De Ambiguïteit Van Effectiviteit
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Jocelyn Krusemeijer, Master Thesis Final Version Igitur
Stories from the shade Dutch women in the Nazi East Jocelyn K. Krusemeijer (8533296), 28 June 2013 [email protected] Master thesis Cultural history Utrecht University Supervisors: Geraldien von Frijdag Drabbe Künzel, Willemijn Ruberg Index Introduction 3 Chapter 1 The image of women within the NSB and NSVO 14 Chapter 2 The Nazi East 23 Chapter 3 Nederlandsche Oost Compagnie (NOC) 28 Chapter 4 About women, husbands, fathers, brothers and lovers 40 Chapter 5 Who is following whom and other stories 50 Chapter 6 Conclusion 63 Appendix 67 Overview literature, archives and websites 69 2/71 Introduction Denn die einen sind im Dunkeln Und die andern sind im Licht Und man sieht die im Lichte Die im Dunkeln sieht man nicht Bertolt Brecht 1 The invisibility mentioned by Bertolt Brecht - the German author and playwright - is applicable to various and diverse groups in Dutch society and doubtlessly in other societies as well. As pointed out by the American historian Joan W. Scott, class, race and also gender play a role in determining whether people are hidden in the shadows - not necessarily being shady themselves - or performing in the limelight - not necessarily being bright and shiny.2 This paper is devoted to one of the groups in the shade, constituted by Dutch women who went voluntarily to the Nazi East during the Second World War in the framework of the Dutch contribution to Hitlers quest for Lebensraum. Starting in 1942 the Nederlandsche Oost Compagnie (NOC) (Dutch East Company) sent farmers, fishers, dairy experts, agronomists, craftsmen and construction workers to Ukraine, the Baltic States and Belarus, in order to help with the colonisation of these territories which had been occupied by Nazi Germany. -
Marcel Minnaert, Astrofysicus 1893-1970
Marcel Minnaert, astrofysicus 1893-1970 De rok van het universum Leo Molenaar bron Leo Molenaar, Marcel Minnaert, astrofysicus 1893-1970. De rok van het universum. Balans, Amsterdam / Van Halewyck, Leuven 2003 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/mole016marc01_01/colofon.htm © 2007 dbnl / Leo Molenaar 4 In deze tijd heeft wat men altijd noemde Schoonheid, schoonheid haar gezicht verbrand Zij troost niet meer de mensen Zij troost de larven de reptielen de ratten Maar de mens verschrikt zij En treft hem met het besef Een broodkruimel te zijn op de rok van het universum (Uit Lucebert, ik tracht op poëtische wijze, Verzamelde gedichten, Amsterdam 2002, pag. 52) Leo Molenaar, Marcel Minnaert, astrofysicus 1893-1970 7 Proloog Marcel Minnaert (1893-1970): Erflater van de Groot-Nederlandse beschaving Er zijn heel wat mensen voor wie de naam van Minnaert nog een dierbare klank heeft. Dat geldt in ieder geval voor leraren in de natuurwetenschap die houden van waarnemingen in de vrije natuur. Mijn eerste kennismaking met hem had dan ook plaats via de Minnaert: zo heten de drie delen van De Natuurkunde van 't Vrije Veld die ik omstreeks 1970 heb aangeschaft. De eerste druk van dit boek verscheen eind jaren dertig. In de jaren negentig kwamen van het eerste deel van Minnaerts trilogie, Licht en kleur in het landschap, nieuw geïllustreerde uitgaven in het Engels en Duits op de markt naast de herdruk van de Minnaert in het Nederlands. Het is dan ook een uniek boek. Minnaert had vijfentwintig jaar lang natuurverschijnselen geobserveerd, daar aantekeningen van gemaakt en onderzoek gedaan naar de fysische verklaringen. -
COMPENDIUM 2021 Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning
Werkgroep Herkenning COMPENDIUM 1981 – 2021 ERVARINGEN VAN KINDEREN EN KLEINKINDEREN VAN ‘FOUTE OUDERS’ Gonda Scheffel-Baars Cuny Holthuis-Buve Paul Mantel Teun van der Vaart Een uitgave van de Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning Derde druk © 2021 Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning Vestigingsadres: Grotekreek 28 8032 JD Zwolle Postadres: Rijksstraatweg 193 1115 AR Duivendrecht Kamer van Koophandel: 41131339 ING BANK: NL24 INGB 0005 2857 97 Mobiel: +31 (0)6 330 57 003 E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.werkgroepherkenning.nl/ Voor actuele contactgegevens raadpleeg altijd de website: https://www.werkgroepherkenning.nl/ © Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning INHOUD Inleiding 6 0.1 Opzet van het compendium 0.2 Terminologie 0.3 Bronnenmateriaal DEEL I Hoofdstuk 1 Historische achtergronden 10 1.1 Inleiding/vooraf 1.2 De NSB in de jaren ’30 1.3 Mei 1940 en de beginjaren van de Duitse bezetting: de Nieuwe Orde 1.4 Nationaal-socialistische nevenorganisaties van de NSB: 1.4.1 De NSVO (Nat. Soc. Vrouwen Organisatie) 1.4.2 De Nationale Jeugdstorm 1.4.3 Nat. Soc. ‘fronten’ en ‘gilden’ 1.4.4 De WA (Weer Afdeling) 1.4.5 De SS 1. Nederlandse of Germaanse SS 2. Nederlandse vrijwilligers in de Waffen SS aan het Oostfront 3. Standarte ‘Westland’ 4. Standarte ‘Nordwest’ 5. Het Nederlandse Vrijwilligerslegioen 6. De Landstorm 1.4.6 De Landwacht 1.5 Dolle Dinsdag en daarna 1.6 Winter ’44 en voorjaar ’45 1.7 De arrestaties Hoofdstuk 2 Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning 31 2.1 Doelstellingen 2.2 Definiëring van de doelgroep 2.3 (Leeftijds)categorieën -
