is welcomed. Much of this information is translated and supplied by TAPOL (London), CDPM (Lisbon), CNRM, Free East Timor Japan Coalition, Mate-Bian News (Sydney), East Timor Ireland Solidarity Campaign, ETIC (Aotearoa), Australians for a Free East Timor (Darwin) and other activists and solidarity groups, but they are not responsible for edi torial comment or selection. TABLE OF CONTENTS BACKGROUND ARTICLES ............................................................................................................................ 9 EAST TIMOR’S HISTORY FROM SPICES TO CONFLICT....................................................................................9 XANANA A THORN IN INDONESIA’S SIDE .....................................................................................................9 EVENTS IN EAST TIMOR............................................................................................................................ 10 AI ON DETENTION & TORTURE AFTER SEPT. -
Jill Jolliffe, Finding Santana (Wakefield Press, 2010) Jill Jolliffe
Jill Jolliffe, Finding Santana (Wakefield Press, 2010) Jill Jolliffe has had a career so focused on the East Timorese struggle that it is not surprising she still has stories to tell, despite the country’s having broken free from Indonesian oppression over ten years ago. In the case of this book, a chronicle of two visits she made to interview guerrilla leader Nino Konis Santana in 1994, some of the material could not have been published when East Timor was still under Indonesian occupation, given that it reveals how Jolliffe entered and travelled through Indonesia even when she had been banned from the country. Her knowledge of the issues, the places and the personalities involved gives this book, as with her other work, an explanatory authority which makes her required reading for anybody interested in East Timor, as also for anybody interested in Australia’s interaction with both East Timor and Indonesia. The two journeys outlined had very different conclusions. In the first Jolliffe, after many delays and tribulations, eventually got to see and spend a brief but happy time with Santana. In the second, she and her Dutch camerawoman, Irene Slegt (now Chrystalis), not only never got to see Santana, but they were captured by Indonesian authorities, narrowly escaping with their lives. The book well portrays the constant menace of the network of police, military and informers by which Indonesia controlled its vast and complex territory, and Jolliffe’s bravery in undertaking her self-imposed mission indicates the depth of her commitment as well as the trust she was granted within the resistance movement. -
Guide to the EAST TIMOR QUESTION, 1975-2002 Compiled
Guide to THE EAST TIMOR QUESTION, 1975-2002 compiled and edited by Jill Jolliffe on Microfiche Jill Jolliffe, Lisbon, Portugal & MMF Publications, Lisse, The Netherlands Specifications Title: "The East Timor Question, 1975-2002" Contents: clippings, correspondence, photos and other documents gathered in the course of twenty years of reporting on East Timor by Australian journalist Jill Jolliffe. Location: Lisbon, Portugal Size: 1056 microfiches Order no.: M442 Polarity: positive, silver-halide film Finding aids: eye-legible headers on fiches and a printed guide compiled by Jill Jolliffe Collection price: please inquire Availability: available now Orders & Inquiries MMF Publications PO Box 287 2160 AG Lisse The Netherlands Tel + 31 252 413100 Fax + 31 252 432101 E-mail: [email protected] Guide to THE EAST TIMOR QUESTION, 1975-2002 compiled and edited by Jill Jolliffe on Microfiche Jill Jolliffe, Lisbon, Portugal & MMF Publications, Lisse, The Netherlands ©2002 MMF Publications, Lisse, The Netherlands & Jill Jolliffe, Lisbon, Portugal CONTENTS Preface by Jill Jolliffe………………………………………………………………………. 5 Publisher’s Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 6 Acknowledgements, Rights and Permissions.……..………………………………………. 8 Contents of the Collection in chronological order…………………………………………. 9 Timorese Newspapers .…………..…………………..……………………………………. 41 Photos……………………………………………………………………………………… 42 Supplement 1997……………………………………..……………………………………. 57 Supplement 1998…………………………………………………………………………… 61 Supplement 1999…………………………………………………………………………… 66 Supplement 2000 -
UNSW Mphil Thesis
Pritchett’s prediction: Australian foreign policy toward Indonesia’s incorporation of East Timor, 1974-1999. Miranda Alice Booth A thesis in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences CANBERRA 2017 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Argument of the thesis 10 1.3 Materials and methodology 13 1.4 Literature review 15 1.5 Structure of the thesis 18 CHAPTER 2: AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1974-1983 20 2.1 The Whitlam Government and Indonesia’s incorporation of Timor, 1974- 75 20 2.2 Pritchett’s challenge 32 2.3 The Balibo Five 37 2.4 The Fraser Government and Indonesia’s invasion of Timor, December 1975-April 1976 41 2.5 Australian foreign policy and public opinion, April 1976 – April 1979 47 2.6 Australia’s recognition of Indonesian sovereignty in Timor 51 CHAPTER 3: AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1983 – 1996 58 3.1 The 1983 cabinet decision 58 3.2 The Parliamentary Delegation to Timor 61 3.3 Recognising Indonesian sovereignty in Timor 64 3.4 The Santa Cruz massacre 66 3.5 The Keating Government’s foreign policy after Santa Cruz 72 3.6 Australian solidarity after Santa Cruz 77 3.7 Australian foreign policy and public opinion after Santa Cruz 78 CHAPTER 4: AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1996 – 1999 83 4.1 The Howard Government’s first term, 1996 – 1998 84 4.2 Jakarta’s ‘foreign ally’ 87 4.3 Australian foreign policy and public opinion, 1998 - 1999 88 4.4 Containing international pressure 97 2 4.5 ‘Scorched Earth’ 100 4.6 The solidarity movement in action