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Home , Agelanthus, Aloe rupestris, Encephalartos manikensis, Encephalartos turneri, Inhambane, Lebombo Mountains

EXTINCT & THREATENED

Endemism: Endemic ACANTHACEAE ANNONACEAE Threats: Harvesting, collection Distribution: Niassa, Zambézia Blepharis dunensis Vollesen Hexabolus mossambicensis N.Robson This is apparently cultivated around Status: VU B1B2cD2 Status: VU D2 and the trunks are used for dugout canoes. Found in a Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic? variety of habitats. Threats: Mining Distribution: , Cabo Delgado, Niassa Distribution: Zambézia, Nampula Reported to be rare. Known only from about five Coastal sand dunes, 0–25 m. Eight records from four localities in forest. CANELLACEAE localities, including recent collections from Moebase and Moma. Xylopia collina Diels Warburgia salutaris Engl. Status: VU D2 Status: VU A2cd Blepharis gazensis Vollesen Endemism: Near-endemic Threats: Harvesting Status: VU B1B2cD2 Distribution: Cabo Delgado Distribution: Endemism: Endemic It is found in open woodland or thickets and on Common name ‘chibaha’. Fairly common in southern Distribution: Gaza termitaria at 200–810 m. Also in Tanzania. . Wide distribution range outside Colophospermum woodland. Mozambique but heavily utilised according to baseline reports. Global status is Endangered. Blepharis swaziensis Vollesen APIACEAE Status: VU D2 Endemism: Near-endemic Centella obtriangularis Cannon CAPPARACEAE Threats: Habitat degradation Status: VU D2 Distribution: Maputo Endemism: Endemic Maerua andradae Wild Open bushland and grassland. Lebombo narrow Distribution: Manhica Status: VU D2 endemic. Also in and Swaziland. Endemic to Chimanimanis, known from the Mozambique Endemism: Endemic side. In wet grassy slopes or banks. Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Niassa Blepharis torrei Vollesen It is found in low-altitude woodland. Status: VU D2 Endemism: Near-endemic ASTERACEAE Maerua scandens (Klotzsch) Gilg Distribution: Niassa Status: VU D2 Two collections from a locality in Mozambique (one Vernonia muelleri Wild subsp. muelleri Endemism: Endemic from Tanzania). Acacia–Brachystegia boehmii wooded Status: VU D2 Distribution: Gaza grassland on concrete-like clayey hardpan, altitude Endemism: Near-endemic The species is known from dense Brachystegia MOZAMBIQUE 875 m. Distribution: Manhica woodland, apparently rather rare. Chimanimani endemic. Also in . Duvernoia aconitiflora A.Meeuse Status: VU B1B2cD2 CELASTRACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic? BALSAMINACEAE Threats: Damming, agriculture Elaeodendron fruticosum N.Robson Distribution: Maputo Impatiens psycantha Launert Status: VU B1B2cD2 Forest margins, sometimes along rivers. It is probable Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic MOZAMBIQUE that the Umbeluzi Dam has had an impact, the species Endemism: Endemic Distribution: , Gaza could be extinct in Mozambique. One collection from Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Known only from the thicket in coastal areas. Swaziland (Hlatikulu); also in South Africa. Altitude of 800 m. Found in Brachystegia forest. Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotz.) Blakelock var. Impatiens psychadelphiodes Launert guruenensis N.Robson AMARANTHACEAE Status: VU D2 Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic? Celosia pandurata Baker Threats: Agriculture Distribution: Zambézia Status: VU D2 Distribution: Zambézia, Sofala Known only from two collections. Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Tete, Zambézia Impatiens salpinx Schulze & Launert Known from forests in central Mozambique. Status: VU D2 CHENOPODIACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Manhica Sarcocornia mossambicensis Brenan ANACARDIACEAE Altitude of 1,550 m. In wet conditions. Also in Status: EN B1B2c Zimbabwe. Endemism: Endemic Lannea stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. var. tomentosa Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, Dunkley desiccation Status: VU D2 BIGNONIACEAE Distribution: Inhambane Endemism: Endemic? Apparently confined to a few salt marshes. Distribution: Tete, Manhica Dolichandrone alba (Sim) Sprague Widespread in the Flora zambesiaca area. Status: VU B1B2cD2 Sarcocornia natalensis (Bunge) A.J.Scott Endemism: Endemic Status: VU B1B2cD2 Ozoroa gomeziana R. & A.Fern. Threats: Habitat degradation, harvesting Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, Status: VU D2 Distribution: Gaza, Maputo, Inhambane desiccation Endemism: Endemic Found in dry deciduous woodland, fringing forests or Distribution: Maputo Distribution: Inhambane thickets on sandy soils mainly near the coast. This is a Apparently confined to a few salt-marshes. Also in Known only from the type. utilised species. South Africa.

Rhus refracta Eckl. & Zeyh. Suaeda sp. Caldeira & Marques 599 Status: VU D2 BOMBACACEAE Status: EX Distribution: Sofala Endemism: Endemic Found in deciduous forest. Also in South Africa. Rhodognaphalon mossambicense (A.Robyns) Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, A.Robyns desiccation Bombax mossambicensis-A.Robyns Distribution: Maputo Status: VU D2 Known only from one specimen (collected in 1965)