When Die Zeit Published Its Review of Decision Before Dawn
At the Front: common traitors in West German war films of the 1950s Article Accepted Version Wölfel, U. (2015) At the Front: common traitors in West German war films of the 1950s. Modern Language Review, 110 (3). pp. 739-758. ISSN 0026-7937 doi: https://doi.org/10.5699/modelangrevi.110.3.0739 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/40673/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5699/modelangrevi.110.3.0739 Publisher: Modern Humanities Research Association All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online AT THE FRONT: COMMON TRAITORS IN WEST GERMAN WAR FILMS OF THE 1950s Erst im militärischen Geheimnis kommt das Staatsgeheimnis zu sich selbst; da der Krieg als permanenter und totaler Zustand vorausgesetzt wird, läßt sich jeder beliebige Sachverhalt unter militärische Kategorien subsumieren: dem Feind gegenüber hat alles als Geheimnis und jeder Bürger als potentieller Verräter zu gelten. (HANS MAGNUS ENZENSBERGER) Die alten Krieger denken immer an die Kameraden, die gefallen sind, und meinen, ein Deserteur sei einer, der sie verraten hat. (LUDWIG BAUMANN) Introduction Margret Boveri, in the second volume of her treatise on Treason in the 20th Century, notes with respect to German resistance against National Socialism that the line between ethically justified and unethical treason is not easily drawn.1 She cites the case of General Hans Oster, deputy head of the Abwehr under Admiral Canaris. -
1 a True Story of a Scout in Times of War Part I © Piet J
1 A True Story of a Scout in Times of War Part I © Piet J. Kroonenberg, Amsterdam Prologue From May 15th, 1940 to May 5th, 1945, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was occupied by German forces. As the country is situated between the British Isles and Germany, its airspace was used by the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force when on their way from English airfields to their targets in Germany. Especially between 1943 and 1945, the Dutch saw enormous squadrons of USAF aircraft that crossed their country during the day time, whilst at night they lay listening to the roar of the RAF's bombers' engines. It was pleasing to their eyes and music to their ears. But more than 2,500 planes of the RAF and 1,750 US planes were brought down over Dutch territory. About 25% of them crashed into the Dutch coastal waters of the Zuydersea (now the Zuiderzee), which, after World War Two, was reclaimed from the sea as farming land. Many British and American crew members managed to save their lives by bailing out and parachuting to land. One out of seven was hidden by the Resistance and often, many months later, were able to report back to base in England. During and after the Battle of Arnhem, in September 1944, British paratroopers who were cut off from their units escaped into the forests and managed to contact the Dutch Underground. Most of them were hidden and later ferried across the rivers to the Liberated part of the country. -
NCH Annual Report 2019
Network of Concerned Historians NCH Annual Report 2019 http://www.concernedhistorians.org INTRODUCTION This twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Network of Concerned Historians (NCH) contains news about the domain where history and human rights intersect, in particular about the censorship of history and the persecution of historians, archivists, and archaeologists around the globe, as reported by various human rights organizations and other sources. It mainly covers events and developments of 2018 and 2019. Disclaimer. The fact that the NCH presents this news does not imply that it shares the views and beliefs of the historians and others mentioned in it. Download this report at: http://www.concernedhistorians.org/ar/19.pdf Cite this report as: Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2019 (http://www.concernedhistorians.org/ar/19.pdf). For the complete set of NCH Annual Reports, see: http://www.concernedhistorians.org/content/ar.html Or click: 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 All Annual Reports (1995–2019) were compiled by Antoon De Baets. Please send any comments to [email protected] Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2019 (2019) 2 ____________________________________________________________ AFGHANISTAN Previous Annual Report entries: 2000–2016, 2018. ALBANIA Previous Annual Report entries: 1996, 2012, 2015−2018. In May 2019, after a legal challenge by BIRN Albania (Balkan Investigative Reporting Network Albania) initiated in March 2016, an appeals court ordered the declassification of annual reports compiled by the Communist-era secret service Sigurimi in 1980–1989 and statistics on the number of Albanians under its active surveillance in that period. -
