Marcel Minnaert, Astrofysicus 1893-1970
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Jocelyn Krusemeijer, Master Thesis Final Version Igitur
Stories from the shade Dutch women in the Nazi East Jocelyn K. Krusemeijer (8533296), 28 June 2013 [email protected] Master thesis Cultural history Utrecht University Supervisors: Geraldien von Frijdag Drabbe Künzel, Willemijn Ruberg Index Introduction 3 Chapter 1 The image of women within the NSB and NSVO 14 Chapter 2 The Nazi East 23 Chapter 3 Nederlandsche Oost Compagnie (NOC) 28 Chapter 4 About women, husbands, fathers, brothers and lovers 40 Chapter 5 Who is following whom and other stories 50 Chapter 6 Conclusion 63 Appendix 67 Overview literature, archives and websites 69 2/71 Introduction Denn die einen sind im Dunkeln Und die andern sind im Licht Und man sieht die im Lichte Die im Dunkeln sieht man nicht Bertolt Brecht 1 The invisibility mentioned by Bertolt Brecht - the German author and playwright - is applicable to various and diverse groups in Dutch society and doubtlessly in other societies as well. As pointed out by the American historian Joan W. Scott, class, race and also gender play a role in determining whether people are hidden in the shadows - not necessarily being shady themselves - or performing in the limelight - not necessarily being bright and shiny.2 This paper is devoted to one of the groups in the shade, constituted by Dutch women who went voluntarily to the Nazi East during the Second World War in the framework of the Dutch contribution to Hitlers quest for Lebensraum. Starting in 1942 the Nederlandsche Oost Compagnie (NOC) (Dutch East Company) sent farmers, fishers, dairy experts, agronomists, craftsmen and construction workers to Ukraine, the Baltic States and Belarus, in order to help with the colonisation of these territories which had been occupied by Nazi Germany. -
Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2p300278 No online items Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Processed by Ronald S. Brashear; machine-readable finding aid created by Gabriela A. Montoya Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague 1 Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Paper, 1940-1973 The Huntington Library San Marino, California Contact Information Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 Processed by: Ronald S. Brashear Encoded by: Gabriela A. Montoya © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, Date (inclusive): 1940-1973 Creator: Bowen, Ira Sprague Extent: Approximately 29,000 pieces in 88 boxes Repository: The Huntington Library San Marino, California 91108 Language: English. Provenance Placed on permanent deposit in the Huntington Library by the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection. This was done in 1989 as part of a letter of agreement (dated November 5, 1987) between the Huntington and the Carnegie Observatories. The papers have yet to be officially accessioned. Cataloging of the papers was completed in 1989 prior to their transfer to the Huntington. -
Pos(Westerbork)002 Historical Introduction Historical S 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Historical Introduction PoS(Westerbork)002 Richard Strom ASTRON Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] 50 Years Westerbork Radio Observatory, A Continuing Journey to Discoveries and Innovations Richard Strom, Arnold van Ardenne, Steve Torchinsky (eds) Published with permission of the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Chapter 1 Historical introduction Richard Strom* rom the English longbows at the battle of Crécy (1346) to Winston Chur- chill’s world war I mobilized cannon (its true identity hidden behind the Fpseudonym “[water] tank”), warfare has always pushed technological innovation to new fronts. The second world war (WWII) was no exception. It gave us technology ranging from the dynamo-powered flashlight (a Philips invention) to jet engines, and space-capable rockets (Germany’s V2), not to mention (in a completely different realm) the mass production of Penicillin. In fact, it could be argued that WWII inventions marked the inception of the modern technological era1. In the