EXTINCT & THREATENED 49 which is known from salt marshes near the coast. The Crassula morrumbalensis R.Fern. only taxon in this genus in the Flora zambesiaca region Status: VU B1B2cD2 EUPHORBIACEAE that grows near the coast. Endemism: Endemic Threats: Agriculture, habitat degradation Croton aceroides Radcl.-Sm. Distribution: Zambézia, Gaza Status: VU D2 COMBRETACEAE In the savannas of mountainous slopes. Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Inhambane caudatisepalum Exell & Garcia Kalanchoe fernandesii Raym.-Hamet Locally common on the margins of dry coastal forest in Status: VU D2 Status: VU B1B2cD2 pallid sands. The species is known only from the type Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic collection. Distribution: Nampula, Niassa Threats: Fire Reported to be rare. Known only from about five Distribution: Nampula Croton inhambanensis Radcl.-Sm. localities in thickets. Known only from the type locality (1950). In xerophytic Status: VU D2 forest near the river or in open places in forests. Endemism: Endemic Combretum stocksii Sprague Distribution: Inhambane Status: VU D2 Pterocephalus centenii Cannon This is a very distinctive species. It is known only from Endemism: Endemic Status: VU D2 two collections. It is found on low-altitude coastal Distribution: Zambézia, Cabo Delgado, Niassa Endemism: Endemic plains in dry sandy soils with Androstachys johnsonii. In dense evergreen forest. Distribution: Manhica This species is known only from the type specimen. Croton leuconeurus Pax subsp. mossambicensis Pteleopsis barbosae Exell Found at the edge of a cloud forest dominated by Radcl.-Sm. Status: VU D2 Podocarpus. Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Niassa Distribution: Manhica e Sofala At low elevation in Acacia savanna. CUCURBITACEAE Euphorbia plenispina S.Carter Coccinia subglabra C.Jeffrey Status: VU D2 COMMELINACEAE Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Sofala, Inhambane Triceratella drummondii Brenan Distribution: Nampula Known only from the type (Carvalho 1019 (1968)). Status: VU D2 Found in coastal forest at 40–130 m. Known only from Found amongst lichens. Endemism: Near-endemic? this locality. Distribution: Nampula Known only from two collections (Mozambique and FLACOURTIACEAE Zimbabwe). DICHAPETALACEAE Homalium mossambicensis Paiva Dichapetalum zambesianum Torre Status: VU B1B2cD2 CONNARACEAE Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Zambézia Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Alston Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Zambézia In lowland forest. Status: VU D2 In deciduous and secondary woodland. Endemism: Endemic? Distribution: Sofala Dichapetalum mendoncae Torre GESNERIACEAE Known only from a single collection. Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Streptocarpus brachynema Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Distribution: Inhambane Status: VU D2 MOZAMBIQUE CONVOLVULACEAE In mixed woodland. Endemism: Endemic Gorongoza endemic. On rocks or tree trunks in forest. Ipomoea venosa (Desr.) Roem & Schultes var. obtusifolola Verdc. EBENACEAE Streptocarpus grandis N.E.Br. subsp. Status: VU B1B2cD2 septentrionalis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Endemism: Endemic Diospyros anitae F.White Status: VU D2 Threats: Habitat degradation Status: VU D2 Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Maputo Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica Distribution: Nampula Chimanimani endemic. On damp quartzitic rock in Turbina longiflora Verdc. Known only from the type locality. Found in stream gullies. Also in Zimbabwe. Status: VU D2 Brachystegia woodland at 450 m. Endemism: Endemic Streptocarpus michelmorei B.L.Burtt Distribution: Inhambane, Maputo, Gaza Status: VU D2 In sandy soil at 310 m. It is a glabrous herb. ERICACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Manhica Erica pleiotricha S.Moore var. blaerioides (Wild) Chimanimani endemic. Also in Zimbabwe. CRASSULACEAE R.Ross Status: VU D2 Streptocarpus myoporoides Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Crassula expansa Dryand. var. longifolia R.Fern. Endemism: Near-endemic? Status: VU D2 Status: VU D2 Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Maputo Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Found in damp places amongst rocks near summits of Distribution: Nampula Distribution: Inhambane mountains at altitudes of 900–2,300 m. Also in Zimbabwe. Crassula leachii R.Fern. LEGUMINOSAE: Status: VU D2 Erica pleiotricha S.Moore var. pleiotricha Endemism: Endemic Status: VU D2 Icuria dunensis Wieringa Threats: Agriculture, habitat degradation Endemism: Near-endemic? Status: EN A2c Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Maputo Endemism: Endemic Known from granite rocks. Known only from two Found in damp places among rocks near summits of Threats: Harvesting collections. mountains 1,800–2,400 m. Also in Zimbabwe. Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia In large communities on sandy, coastal dunes. Forms Crassula maputensis R.Fern. Erica wildii Brenan nearly monospecific forests on older dunes in dry land. Status: EN B1B2c Status: VU D2 Confused with Hymenaea verrucosa. The timber is Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic? valuable but wood is not durable. Bark is stripped to Distribution: Maputo Distribution: Manhica e Sofala make canoes. Known from a number of specimens. Also in South Africa. Found in upland grassland and savanna and amongsst rocks. Altitude 1,050 –2,400 m. Also in Zimbabwe.

50 EXTINCT & THREATENED Nesaea moggii R.Fern. Endemism: Near-endemic? LEGUMINOSAE: Status: VU D2 Distribution: Manhica Endemism: Endemic Grows at 1,350 m altitude. Known only from a single Acacia torrei Brenan Distribution: Nampula collection (1964). Found in Brachystegia woodlands Status: VU D2 Known only from the type. In freshwater swamps near along the rivers. Also in Zimbabwe. Endemism: Endemic? the coast. Possibly known only from the type collection Distribution: Sofala by Mogg 32410 (1965). Found in savanna. MONTINIACEAE Nesaea pedroi R.Fern. & Diniz Entada mossambicensis Torre Status: VU D2 Grevea eggelingii Milne-Redh. subsp. echinocarpa Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic (Mendes) Verdc. Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Nampula Status: VU D2 Distribution: Nampula In marshy places. Endemism: Near-endemic A forest species. Distribution: Cabo Delgado Nesaea pygmaea R.Fern. & Diniz Riverine forest. Also in Tanzania. Entada schlechteri (Harms) Harms Status: VU D2 Status: VU A1cB1B2cD2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Nampula MORACEAE Threats: Urban expansion Near the coast? Distribution: Maputo, Gaza Dorstenia zambesiaca Hijman Nesaea ramosa R.Fern. Status: VU D2 Mimosa mossambicensis Brenan Status: VU D2 Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Possibly a taxonomic problem. Reported to be one of Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Inhambane the rarest Moraceae. The type is from Mozambique, Distribution: Tete Various habitats. collected by Müller & Pope 520 (1971). Also known from Tanzania and . In leaf litter of mixed Xylia mendoncae Torre Nesaea ramosissima R.Fern. & Diniz evergreen forest. Status: VU D2 Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Inhambane Distribution: Niassa OCHNACEAE Known only from the type collection. In swamps and on riverbanks. Ochna beirensis N.Robson Nesaea spathulata R.Fern. Status: VU B1B2cD2 LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Sofala Rhynchosia chimanimaniensis Verdc. Distribution: Sofala Known from deciduous woodland in evergreen scrub Status: VU D2 In wetlands in black soil. Altitude of 32 m. near sea level. Endemism: Near-endemic MOZAMBIQUE Distribution: Manhica Chimanimani endemic. Altitude of 1,500–1,900 m. Also MALPIGHIACEAE PASSIFLORACEAE in Zimbabwe. Triaspis nelsonii Oliv. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Adenia mossambicensis de Wilde Launert Status: VU D2 LINACEAE Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Nampula Hugonia elliptica N.Robson Distribution: Maputo, Gaza On granite; altitude of 450 m. Status: VU D2 Apparently known only from Mozambique, although Endemism: Endemic recorded very close to the South African border. Adenia zambesiensis R. & A.Fern. Distribution: Zambézia Status: VU D2 Altitude of 150 m. Habitat unknown. Endemism: Endemic MALVACEAE Distribution: Zambézia Hugonia grandiflora N.Robson Status: VU D2 Hibiscus torrei Baker Endemism: Near-endemic Status: VU D2 POACEAE Distribution: Niassa Endemism: Endemic Evergreen forest at 500 m. Also in Tanzania. Threats: Human degradation, agriculture Baptorhachis foliaceae (Clayton) Clayton Distribution: Niassa, Tete Status: VU D2 Known from damp, humid places. Endemism: Endemic LOBELIACEAE Distribution: Nampula Monospecific genus. Lobelia cobaltica S.Moore MELASTOMATACEAE Status: VU D2 Danthoniopsis chimanimaniensis (Phipps) Clayton Endemism: Near-endemic Dissotis angustifolia A. & R.Fern. Status: VU D2 Distribution: Manhica Status: VU D2 Endemism: Near-endemic? Chimanimani endemic. Also in Zimbabwe? Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica Distribution: Nampula Chimanimani endemic in rocky places along streams. Coastal area. Also in Zimbabwe. Dissotis pulchra A. & R.Fern. Digitaria appropinquata Goetgh. Englerina schlechteri (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens Status: VU D2 Status: VU D2 Status: VU D2 Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica Distribution: Zambézia Distribution: Maputo Chimanimani endemic, along streams and rock crevices. Altitude of 1,650 m. Also in Zimbabwe. Digitaria fuscopilosa Goetgh. Status: VU D2 LYTHRACEAE Memecylon insulare A. & R.Fern. Endemism: Endemic Status: VU D2 Distribution: Manhica Ammania elate R.Fern. Endemism: Endemic Status: VU D2 Distribution: Inhambane Digitaria megasthenes Goetgh. Endemism: Endemic On recent sandstones. Status: VU D2 Distribution: Zambézia Endemism: Endemic In marshy places of riverbanks. Pseudosbeckia swynnertonii (E.G.Baker) A. & Distribution: Niassa, Zambézia R.Fern. Status: VU D2