United States of America V. Erhard Milch
War Crimes Trials Special List No. 38 Records of Case II United States of America v. Erhard Milch National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, Washington, D.C. 1975 Special List No. 38 Nuernberg War Crimes Trials Records of Case II United States of America v. Erhard Milch Compiled by John Mendelsohn National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1975 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data United States. National Archives and Records Service. Nuernberg war crimes trial records. (Special list - National Archives and Records Service; no. 38) Includes index. l. War crime trials--N emberg--Milch case,l946-l947. I. Mendelsohn, John, l928- II. Title. III. Series: United States. National Archives and Records Service. Special list; no.38. Law 34l.6'9 75-6l9033 Foreword The General Services Administration, through the National Archives and Records Service, is· responsible for administering the permanently valuable noncurrent records of the Federal Government. These archival holdings, now amounting to more than I million cubic feet, date from the <;lays of the First Continental Congress and consist of the basic records of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of our Government. The presidential libraries of Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson contain the papers of those Presidents and of many of their - associates in office. These research resources document significant events in our Nation's history , but most of them are preserved because of their continuing practical use in the ordinary processes of government, for the protection of private rights, and for the research use of scholars and students. -
Ilse Stöbe (1911 - 1942) Im Widerstand Gegen Das „Dritte Reich“
Ilse Stöbe (1911 - 1942) im Widerstand gegen das „Dritte Reich“. Berlin, den 27. August 2013 (korrigierte Fassung vom 20. September 2013) Dieses Gutachten wurde vom Institut für Zeitgeschichte, München-Berlin, im Auftrag des Auswärtigen Amtes erstellt. Gemäß dem von beiden Seiten am 21. Juni 2012 geschlossenen Vertrag erstreckt sich der Gegenstand dieses Gutachtens auf: 1. Ermittlung und Darstellung aller Handlungen, Tätigkeiten und Leistungen von Frau Ilse Stöbe, die sie als Vertreterin des Widerstandes gegen das „Dritte Reich“ ausweisen. 2. biografische Einzelheiten, die für eine persönliche Verstrickung von Ilse Stöbe in Unrechtstaten sprechen, bzw. biografische Einzelheiten, die dagegen sprechen könnten, dass das Auswärtige Amt künftig Ilse Stöbe in besonderer Weise als Widerständlerin gegen den Nationalsozialismus würdigt und an sie erinnert. Einleitung Ilse Stöbe wurde am 14. Dezember 1942 vom Reichskriegsgericht wegen Landesverrats zum Tode verurteilt und am 22. Dezember 1942, nachdem Hitler persönlich eine Begnadigung abgelehnt hatte, im Gefängnis Plötzensee mit dem Fallbeil hingerichtet. Ilse Stöbe hatte tatsächlich die sowjetische Militäraufklärung mit Informationen beliefert. Ihre sterblichen Reste wurden aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach zu Forschungszwecken freigegeben, ein Grab existiert nicht. Die nutzbare Forschungsliteratur und Publizistik ist nicht sehr umfänglich und offenbart im Hinblick auf die Person Ilse Stöbes große Lücken. Die vorliegenden Darstellungen sind disparat und widersprechen sich teilweise in den Fakten -
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Nazis in the Netherlands: A social history of National Socialist collaborators, 1940-1945 Damsma, J.M. Publication date 2013 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Damsma, J. M. (2013). Nazis in the Netherlands: A social history of National Socialist collaborators, 1940-1945. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:06 Oct 2021 Nazis in the Netherlands A social history of National Socialist collaborators, 1940-1945 Josje Damsma Nazis in the Netherlands A social history of National Socialist collaborators, 1940-1945 ACADEMISCH PROEFSCRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. -
Final Report NATO Research Fellowship Prof. Dr. Holger H
