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1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them. -
Université De Montréal Julius Caesar in Gaul and Germania
Université de Montréal Julius Caesar in Gaul and Germania: Strategy, tactics, and the use of aggressive diplomacy as a tool for war Par Patrick Dakkach Département d’histoire, Université de Montréal, Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade de la Maitrise En Histoire, option Recherche Mai 2021 © Patrick Dakkach, 2021 Université de Montréal Unité académique : Département d’histoire, Université de Montréal, Faculté des arts et des sciences Ce mémoire intitulé Julius Caesar in Gaul and Germania: Strategy, tactics, and the use of aggressive diplomacy as a tool for war Présenté par Patrick Dakkach A été évalué(e) par un jury composé des personnes suivantes Philippe Genequand Président-rapporteur Christian Raschle Directeur de recherche Michael Fronda Membre du jury Résumé Alors que César et ses écrits ont fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie au cours des deux derniers siècles, comment étudier ses commentaires de manière différente? En utilisant une nouvelle approche mise au point par Arthur M. Eckstein dans son œuvre Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and the Rise of Rome qui soutient que Rome a conquis de manière opportuniste l'Italie et la Méditerranée orientale à travers une série de guerres défensives ou « d’invitations ». La nouveauté de cette approche est son utilisation des paradigmes de la science politique misant surtout sur le concept de l'anarchie réaliste. En tant que telle, cette thèse utilisera le cadre d'Eckstein et l'appliquera au Bellum Gallicum de César pour montrer que, contrairement à l'historiographie traditionnelle, César n'a pas conquis la Gaule par bellicosité et ambition personnelle, mais plutôt à la suite d'invitation directe de ses alliés gaulois le poussant à intervenir défensivement au nom du bellum iustum. -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
Was Galatian Really Celtic? Anthony Durham & Michael Goormachtigh First Published November 2011, Updated to October 2016
Was Galatian Really Celtic? Anthony Durham & Michael Goormachtigh first published November 2011, updated to October 2016 Summary Saint Jerome’s AD 386 remark that the language of ancient Galatia (around modern Ankara) resembled the language of the Treveri (around modern Trier) has been misinterpreted. The “Celts”, “Gauls” or “Galatians” mentioned by classical authors, including those who invaded Greece and Anatolia around 277 BC, were not Celtic in the modern sense of speaking a Celtic language related to Welsh and Irish, but tall, pale-skinned, hairy, warrior peoples from the north. The 150 or so words and proper names currently known from Galatian speech show little affinity with Celtic but more with Germanic. Introduction In AD 386 Saint Jerome wrote: Apart from the Greek language, which is spoken throughout the entire East, the Galatians have their own language, almost the same as the Treveri. For many people this short remark is the linchpin of a belief that ancient Celtic speech spread far outside its Atlantic-fringe homeland, reaching even into the heart of Anatolia, modern Turkey. However, we wish to challenge the idea that Galatians spoke a language that was Celtic in the modern sense of being closely related to Welsh or Irish. Galatia was the region around ancient Ancyra, modern Ankara, in the middle of Turkey. Anatolia (otherwise known as Asia Minor) has seen many civilisations come and go over the millennia. Around 8000 BC it was a cradle of agriculture and the Neolithic revolution. The whole family of Indo-European languages originated somewhere in that region. We favour the idea that they grew up around the Black Sea all the way from northern Anatolia, past the mouth of the river Danube, to southern Russia and Ukraine. -
Boudicca - Verlauf Und Hintergrund Einer Rebellion Gegen Die Römische Herrschaft Und Ihre Darstellung in Den Quellen
DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Boudicca - Verlauf und Hintergrund einer Rebellion gegen die römische Herrschaft und ihre Darstellung in den Quellen. Verfasserin Katharina Uebel angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 310 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Fritz Mitthof II III Mein besonderer Dank gilt der Universität Wien und insbesondere dem Institut für Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde und ihren Mitarbeitern, die mich gefördert und unterstützt haben. Ich wurde in die Welt der griechisch-römischen Antike und der Geschichtswissenschaft eingeführt und für die Wissenschaft begeistert. Mein Dank gilt meinem Betreuer Univ.-Prof. Dr. Fritz Mitthof. Von Herzen dank ich meinen Lektoren Dr. Andrea Potz und Dr. Peter Schober für emotionale und fachliche Beratung und Beistand. IV V Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einführung und Charakterisierung der Quellen zu Britannien und dem Boudicca Aufstand 4 1.1. Die britannischen Kelten in der römischen Geschichtsschreibung ............................................. 4 1.2. Werke und Leben des Tacitus und ein kurzer Überblick seiner Meinung zum Boudicca- Aufstand ................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3. Leben und Werk des Cassius Dio und sein Blick auf den Boudicca-Aufstand ......................... 11 1.4. Die Quellen von Tacitus und Cassius Dio und deren Einfluss -
