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Live at the Fly Olympics Live at the fly Olympics Pete Boardman Winston Churchill Fellow 2018 Live at the fly Olympics – Boardman, 2019 Alternative title – The dissemination of African craneflies housed in the Smithsonian Institution Copyright © January 2019 by Pete Boardman The moral right of the author has been asserted. The views and opinions expressed in this report and its content are those of the author and not of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust, which has no responsibility or liability for any part of the report. Cover photo: cranefly from the collections of the Smithsonian Institution 2 | P a g e Live at the fly Olympics – Boardman, 2019 Contents Executive Summary …………………..…………………………………………………………… 4 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Background to the project – “Why craneflies?” ..................................... 5 Background to the project – “Why WCMT?” ........................................... 8 Background to the project – My bid ....................................................... 9 Pre-travel blog ......................................................................................... 9 Implementation …………………………………………………………………………………….10 Phase One – USA, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. …….…………..10 Phase Two – Southern Africa, International Congress of Dipterology, Windhoek, Namibia ……………………………………………………………………………….13 Results …………………………………………………………………………………………………15 Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. ……………………………………………..15 International Congress of Dipterology, Windhoek, Namibia ………………….17 Next steps ……………………………………………………………………………………………..19 Conclusions …………………………………………………………………. 19 Acknowledgments ………………………………………………………………………………..20 Glossary………………….. …………………………………………………………………………21 About the author ………………………………………………………………………………….21 About the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust………………………………21………. Appendix I – Results from time at the Alexander cranefly collection at the Smithsonian Institution ………………………………………………………………22 Appendix II – The author’s talk at ICD9 ………………………………………………….26 3 | P a g e Live at the fly Olympics – Boardman, 2019 Executive summary Funding from the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust and the Frank Jackson Foundation enabled the author to travel to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C. to use the Charles P. Alexander cranefly collection during October 2018, then to Windhoek in Namibia to disseminate findings at the International Congress of Dipterology (ICD9) (25th – 30th November 2018). Studies in Washington D.C. led to the discovery of approximately 18 species of cranefly (daddy long legs) gifted to the author from Cameroon that were new to science, and a further 14 species that whilst known to science, were new to Cameroon, having not been recorded there before. An outline talk describing the background to the project and the process of identification of fly specimens undergone in Washington D.C. was given as part of the International Congress of Dipterology (ICD9) in Windhoek, Namibia. The Congress was attended by 279 people from 61 countries and was the biggest scientific conference ever held in Namibia. A range of talks in the UK are now planned to disseminate findings and learning amongst entomologists and others over the next 12 months. Following the submission of this report the author will begin describing the new cranefly species to science, including one which will be named in honour of Winston Churchill to acknowledge the support of the WCMT, and publishing details of new species to Cameroon. 4 | P a g e Live at the fly Olympics – Boardman, 2019 Introduction Background to the project – “Why craneflies?” The first question I faced as I sat in the offices of the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust visibly shaking before the interview panel on January 27th 2018 was “why craneflies?” Why indeed? The background to my bid to WCMT began in 2008 when I worked for the environmental educational charity The Field Studies Council. At that time I was working on a cranefly distribution atlas of the English county of Shropshire (Vice County 40)1. This was a bold endeavour as there are few groups of insects outside of the more charismatic insect fauna (butterflies and dragonflies) that have sufficient knowledge available to make such assessments at county level. I had spent some time collecting specimens and identifying them in the grand tradition of the UK amateur entomologist and was now ready to start my atlas. This had come to the attention of a fellow entomological volunteer David Pryce, working on a different group of insects, who had recently been to Cameroon with the British Dragonfly Society as part of ongoing studies through the Cameroon Dragonfly Project2. The project had used Malaise Traps (flight interception traps) to catch insects at two sites near Mount Kupe in the Nyasoso District (Western Cameroon) and were looking for people to help identify the by-catch. He visited me with several tubes of craneflies that had been separated out of the catch and had been stored in 70% ethanol. He handed them over with the now much regaled comment – “here’s