Final Report NATO Research Fellowship Prof. Dr. Holger H. Herwig The University of Calgary Aggression Contained? The Federal Republic of Germany and International Security1 Two years ago, when I first proposed this topic, I had some trepidation about its relevance to current NATO policy. Forty-eight months of work on the topic and the rush of events especially in Central and East Europe since that time have convinced me both of its timeliness and of its relevance. Germany's role in SFOR in Bosnia since 1996, the very positive deployment of the German Army (Bundeswehr) in flood-relief work along the Oder River on the German- Polish border in the summer of 1997, and even the most recent revelations of neo-Nazi activity within the ranks of the Bundeswehr, have served only to whet my appetite for the project. For, I remain convinced that the German armed forces, more than any other, can be understood only in terms of Germany's recent past and the special military culture out of which the Bundeswehr was forged. Introduction The original proposal began with a scenario that had taken place in Paris in 1994. On that 14 July, the day that France annually sets aside as a national holiday to mark its 1789 Revolution, 189 German soldiers of the 294th Tank-Grenadier Battalion along with their twenty- four iron-crossed armoured personnel carriers for the first time since 1940 had marched down the Champs-Elysées in Paris. General Helmut Willmann's men had stepped out not to the tune of "Deutschland, 1 The research for this report was made possible by a NATO Research Fellowship. -
Project Oorlog
Inleiding Je gaat beginnen aan een project over de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Dit lesboek bestaat uit zes hoofdstukken en in het werkboek vind je vragen en opdrachten bij elk hoofdstuk. De Tweede Wereldoorlog was, zoals elke oorlog, een zeer heftige periode uit onze geschiedenis. Je zult dus hele nare en soms ook enge dingen gaan lezen en zien. Als je van jezelf weet dat je daar niet zo goed tegen kan, dan raad ik je aan om dit project niet te gaan doen. Hoofdstuk 0 gaat over de Eerste Wereldoorlog, de volgende vijf hoofdstukken gaan over ‘De oorlog in Nederland’, ‘De Joden in Nederland’, ‘De Tweede Wereldoorlog – Algemeen’, ‘Hoe kreeg Hitler zijn volk achter zich’ en tot slot een hoofdstuk over ‘Het leven van Hitler’. De informatie van hoofdstuk 1 t/m 5 in het lesboek komt letterlijk van de website van Ricardo Driedijk: www.geschiedenisvoorkinderen.nl Op deze site kun je ook veel informatie vinden over de Egyptenaren, de Grieken, de Romeinen en over de Middeleeuwen. Neem eens een kijkje op zijn site als die onderwerpen je interesseren! Tijd om te beginnen! 2 Hoofdstuk 0- De Eerste Wereldoorlog (1914-1918). De eerste wereldoorlog duurde 4 jaar en begon in 1914. Het was een oorlog die nog nooit zo erg was geweest als alle andere oorlogen. Vele landen raakten bij deze oorlog betrokken. Hieronder zie je een kaartje van Europa, voordat de oorlog in 1914 uitbrak. Daaronder staan alle namen van de landen. Zoals je ziet, zag de landkaart er toen heel anders uit ! Turkije bestond nog niet en was overheerst door het Osmaanse (of Ottomaanse) Rijk. -
Great True Spy Stories )
GREAT TRUE SPY STORIES ) Books by Allen Dulles Great True Spy Stories The Secret Surrender The Craft of Intelligence Germany’s Underground Can America Stay Neutral? (with Hamilton Fish Armstrong GREAT True Spy STORIES Edited by Allen Dulles A GINIGER BOOK PUBLISHED IN ASSOCIATION WITH HARPER & ROW, PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND EVANSTON ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “Stealing the Plans,” from Ten Thousand Eyes, by Richard Collier. Copy- right © 1958 by Richard Collier. Reprinted by permission of E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., and William Collins Sons & Co., Ltd. “The Spy the Nazis Missed,” by Edward P. Morgan. Reprinted by permis- sion of True, The Mans Magazine (July, 1950). Copyright 1950, Fawcett Publi- cations, Inc. Cicero—The Case of the Ambassador’s Valet,” from Operation Cicero, by L. C. Moyzisch. Copyright 1950 by L. C. Moyzisch. Reprinted by permission of Coward-McCann, Inc. “The Rise and Fall of a Soviet Agent,” by Edward R. F. Sheehan, The Saturday Evening Post, February 15, 1964. Copyright © 1964 by The Curtis Publishing Company. Reprinted by permission of the author. “The Playboy Sergeant,” from “The Playboy Sergeant Who Spied for Russia,” by Don Oberdorfer, The Saturday Evening Post, March 7, 1964. Copyright © 1964 by Don Oberdorfer. Reprinted by permission of the author and Theron Raines Agency. “The Colonel Turns West,” from The Penkovskiy Papers, by Oleg Penkovskiy, with an Introduction and Commentary by Frank Gibney. Copyright © 1965 by Doubleday & Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. “Spymaster George Washington,” from A Peculiar Service, by Corey Ford. Copyright © 1965 by Corey Ford. Reprinted by permission of Little, Brown & Co.