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Diptera: Tipulomorpha: Limoniidae) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228875800 Systematics Of The Neotropical Species Of Styringomyia Loew (Diptera: Tipulomorpha: Limoniidae) Article in Zootaxa · August 2003 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.253.1.1 CITATIONS READS 6 171 1 author: Guilherme Ribeiro Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) 23 PUBLICATIONS 236 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: 45 Tons into the past: Estimating paleobiodiversity of the Crato Formation (Aptian, Cretaceous, NE Brazil) based on a known amount of sediment. View project Insects of the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous of Brazil): taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology View project All content following this page was uploaded by Guilherme Ribeiro on 09 May 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Zootaxa 253: 1-35 (2003) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 253 Copyright © 2003 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Systematics of the Neotropical species of Styringomyia Loew (Diptera: Tipulomorpha: Limoniidae) GUILHERME CUNHA RIBEIRO Pós-Graduação em Entomologia. Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP-Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil ([email protected]) Contents Abstract ...................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................... 2 Materialandmethods............................................................ 3 Morphology of the genus Styringomyia .............................................. 3 Key to the males of Neotropical Styringomyia species .................................10 Styringomyia americana Alexander, 1914, nomen dubium .......................... 11 Styringomyia dorsolineata Alexander, 1945, nomen dubium ......................... 11 Styringomyia mystica Alexander,1945..........................................13 Styringomyia youngi sp.n. ...................................................16 Styringomyia atlantica sp.n...................................................18 Styringomyia paulista Alexander,1946..........................................19 Styringomyia simplex Alexander,1945..........................................20 Styringomyia maya sp.n. ....................................................22 Styringomyia amazonica sp.n. ...............................................24 Styringomyia manauara sp.n. ................................................ 26 Phylogeny....................................................................27 Acknowledgements ............................................................33 References ................................................................... 33 Appendix ....................................................................35 Abstract The Neotropical species of Styringomyia (Diptera: Limoniidae) are revised. S. americana Alex- ander, 1914 and S. dorsolineata Alexander, 1945 are considered nomina dubia. S. mystica Alex- ander, 1945, S. simplex Alexander, 1945 and S. paulista Alexander, 1946 are redescribed and illustrated in detail. Five new species, S. amazonica sp. n., S. atlantica sp. n., S. maya sp. n., S. manauara sp.n.andS. youngi sp. n. are described and illustrated. A cladistic analysis of the recog- Accepted: 21 July 2003; published: 1 August 2003 1 ZOOTAXA nizable species (S. americana and S. dorsolineata excluded) is performed. A cladogram is produced 253 with the topology ((S. maya sp.n.(S. simplex + S. amazonica sp. n.)) (S. manauara sp.n.((S. mys- tica + S. youngi sp. n.) (S. paulista + S. atlantica sp. n.)))). Key words: Styringomyia, Limoniidae, Diptera, taxonomy, systematics Introduction The limoniid genus Styringomyia was erected by Loew (1845) for S. venusta Loew, based on a single female specimen preserved in copal from an unknown locality of Africa. Soon after, Loew (1850) described S. gracilis from Baltic amber. It was only in the beginning of the twentieth century that the first recent Styringomyia, S. didyma Grimshaw, 1901 was described, from Hawaii. Since then, the knowledge about the world diversity of the genus has increased with the description of four additional fossil species (Cockerell, 1917; Cock- erell & Haines, 1921; Podenas & Poinar, 1999, 2001) and about 150 extant species from Neotropical, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian-Oceanian regions. Nevertheless, it is still Edwardss (1914) paper, dealing with no more than 23 species known in that time, the most comprehensive taxonomic revision made with the group to date. Nothing is known about the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus, and its affinities to other Limoniidae genera has not been well established. Edwards (1914: 206) called attention for the several peculiarities of structures that give to this genus a most isolated position among the Tipulidae (Tipulidae sensu lato, equaling Tipulomor- pha of the system used herein). Edwards (1924) remarked on a close proximity of Styrin- gomyia to the genus Teucholabis based on the morphology of the pupae without, however, giving further details. Alexander (1920) erected for Styringomyia the tribe Styringomyini, but later (Alexander, 1947), transferred it to the Styringomyaria, a subtribe of Eriopterini within the Tipulidae sensu lato. Hynes (1987, 1990), refused the necessity of placing the genus in any special tribe or subtribe, placing it in the already erected subtribe Eriopteraria Alexander in the Eriopterini. The only effort to elucidate the systematic position of Styrin- gomyia using phylogenetic methods was made by Oosterbroek & Theowald (1991), who placed the genus at the base of the so-called higher Eriopterinae clade, based on the pres- ence, in the larvae, of reduced head capsule compared with the more massive head capsule of the lower Eriopterinae. Prior to the present paper, five species of Styringomyia have been described for the Neotropical region: S. americana Alexander, 1914 has been nominally recorded for Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador and Bolivia; S. dorsolineata Alexander, 1945 has been recorded for Ecuador; S. mystica Alexander, 1945, was recorded for Peru, and S. simplex Alexander, 1945, for Peru, Guyana and Bolivia. Finally, a single species, S. paulista Alexander, 1946, was recorded for Brazil, known only from its type locality in the southeastern region of the country (Alexander, 1947; Alexander & Alex- ander 1970). 2 © 2003 Magnolia Press RIBEIRO This paper presents a revision of the Neotropical species of the genus Styringomyia. ZOOTAXA Five new species are described, and the phylogenetic relationships among the species are 253 investigated using cladistic methodology. Material and methods The material of this study belongs to the collections of the Museu de Zoologia da Univer- sidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA), National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA (USNM), Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pitts- burgh, PA, USA (CMNH), and The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA (ANSP). Informationonthespecimensexaminedaregiveninthesectionsdealingwiththe descriptions of their corresponding species. Data from specimen labels are in italics, and additional information and notes (e. g, geographical coordinates and depositaries) are given within parenthesis. Condition of preservation of holotypes is mentioned. Measurements were taken in microscopes with ocular reticules, and are given in milli- meters. Illustrations were made with drawing tubes attached to both stereoscopic and com- pound microscopes. Photographs were taken with a digital camera attached to a stereoscopic microscope. Descriptive terminology follows McAlpine (1981). Parsimony analysis was performed using PAUP (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsi- mony) version 4.0b10 (Swofford, 2002). Inapplicable, non-comparable, and unobserved character states were treated as missing data, and coded in the data matrix (Table III) as -, *,and?, respectively. Searching for the most parsimonious cladograms were made with the exact algorithm Branch and Bound. Characters were polarized a posteriori with root- ing following the out-group method revised by Nixon & Carpenter (1993). Character anal- yses were performed in MacClade version 3.08 (Maddison & Maddison, 1999). Details on decisions about character coding, ordering and weighting are given in the discussion of the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Morphology of the genus Styringomyia The diagnostic features of Styringomyia were redescribed by Edwards (1914, 1924). His descriptions, in several aspects reproduced by Alexander (1972), are accurate and rela- tively detailed, allowing the recognition of the main morphological attributes of the group. In the discussion below, the general characters of Styringomyia are dealt with, emphasiz- ing the morphology of the Neotropical species and structures not detailed described by Edwards (1914, 1924). The characters discussed hold constant through the studied taxa and will not be repeated in the individual species descriptions. The morphology of the male terminalia furnishes the most useful and decisive characters for recognition and com- NEOTROPICAL STYRINGOMYIA © 2003 Magnolia Press 3 ZOOTAXA parison of species of the Neotropical fauna. The species descriptions are almost restricted 253 to the diagnostic characters of
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