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AP Latin: the Comprehensive Guide to Caesar

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AP Latin: the Comprehensive Guide to Caesar AP Latin: The Comprehensive Guide to Caesar Dean Calhoun 1 Table of Contents Book 1: Gallic geography and the tale of the Helvetians 3 1.1: Geography of Gaul 3 1.2: The conspiracy of Orgetorix 4 1.3: Preparations 5 1.4: The conspiracy is revealed, and the death of Orgetorix 6 1.5: Further preparations 6 1.6: Two paths 7 1.7: Caesar prevents the Helvetians 7 Book 4: The invasion of Britain 9 4.24: Landing at Britain 9 4.25: Eagle Man 10 4.26: Victory on shore 10 4.27: Hostages and allegiance 11 4.28: The cavalry are delayed 12 4.29: The misfortune of the ships 12 4.30: Deliberations of the British chieftains 13 4.31: Caesar’s preparations, and repairing ships 13 4.32: The dust cloud, and British ambush 14 4.33: Chariot fighting 14 4.34: The Romans and Britons regroup 15 4.35 + 4.35.1: British rebellion is put down 16 Book 5: The winter revolt of the Gallic tribes 17 5.24: The council of Gauls, and winter camps 17 5.25: The death of Tasgetius 18 5.26: Ambiorix’s ambush 18 5.27: Ambiorix’s deception 19 5.28: Cottas’s argument 20 5.29: Sabinus’s argument 21 5.30: Sabinus argues more 22 5.31: Dissension, and preparing to leave 23 5.32: Ambiorix’s ambush pt. II 23 5.33: Frantic arrangement, and The Orb 24 5.34: The battle of the valley 24 5.35: The battle of the valley pt. II 25 5.36: Sabinus seeks peace 26 2 5.37: The death of Sabinus, and the victory of the Eburones 26 5.38: Ambiorix incites the other tribes 27 5.39: The Nervii attack Cicero 27 5.40: Cicero’s camp defends and prepares 28 5.41: The failed deception of the Nervii 29 5.42: The Nervii prepare for attack 30 5.43: Fire in the camp, and The Meat Grinder 30 5.44: The tale of Vorenus and Pullo 32 5.45: Letters to Caesar 33 5.46: Letters received, and Caesar gathers forces 33 5.47: Caesar gathers forces pt. II 34 5.48: Caesar arrives at Cicero’s camp 34 Book 6: Druids and Gallic customs 36 6.13: Druids 36 6.14: Druids pt. II 37 6.15: The Knights 37 6.16: Gallic sacrifices, and wicker men 38 6.17: Gallic worship 38 6.18: The Dark Father, and shameful children 39 6.19: Gallic marriages and funerals 40 6.20: Government censorship 40 3 Book 1: Gallic geography and the tale of the Helvetians 1.1: Geography of Gaul Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partēs trēs, quārum ūnam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquītānī, tertiam quī ipsōrum linguā Celtae, nostrā Gallī appellantur. Hī omnēs linguā, īnstitūtīs, lēgibus inter sē differunt. Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Mātrona et Sēquana dīvidit. Hōrum omnium fortissimī sunt Belgae, proptereā quod ā cultū atque hūmānitāte prōvinciae longissimē absunt, minimēque ad eōs mercātōrēs saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effēminandōs animōs pertinent important, proximīque sunt Germānīs, quī trāns Rhēnum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt. Quā dē causā Helvētiī quoque reliquōs Gallōs virtūte praecēdunt, quod ferē cotīdiānīs proeliīs cum Germānīs contendunt, cum aut suīs fīnibus eōs prohibent aut ipsī in eōrum fīnibus bellum gerunt. Eōrum ūna pars, quam Gallōs obtinēre dictum est, initium capit ā flūmine Rhodanō; continētur Garumnā flūmine, Ōceanō, fīnibus Belgārum; attingit etiam ab Sēquanīs et Helvētiīs flūmen Rhēnum; vergit ad septentriōnēs. Belgae ab extrēmīs Galliae fīnibus oriuntur; pertinent ad īnferiōrem partem flūminis Rhēnī; spectant in septentriōnem et orientem sōlem. Aquītānia ā Garumnā flūmine ad Pȳrēnaeōs mōntēs et eam partem Ōceanī quae est ad Hispāniam pertinet; spectat inter occāsum sōlis et septentriōnēs. All of Gaul is divided into 3 parts, one of which the Belgians inhabit, another the Aquitani, the third those who are called by their own language the Celts, by ours the Gauls. All these people are different in language, customs, and laws between themselves. The Garonne river divides the Gauls from the Aquitani, the Marne and Seine rivers divide the Gauls from the Belgians. The Belgians are the strongest of all of these tribes, because they are the farthest away from the culture and civilization of our province, and merchants visit them least frequently and bring things which refer to weakening their courage, and they are the closest to the Germans, who live across the Rhine, and with whom they continuously wage war. Due to this reason, the Helvetians also surpass the rest of the Gauls in courage, because they contend with the Germans in near daily battles, where they either repel them from their borders, or they themselves wage war on their borders. One part of these, which it is said that the Gauls occupy, takes beginning at the Rhone river, is bounded by the Garonne river, the ocean, and by the borders of the Belgians; it also touches the Rhine river by the Sequani and Helvetians and goes north. The Belgians begin from the edges of the borders of the Gauls, and continue to the lower part of the Rhine river, and look north towards the rising sun [northeast]. Aquitania stretches to the Pyrenees from the Garonne river and to that part of the Ocean which is near Spain; it looks between the setting sun and the north star [northwest]. 