The Commentaries of Caesar, by Anthony Trollope
Project Gutenberg's The Commentaries of Caesar, by Anthony Trollope This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Commentaries of Caesar Author: Anthony Trollope Release Date: November 9, 2017 [EBook #55926] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE COMMENTARIES OF CAESAR *** Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Books project.) Ancient Classics for English Readers EDITED BY THE REV. W. LUCAS COLLINS, M.A. C Æ S A R The Volumes published of this Series contain HOMER: THE ILIAD, BY THE EDITOR. HOMER: THE ODYSSEY, BY THE SAME. HERODOTUS, BY GEORGE C. SWAYNE, M.A. Late Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. The following Authors, by various Contributors, are in preparation:— VIRGIL. HORACE. ÆSCHYLUS. SOPHOCLES. ARISTOPHANES. CICERO. JUVENAL. XENOPHON. OTHERS WILL FOLLOW. A Volume will be published on the 1st of every alternate Month, price 2s. 6d. T H E C O M M E N T A R I E S OF C Æ S A R BY ANTHONY TROLLOPE WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLXX CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE I. INTRODUCTION, 1 FIRST BOOK OF THE WAR IN GAUL.—CÆSAR DRIVES FIRST THE SWISS AND II. 28 THEN THE GERMANS OUT OF GAUL.—B.C. -
College Caesar
College Caesar Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary Geoffrey Steadman College Caesar Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary First Edition © 2011 by Geoffrey D. Steadman Revised July 2011, January 2012, February 2012, July 2012 All rights reserved. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of this work available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. The terms of the license can be accessed at creativecommons.org. Accordingly, you are free to copy, alter, and distribute this work under the following conditions: (1) You must attribute the work to the author (but not in any way that suggests that the author endorses your alterations to the work). (2) You may not use this work for commercial purposes. (3) If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license as this one. ISBN-13: 978-0-9843065-7-2 ISBN-10: 0-9843065-7-9 Published by Geoffrey Steadman Cover Design: David Steadman Fonts: Times New Roman [email protected] Table of Contents Pages 35 Lessons by Title…………………………………………………………………....v Preface to the Series……………………………………………………………..vii-viii Introduction…………………………………………………………………….......ix-x Outline of the Bellum Gallicum………………………………………………………xi -
Celtic Britain
1 arfg Fitam ©0 © © © © ©©© © © © © © © 00 « G XT © 8 i imiL ii II I IWtv,-.,, iM » © © © © © ©H HWIW© llk< © © J.Rhjsffi..H. © I EARLY BRITAIN, CELTIC BRITAIN. BY J. RHYS, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon/). Honorary LL.D. (Edin.). Honorary D.Litt. (Wales). FROFESSOR OF CELTIC IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD J PRINCIPAL OF JESUS COLLEGE, AND LATE FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE FELLOW OF THE BRITISH ACADEMY. WITH TWO MAPS, AND WOODCUTS OF COIliS, FOURTH EDITION. FUBLISHED UNDER THE D.RECTION OF THE GENERAL LITERATURE COMMITTEE. LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, W.C. ; 43, queen victoria street, e.c. \ Brighton: 129, north street. New York : EDWIN S. GORHAM. iqoP, HA 1^0 I "l C>9 |X)VE AND MALCOMSON, LIMITED, PRINTERS, 4 AND 5, DEAN STREET, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. These are the days of little books, and when the author was asked to add one to their number, he accepted the invitation with the jaunty simplicity of an inexperienced hand, thinking that it could not give him much trouble to expand or otherwise modify the account given of early Britain in larger works ; but closer acquaintance with them soon convinced him of the folly of such a plan— he had to study the subject for himself or leave it alone. In trying to do the former he probably read enough to have enabled him to write a larger work than this ; but he would be ashamed to confess how long it has occupied him. As a student of language, he is well aware that no severer judgment could be passed on his essay in writing history than that it should be found to be as bad as the etymologies made by historians are wont to be ; but so essential is the study of Celtic names to the elucidation of the early history of Britain that the risk is thought worth incurring. -
SUMMER ASSIGNMENT Welcome to AP Latin!
