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AEMI JOURNAL • VOLUME Contents AEMI JOURNAL • VOLUME AEMI JOURNAL • Contents 5 From the Editor 6 Protocol of the AEMI 2013 meeting in Karlstad, Sweden 12 Chairman´s Report 2012 - 2013 AEMIJOURNAL 16 Oscar Alvarez Gila and Benan Oregi Iñurrieta : Mass Migration versus Specialized Migration. Basque Immigrants in China in the Late 19th and Volume 12 • 2014 Early 21st Centuries 12 • 2014 34 Marcin Szerle: How to be a Pole abroad – Initial Impressions from Life in the United States in Immigrants’ Memoirs 48 Marco Eimermann: Ambivalent Dutch Lifestyle Migrants in Rural Sweden 58 Maria Beatriz Rocha-Trindade: ’Portuguese Migration: Responding to the New Crisis’? 66 Peter Olaus: The Poor People of the Forest: Immigration and Integration in Värmland in the 1670s 72 Nonja Peters: No Place Like ‘Home’: Experiences of the Netherlands East Indies as Real, Virtual and Politically Contested Reality by Indisch Dutch and Indisch Dutch Australians. 81 Richard Magito Brun: The Transnational Identity: Nineteenth Century Semi-Residential Sinti and Indigenous Travellers in Sweden 96 Kirsten Egholk and Susanne Krogh Jensen: Greve Nord – a Changing Multi-Ethnic Public Housing Area 106 Asier Vallejo Itsaso: An Overview of the Basque Government´s Diaspora Strategy www.aemi.eu Association of European Migration Institutions AEMI JOURNAL Volume 12 • 2014 Special Issue on ‘Where We Belong - Borders, Ethnicity and Identity’ Editor Hans Storhaug Association of European Migration Institutions www.aemi.eu Cover picture: The statue of ‘Sola in Karlstad’ - or Eva Lisa Holtz (1739 -1818), is a famous symbol of the city of Karlstad, Sweden. Holtz was a waitress and owner of a tavern, well known for her “sunny” mood. AEMI Journal Editor: Hans Storhaug Editorial board: Brian Lambkin, Mellon Centre for Migration Studies at Ulster- American Folk Park, Omagh, Northern Ireland Maddalena Tirabassi, Centro Altreitalie, Torino, Italy Hans Storhaug, Norwegian Emigration Center, Stavanger, Norway The Association of European Migration Institutions - AEMI, founded in 1991, is a network of organisations in Europe concerned with the documentation, research and presentation of European migration. AEMI board 2013 - 2014: Hans Storhaug, Chairman Maddelena Tirabassi, Vice-chair Sarah Clement, Secretary Eva Meyer, Treasurer Mathias Nilsson Marianna Auliciema Manuscripts and editorial correspondence regarding AEMI Journal should be sent by e-mail to [email protected]. Statements of facts or opinion in AEMI Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. Published in September 2014 © AEMI ISSN 1729-3561 AEMI Secretarit, Génériques, 34 rue de Cîteaux, 75012 Paris, France www.aemi.eu Printed in Norway by Omega Trykk, Stavanger Contents 5 From the Editor 6 Protocol of the AEMI 2013 meeting in Karlstad, Sweden 12 Chairman´s Report 2012 - 2013 16 Oscar Alvarez Gila and Benan Oregi Iñurrieta : Mass Migration versus Specialized Migration. Basque Immigrants in China in the Late 19th and Early 21st Centuries 34 Marcin Szerle: How to be a Pole abroad – Initial Impressions from Life in the United States in Immigrants’ Memoirs 48 Marco Eimermann: Ambivalent Dutch Lifestyle Migrants in Rural Sweden 58 Maria Beatriz Rocha-Trindade: ’Portuguese Migration: Responding to the New Crisis’? 66 Peter Olaus: The Poor People of the Forest: Immigration and Integration in Värmland in the 1670s 72 Nonja Peters: No Place Like ‘Home’: Experiences of the Netherlands East Indies as Real, Virtual and Politically Contested Reality by Indisch Dutch and Indisch Dutch Australians. 81 Richard Magito Brun: The Transnational Identity: Nineteenth Century Semi-Residential Sinti and Indigenous Travellers in Sweden 96 Kirsten Egholk and Susanne Krogh Jensen: Greve Nord – a Changing Multi-Ethnic Public Housing Area 106 Asier Vallejo Itsaso: An Overview of the Basque Government´s Diaspora Strategy From the Editor The twelfth volume of the AEMI Journal is now at hand for members of the Associ- ation of European Migration Institutions and others interested in migration history research – both past and contemporary. Nine articles are presented, eight from the 2013 annual meeting in Karlstad, Sweden and one left over from the meeting in Krakow, Poland in 2012. The nine articles have a time span from the sixteent cen- tury to the present, and most of them focus on the theme Where We Belong: Borders, Etnicity and Identity. Both ethnicity and identity are explanatory factors in Kirsten Egholk and Susanne Krogh Jensen´s Greve Nord – A Changing Multi-Ethnic Public Housing Area. Here they explain why the Danish flagship of public housing area Greve Nord in less than two decades changed into a multi- ethnic ghetto haunted by social problems and a high crime rate. The authors also discuss what public initiatives