EXTINCT & THREATENED 51 POLYGALACEAE STERCULIACEAE VISCACEAE

Polygala francisci Exell Cola mossambicensis Wild Viscum littoreum Polhill & Wiens Status: VU D2 Status: VU A1a Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic? Distribution: Manhica, Inhambane Threats: Agriculture Distribution: Cabo Delgado? Open bush in white sand and on the edges of dense Distribution: Zambézia, Manhica Also possibly in Tanzania. mixed woodland. The main subpopulations occur in Mozambique. In evergreen forest up to about 600 m (above this altitude replaced by C. greenwayi). The species is said to be VITACEAE RHIZOPHORACEAE rare. Apparently also in Malawi. Cissus bathyrhakodes Werderm. Cassipourea obovata Alston Dombeya lastii K.Schum. Status: VU D2 Status: VU D2 Status: VU B1B2cD2 Distribution: Zambézia, Manhica e Sofala Distribution: Cabo Delgado Endemism: Endemic In two localities in coastal/central Mozambique. Also in Known only from the type (collected in 1911). Distribution: Zambézia Tanzania.

Dombeya leachii Wild Cyphostemma barbosae Wild & R.B.Drumm. RUBIACEAE Status: VU B1B2D2 Status: EN B1B2cC2b Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Anthospermum ammannioides S.Moore Distribution: Nampula Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion Status: VU D2 On inselbergs. Distribution: Maputo Endemism: Near-endemic? The locality of this species is known to be degraded and Distribution: Manhica Sterculia appendiculata K.Schum. ex Engl. under considerable human pressure. Chimanimani endemic. Found at forest edges. Known Status: VU A1ad from very high altitudes. (2,300 m). In Zimbabwe, it is Threats: Harvesting Cyphostemma trachyphyllum (Werderm.) known from Stonehenge Plateau. Distribution: Tete, Manhica e Sofala Descoings Under pressure for firewood, timber for local construc- Status: VU D2 Anthospermum vallicola S.Moore tion; regeneration difficult. Regarded as being of Distribution: Cabo Delgado Status: VU D2 secondary quality. In coastal and riverine forest. Also One locality in northern Mozambique. In sandy soils, Endemism: Near-endemic known from Malawi (lower ) and the former and also found in coastal Tanzania. Distribution: Sofala Tanganyika area. Modest reduction in the abundance of Known only from the summit of Mount Peni of the this species. Chimanimanis in Zimbabwe. Altitude of 1,700–2,600 m. It is found in scrub dominated by Erica species. Sterculia quinqueloba (Garcke) K.Schum. Status: VU A1ad Conostomium gazense Verdc. Threats: Harvesting aplanatus Vorster Status: VU D2 Distribution: Gaza, Inhambane, Manhica e Sofala Status: EN A1acdB1B2abcd Endemism: Endemic Under pressure for firewood, timber for local construc- Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Gaza tion, regeneration difficult. Regarded as being of Threats: Collection The ecology of this species is unknown. secondary quality. Modest reduction in the abundance Distribution: Maputo of this species. Grows in other countries. Also found in Swaziland. This species was described Oldenlandia verrucitesta Verdc. from a population of about six individuals near the Status: VU D2 Swaziland–Mozambique border. Subsequently, several Endemism: Endemic TURNERACEAE subpopulations have been found. There are at least MOZAMBIQUE Distribution: Zambézia 2,000 individuals remaining in the wild in Mozambique. Thin soil over rock. Tricliceras auriculatum (A. & R.Fern.) R.Fern. More than 50% of the population has been poached. Status: VU D2 Age-class structure is skewed. Globally, this species is Spermacoce kirkii (Hiern) Verdc. Endemism: Endemic considered VU A1acdB1B2abcdeC2a. Status: VU B1B2cD2 Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Endemism: Endemic On granitic rocks. Encephalartos chimanimaniensis R.A.Dyer & Distribution: Inhambane, Sofala I.Verd. Open shady places near the seashore. Often associated Tricliceras elatum (A. & R.Fern.) R.Fern. Status: EN C2a with mangroves. Status: VU D2 Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic Threats: Collection Distribution: Nampula Distribution: Manhica RUTACEAE From savanna, xerophytic scrub on sandy soils. Chimanimani Mountain endemic, where it is associated with schist and quartzite at slightly higher altitudes Fagara schlechteri Engl. Tricliceras lanceolatum (A. & R.Fern.) R.Fern. than E. manikensis. The species is also known from Status: VU B1B2cD2 Status: VU D2 Zimbabwe where it is now thought to be extinct. Global Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic status is EN A1adC2a. Threats: Habitat degradation Distribution: Manhica, Nampula Distribution: Maputo, Inhambane In open Brachystegia forest or sandy or clay sands near Encephalartos lebomboensis I.Verd. Coastal dunes. the coast. Status: CR A1acdeB1B2abcde Endemism: Near-endemic Tricliceras longipedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. Threats: Collection SAPINDACEAE eratense R.Fern. Distribution: Maputo Status: VU D2 Also known from South Africa and Swaziland. A very Allophylus mossambicensis Exell Endemism: Endemic small proportion of the global distribution range is in Status: VU B1B2cD2 Distribution: Nampula Mozambique. Poor recruitment observed at the known Endemism: Endemic Along river margins. subpopulations in Mozambique. The species is probably Distribution: Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane not more widely distributed in Mozambique. Most of the Forest, including sacred forest. Found in coastal dunes, are old and scattered in their distribution. mixed forests and forest margins. VAHLIACEAE Globally, it is categorised as EN A1acdB1B2cdC2a.