BISHOP MOORE CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL AP LATIN: SUMMER ASSIGNMENT Welcome to AP Latin! Your summer assignment involves two undertakings… “SUMMER READING ASSIGNMENT” The point of this assignment is to become familiar with the two works. IT is CRITICAL that you know the CHARACTERS/PEOPLE and EVENTS of both the Bellum Gallicum and the Aeneid. o Read IN ENGLISH the designated parts of Caesar’s Gallic Wars (books 1,4,5,6,7) and Vergil’s Aeneid (Books 1-6, 8. 12). You may read the entire book if you wish. o Complete worksheet of questions below. Write answers on the pdf (using Notability). o Submit to Schoology: “SUMMER READING ASSIGNMENT” on Aug09 - 1st day of school. VOCABULARY: Learn the most used basic vocabulary of Caesar’s Gallic Wars and Vergil’s Aeneid (you might want to make vocab cards in Quizlet). o We will have periodic vocabulary tests, including one the 2nd day of classes (August 10th). ===================================================================================== Reading Caesar’s Gallic Wars and Vergil’s Aeneid in English (College Board requirement) -Caesar’s Gallic Wars: Books 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7 (you may read any English translation, online or a book) -online: http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.html -books: in order of my preference, based on readability -Hammond, Carolyn, tr. Caesar: The Gallic War. Oxford World’s Classics, 2008. (ISBN: 978-0199540266) -Ford, James H., trans. Caesar’s Commentaries: On the Gallic War and on the Civil War. El Paso Norte Press, 2005. (ISBN: 978-0976072614) -Macdevitt, W. A. trans. The Gallic Wars. Wilder Publications, 2009. (ISBN: 978-1604597622) -Edwards, H. -
An Analytical Directory of the Latin Endings
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department Classics and Religious Studies July 2007 An Analytical Directory of the Latin Endings Thomas Nelson Winter University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/classicsfacpub Part of the Classics Commons Winter, Thomas Nelson, "An Analytical Directory of the Latin Endings" (2007). Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department. 69. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/classicsfacpub/69 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics and Religious Studies at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. An Analytical Directory of the Latin Endings Introduction "M". Suppose a word ends in it. That word is either declinable, or a verb, or an adverb. As a declinable, it is either accusative, genitive, or nominative. How much more must one disclose before the set of possibilities is limited to one? How much can be told about the word at each level? To continue this initial illustration, uncover another letter, disclosing, perhaps, u: –um. Instantly, finite verbs are omitted. Only adverbs and declinables are left. Adverb, or accusative, genitive, or nominative? Disclose another letter, perhaps i: –ium. No refinement of case, but now at least the adverbs have disappeared from possibility. And though no case is omitted, nominative becomes very rare, possible only for neuter abstract nouns of the second declension like connubium Of the letters which occur before –ium — b, d, e, l, m, n, r, t, v — some refine, some do not. -
La Langue Gauloise
LA VOCATION DE L’ARBRE D’OR est de partager ses admirations avec les lecteurs, son admiration pour les grands textes nourrissants du passé et celle aussi pour l’œuvre de contem- porains majeurs qui seront probablement davantage appréciés demain qu’aujourd’hui. Trop d’ouvrages essentiels à la culture de l’âme ou de l’identité de chacun sont aujourd’hui indisponibles dans un marché du livre transformé en industrie lourde. Et quand par chance ils sont disponibles, c’est financiè- rement que trop souvent ils deviennent inaccessibles. La belle littérature, les outils de développement personnel, d’identité et de progrès, on les trouvera donc au catalogue de l’Arbre d’Or à des prix résolument bas pour la qualité offerte. LES DROITS DES AUTEURS Cet e-book est sous la protection de la loi fédérale suisse sur le droit d’auteur et les droits voisins (art. 2, al. 2 tit. a, LDA). Il est également pro- tégé par les traités internationaux sur la propriété industrielle. Comme un livre papier, le présent fichier et son image de couverture sont sous copyright, vous ne devez en aucune façon les modifier, les utili- ser ou les diffuser sans l’accord des ayant-droits. Obtenir ce fichier autre- ment que suite à un téléchargement après paiement sur le site est un délit. Transmettre ce fichier encodé sur un autre ordinateur que celui avec lequel il a été payé et téléchargé peut occasionner des dommages informatiques susceptibles d’engager votre responsabilité civile. Ne diffusez pas votre copie mais, au contraire, quand un titre vous a plu, encouragez-en l’achat. -
Caesar Thesis Final Draft
A Literary and Narratological Reading of Titurius Sabinus and Quintus Cicero in Julius Caesar’s Bellum Gallicum By Wesley J. Hanson Submitted to the graduate degree program in Classics and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. _____________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Anthony Corbeill _____________________________________ Dr. Emma Scioli _____________________________________ Dr. Tara Welch Date Defended: May 8, 2015 ii The Thesis Committee for Wesley J. Hanson certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: A Literary and Narratological Reading of Titurius Sabinus and Quintus Cicero in Julius Caesar’s Bellum Gallicum _____________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Anthony Corbeill Date Approved: May 8, 2015 iii Abstract This thesis argues that the characters of Titurius Sabinus and Quintus Cicero, as depicted by Caesar in his Bellum Gallicum, fulfill a narrative function that furthers the political aims of Caesar’s text. I start by arguing that there are three Caesars present in the Bellum Gallicum, employing Gérard Genette’s three definitions of “narrative” as a model: Caesar the historical author, Caesar the narrative voice, and Caesar the character. I also argue that Caesar the author writes in the “zero degree,” a term Roland Barthes created to describe a seemingly unadorned writing style. When characterizing Sabinus and Cicero, Caesar will occasionally break his degree zero style to pass judgment (frequently implicit rather than explicit) on the two men and their actions. Through this process Caesar establishes his narrative voice as an arbiter of proper military conduct: when an officer acts in accordance with what the narrative voice approves, he is shown to be successful in the field.