are taken to turn this unfortunate situation around. In her article No Place Like ‘Home’: Experiences of the Netherlands East Indies as Real, Virtual and Politically Contested Reality by Indisch Dutch and Indisch Dutch Austral- ians Nonja Peters describes how the traumatic experiences of the Japanese occu- pation (1942-1945) and the following Indonesian Revolution for Independence (1945-1949) in different ways influenced the Netherlands East Indies´ perception of ‘ home’, place and belonging. Richard Magito Brun gives in his article The Transnational Identity: Nineteenth Century Semi-Residential Sinti and Travellers in Sweden, an overview of the origin of the Roma people and Sinti in Sweden exemplified by acrobat and rope-dancer Friederich Eisfeld. Although given permission to perform in all parts of Sweden, and speaking the language, Friedrich Eisfeld never became a Swede, but lived a life determined by his Sinto identity and Roma traditions. In The Poor People of the Forest: Immigration and Integration in Värmland in the 1670s, Peter Olaus concludes that conflicts between the landless forest Finns (and Norwe- gians) and the Swedish farmers in Fryksdalen, often were not ethnically based, but rather related to issues about hunting, fishing and the use of forests. 6 AEMI JOURNAL 2014 Marcin Szerle analyses memoirs about the United States in his article How To Be a Pole Abroad - Initial Impressions from Life in the United States. Not surprisingly he finds that most often Poles emigrated to their families and friends, creating a new life in the New World. However, for many Poles the main goal was to earn money and return to their homeland; consequently many did not even bother to learn the language. Co-organiser of the AEMI meeting in Lisbon 2003, and a regular contributor to our Journal since then, Maria Beatriz Rocha-Trindade considers in her article Portu- guese Migration: Responding to the New Crisis the challenges of present-day economic hardship in Portugal to the forefront. Due to lack of alternatives, an increasing number of young Portuguese are leaving the country, particularly graduates and technicians, bringing the country to the top of the ‘brain drain’ league table. In An Overview of the Basque Government´s Diaspora Strategy Asier Vallejo Itsaso outlines the main framework of the public programs and politics regarding the Basque diaspora as embodied in Law 8/1994. The objective of the law is to promote, support and intensify the relations between the Basque Country and the Basque communities and clubs abroad by introducing activities to dissiminate, stimulate and develop Basque culture and the Basque economy. In Ambivalent Dutch Lifestyle Migrants in Rural Sweden, Marco Eimermann intro- duces a new concept in migration research to the AEMI Journal: lifestyle migration. It focuses on relatively affluent Dutch families who moved from moderately, strongly, or extremely urbanised municipalities, to Hällefors in rural Sweden, seeking a bet- ter, more fulfilling life for their families, and their ambivalence towards returning. Eimermann´s article more than anything demonstrates that there are many motives for migration. The Dutch families´ principal motivation is lifestyle and a gradual achievement of a better life, while millions of other Europeans migrate, desperately searching for jobs or seeking shelter and security from war and aggressive rulers. At the risk of repeating myself, I still believe that the Journal has become a valuable asset to the Association, documenting the research of our members, stimulating existing member institutions to organise future conferences, and recruiting new members. Hans Storhaug, Editor The Association of European Migration Institutions Protocol of the Annual Meeting 3 - 5 October 2013 Karlstad, Sweden Members of the Association of European Migration Institutions (AEMI) and other migration researcher met for a three day conference at the Swedish Congress Culture Center in Karlstad, Sweden. The conference was hosted by the Swedish Migration Center located in the court house in the central city square (picture). Thursday, 3 October 2013 ish Migration Center (until 13 Septem- After a reception at the Swedish Migra- ber 2013 named the Swedish American tion Center, generously hosted by the Center), Kenneth Johansson, Govenor City of Karlstad on Wednesday evening, of Värmland, and AEMI chairman conference members met Thursday Hans Storhaug, marked the official morning at the Swedish Congress opening of the annual conference. In Culture Center. Welcome speeches by his keynote speech Paul Lappalainen, Mathias Nilsson, director of the Swed- Senior Advisor, Swedish Equality Om- 8 AEMI JOURNAL 2014 budsman, talked about structural dis- Peter Olausson: The Poor People
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