Deinbollia borbonica Scheff. Vahlia capensis (L.f.) Thunb. subsp. macrantha Encephalartos munchii R.A.Dyer & I.Verd. Status: VU A2cB1B2bcD2 (Klotzsch) Bridson Status: CR A1dB1B2eC2bD Distribution: Nampula Status: VU D2 Endemism: Endemic Recently recorded as being common around Moma in Endemism: Endemic Threats: Collection mining concession areas. Also in Tanzania, Kenya and Threats: Damming Distribution: Manhica Somalia. Distribution: Zambézia Known only from a single, very distinctive locality in Collected along sand banks. Mozambique. The species has been heavily poached to

52 EXTINCT & THREATENED near extinction during the last few years. Only a few The only known locality of this species is extremely Threats: Collection individuals remain. inaccessible. Few individuals now remain at this locality Distribution: Maputo as collectors have recently illegally removed many It is usually found in hot, dry river valleys. Also known Encephalartos ngoyanus I.Verd. individuals. from Swaziland. Globally, it is considered VU Status: CR C2aD A1cdB1B2cdC2a. Threats: Collection Encephalartos senticosus Vorster Distribution: Maputo Status: CR B1B2ae Stangeria eriopus (Kuntze) Baill. The distribution of this species is centred in South Endemism: Near-endemic Status: VU C2bD1D2 Africa and Swaziland, and reaches the end of its range Threats: Collection Threats: Collection in southern Mozambique. Grows in a grassy habitat. No Distribution: Maputo Distribution: Maputo? threats are evident at the known localities. Globally, it This species is also known from South Africa and Locality fairly safe. Also known from South Africa. is categorised as VU B1B2c. Swaziland. The population in Mozambique has declined Global status is LR-nt. to alarmingly low levels. Globally, it is considered as VU Encephalartos pterogonus R.A.Dyer & I.Verd. A1cd. Status: CR A1dB1B2eC2bD Endemism: Endemic Encephalartos umbeluziensis R.A.Dyer Threats: Collection Status: CR A2cB1B2abcde Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Endemism: Near-endemic

MOZAMBIQUE

Ribaue granite hills are nodes for biodiversity. (Photo: J. Burrows)

EXTINCT & THREATENED 53 LOWER RISK

Over-exploitation for local construction industry and for ACANTHACEAE COMBRETACEAE exportation. Widespread in Mozambique.

Sclerochiton apiculatus Vollesen Combretum lasiocarpum Engl. & Diels Millettia stuhlmannii Taubert Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Distribution: Maputo Endemism: Endemic Threats: Forestry exploitation Common in vast numbers along roadsides in the rainy Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia, Niassa Over-exploitation for local construction industry and for season. Also in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Limited In dry deciduous tree or shrub savanna at lower exportation. Widespread in Mozambique. global distribution. altitudes. LORANTHACEAE ALOACEAE CRASSULACEAE Agelanthus igneus (Danser) Polhill & Wiens ballii Reynolds Kalanchoe hametiorum Raym.-Hamet Status: LR-nt Status: LR-lc Status: LR-nt Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Manhica Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Cabo Delgado Grows hanging down sheer rock faces. In South Africa, Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Also in Tanzania. Swaziland and Zimbabwe. Limited distribution range. The type is from Nampula, collected in 1963. Found amongst rocks. LYTHRACEAE ANACARDIACEAE DICHAPETALACEAE Nesaea linearis Hiern Ozoroa reticulata (Baker f.) R. & A.Fern. subsp. Status: LR-lc faveolata R. & A.Fern. Dichapetalum barbosae Torre Endemism: Endemic Status: LR-nt Status: LR-lc Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Near-endemic Widespread in Mozambique. On clay soil. Distribution: Nampula, Niassa, Cabo Delgado, Tete Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Zambézia, Manhica e Found in dense, xerophytic closed forest. Sofala Found in dry bush and on margins of rivers. Recently MELIACEAE recorded in Tanzania. ANNONACEAE Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. Status: LR-lc Xylopia torrei N.Robson EUPHORBIACEAE Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Gaza, Inhambane, Cabo Status: LR-nt Delgado, Nampula, Niassa Endemism: Endemic? Jatropha scaposa Radcl.-Sm. Known from the following countries: Angola, Cameroon, Distribution: Gaza, Inhambane Status: LR-lc Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, DR Congo, Ghana, Liberia, Malawi, Dry forests and forest margins. Altitudes of 100–150 m. Endemism: Endemic Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, The shrub grows to about 2 m tall. Distribution: Nampula, Sofala, Maputo Zambia and Zimbabwe. Known from several collections. Found along coastal plains in sandy soil. Seems to be widespread along the APOCYNACEAE coast of Mozambique, but very little is known. MENISPERMACEAE

MOZAMBIQUE

Adenium swazicum Stapf Cissampelos hirta Klotzsch Status: LR-lc LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIOIDEAE Status: LR-lc Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Maputo Afzelia quanzensis Welw. Distribution: Inhambane, Manhica, Maputo Known from at least five localities. A Lebombo endemic. Status: LR-nt Also known from South Africa and Swaziland. Threats: Forestry exploitation Distribution: Tete, Gaza, Inhambane, Niassa, Cabo MORACEAE Delgado, Zambézia ASTERACEAE Over-exploitation for local construction industry and for Milicia excelsa Welw. exportation. Common names are ‘chanfuta’, ‘kongouwa’ Status: LR-nt Gutenbergia westii (Wild) Wild & G.V.Pope and ‘muoco’. The species grows in Tropical Africa Threats: Forestry exploitation Status: LR-nt (height to 35 m), but in Mozambique and KwaZulu- The species is being heavily harvested and exported. Endemism: Near-endemic Natal (South Africa), it grows up to 20 m. Often the Distribution: Manhica dominant species in deep sandy soil, mainly in sandveld Chimanimani endemic. Also in Zimbabwe. Found in forest. For the past 50 years, used extensively for the MYRTACEAE woodland. manufacture of plywood, panelling, parquet floors and musical instruments. A tree with a good shape can be Syzygium masukuense (Baker) R.E.Fr. subsp. obtained from seed after seven years. Found throughout pachyphyllum F.White BORAGINACEAE Mozambique. Status: LR-nt Distribution: Manhica Cordia stuhlmannii Gurke Found at 1,600 m. Also in Zimbabwe. Status: LR-lc LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE Endemism: Endemic? Distribution: Zambézia, Sofala Xylia torreana Brenan OCHNACEAE Found in thicket. Status: LR-lc Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Inhambane Ochna angustata N.Robson Found in deciduous woodland with Colophospermum Status: LR-nt CAPPARACEAE mopane. This is a widely distributed species. Also in Endemism: Endemic Zimbabwe, Zambia and South Africa. Distribution: Sofala, Zambézia Cleome bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv. The species is known only from Beira northwards in Status: LR-lc areas within 40 km of the coast Endemism: Near-endemic LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE Distribution: Sofala, Maputo, Zambézia, Gaza, Inhambane Millettia mossambicensis Gillett POACEAE It is said that the species has an extensive range in Status: LR-nt Mozambique. Also in Tanzania. Threats: Forestry exploitation Cenchrus mitis Andersson Status: LR-nt

54 LOWER RISK Distribution: Nampula Sterculia schliebenii Mildbr. Distribution: Zambézia Coastal bushland. Also in Kenya and Tanzania. Status: LR-lc Many localities are well protected by landmines and Distribution: Cabo Delgado poor road infrastructure. The biggest predicted threats Eriochloa rovumensis (Pilg.) Clayton Also in Kenya and Tanzania. are coffee and tea plantations, and possibly afforesta- Status: LR-nt tion. Recruitment is very good. Past population declines Distribution: Cabo Delgado are less than 10%. Also known from Malawi. Global Also in Tanzania. TILIACEAE status is VU A2cd.