field of electronics, the war led to innovations such as radio navigation, aircraft landing systems, and radar. It was these developments which were to * ASTRON, Univer- sity of Amsterdam, have a revolutionary impact on astronomy, initially in Britain, Australia and the The Netherlands United States. But the story begins in the US, with the electronics of the 1920s and ‘30s. Figure 1. Karl G. Jansky (c. 1933) Around 1930, there was increasing interest in the use of radio frequencies for communication. One of the main players, the Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey, asked their research engineer, Karl Jansky (Figure 1), to investigate the inter- ference environment in the “short-wave” band around 20 MHz. -
COMPENDIUM 2021 Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning
Werkgroep Herkenning COMPENDIUM 1981 – 2021 ERVARINGEN VAN KINDEREN EN KLEINKINDEREN VAN ‘FOUTE OUDERS’ Gonda Scheffel-Baars Cuny Holthuis-Buve Paul Mantel Teun van der Vaart Een uitgave van de Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning Derde druk © 2021 Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning Vestigingsadres: Grotekreek 28 8032 JD Zwolle Postadres: Rijksstraatweg 193 1115 AR Duivendrecht Kamer van Koophandel: 41131339 ING BANK: NL24 INGB 0005 2857 97 Mobiel: +31 (0)6 330 57 003 E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.werkgroepherkenning.nl/ Voor actuele contactgegevens raadpleeg altijd de website: https://www.werkgroepherkenning.nl/ © Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning INHOUD Inleiding 6 0.1 Opzet van het compendium 0.2 Terminologie 0.3 Bronnenmateriaal DEEL I Hoofdstuk 1 Historische achtergronden 10 1.1 Inleiding/vooraf 1.2 De NSB in de jaren ’30 1.3 Mei 1940 en de beginjaren van de Duitse bezetting: de Nieuwe Orde 1.4 Nationaal-socialistische nevenorganisaties van de NSB: 1.4.1 De NSVO (Nat. Soc. Vrouwen Organisatie) 1.4.2 De Nationale Jeugdstorm 1.4.3 Nat. Soc. ‘fronten’ en ‘gilden’ 1.4.4 De WA (Weer Afdeling) 1.4.5 De SS 1. Nederlandse of Germaanse SS 2. Nederlandse vrijwilligers in de Waffen SS aan het Oostfront 3. Standarte ‘Westland’ 4. Standarte ‘Nordwest’ 5. Het Nederlandse Vrijwilligerslegioen 6. De Landstorm 1.4.6 De Landwacht 1.5 Dolle Dinsdag en daarna 1.6 Winter ’44 en voorjaar ’45 1.7 De arrestaties Hoofdstuk 2 Stichting Werkgroep Herkenning 31 2.1 Doelstellingen 2.2 Definiëring van de doelgroep 2.3 (Leeftijds)categorieën -
Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society
STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF KNOWLEDGE Tai, Van der Steen & Van Dongen (eds) Dongen & Van Steen der Van Tai, Edited by Chaokang Tai, Bart van der Steen, and Jeroen van Dongen Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society Ways of Viewing ScienceWays and Society Anton Pannekoek: Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society Studies in the History of Knowledge This book series publishes leading volumes that study the history of knowledge in its cultural context. It aspires to offer accounts that cut across disciplinary and geographical boundaries, while being sensitive to how institutional circumstances and different scales of time shape the making of knowledge. Series Editors Klaas van Berkel, University of Groningen Jeroen van Dongen, University of Amsterdam Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society Edited by Chaokang Tai, Bart van der Steen, and Jeroen van Dongen Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: (Background) Fisheye lens photo of the Zeiss Planetarium Projector of Artis Amsterdam Royal Zoo in action. (Foreground) Fisheye lens photo of a portrait of Anton Pannekoek displayed in the common room of the Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy. Source: Jeronimo Voss Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 434 9 e-isbn 978 90 4853 500 2 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789462984349 nur 686 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2019 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). -
Wetenschap Van Gene Zijde Geschiedenis Van De Nederlandse Parapsychologie in De Twintigste Eeuw
