DOCSLIB.ORG

Public Financing of Health Care in Eight Western Countries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Public Financing of Health Care in Eight Western Countries PUBLIC FINANCING OF HEALTH CARE IN EIGHT WESTERN COUNTRIES The Introduction of Universal Coverage BY ALEXANDER SHALOM PREKER Ph.D. Thesis Submitted to Fulfill Requirements for a Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the London School of Economics and Political Science UMI Number: U048587 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U048587 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 rnsse F 686 X c2I ABSTRACT The public sector of all western developed countries has become increasingly involved in financing health care during the past century. Today, thirteen OECD countries have passed landmark legislative reforms that call for compulsory prepayment and universal entitlement to comprehensive services, while most of the others achieve similar coverage through a mixture of public and private voluntary arrangements. This study carried out a detailed analysis of why, how and to what effect governments became involved in health care financing in eight of these countries. During the early phase of this evolution, reliance on direct out-of-pocket payment and an unregulated market mechanism for the financing, production and delivery of health care led to many unsatisfactory outcomes in the allocation of scarce resources, redistribution of the financial burden of illness and stabilisation of health care activities. This forced the state to intervene through regulations, subsidies and direct provision of services. Expansion in prepayment of health care gradually occurred through private insurance, social insurance and general revenues in response to different socio-economic, political and bureaucratic forces. Although improving health may have been the ultimate goal, offering universal access to affordable health care was the way the countries examined achieved this objective. Universal comprehensive coverage was associated with a decade of stable public expenditure on health care compared with GDP, total government expenditure and government consumption expenditure. There were no disproportionate increases in health care expenditure or displacement of public funds away from social programmes that depended on cash transfer payments. Nor do the countries that offer such social protection have higher public debt or poorer economic performance compared with the rest of the OECD. Measures of health status are unfortunately still not sufficiently developed or standardised to permit a detailed analysis of this aspect of outcome through cross-national comparisons. Furthermore, the countries examined may be more vulnerable to political backlash because of the high visibility of their government involvement in health care financing. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables 8 Acknowledgements 10 Part I. Introduction 11 Chapter 1. Theoretical Framework Chapter 2. Methodology 53 Part II. National Profiles 98 Chapter 3. New Zealand 99 Chapter 4. United Kingdom 116 Chapter 5. Canada 140 Chapter 6. Australia 164 Chapter 7. Denmark 190 Chapter 8. Norway 212 Chapter 9. Sweden 236 Chapter 10. Finland 259 Part II. Discussion 282 Chapter 11. Analysis 283 Chapter 12. Theories 342 Appendix Figures 348 Tables 358 Glossary 372 Select Bibliography 373 Detailed Table of Contents Chapter 1. Theoretical Framework A. Historical Role of the State 12 B. Determinants of Public Policy 18 1. Level of Socio-economic Development 19 2. Political Processes 21 a) Ideology 22 b) Democratization 25 c) Political Party Formation 26 3. Bureaucratic Structures 28 4. Market Failure 31 C. Normative Functions of Modem Governments 41 D. Outcome to Health Policy 43 E. Policy Processes 48 Chapter 2. Methodology A. Hybrid Discipline 53 B. Scientific Method 54 C. Objectives 57 D. Hypotheses 58 E. Research Design 61 1. Styles 61 2. Elements 65 (1) Dimensions (Contextual) 66 (2) Countries (Spatial) 69 (3) Time Period (Temporal) 75 F. Data Collection 78 1. Descriptive 78 2. Quantitative 80 G. Analytical Techniques 83 1. Descriptive 84 (1) Positivist Analysis 85 (2) Linguistic Analysis 86 2. Quantitative 88 (1) Time series 89 (2) Cross-sectional analysis 93 Chapter 3. New Zealand A. Financial Infrastructures 99 1. Colonial Military Outposts 99 2. National Insurance Plan of 1882 100 3. Friendly Societies 102 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 103 1. General Election of 1935 103 2 Communist and Socialist Influence 106 3. Health Insurance Committee of 1935 107 4. Investigation Committee of 1937 109 5. Committee on National Health and Superannuation of 1937 110 6. Social Security Act of 1938 112 7. Social Security Amendment Bill of 1941 114 C. Barriers to Universal Coverage 115 1. Hostages to History 115 4 Detailed Table of Contents Chapter 4. United Kingdom A. Financial Infrastructures 116 