Panicum peteri Pilg. Glyphaea tomentosa Mast. ex Oliv. Encephalartos manikensis (Gilliland) Gilliland Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Status: LR-nt Distribution: Manhica Endemism: Endemic Threats: Collection Also in Zimababwe and Tanzania. Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia, Sofala, Niassa Distribution: Manhica Occurs in deciduous woodland. Usually found on large granite inselbergs and only in Panicum pleianthum Peter river valleys in places associated with forests. It has a Status: LR-lc wider distribution than E. chimanimaniensis. Many Distribution: Maputo ZAMIACEAE unrecognised names have been given to this taxon, From southern Mozambique coastal forest. Also in such as E. tangwendle, E. bandulensis and E. Kenya and Tanzania. Encephalartos ferox Bertol.f. chinhazany, but these are treated as illegitimate Status: LR-nt names. Also known from Zimbabwe. Global status is VU Endemism: Near-endemic A1cd. RUBIACEAE Threats: Collection Distribution: Maputo Encephalartos turneri Lavranos & D.L.Goode Psychotria amboniana K.Schum. subsp. Its characteristic habitat is wide coastal sand dunes Status: LR-lc mossambicensis (Petit) Verdc. although the species has been observed at a locality Endemism: Endemic Psychotria albidocalyx-var. mosambicensis Petit almost 150 km inland. The species may need to be Threats: Collection Status: LR-nt monitored as many coastal dune areas in Mozambique Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Nampula Endemism: Endemic are earmarked for development. Also known from The species grows in shallow soils on steep, extremely Threats: Habitat degradation; human settlements KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Global status is LR-lc. inaccessible inselbergs. There are probably further Distribution: Maputo subpopulations further inland. No threats are Endemic to dune vegetation and forest at not more Encephalartos gratus Prain anticipated as areas around inselbergs are subjected to than 150 m above sea level. This species possibly occurs Status: LR-nt subsistence agriculture. Occurs in vast numbers. over a wide area. It is found in a sensitive habitat. Threats: Collection

SAPINDACEAE

Allophylus torrei Exell & Mendonça Status: LR-lc MOZAMBIQUE Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Nampula Brachystegia woodland and amongst rocks. Known from many herbarium collections.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Jamesbrittenia carvalhoi (Engl.) Hilliard Status: LR-lc Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Also in Zimbabwe.

SOLANACEAE

Solanum litoraneum A.E.Gonç. Status: LR-lc Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Inhambane, Maputo At 200 m above sea level. In the littoral vegetation of dunes. Very close to the sea.

Solanum torreanum A.E.Gonç. Status: LR-lc Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Maputo Type is from collected by Balsinhas 1466 (1969). Known only from Maputo from several collections. In dry Acacia forest, on sandy/sandy-clay soils at low altitudes, growing in ruderal places. Fairly localised.

STERCULIACEAE

Cola clavata Mast. Status: LR-lc Icuria dunensis (), a recently described monotypic tree genus Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Zambézia, Sofala from Moebase. It was described from a small coastal area that was Poorly known taxon. Also perhaps in Malawi. earmarked for development. Many more species and genera await description not only in Mozambique, but in many other southern African countries. (Drawing: W. Wessels, permission obtained from J. Wieringa)

LOWER RISK 55 DATA DEFICIENT

(east of Point 71) and a more robust form at the head Known only from the type collection (1944). The ACANTHACEAE of ‘Dead Cow Gulch’. specimen consists of immature ; no fruits available. Grows in the margins of riverine forest. Crossandra fruticulosa Lindau Aloe rupestris Baker Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Threats: Urban expansion, habitat degradation APOCYNACEAE Distribution: Maputo Distribution: Maputo Also from South Africa and Swaziland. Narrow The species is found in tall bush and amongst Carissa praetermissa Kupicha distribution range. Euphorbia and other trees. Also in South Africa and Status: DD Swaziland. Endemism: Endemic Crossandra pinguior S.Moore Distribution: Zambézia, Gaza, Inhambane Status: DD Aloe suffulta Reynolds Reported to be rare; fewer than five localities. Known Endemism: Endemic Status: DD from forests and woodland interfaces. Distribution: Tete Threats: Urban expansion, habitat degradation Also from Zambia. Distribution: Maputo Strophanthus hypoleucos Stapf The has a long . Is a twiner. Status: DD Crossandra pyrophila Vollesen Endemism: Near-endemic? Status: DD Aloe wildii (Reynolds) Reynolds Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Found amongst rocks in woodland. Also in Tanzania. Distribution: Niassa, Zambézia Endemism: Near-endemic Also from Malawi. Distribution: Manhica Chimanimani endemic. The species has been said to be ARECACEAE Ecbolium hastatum Vollesen extremely common. Also in Zimbabwe. Status: DD Raphia australis Oberm. & Strey Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Distribution: Gaza, Inhambane AMARANTHACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic Reported to be rare. Known only from two localities in Distribution: Maputo bushland. Celosia nervosa C.C.Towns. Also in South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal). Status: DD Sclerochiton coeruleus (Lindau) S.Moore Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Distribution: Niassa, Gaza, Inhambane, Maputo ASTERACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic Unclear whether it is more widespread and overlooked, Distribution: Manhica, Inhambane, Maputo, Niassa, or genuinely with a disjunct distribution. Known from a Bothriocline morramballae (Oliv. & Hiern) O.Hoff. Zambézia, Gaza forest habitat. Status: DD Dry semi-deciduous forest, often on margins; altitude of Endemism: Endemic 10–450 m. Also known from eastern Zimbabwe. Distribution: Niassa, Zambézia ANACARDIACEAE In forests. Reported to be rare and known from fewer Sclerochiton hirsutus Vollesen than five localities. Status: DD Lannea sp. Medonça 909 Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Bothriocline steetziana Wild & G.V.Pope Distribution: Zambézia Endemism: Endemic Status: DD MOZAMBIQUE Riverine forest; altitude 1,150 m. Distribution: Cabo Delgado Endemism: Endemic Known only from the type that was collected in 1942. Distribution: Niassa, Zambézia Reported to be rare in the wild. The herbarium material Found amongst rocks in woodland. Reported to be rare ALOACEAE is insufficient for a formal taxonomic description. The and known from fewer than five localities. young leaves and the inflorescence are similar to Aloe hazeliana Reynolds L. antiscorbutia. Vernonia inhacensis G.V.Pope Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic? Lannea sp. Torre & Paiva 12146 Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica Status: DD Distribution: Gaza, Inhambane, Maputo Chimanimani endemic. Also in Zimbabwe. Collected in Endemism: Endemic Found in forests. pockets of soil in rock fissures of altitudes up to Distribution: Cabo Delgado 2,200 m. Known only from the type that was collected in 1964. Grows at altitudes of 2,200 m. The taxon is reported to BALSAMINACEAE Aloe howmanii Reynolds be uncommon in the wild. The taxon appears to be Status: DD similar to L. stuhlmanni. Impatiens balsamina L. Endemism: Near-endemic Status: DD Distribution: Manhica Rhus rehmanniana Engl. var. longecuneata R. & Endemism: Endemic Chimanimani endemic, along the Zimbabwe– A.Fern. Distribution: Niassa Mozambique border. Also in Zimbabwe. Grows hanging Status: DD Known only from one collection. down on sheer rock faces. Altitudes of 1,600–2,000 m. Endemism: Endemic Plants rarely survive in cultivation. Distribution: Maputo Found on rocky hills. Last recorded in 1947. Apparently CAPPARACEAE Aloe munchii Christian known only from the type collection. Status: DD Maerua acuminata Oliv. Endemism: Near-endemic Status: DD Distribution: Manhica ANNONACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic? Chimanimani endemic. Altitude of 1,700 m. Also in Distribution: Cabo Delgado Zimbabwe. Polyalthia mossambicensis Vollesen The species is apparently known only from the type Status: DD collection; suspected to also occur in Tanzania. It is Aloe plowesii Reynolds Endemism: Endemic uncertain whether it was collected on the Tanzanian Status: DD Distribution: Zambézia side or on the Mozambican side. Endemism: Near-endemic Found in forests. Distribution: Manhica Maerua brunnescens Wild Chimanimani endemic (known from the area along the Uvariodendron sp. Medonça 2558A Status: DD border). Also in Zimbabwe. Grows in grass amongst Status: DD Endemism: Endemic sandstone boulders. Reynolds recognised two forms— Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Sofala, Zambézia, Inhambane, Maputo shorter, narrow and more erect leaves at Martins Falls Distribution: Manhica In low-altitude dryland, often with Acacia species.

