O Texto De Carroll (1865) E Os Filmes De Švankmajer (1988) E Burton (2010)

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O Texto De Carroll (1865) E Os Filmes De Švankmajer (1988) E Burton (2010) KIMBERLY MARJORIE GEDDES ALICE NO PAÍS DAS TRANSGRESSÕES: O TEXTO DE CARROLL (1865) E OS FILMES DE ŠVANKMAJER (1988) E BURTON (2010) CURITIBA 2013 KIMBERLY MARJORIE GEDDES ALICE NO PAÍS DAS TRANSGRESSÕES: O TEXTO DE CARROLL (1865) E OS FILMES DE ŠVANKMAJER (1988) E BURTON (2010) Dissertação apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre ao Curso de Mestrado em Teoria Literária do Centro Universitário Campos de Andrade – UNIANDRADE. Orientadora: Dra. Anna Stegh Camati CURITIBA 2013 AGRADECIMENTOS Meus mais sinceros agradecimentos para: Dra. Anna Camati, minha orientadora que guardo no lado esquerdo do peito. Novos hipertextos, e as possibilidades deles se tornarem hipotextos. Alice no país das maravilhas de Carroll. Da minha época na UFPR, Dra. Liana Leão, sempre me motivando, até na conclusão do meu mestrado. Recursos tecnológicos não disponíveis na época Em que as doutoras desta banca de Defesa tiveram que elaborar suas pesquisas. Dra. Nikolajeva, por suas colocações sobre contos de fadas. Outro teórico, crucial para o estudo de gêneros, Tzvetan Todorov. Wonderland e Underland, Noções propostas pela Dra. Irlemar Chiampi sobre o realismo maravilhoso, E, sem dúvida, Dra. Célia Arns, responsável por me mostrar grandes adaptações. O Intenso entusiasmo das professoras que me contagiou e Last but not least, my family, which mean the whole wide world to me. And Alice! Hardly Alice, Almost Alice and now, Finally Alice! Muitos agradecimentos para: Dra. Brunilda Reichman, professora querida presente nas bancas de qualificação e defesa e Dr. André Gomes, membro também da banca de qualificação, pelas sugestões e comentários que enriqueceram a pesquisa. A subversão de forma dos agradecimentos iniciais presta tributo à prática frequente de Lewis Carroll escrever poemas e cartas com mensagens secundárias nas letras iniciais. Os agradecimentos posteriores exemplificam o formato que teria a estrofe do poema ―do rato‖ se fosse impresso em um formato tradicional. SUMÁRIO LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES............................................................................................. vii RESUMO......................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................... x INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................... 1 1 PERSPECTIVAS TEÓRICAS .................................................................................... 7 1.1 O FANTÁSTICO ....................................................................................................... 7 1.2 O FANTÁSTICO VERSUS OS CONTOS DE FADAS ........................................... 18 1.3 O REALISMO MARAVILHOSO................................................................................ 22 1.4 ADAPTAÇÃO COMO RECRIAÇÃO .................................................................... 28 2 ALICE NO PAÍS DAS MARAVILHAS (1865), DE LEWIS CARROLL .................... 36 2.1 O HOMEM: O PENDOR SUBVERSIVO DE CHARLES DODGSON ................... 36 2.2 A LINGUAGEM TRANSGRESSORA NO TEXTO DE CARROLL ......................... 41 2.3 O NONSENSE QUE REMETE AO SENTIDO ........................................................ 54 62 3 ALICE (1988), DE JAN ŠVANKMAJER .................................................................. 3.1 A NATUREZA TRANSGRESSORA DE ŠVANKMAJER E DE SUA OBRA ......... 62 3.2 O LÚGUBRE E O LÚDICO EM ANIMAÇÃO STOP-MOTION .............................. 66 3.3 ALICE À LUZ DO INSÓLITO ................................................................................ 90 4 ALICE IN WONDERLAND (2010), DE TIM BURTON ....................................... 100 v 4.1 O ROTEIRO DE LINDA WOOLVERTON ................................................................ 100 4.2 A RECONFIGURAÇÃO DE ELEMENTOS DO ENREDO ....................................... 102 4.3 PERSONAGENS EM NOVAS ROUPAGENS.......................................................... 111 4.4 O UNIVERSO DE UNDERLAND: REVISITANDO O PAÍS DAS TRANSGRESSÕES .............................................................................................. 12 2 4.5 WONDERLAND (1865) E UNDERLAND (2010): VARIAÇÕES SOBRE O MESMO 136 TEMA.............................................................................................................................. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS .......................................................................................... 152 REFERÊNCIAS ............................................................................................................. 160 ANEXOS ........................................................................................................................ 