WETENSCHAP VAN GENE ZIJDE GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE NEDERLANDSE PARAPSYCHOLOGIE IN DE TWINTIGSTE EEUW SCIENCE FROM BEYOND HISTORY OF DUTCH PARAPSYCHOLOGY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (WITH A SUMMARY IN ENGLISH) PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR AAN DE UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS, PROF.DR. G.J. VAN DER ZWAAN, INGEVOLGE HET BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VOOR PROMOTIES IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP DONDERDAG 18 FEBRUARI 2016 DES MIDDAGS TE 4.15 UUR DOOR INGRID ELS KLOOSTERMAN GEBOREN OP 21 OKTOBER 1983 TE FRANEKER PROMOTOREN: PROF. DR. W. KOOPS PROF. DR. J. VIJSELAAR COPROMOTOR: DR. J. BOS INHOUD OVERZICHT INTERVIEWS EN ARCHIEVEN 8 1 INTRODUCTIE 11 2 DE NATUUR GOOCHELT NIET: POGINGEN TOT PSYCHISCH ONDERZOEK 1888-1914 EEN MISLUKTE SEANCE 41 POGINGEN TOT PSYCHISCH ONDERZOEK 45 FREDERIK VAN EEDEN ALS OVERTUIGD SPIRITIST 48 HENRI DE FREMERY ALS KRITISCH SPIRITIST 63 CONCLUSIES 80 3 VERBORGEN KRACHTEN: VERENIGINGEN VOOR PSYCHISCH ONDERZOEK 1915-1925 TELEPATHIE VAN TONEEL NAAR LABORATORIUM 83 VERENIGINGEN VOOR PSYCHISCH ONDERZOEK 86 EEN VERENIGING VOOR TOEGEPAST MAGNETISME 89 DE STUDIEVEREENIGING VOOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH 101 CONCLUSIES 122 4 DE BOVENNATUUR IN DE PRAKTIJK: ACADEMISCHE VERBINTENISSEN 1928-1940 DE STRIJD OM DE PARAPSYCHOLOGIE 125 ACADEMISCHE VERBINTENISSEN 128 DE EERSTE PRIVAATDOCENTEN 131 WETENSCHAPPELIJK TIJDSCHRIFT EN LABORATORIUM 143 CONCLUSIES 161 5 EEN BIJZONDERE PERSOONLIJKHEID: ACADEMISCHE INBEDDING IN UTRECHT 1940-1959 EEN INTERNATIONALE CONFERENTIE 163 ACADEMISCHE INBEDDING IN UTRECHT 167 -
1 a True Story of a Scout in Times of War Part I © Piet J
1 A True Story of a Scout in Times of War Part I © Piet J. Kroonenberg, Amsterdam Prologue From May 15th, 1940 to May 5th, 1945, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was occupied by German forces. As the country is situated between the British Isles and Germany, its airspace was used by the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force when on their way from English airfields to their targets in Germany. Especially between 1943 and 1945, the Dutch saw enormous squadrons of USAF aircraft that crossed their country during the day time, whilst at night they lay listening to the roar of the RAF's bombers' engines. It was pleasing to their eyes and music to their ears. But more than 2,500 planes of the RAF and 1,750 US planes were brought down over Dutch territory. About 25% of them crashed into the Dutch coastal waters of the Zuydersea (now the Zuiderzee), which, after World War Two, was reclaimed from the sea as farming land. Many British and American crew members managed to save their lives by bailing out and parachuting to land. One out of seven was hidden by the Resistance and often, many months later, were able to report back to base in England. During and after the Battle of Arnhem, in September 1944, British paratroopers who were cut off from their units escaped into the forests and managed to contact the Dutch Underground. Most of them were hidden and later ferried across the rivers to the Liberated part of the country. -
NCH Annual Report 2019
Network of Concerned Historians NCH Annual Report 2019 http://www.concernedhistorians.org INTRODUCTION This twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Network of Concerned Historians (NCH) contains news about the domain where history and human rights intersect, in particular about the censorship of history and the persecution of historians, archivists, and archaeologists around the globe, as reported by various human rights organizations and other sources. It mainly covers events and developments of 2018 and 2019. Disclaimer. The fact that the NCH presents this news does not imply that it shares the views and beliefs of the historians and others mentioned in it. Download this report at: http://www.concernedhistorians.org/ar/19.pdf Cite this report as: Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2019 (http://www.concernedhistorians.org/ar/19.pdf). For the complete set of NCH Annual Reports, see: http://www.concernedhistorians.org/content/ar.html