1. Elizabethan Poor Laws 116 2. Lloyd George’s National Insurance Plan of 1911 119 3. World War I to the Great Depression 121 4. World War H 123 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 124 1. Beveridge’s Report 124 2. Vested-Interest Groups 126 3. Brown’s Plan 127 4. White Paper 129 5. Willink’s Plan 131 6. Bevan’s Plan 132 7. National Health Service Act of 1946 134 C. Barriers to Universal Coverage 138 1. Administrative Reorganisations 138 Chapter 5. Canada A. Financial Infrastructures 140 1. The British North America Act of 1867 140 2. Provincial Government Health Programmes 141 3. Heagerty Committee Draft Bill of 1944 143 4. Dominion-Provincial Conference of 1945 145 5. National Hospital and Diagnostic Services Act of 1957 147 6. Provincial Health Insurance 150 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 152 1. Royal Commission on Health Services 152 2. Federal-Provincial Conference of 1965 156 3. National Medicare Programme 157 4. Strike, Insurrection and War Measures 160 C. Barriers to Universal Coverage 162 1. Canada Health Act of 1984 162 Chapter 6. Australia A. Financial Infrastructures 164 1. Colonial Government Health Services 164 2. Doctors and Pre-paid Health Care 167 3. Royal Commission on National Insurance of 1923 168 4. National Health and Pensions Insurance Act of 1938 170 5. National Health Services Act of 1948 171 6. Earl Page Voluntary Insurance of 1953 174 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 176 1. Committee of Inquiry into Health Insurance of 1968 176 2. Scotton-Deeble Compulsory Insurance Plan of 1969 177 3. Whitlam Labour Government of 1972 178 4. Medibank I 180 C. Barriers to Universal Coverage 186 1. Earl Page Revisited 186 2. Medicare of 1984 188 5 Detailed Table of Contents Chapter 7. Denmark A. Financial Infrastructures 190 1. Early Danish Sickness Funds 190 2. Law on Recognised Sickness Funds of 1892 191 3. Danish Medical Association 193 4. Minor Social Reform of 1921 195 5. Social Insurance Law of 1933 196 6. World War II 197 7. Public Sickness Insurance Law of 1960 197 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 199 1. Danish Social Politics 199 2. County Councils and Municipalities 200 3. Parliamentary Resolution of 1964 201 4. Social Reform Commission of 1969 202 5. Sickness Funds’ Publicity Campaign 206 6. Social Reform Investigations 207 7. Sickness Insurance Law of 1971 208 C. Barriers to Universal Coverage 210 1. Groenneg&r Committee of 1986 210 Chapter 8. Norway A. Financial Infrastructures 212 1. Sickness Funds 212 2. County Medical Officer 213 3. Committee Work 214 4. The Labour Party 216 5. Compulsory Sickness Insurance Law of 1909 217 6. Norwegian Medical Association 218 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 220 1. The Great Depression 220 2. War Occupation and Joint Reconstruction Programme 222 3. Parliamentary Decree 223 4. Social Insurance Committee Report No. I 225 5. Committee Report No. II 227 6. Compulsory Universal Sickness Insurance Law of 1956 229 C. Barriers to Universal coverage 232 1. Civil Defence Health Plan 232 2. Health For All 234 Chapter 9. Sweden A. Financial Infrastructures 236 1. Swedish Sickness Funds 236 2. Social Democratic Party 241 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 243 1. Social Security Commission of 1938 243 2. Sickness Insurance Law of 1947 245 3. Hojer Report of 1948 246 4. Swedish Medical Association 248 5. Sickness Insurance Law of 1953 249 C. Barriers to Universal Coverage 250 1. Regional Hospital Plan of 1958 251 2. Swedish Younger Doctors’ Association 253 3. Seven Crowns Reform of 1969 254 4. Health Policy for the 1990s 257 6 Detailed Table of Contents Chapter 10. Finland A. Financial Infrastructures 259 1. Early Health Provisions 259 2. Finnish Medical Association 260 3. Public Involvement 261 4. Multi-Party Politics 261 5. First Parliamentary Proposal 263 B. Landmark Legislative Reforms 264 1. Governmental Proposal to Parliament of 1954 264 2. Sickness Insurance Committees 265 3. Social and Political Transformation 268 4. Sickness Insurance Act of 1963 271 C. Barriers to Universal Coverage 274 1. Beyond Social Insurance 274 2. Public Health Act of 1972 276 3. Finnish Health for All by the Year 2000 280 Chapter 11. Analysis A. Clarification of concepts 283 1. Financing Mechanisms 285 2. Participation 290 3. Entitlement 291 B. Hypotheses (why, how and to what effect) 294 1. Determinants of Health Policy (why) 294 a) Socio-economic Development 294 b) Political Processes 297 i) Ideology 298 ii) Democratization 302 iii) Political Party Formation & Vested Interests 305 c) Bureaucratic Structures 310 d) Market Failure 315 2. Normative Functions of Governments (how and what) 320 a) Allocation Function 320 b) Distribution Function 325 c) Stabilisation Function 330 3. Outcome to Public Financing of Health Care (to what effect) 335 Chapter 11. Theories A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Political Party Return for 2011-12