56 DATA DEFICIENT Maerua schliebenii Gilg Croton kilwae Radcl.-Sm. Status: DD CYCADACEAE Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Niassa Cycas thouarsii Gaudich. Distribution: Nampula In forests and woodlands. Also in Tanzania. Status: DD Found in forests. Also in Tanzania. Distribution: Zambézia Associated with the Valley and coastline. Euphorbia clavigera N.E.Br CHENOPODIACEAE Status: DD Distribution: Maputo Salsola sp. Mogg 29302 DICHAPETALACEAE Known from a number of localities in . Status: DD Also in South Africa and Swaziland. Associated with the Endemism: Endemic Dichapetalum deflexum (Klotzsch) Engl. . Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion, Status: DD dessication Endemism: Near-endemic Euphorbia graniticola L.C.Leach Distribution: Inhambane Distribution: Niassa, Manhica e Sofala Status: DD The type was collected in 1958. Suspected to be known In bushland. Also in Tanzania. Distribution: Manhica from an additional collection. Found in a coastal, saline habitat. Dichapetalum edule Engl. Jatropha latifolia Pax var. subeglandulosa Radcl.- Status: DD Sm. Endemism: Near-endemic Status: DD CONVOLVULACEAE Distribution: Niassa Endemism: Endemic In forests and thickets. Also in Tanzania. Distribution: Maputo Ipomoea consimilis Schulze-Menz It was collected in 1948 and is known only from a Status: DD Dichapetalum macrocarpum N.Krause single collection. It is found in wooded grassland. Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Endemism: Near-endemic Jatropha subaequiloba Radcl.-Sm. In forests and bushland habitats. Also in Tanzania. Distribution: Nampula Status: DD In Brachystegia woodland, bushland and thicket. Also Endemism: Endemic Ipomoea ephemera Verdc. in Tanzania. Distribution: Inhambane Status: DD Found in swamps and woodlands. Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia EBENACEAE Monadenium torrei L.C.Leach Not known elsewhere. Found in bushland and pans, in Status: DD dampish soil. Diospyros inhacaensis F.White Endemism: Near-endemic Status: DD Distribution: Nampula Endemism: Near-endemic In woodland amongst rocks. Also in Tanzania. CRASSULACEAE Distribution: Gaza, Inhambane, Maputo In forests. Extends into KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Phyllanthus medoncae J.F.Brunel & Radcl.-Sm. MOZAMBIQUE Crassula swaziensis Schonland var. guruensis Status: DD R.Fern. Diospyros sp. Torre, Correira & Ladeira 18965 Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic Found in grassland. Distribution: Zambézia, Nampula Distribution: Tete In South Africa and Swaziland. Collected near rivers at Known from a single specimen that was collected in Tragia glabrata (Mull.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. var. 1,600 m. 1973. Found in rocky places, on slopes at 867 m. hispida Radcl.-Sm. Status: DD MOZAMBIQUE Endemism: Endemic CUCURBITACEAE ERIOCAULACEAE Distribution: Maputo It is not known from elsewhere. It is known from dry Coccinia fernandesiana C.Jeffrey Eriocaulon infaustum N.E.Br. open bushland. Collected in 1940. Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic Tragia shirensis Prain var. glabriuscula Radcl.-Sm. Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Distribution: Manhica, Sofala Status: DD Found in forests, woodlands and thicket habitats. Also Found in rice fields. It is probably extremely common Endemism: Endemic in Tanzania. yet little known. Distribution: Nampula It is found in dry bushland. It is known only from the Eureiandra sp. R.Fern. & Perreira 242 Mesanthemum africanum Moldenke type collection. This variety occurs on the eastern limit Status: DD Status: DD of the range of the species. Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Inhambane Distribution: Manhica Known only from a single specimen collected in 1968. Chimanimani endemic. Possibly also in Zimbabwe? IRIDACEAE The specimen is sterile and in poor condition. Tritonia moggii Oberm. Momordica henriquesii Cogn. ERYTHROXLYACEAE Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Near-endemic Nectaropetalum carvalhoi Engl. Distribution: Gaza, Inhambane, Maputo Distribution: Niassa Status: DD In woodlands near the coast. In forest and Brachystegia woodland. Also in Tanzania. Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Nampula Momordica sp. Torre & Paiva 9867 Found in forests. LAMIACEAE Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Aeollanthus viscosus Ryding Distribution: Niassa EUPHORBIACEAE Status: DD Known only from the type collection (1964). In Endemism: Near-endemic Brachystegia woodland at altitudes of 280 m. Acalypha sp. Torre & Correira 14410 Distribution: Manhica Status: DD Habitat unknown. Also in Zimbabwe. Peponium sp. Torre 5578 Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Distribution: Zambézia Hemizygia flabellifolia S.Moore Endemism: Endemic Known only from this collection (1966). It is found in Status: DD Distribution: Zambézia, Tete secondary forest consisting of Brachystegia boehmii, Endemism: Near-endemic Known only from two collections (Torre 5578 collected Julbernadia globiflora, Albizia adianthifolia and Distribution: Manhica in 1934 and Perreira, Sarmanto & Marques 1720 Milletia stuhlmanii on sandy clay soil. Altitude 40 m. Chimanimani endemic. Also in Zimbabwe. collected in 1966). In moist grassland at 1,380– 1,420 m.