Or click: 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 All Annual Reports (1995–2019) were compiled by Antoon De Baets. Please send any comments to [email protected] Network of Concerned Historians, Annual Report 2019 (2019) 2 ____________________________________________________________ AFGHANISTAN Previous Annual Report entries: 2000–2016, 2018. ALBANIA Previous Annual Report entries: 1996, 2012, 2015−2018. In May 2019, after a legal challenge by BIRN Albania (Balkan Investigative Reporting Network Albania) initiated in March 2016, an appeals court ordered the declassification of annual reports compiled by the Communist-era secret service Sigurimi in 1980–1989 and statistics on the number of Albanians under its active surveillance in that period. -
Women in Astronomy: an Introductory Resource Guide
Women in Astronomy: An Introductory Resource Guide by Andrew Fraknoi (Fromm Institute, University of San Francisco) [April 2019] © copyright 2019 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. For permission to use, or to suggest additional materials, please contact the author at e-mail: fraknoi {at} fhda {dot} edu This guide to non-technical English-language materials is not meant to be a comprehensive or scholarly introduction to the complex topic of the role of women in astronomy. It is simply a resource for educators and students who wish to begin exploring the challenges and triumphs of women of the past and present. It’s also an opportunity to get to know the lives and work of some of the key women who have overcome prejudice and exclusion to make significant contributions to our field. We only include a representative selection of living women astronomers about whom non-technical material at the level of beginning astronomy students is easily available. Lack of inclusion in this introductory list is not meant to suggest any less importance. We also don’t include Wikipedia articles, although those are sometimes a good place for students to begin. Suggestions for additional non-technical listings are most welcome. Vera Rubin Annie Cannon & Henrietta Leavitt Maria Mitchell Cecilia Payne ______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents: 1. Written Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 2. Written Resources on Issues Women Face 3. Web Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 4. Web Resources on Issues Women Face 5. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past: Annie Cannon Margaret Huggins Nancy Roman Agnes Clerke Henrietta Leavitt Vera Rubin Williamina Fleming Antonia Maury Charlotte Moore Sitterly Caroline Herschel Maria Mitchell Mary Somerville Dorrit Hoffleit Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Beatrice Tinsley Helen Sawyer Hogg Dorothea Klumpke Roberts 6. -
Nieuwsbrief Universiteitsgeschiedenis
NIEUWSBRIEF UNIVERSITEITSGESCHIEDENIS LETTRE D'INFORMATION SUR L'HISTOIRE DES UNIVERSITÉS Werkgroep Universiteitsgeschiedenis Studium• generale Contactgroep Universiteitsgeschiedenis Groupe de contact pour l'histoire des universités Halfjaarlijks bulletin Deux fois par an Sde jaargang 199911 Se année Colofon Redactie: Marc Wingens en Marc Nelissen (eindredactie) Franck Smit, Brigitte Van Tiggelen Tekstverwerking: Els Scheers Kopij richten aan de redactieadressen in Nederland of België. Werkgroep Universiteitsgeschiedenis Redactieadres: Marc Wingens, Vrije Universiteit, afd. VEB, De Boelelaan 1107, 1081 HV Amsterdam, tel: + 31(0)20.444.56.43, fax: + 31(0)20.444.56.55, e-mail: [email protected] Secretariaat Werkgroep: Franck R.H. Smit, Universiteitsmu seum Groningen, Zwanestraat 33, NL-9712 CK Groningen, tel: +31(0)50.363.55.63, fax: + 31 (0)50.363.49.96, e-mail: [email protected] Het lidmaatschap geeft recht op de Nieuwsbrief, korting op publicaties van de Werkgroep en voor rechten bij de overige activiteiten van de Werkgroep. Contributie binnenland: fl.40 (€ 18,15); studenten fl.20 (€ 9,07) . Betalingen van Nederlandse leden dienen te geschieden op gironummer 6845444 ten name van de Stichting Batavia Academica. Betalingen vanuit het buitenland mogen geen kosten voor de Werkgroep met zich meebrengen. Nederlandse leden die ook wensen te worden uitgenodigd voor de vergaderingen van het Belgische Studium generale, dienen dit kenbaar te maken aan het Belgische secretariaat. Studium generale Contactgroep Universiteitsgeschiedenis Groupe de contact pour l'histoire des universités Redactieadreslsecretariaat Contactgroep - Rédactionlsecrétariat du Groupe: Marc Nelissen, Universiteitsarchief K.U.Leuven, Mgr. Ladeuzeplein 21, B-3000 Leuven, tel: +32(0)16.32.46.32, fax: +32(0)16.32.46.91, e-mail: [email protected] Het lidmaatschap geeft recht op de Nieuwsbrief en uitnodigingen voor de vergaderingen. -