    Political Party Disclosure Return FINANCIAL YEAR 2011-12 The due date for lodging this return is 20 October 2012 Completing the Return: • This return is to be completed by the person who is appointed as the party’s agent with the AEC. • This return is to be completed with reference to the Financial Disclosure Guide for Political Parties 2011-12 financial year. • Amounts should be reported on a GST inclusive basis. • Further information is available at www.aec.gov.au. • This return will be available for public inspection from Friday 01 February 2013 at www.aec.gov.au. • Any supporting documentation included with this return may be treated as part of a public disclosure and displayed on the AEC website. • The information on this return is collected under the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. Name of political party Australian Labor Party (ALP) Party agent details Name of party agent Mr George Wright Postal address of party agent PO Box 6222 Suburb/town KINGSTON State ACT Postcode 2604 Telephone number 0261200800 Fax number 0261200801 Email address [email protected] Party agent’s certification I certify that the information contained in this return and its attachments is true þ and complete. I understand that giving false or misleading information is a serious offence OR I certify that the information contained in this return and its attachments is true o and complete, except for the particulars detailed in the ‘Notice of Incomplete Return’ form (attached). I understand that giving false or misleading information is a serious offence.
    [Show full text]
  • Stormklockan
    Stormklockan En kritisk röst inom arbetarrörelsen 1908-1914 Peter Sundborg Examensarbete för magisterexamen Huvudområde: Historia Högskolepoäng: 30 hp Termin/år: Vårterminen 2018 Handledare: Roland Anrup Examinator: Per Sörlin Utbildningsprogram: Magisterutbildning med inriktning mot historia Innehållsförteckning Inledning 3 Syfte och frågeställning 3 Forskningsläget 4 Metoder och källor 10 Källkritik och avgränsningar 13 Bakgrund 14 Det socialdemokratiska ungdomsförbundet 17 Parlamentarismen och kampen för allmän rösträtt 20 Lågkonjunktur och kampen mot ungsocialisterna 23 Krisen inom arbetarrörelsen 26 ”Rättning vänster” 28 Kritik av riksdagsgruppen 32 Sammanfattning 36 Ministersocialism och samarbete med liberalerna 37 Storlockout och storstrejk 43 Liberalerna efter storstrejken 46 Ett val mellan två vägar för socialdemokraterna 52 Ministersocialismen och revisionismen 54 Sammanfattning 58 Staten och parlamentarismen 60 Diskussion om parlamentarismen 62 Statens klasskaraktär 65 Sammanfattning 71 Polemiken mot försvars- och militärpolitiken 72 Ned med vapnen 74 Stormklockan och värnpliktstrejken 75 Antimilitarismen och skytterörelsen 77 Försvar eller avrustning? 79 Pansarbåtsstriden 82 Pansarpatriotism och krigsrisker 83 1 Krigsindustri, imperialism och revolutionsrisk 86 Partikongressen 1914 93 Första världskriget bryter ut 95 Sammanfattning 98 Avslutande diskussion 100 Krisen inom arbetarrörelsen 100 Ministersocialismen och samarbetet med liberalerna 101 Staten och parlamentarismen 102 Försvaret och militären 103 Två typer av kritik
    [Show full text]
  • Liberal Women: a Proud History
    <insert section here> | 1 foreword The Liberal Party of Australia is the party of opportunity and choice for all Australians. From its inception in 1944, the Liberal Party has had a proud LIBERAL history of advancing opportunities for Australian women. It has done so from a strong philosophical tradition of respect for competence and WOMEN contribution, regardless of gender, religion or ethnicity. A PROUD HISTORY OF FIRSTS While other political parties have represented specific interests within the Australian community such as the trade union or environmental movements, the Liberal Party has always proudly demonstrated a broad and inclusive membership that has better understood the aspirations of contents all Australians and not least Australian women. The Liberal Party also has a long history of pre-selecting and Foreword by the Hon Kelly O’Dwyer MP ... 3 supporting women to serve in Parliament. Dame Enid Lyons, the first female member of the House of Representatives, a member of the Liberal Women: A Proud History ... 4 United Australia Party and then the Liberal Party, served Australia with exceptional competence during the Menzies years. She demonstrated The Early Liberal Movement ... 6 the passion, capability and drive that are characteristic of the strong The Liberal Party of Australia: Beginnings to 1996 ... 8 Liberal women who have helped shape our nation. Key Policy Achievements ... 10 As one of the many female Liberal parliamentarians, and one of the A Proud History of Firsts ... 11 thousands of female Liberal Party members across Australia, I am truly proud of our party’s history. I am proud to be a member of a party with a The Howard Years ..