something for your retirement!” At that time in my entomological development I was not sufficiently experienced to tackle them. Most entomologists who go on to work on international faunas go through a development process lasting at least a decade that starts with examining local or regional species, then national species, and then international species once they have mastered the fauna of their own country. I was then at the “local” stage in this development model. I suppose this is the entomological equivalent of the 10,000 hours of practice theory as popularised by Malcolm Gladwell3 and others. I therefore put the tubes in a drawer and promptly forgot about them. Fast forward to 2014. I attended my first International Congress of Dipterology (ICD8) which was held in Potsdam, Germany. I’ve called this project ‘Live at the fly Olympics’ as these events are very like the Olympic Games. There is a bidding process that takes place. The event occurs every four years on a different continent, and attracts the best proponents in their particular fields of fly expertise. WCMT funded me to travel to ICD9 in Windhoek, Namibia, and ICD10 will be held in 2022 in Sacramento, California. Unlike the actual Olympic Games it is not marred by doping, bribery, and corruption, or at least not to my knowledge. ICD8 in Potsdam was the moment I became an international dipterist and on my return home I decided to retrieve my Cameroonian flies and try to identify them. It soon became apparent that this was not going to be easy for reasons that will become evident within this report. 1 - Boardman, P. 2008. A Provisional Account of the Craneflies of Shropshire. Oswestry. Boardman 2 - https://dragonflyfund.org/images/reports/IDF_Report_04_komplett.pdf 3 - Gladwell, Malcolm, 1963-. Outliers : The Story of Success. New York :Little, Brown and Co., 2008. 5 | P a g e Live at the fly Olympics – Boardman, 2019 Fig 1 - Still frame from ‘Live at the fly Olympics’ GIF used in publicity for my WCMT project courtesy of ‘Inkvertebrate’ So why craneflies? Most people encounter craneflies (or daddy-long-legs as members of the public usually call them) once a year when they enter the house on a warm late August or early September evening and fly around the lights. There is often a short period of media frenzy associated with this annual event as I found out in my role as one of the Cranefly Recording Scheme’s organisers this year, and I subsequently spoke to the three journalists in a week about them, with the story syndicated to a national newspaper (who incidentally confused craneflies with spiders and harvestman in the space of a short column and exaggerated somewhat) (Fig. 2). 4 5 Fig 2 – craneflies in the media 4 - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-27206796 5 - https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/sex-crazed-daddy-long-legs-13252346 6 | P a g e Live at the fly Olympics – Boardman, 2019 Craneflies are an important group of flies that have can have an economic impact on grasslands; but they also are an important source of food for many birds and comprise a large part of the diet of starlings Sturnus vulgaris 6 and a whole range of other species, particularly upland birds and some of our more uncommon bats7. There is a minor role for a small number of craneflies in pollination, but this shouldn’t be overstated. 337 species occur in the United Kingdom and several are listed as extinct, threatened, or vulnerable and in need of conservation management or protection in the IUCN Status Review of Craneflies that is currently being drafted8. Generally the public are exposed to a single species, the common daddy long legs Tipula paludosa (see Fig. 3), and the 336 other species go about their business unseen or unnoticed. Fig 3 - Tipula paludosa (photo: Pete Boardman) Whilst in the UK and most of Western Europe we know a good amount about the cranefly fauna that resides here, such as the ecological requirements of species, and their distribution, we cannot say the same for much of the African fauna. There are several African countries without any known cranefly records, and most cranefly faunas are severely under-researched / under-worked. This is true of Cameroon which had a known list of 88 accepted species9 at the date of my Fellowship award. The most productive era of cranefly discovery was during the early to mid C20th when British, Belgian, French, and German dipterists were responsible for the majority of fieldwork undertaken. Many of these sent their cranefly specimens to the American cranefly taxonomist Charles P. Alexander for identification, of whom we will discover more shortly. 7 | P a g e Live at the fly Olympics – Boardman, 2019 Background to the project – “Why WCMT?” It was suggested to me by my line manager at my current employer (Natural England) that I apply to the WCMT for a Fellowship to enable me to begin my study of Cameroonian and the wider Afrotropical species. There have been a number of successful applications by Natural England staff over the years and WCMT Fellowship is very much valued as a personal development opportunity. Any study of African or world craneflies quickly encounters Charles Paul Alexander (1889 – 1981).
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