DATA DEFICIENT 57 Plectranthus kapatensis (R.E.Fr.) J.K.Morton Endemism: Near-endemic not consist of fruit or flowers. Collected near the coast. Status: DD Distribution: Cabo Delgado Endemism: Endemic? In woodland. Also in Tanzania. Memecylon sp. Pedro & Pedrógão 5170 Distribution: Manhica Status: DD Only known from the Chimanimanis in Mozambique. Endemism: Endemic LYTHRACEAE Distribution: Cabo Delgado Plectranthus psammophilus Codd Known only from the type (1948). The specimen is Status: DD Hionanthera graminea R.Fern. & Diniz sterile. Endemism: Near-endemic Status: DD Threats: Habitat degradation, urban expansion Endemism: Endemic Memecylon sp. Swynnerton 1074 Distribution: Maputo, Inhambane Threats: Urban expansion Status: DD Very localised in South Africa and Mozambique. No Distribution: Nampula Endemism: Endemic recent collections for Mozambique. Not recorded since 1935, could have been affected by Distribution: Manhica e Sofala the development of Nampula Town. Found in swamps. Known only from the type that was collected in a forest (1906). The fruits of the specimen are immature. LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIOIDEAE Hionanthera mossambicensis R.Fern. & Diniz Collected at 130 m altitude. Resembles M. sousae but Status: DD the leaves are smaller and glossier. Berlinia orientalis Brenan Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Threats: Urban expansion Memecylon torrei A. & R.Fern. Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Nampula Status: DD Distribution: Nampula Not recorded since 1936, could have been affected by Endemism: Endemic Found in forest and thicket. Also in Tanzania. the development of Nampula Town. Found in swamps. Distribution: Nampula Found in a coastal area on termitaria. Hionanthera torrei R.Fern. & Diniz LEGUMINOSAE: MIMOSOIDEAE Status: DD Endemism: Endemic MENISPERMACEAE Adenopodia schlechteri (Harms) Brenan Threats: Urban expansion Status: DD Distribution: Nampula Tinospora mossambicensis Engl. Endemism: Endemic Not recorded since 1937, could have been affected by Status: DD Distribution: Maputo, Manhica e Sofala the development of Nampula Town. In the soil, on Endemism: Near-endemic In thicket. rocks. Grows in forest. Also in Tanzania.

Nesaea gazensis R.Fern. LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE Status: DD MORACEAE Endemism: Endemic Aeschynomene aphylla Wild Distribution: Gaza Ficus muelleriana C.C.Berg Status: DD Mud in riverbed. Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic? Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica Threats: Urban expansion, agriculture Chimanimani endemic. Also in Zimbabwe? MALPIGHIACEAE Distribution: Manhica Known only from two localities in Mozambique; Baphia macrocalyx Harms Thespesiopsis mossambicensis Exell & Hillcoat surrounding habitat is miombo (Uapaca and Status: DD Status: DD Brachystegia microphylla). Found on hilltops and Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic slopes in sandy loams. The species is a climbing, Distribution: Nampula Distribution: Nampula scrambling fig. Also in Zimbabwe. Found in a variety of habitats. Also in Tanzania. Found in forest. MOZAMBIQUE Ficus scassellatii Pamp. Indigofera fulgens Baker Triaspis suffulta Launert Status: DD Status: DD Status: DD Threats: Habitat degradation Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Sofala, Zambézia Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Inhambane, Gaza, Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Also known from Zimbabwe, Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania Zambézia Found in bushland. and further afield. Possibly more widely distributed in The type is from Mozambique/Tanzania in the Rovuma Mozambique than in Zimbabwe. Mid-altitude, mixed River area. Collected in 1861 by Kirk s.n. Grows in semi-evergreen forest. Altitude of 1,000–1,850 m. thicket and sandy soils at an altitude of 500 m. Unsure MALVACEAE whether this species is known only from the type. Hibiscus rupicola Exell MYRTACEAE Indigofera kuntzei Harms Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Eugenia sp. Wild, Goldsmith & Müller 6646 Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Tete Status: DD Distribution: Cabo Delgado, Inhambane, Gaza, Amongst rocks. Locality is a small area (mountain) in a Endemism: Near-endemic Zambézia rural setting. Distribution: Manhica e Sofala In grassland. Also in Tanzania. 15 m tall tree. Endemic to Haroni–Makurupini near the Mozambique–Zimbabwe border. Grows in forest habitats. Millettia bussei Harms MELASTOMATACEAE Also in Zimbabwe. Status: DD Distribution: Cabo Delgado Memecylon sessilicarpum A. & R.Fern. Also in Tanzania. Status: DD OLEACEAE Endemism: Endemic Tephrosia aequilata Baker subsp. namuliana Distribution: Nampula Jasminium sp. Torre 4438 Brummitt Common around Moma in forests. Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Zambézia Memecylon sousae A. & R.Fern. Distribution: Zambézia Status: DD Known only from a single specimen (1942). Found in Tephrosia forbesii Baker subsp. inhacensis Endemism: Near-endemic dense scrub on river margins. Brummitt Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Maputo Status: DD Found growing in forest, bushland and thicket. Also in Olea chimanimani Kupicha Distribution: Inhambane, Gaza, Maputo Tanzania. Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Memecylon sp. Mogg 32462 Distribution: Manhica LOGANIACEAE Status: DD Also recorded from Zimbabwe. The only specimen for Endemism: Endemic Mozambique is by Dutton 77 (1973) from the Strychnos myrtoides Gilg & Busse Distribution: Nampula Chimanimanis. Known from scrub vegetation in Status: DD Known only from the type (1965). The specimen does quartzite cracks.