    [Show full text]
  • The Secret Life of Elsie Curtin
    Curtin University The secret life of Elsie Curtin Public Lecture presented by JCPML Visiting Scholar Associate Professor Bobbie Oliver on 17 October 2012. Vice Chancellor, distinguished guests, members of the Curtin family, colleagues, friends. It is a great honour to give the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library’s lecture as their 2012 Visiting Scholar. I thank Lesley Wallace, Deanne Barrett and all the staff of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, firstly for their invitation to me last year to be the 2012 Visiting Scholar, and for their willing and courteous assistance throughout this year as I researched Elsie Curtin’s life. You will soon be able to see the full results on the web site. I dedicate this lecture to the late Professor Tom Stannage, a fine historian, who sadly and most unexpectedly passed away on 4 October. Many of you knew Tom as Executive Dean of Humanities from 1999 to 2005, but some years prior to that, he was my colleague, mentor, friend and Ph.D. supervisor in the History Department at UWA. Working with Tom inspired an enthusiasm for Australian history that I had not previously known, and through him, I discovered John Curtin – and then Elsie Curtin, whose story is the subject of my lecture today. Elsie Needham was born at Ballarat, Victoria, on 4 October 1890 – the third child of Abraham Needham, a sign writer and painter, and his wife, Annie. She had two older brothers, William and Leslie. From 1898 until 1908, Elsie lived with her family in Cape Town, South Africa, where her father had established the signwriting firm of Needham and Bennett.
    [Show full text]
  • Denmark Has a New Government Nordea Research, 30 June 2015
    Helge J. Pedersen Denmark has a new government Nordea Research, 30 June 2015 Denmark has a new government with Lars Løkke Rasmussen of the Liberal Party as prime minister. After more than a week of negotiations between the Liberal Party and the other parties of the centre-right bloc, the Danish People’s Party, Liberal Alliance and the Conservative Party, it was clear that the parties were too far apart to form a broad coalition. Denmark is now led by a pure Liberal Party minority government comprising 17 ministries. Minority governments are by no means unusual. In fact most governments in Denmark have been minority governments. A one-party government is not uncommon either. But what is unusual is the fact that this is a pure Liberal Party government. The last time this happened was under the premiership of Poul Hartling (1973-75). It is also unusual that the prime minister is from the country’s third-largest party. The last time this happened was with the coalition comprising the Liberal Party, the Conservative Party and the Social Liberal Party (1968-71), when Hilmar Baunsgaard of the Social Liberals held the post as prime minister. Obviously, given the political realities, the new government must work with different partners among the parties in the new parliament to implement its policies. In this light it is no surprise that the new government has presented a broad platform (“Together for the future”). According to this, the new government’s key priorities can be summarised as follows: • More private sector jobs through a sound and responsible economic policy supporting growth and prosperity.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodefense and Constitutional Constraints
    Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2011 Biodefense and Constitutional Constraints Laura K. Donohue Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 11-96 This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/677 http://ssrn.com/abstract=1882506 4 Nat'l Security & Armed Conflict L. Rev. 82-206 (2014) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons BIODEFENSE AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS Laura K. Donohue* I. INTRODUCTION"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" & II. STATE POLICE POWERS AND THE FEDERALIZATION OF U.S. QUARANTINE LAW """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 2 A. Early Colonial Quarantine Provisions""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 3 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""&)
    [Show full text]
  • Danish Cold War Historiography
    SURVEY ARTICLE Danish Cold War Historiography ✣ Rasmus Mariager This article reviews the scholarly debate that has developed since the 1970s on Denmark and the Cold War. Over the past three decades, Danish Cold War historiography has reached a volume and standard that merits international attention. Until the 1970s, almost no archive-based research had been con- ducted on Denmark and the Cold War. Beginning in the late 1970s, however, historians and political scientists began to assess Danish Cold War history. By the time an encyclopedia on Denmark and the Cold War was published in 2011, it included some 400 entries written by 70 researchers, the majority of them established scholars.1 The expanding body of literature has shown that Danish Cold War pol- icy possessed characteristics that were generally applicable, particularly with regard to alliance policy. As a small frontline state that shared naval borders with East Germany and Poland, Denmark found itself in a difficult situation in relation to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as well as the Soviet Union. With regard to NATO, Danish policymakers balanced policies of integration and screening. The Danish government had to assure the Soviet Union of Denmark’s and NATO’s peaceful intentions even as Denmark and NATO concurrently rearmed. The balancing act was not easily managed. A review of Danish Cold War historiography also has relevance for con- temporary developments within Danish politics and research. Over the past quarter century, Danish Cold War history has been remarkably politicized.2 The end of the Cold War has seen the successive publication of reports and white books on Danish Cold War history commissioned by the Dan- ish government.