4 1.2: The conspiracy of Orgetorix Apud Helvētiōs longē nōbilissimus fuit et dītissimus Orgetorīx. Is, M. Messālā et M. Pupio Pīsōne cōnsulibus, rēgnī cupiditāte inductus coniūrātiōnem nōbilitātis fēcit, et cīvitātī persuāsit ut dē fīnibus suīs cum omnibus cōpiīs exīrent: perfacile esse, cum virtūte omnibus praestārent, tōtīus Galliae imperiō potīrī. Id hōc facilius iīs persuāsit, quod undique locī nātūrā Helvētiī continentur: ūnā ex parte flūmine Rhēnō lātissimō atque altissimō, quī agrum Helvētium ā Germānīs dīvidit; alterā ex parte mōnte Iūrā altissimō, quī est inter Sēquanōs et Helvētiōs; tertiā lacū Lemannō et flūmine Rhodanō, quī prōvinciam nostram ab Helvētiīs dīvidit. Hīs rēbus fīēbat ut et minus lātē vagārentur et minus facile fīnitimīs bellum īnferre possent: quā ex parte hominēs bellandī cupidī māgnō dolōre adficiēbantur. Prō multitūdine autem hominum et prō glōriā bellī atque fortitūdinis angustōs sē fīnēs habēre arbitrābantur, quī in longitūdinem mīlia passuum CCXL, in lātitūdinem CLXXX patēbant. Among the Helvetians, Orgetorix was by far the most noble and wealthy. Motivated by desire for a kingdom, he created a conspiracy of nobles and persuaded the people when M. Messala and M. Pupius Piso were consuls, with the result that they departed from their borders with all their belongings, saying that, since they surpass all others in courage, it would be very easy, and they could obtain control of all of Gaul. This persuaded them easily, because the Helvetians were constricted from all sides by the nature of their location: on one side by the extremely deep and wide Rhine river, which separates the lands of the Helvetians from the Germans; on the next side by the extremely tall Jura mountains, which are between the Sequani and the Helvetians; on the third side by Lake Geneva and the Rhone river, which separates our province from the Helvetians. It happened for these reasons that they wander less broadly and are less easily able to inflict war on their neighbors; the men from this place, eager for waging war, were afflicted with great difficulty. They used to think that they themselves had narrow borders for the amount of people and for the glory of war and strength, which extend 180 miles in latitude and 240 miles in longitude. 5 1.3: Preparations Hīs rēbus adductī et auctōritāte Orgetorīgis permōtī, cōnstituērunt ea quae ad proficīscendum pertinērent comparāre, iūmentōrum et carrōrum quam māximum numerum coëmere, sēmentēs quam māximās facere ut in itinere cōpia frūmentī suppeteret, cum proximīs cīvitātibus pācem et amīcitiam cōnfīrmāre. Ad eās rēs cōnficiendās biennium sibi satis esse dūxērunt: in tertium annum profectiōnem lēge cōnfīrmant. Ad eās rēs cōnficiendās Orgetorīx dēligitur. Is sibi lēgātiōnem ad cīvitātēs suscēpit. In eō itinere persuādet Casticō, Catamantāloedis fīliō Sēquanō, cūius pater rēgnum in Sēquanīs multōs annōs obtinuerat et ā senātū populī Rōmānī amīcus appellātus erat, ut rēgnum in cīvitāte suā occupāret, quod pater ante habuerat; itemque Dumnorīgī Aeduō frātrī Dīviciācī, quī eō tempore prīncipātum in cīvitāte obtinēbat āc māximē plēbī acceptus erat, ut idem cōnārētur persuādet, eīque fīliam suam in mātrimōnium dat. Perfacile factū esse illīs probat cōnāta perficere, proptereā quod ipse suae cīvitātis imperium obtentūrus esset: nōn esse dubium quīn tōtīus Galliae plūrimum Helvētiī possent; sē suīs cōpiīs suōque exercitū illīs rēgna conciliātūrum cōnfīrmat. Hāc ōrātiōne adductī inter sē fidem et iūs iūrandum dant, et rēgnō occupātō per trēs potentissimōs āc fīrmissimōs populōs tōtīus Galliae sēsē potīrī posse spērant. Influenced by these things and persuaded by the authority of Orgetorix, they decided to prepare the things which pertain to leaving, to buy as great a number of carts and mules as possible, to make the largest crop possible, so that the supply of grain was sufficient for the journey, to confirm peace and friendship with the neighboring peoples. They thought that two years was enough for them for completing these things; in the third year they confirmed the departure by law. Orgetorix was selected for completing these things. He undertook for himself an embassy to the other tribes. During this trip he persuaded Casticus, the son of Catamantaledes, a member of the Sequani, whose father had held a kingdom in the Sequani for many years and was called a friend by the senate of the people of Rome, to seize the kingdom in his own tribe which his father had held before; likewise he persuaded Dumnorix, an Aeduan, the brother of Diviciacus, who at the time controlled the highest position in the tribe, and had been especially accepted by the plebs, to try the same thing, and Orgetorix gave to him his daughter in marriage.
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