166 ANEXO I - FICHA TÉCNICA DE ALICE (1988) ............................................................ 166 ANEXO II - FICHA TÉCNICA DE ALICE IN WONDERLAND (2010) ............................. 167 vi LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1 – Esquema da comunicação narrativa.......................................... 24 Figura 2 – Precursor da poesia concreta.................................................... 46 Figura 3 – Escultura em Cranleigh.............................................................. 49 Figura 4 – Gato em St. Wilfrid..................................................................... 50 Figura 5 – Formas animadas inusitadas de Švankmajer............................ 69 Figura 6 – Cogumelo de madeira................................................................ 69 Figura 7 – A lagarta costura seus olhos fechados...................................... 70 Figura 8 – Mais um desafio de Švankmajer às leis da física....................... 74 Figura 9 – Composições arcimboldianas.................................................... 77 Figura 10 – Capuzes estranhamente natalinos........................................... 79 Figura 11 – Uma luta sem cabeça............................................................... 8 0 Figura 12 – O nascimento da morte............................................................ 81 Figura 13 – A morte mostra seus dentes.................................................... 82 Figura 14 – Descartando a máscara........................................................... 84 Figura 15 – Influência do teatro de fantoches............................................. 87 Figura 16 – Vigilância.................................................................................. 90 Figura 17 – Lábios que narram................................................................... 95 Figura 18 – Meias que se movimentam...................................................... 95 Figura 19 – Uma história sem fim em imagens.......................................... 108 Figura 20 – O Chapeleiro Maluco, por Tim Burton e por Johnny Depp...... 110 vii Figura 21 – Três interpretações da lagarta azul.......................................... 114 Figura 22 – Uma lagarta meia, não meia lagarta........................................ 114 Figura 23 – Rainhas brancas...................................................................... 118 Figura 24 – Mudanças de humor aos olhos do Chapeleiro......................... 121 Figura 25 – A plateia................................................................................... 123 Figura 26 – Um motivo para Alice fugir? .................................................... 123 Figura 27 – O final da queda....................................................................... 124 Figura 28 – Making of da cena anterior....................................................... 125 Figura 29 – As personagens olhando o Oráculo......................................... 12 7 Figura 30 – A cena no Oráculo, em maiores detalhes................................ 128 Figura 31 – Diferentes tamanhos de Alice no filme de Woolverton/Burton. 140 Figura 32 – Alice e os Tweedles................................................................. 141 Figura 33 – Participando do dilema dos gêmeos Tweedle.......................... 142 viii RESUMO Esta dissertação objetiva, através de um estudo comparativo, analisar aspectos transgressivos do texto Alice no país das maravilhas (1865), de Lewis Carroll, e de duas transposições fílmicas, Alice (1988), do diretor tcheco Jan Švankmajer, e Alice in Wonderland (2010), com roteiro de Linda Woolverton e direção de Tim Burton. As subversões de forma e conteúdo encontradas nas três obras selecionadas para a constituição do corpus desta pesquisa, levaram-nos, em um primeiro momento, ao estudo dos gêneros discursivos do fantástico e do realismo maravilhoso, com base em postulados teóricos apresentados por Tzvetan Todorov e Irlemar Chiampi. Em um segundo momento, foram discutidas as estratégias de construtividade, utilizadas por Švankmajer e Burton, no processo de adaptação do texto de Carroll para outra mídia, o cinema, à luz de perspectivas críticas contemporâneas de Linda Hutcheon, Robert Stam e outros. Esta investigação nos conduziu à verificação da mudança de sentido que ocorre na transposição midiática, visto que as recriações de Švankmajer e Burton refletem as mentalidades dos contextos histórico-culturais em que foram produzidas: a antiga Tchecoslováquia nos anos 1980 e os Estados Unidos em 2010. Em Alice no país das maravilhas (1865), foram examinadas as transgressões que marcaram a vida e obra de Carroll, pelo viés do questionamento do autor dos construtos culturais relacionados ao papel da criança
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