    [Show full text]
  • Victorle Regin2e
    ANNO DECIMO OCTAVO & DECIMO NONO VICTORLE REGIN2E. C A P.CXXI. An Act to consolidate and amend the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts, 1848 and 1849. [14th August 1855:] HEREASthe Provisions of "The Nuisances Removal11 &l2Vict, c. 123. and Diseases Prevention Act, 1848," amended by "The12 & 13 \Tict WNuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention AmendmentC. ill. Act, 1849," are defective, and itis expedient to repeal the said Acts as far as relates to England, and to substitute other Provisions more effectual in that Behalf: Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the same,as follows: I.From and after the passing of this Act, the said Acts are Recited Acts by this Section repealed, as far as relates ta England: Providedrepealed as always, that all Proceedings commenced or taken under the said tOd, Acts, and not yet completed, may be proceeded with under the said except as to Proceedings Acts ;and Contracts or Works undertaken by virtue of thecommenced, said Acts shall continue and be as effectual as if the said Acts had been repealed. 13B IL lu 1112 18° & 190 Cap.12L Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Consolidation and Amendment. or Committee appointed as aforesaid, and wherein there is or Constitutzon of LocalAuthority, shall be a Board of Inspectors for Lighting and Watching under Des4tionof the Act 3 & 4 W. 4. c. 90., that Board with the Surveyor of Nuisances, and Powers of Highways: Entry.
    [Show full text]
  • Mellom Gammelt Og Nytt: Helseforvaltningen 1945–1994
    Ole Berg Mellom gammelt og nytt: Helseforvaltningen 1945–1994 Michael 2009;6:339–60 Fra 1970­årene av ble den evangske sentralforvaltning, preget av legestyre («medikrati»), utfordret av politikere, jurister og økonomer. De ville ha en ny, mer profesjonalisert, offentlig ledelse. Det redegjøres i artikkelen for hvordan helsedirektør Karl Evangs medikrati var bygget opp og fungerte, og hvordan hans etterfølger, Torbjørn Mork forsøkte å føre det videre, men kom på defensiven. Morks tid som helsedirektør, ble en tid i defensiv kamp. I 1983 måtte han se at «hans» direktorat ble delt og i hans siste leveår hvordan hans utfordrere endog forsøkte å legge det ned, dog uten å lykkes. Det vises til slutt hvordan helse for­ valtningen, etter den avgjørende konfrontasjon i 1992, gikk inn i den etter­ medikratiske tid, preget av den «nyttestatlige», nye offentlige ledelse. Reformene i 2002 står som symboler for denne utviklingen. I løpet av 1970-årene snudde den politiske stemning i Norge som i andre land. Det skyldtes blant annet en tiltagende bekymring for veksten i de offentlige utgifter, en bekymring som ble vesentlig forsterket av oljekrisene fra høsten 1973. Ett av svarene på bekymringen ble en «ny» måte å forstå styring på og en ny måte å organisere forvaltningen på. Nå skulle det i stigende grad bli tale om en «ny offentlig ledelse», og noe senere, om en «ny stat» og en bedre organisert stat. Den «gamle» måten å styre på var preget av en kombinasjon av politisk- demokratisk legmannsstyre og et juridisk rettsstatsstyre. Innen mange om- råder var der også et viktig innslag av mer spesialisert fagstyre.