Iirfnuijl111'1111 II I
rfNUiJl111'1111 I I II IUf I ARCS & SPARKS - June 1969 Issue page contents: 2 ROY J. CELLICH- Ultra Carbon Representative 3 1969 SAS PRESIDENT, DR. C. L. GRANT 3 CHICAGO SAS - Past Officers' Night 4 DR. CHARLonE MOORE SlnERL Y - Dedication 6 20TH PlnSBURGH CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS 7 COBLENTZ SOCIETY AWARD 8 PITTSBURGH SPECTROSCOPY AWARD-TO DR. FASSEL 8 A SUMMARY OF THE AWARD ADDRESS BY DR. FASSEL 10 WILLIAM F. MEGGERS AWARD 11 1969 SUMMER COURSES photo stories 12. PlnSBURGH CONFERENCE PHOTOS 13 EASTERN ANALYTICAL SYMPOSIUM 10TH ANNIVERSARY PHOTOS 14 22ND ANNUAL LSU INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM PHOTOS 15 looking ahead COVER PHOTO: SPIRAL NEBULA ANDROMEDA II Arcs & Sparks is published by Ultra Carbon Corporation, P.O. Box 747, Bay City, Michigan 48706, for' , the. advancement of the profession of spectroscopy. News stories, changes of address and other pertinent correspondence should berdirected to the Editor. ROY J. CELLICH Ultra Carbon Representative If you are located in Virginia or the Western half of Pennsyl- vania, this is your man. Roy joined Ultra last winter. Many of you met him at the Pittsburgh Conference. Roy was born in Pitts- burgh, March 9, 1927. He attended grade and high school in Trafford, Pennsylvania. Receiving a BS degree In Chemistry from Slippery Rock State College, he went on to take graduate chemistry courses at the University of Pittsburgh, Western Re- serve University and special advanced chemistry courses at American University, Washington, D.C. Roy makes his head- quarters at Murrysville, Pa., with his wife, a former teacher, and two sons. Outdoor enthusiasts, the Cellichs spend their week- ends swimming, hiking and skiing at the Seven Springs resort area where they have a cottage. -
From Zone Plates to Microcalorimeter: 50 Years of Cosmic X-Ray Spectroscopy at SRON
From zone plates to microcalorimeter: 50 years of cosmic X-ray spectroscopy at SRON Johan Bleeker University of Utrecht/SRON, the Netherlands The grass-roots at Utrecht (1) Christophorus Buys Ballot: - 1853: Sonnenborgh Observatory Meteorology and Astronomy - 1877: New Physics Laboratory Mainly: teaching - → : optical spectroscopy (Julius, Moll, Ornstein) - 1896 : Heliostat spectrograph for Fraunhofer lines in Solar spectrum - 1923 : concept of equivalent line width W(Minnaert) - 1929 : formulation of curve of growth W=f(N) (Minnaert, Unsöld) The grass roots at Utrecht (2): Atlas of the solar spectrum: Marcel Minnaert 1936: ~ 100 photographic plates taken at Mount Wilson Observatory 1940: Utrecht Photometric Atlas of the solar spectrum (Minnaert et al) 1952: Solar atmosphere temperature model (de Jager 1952) 1966: Solar abundances from The Solar Spectrum (Moore et al ) To shorter wavelengths: X-ray spectroscopy • 1961: Start Space research in Utrecht • First target: X-ray spectroscopy of the sun Mid 1960’s: Monochromatic XUV-images of the Sun X-ray lense employing diffraction: Fresnel zone plate Zone partition of spherical wavefront → block even/odd zones th Radius n zone: , with N = nmax= large → Focal length(5nm): ΔrN=1μm rN=1mm, f=40cm Mid 1960s: Q-monochromatic XUV-images of the Sun X-ray lense employing diffraction: Fresnel zone plate Manufacturing: RQ: transparent zones completely open, width 1-2 μm → radial support - First successful trials with electron optical imaging, FOV limitations - Interferogram of two coherent spherical wave fronts: Photolithography Sun in Si X at 5.1 nm 1967: Successful sun stabilized Aerobee rocket experiment 4 Zone plates of 50 metallic rings f = 40 cm, outer diam.