58 DATA DEFICIENT Enneapogon sp. Ellis 5500 Cuviera schliebenii Verdc. ORCHIDACEAE Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Gaza Endemism: Near-endemic Cyrtorchis glaucifolia Summerh. Occurs only on limestone in the Pafuri region (South Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Status: DD Africa) and probably in the adjoining area of In forests. Also in Tanzania. Endemism: Endemic Mozambique. The genus is under revision. Distribution: Nampula Cuviera tomentosa Verdc. Known only from Mozambique. Two specimens are cited, Eragrostis sericata Cope Status: DD and this species is known only from Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic in the vicinity of Ribáuè. It is epiphytic on Xerophyta, Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Cabo Delgado and found at an altitude of 500 m. Distribution: Gaza/Inhambane, Niassa Also in Tanzania. The type was collected by Gomes and Sousa (1939) at Disperis mozambicensis Schltr. an altitude of 30–100 m. Known from fewer than five Oldenlandia sp. Torre & Correira 17482 Status: DD collections. Not known from collections older than the Status: DD Endemism: Endemic 1930s. Found in sandy ground in dry forest. Distinctive Endemism: Endemic Threats: Urban expansion densely, silky-villous basal leaf sheaths. Distribution: Cabo Delgado Distribution: Sofala In soil over rocks. Found growing with Entada. The type is from the , collected in 1895 (Schlechter s.n.). Known only from the type collection. PODOCARPACEAE Pavetta catophylla K.Schum. It is stated that the species is endemic. It was found Status: DD growing amongst bushes on the riverbank. Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb. Endemism: Endemic Status: DD Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Maputo Eulophia biloba Schltr. Distribution: Gaza, Maputo Found in forests. Status: DD Southern Mozambique—. Common names Endemism: Endemic are ‘msongo’, ‘mulatchen’, ‘um-koba’. Dioecious. Pavetta gracillima S.Moore Threats: Urban expansion Widespread in the Western Cape forests (South Africa). Status: DD Distribution: Sofala This species is overutilised throughout its range. It is Endemism: Endemic The type was collected in 1895 (Schlechter s.n.) protected in the Maputo river areas. However, it is rare Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Maputo Collected at 7 m above sea level. The species is known in Mozambique. Found in gallery forests. In forests. only from this gathering. It was found in coastal vegetation. It is known only from a photograph at Kew Pavetta incana Klotzsch as the holotype was destroyed in Berlin. POLYGALACEAE Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Eulophia bisaccata Kraenzl. Polygala limae Exell Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Status: DD Status: DD In forests. Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic This species is known only from the description, which Distribution: Cabo Delgado Pavetta klotzschiana K.Schum. lacks a drawing or an exact locality. Known only from The type only is known. Status: DD MOZAMBIQUE the type specimen and collected by Junod. No other Endemism: Endemic information available. Polygala torrei Exell Possibly found in forests. Status: DD Eulophia petersii Reichb.f. Endemism: Endemic Pavetta mocambicensis Bremek. Status: DD Distribution: Maputo Status: DD Distribution: Tete It is a perenial herb of dry pasture grass in dry open Endemism: Endemic? Occurring mainly in sandy areas and in swamps during bush. Could be a weed? Distribution: Nampula rainy seasons. Likely to be on the mainland (Nampula).

Habenaria hirsutissima Summerh. RESTIONACEAE Pavetta pumila N.E.Br. Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Restio quartziticola H.P.Linder Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica Status: DD Distribution: Manhica e Sofala The type was collected 10 km from Mutuali by Gomes & Endemism: Near-endemic Possibly found in forests. Sousa, on the Mutuali– Road in 1954. The Distribution: Manhica species is known only from this collection. Also in Zimbabwe. Pavetta revoluta Hochst Status: DD Habenaria mossambicensis Schltr. Endemism: Endemic Status: DD RHAMNACEAE Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Maputo Endemism: Endemic Possibly found in forests. Threats: Urban expansion Ziziphus pubescens Oliv. subsp. glabra Distribution: Inhambane R.B.Drumm. Pavetta tendaguruensis Bremek. The type was collected 16 km from Beira in 1895. The Status: DD Status: DD holotype was destroyed in Berlin. It is not known from Distribution: Gaza Endemism: Near-endemic elsewhere. This is a shrub or small tree up to 4 m tall. It is said to Distribution: Nampula be rare. In forests and grasslands. Known from four localities. Liparis hemipiloides Schltr. Also in Tanzania. Status: DD Endemism: Endemic RUBIACEAE Pseudomussaenda mozambicensis Verd. Threats: Urban expansion Status: DD Distribution: Inhambane Buchnera namuliensis Skan Endemism: Endemic The type was collected in 1898 from the Mozambique Status: DD Distribution: Nampula Company area at 25 Mile Station, in “primeval” forest Endemism: Endemic Collected amongst rocks. Known only from single at Dondo at 30 m. This species is incompletely known. Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Zambézia locality. The holotype was destroyed in Berlin. In swamps. Psychotria sp. Balsinhas 1376 Canthium racemulosum S.Moore Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Endemic POACEAE Distribution: Cabo Delgado Distribution: Inhambane Also in Tanzania. Known only from the type (1968). Found in littoral Brachiaria sp. Ellis 6094 dunes. Status: DD Coffea zanguebariae Lour. Distribution: Maputo Status: DD Psydrax micans (Bullock) Bridson Also in South Africa and Swaziland. Distribution: Niassa, Manhica e Sofala, Nampula Status: DD Also in Tanzania and eastern Zimbabwe. Distribution: Cabo Delgado Also known from Tanzania.

DATA DEFICIENT 59 Psydrax moggii Bridson Status: DD TILIACEAE VITACEAE Endemism: Endemic Found in swamps and forests. No other information Grewia conocarpa K.Schum. Cyphostemma amplexum (Baker) Descoings available. Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Near-endemic Spermacoce schlechteri K.Schum. Distribution: Niassa Distribution: Nampula Status: DD Coastal districts, either in thickets or in forest patches; Altitude of 50 m. Also recorded in Tanzania. Endemism: Endemic? collected along the Tanzanian border. Distribution: Nampula, Inhambane, Zambézia There is a specimen from Tanzania with which it may be Grewia hornbyi Wild GENTIANACEAE conspecific. Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Faroa involucrata (Klotzsch) Knoblauch Triainolepis sancta Verdc. Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Maputo Status: no status Status: DD In woodland. Endemism: Endemic Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Nampula, Zambézia Distribution: Manhica e Sofala Grewia limae Wild Found growing amongst rocks. In woodlands and thicket. Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Cabo Delgado RUTACEAE Small tree of coastal woodlands. Possibly also in Tanzania. Teclea crenulata (Engl.) Engl. Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Known only from a single collection (Stuhlmann 562).

Vepris allenii Comm. ex. A.Juss. Status: DD Distribution: Niassa It is recorded from the hills. It is known only from the north of Mozambique and possibly the old Tanganyika area. The species is known from dry deciduous forests, and has a very narrow distribution. Record by Daw 68 (1912) is possibly the only collection.

SAPINDACEAE

Allophylus chirindensis Baker f. Status: DD Distribution: Manhica Also in Zimbabwe. 15 m tall tree with a silver-grey bark. In medium-altitude evergreen forest.

MOZAMBIQUE SCROPHULARIACEAE

Striga diversifolia P.Lima Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Nampula Known only from a single locality.

SOLANACEAE

Solanum litoraneum A.E.Gonç. Status: DD Distribution: Inhambane The type is from Inhaca (Maputo) by Mogg 27597 (1957). The shrub is 0.2–1.0 m tall. Grows in littoral vegetation of dunes, in thickets or margins of dense bushland and bushes beside the seashore. Known from many collections.

STERCULIACEAE

Cola discoglypremnophylla Brenan & Jones Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Nampula In forests. Known from fewer than five localities. Also in Tanzania.

Hermannia micropetala Harv. Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Manhica e Sofala, Gaza, Inhambane, Maputo Habitat unknown. Inhamitanga Forest, Mozambique. (Photo: J. Burrows)

60 DATA DEFICIENT