    [Show full text]
  • Det Offentlige Danmark 2018 © Digitaliseringsstyrelsen, 2018
    Det offentlige Danmark 2018 © Digitaliseringsstyrelsen, 2018 Udgiver: Finansministeriet Redaktion: Digitaliseringsstyrelsen Opsætning og layout: Rosendahls a/s ISBN 978-87-93073-23-4 ISSN 2446-4589 Det offentlige Danmark 2018 Oversigt over indretningen af den offentlige sektor Om publikationen Den første statshåndbog i Danmark udkom på tysk i Oversigt over de enkelte regeringer siden 1848 1734. Fra 1801 udkom en dansk udgave med vekslende Frem til seneste grundlovsændring i 1953 er udelukkende udgivere. Fra 1918 til 1926 blev den udgivet af Kabinets- regeringscheferne nævnt. Fra 1953 er alle ministre nævnt sekretariatet og Indenrigsministeriet og derefter af Kabi- med partibetegnelser. netssekretariatet og Statsministeriet. Udgivelsen Hof & Stat udkom sidste gang i 2013 i fuld version. Det er siden besluttet, at der etableres en oversigt over indretningen Person- og realregister af den offentlige sektor ved nærværende publikation, Der er ikke udarbejdet et person- og realregister til som udkom første gang i 2017. Det offentlige Danmark denne publikation. Ønsker man at fremfnde en bestem indeholder således en opgørelse over centrale instituti- person eller institution, henvises der til søgefunktionen oner i den offentlige sektor i Danmark, samt hvem der (Ctrl + f). leder disse. Hofdelen af den tidligere Hof- og Statskalen- der varetages af Kabinetssekretariatet, som stiller infor- mationer om Kongehuset til rådighed på Kongehusets Redaktionen hjemmeside. Indholdet til publikationen er indsamlet i første halvår 2018. Myndighederne er blevet
    [Show full text]
  • Gro Harlem Brundtland Ou L'invention Du « Développement Durable »
    Dynamiques environnementales Journal international de géosciences et de l’environnement 39-40 | 2017 Explorateurs, femmes et hommes de science : voyages en terres mal connues Gro Harlem Brundtland ou l’invention du « développement durable » Gro Harlem Brundtland or the invention of « sustainable development » Louis-Pascal Jacquemond Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/dynenviron/541 DOI : 10.4000/dynenviron.541 ISSN : 2534-4358 Éditeur Presses universitaires de Bordeaux Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 juin 2017 Pagination : 254-265 ISSN : 1968-469X Référence électronique Louis-Pascal Jacquemond, « Gro Harlem Brundtland ou l’invention du « développement durable » », Dynamiques environnementales [En ligne], 39-40 | 2017, mis en ligne le 01 juin 2018, consulté le 10 décembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/dynenviron/541 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ dynenviron.541 La revue Dynamiques environnementales est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. photo 1 : Gro Brundtland lors de la conférence du 29 septembre 2014 à Salão de Atos da à l'Université fédé- rale du Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), sur les Frontières de la pensée, Porto Alegre (Crédit : Luiz Munhoz, Fronteiras do Pensamento, Licence CC BY-SA 2.0, Wikimedia commons). Dynamiques Environnementales-Journal international des géosciences et de l’environnement, année 2017, 39-40 Gro Harlem Brundtland ou l’invention du « développement durable » 1 Louis-Pascal Jacquemond Résumé/Abstract La travailliste norvégienne Gro Harlem Brundtland, rompue à la politique par tradition familiale, a été une pionnière. Cette médecin féministe militante s’est très tôt préoccupée des questions de santé et d’environnement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Elites' Discourse of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Denmark and Sweden
    The Political Elites’ Discourse of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Denmark and Sweden Written by Mia Lund Bekke Denise Helt Persson Development & International Relations Dissertation Supervisor: Wolfgang Zank Aalborg University, 2015 Page 1 of 99 Preface The dissertation finishes our master degree in Development and International Relations with the headline “The Political Elites’ Discourse of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Denmark and Sweden”. The dissertation has been carried out as a comparative study of Denmark and Sweden, focusing on the mainstream parties' acceptance of right-wing populist parties in each country. It is examined by a discourse analysis based on Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory supplemented by Fairclough's concept ‘order of discourse’. We would like to take this opportunity to thank our supervisor Wolfgang Zank for his educational inputs and dedication. Page 2 of 99 Table of Content Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Problem Area ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Problem statement and modification .......................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]