5476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24,

By Mr. WILSON of lllinois: A bill (H. R. 15397) granting a. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. pension to Carl Traver-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 15398) to remove the charge of desertion from SUNDAY, .April24, 190.4-. the military record of GeorgeS. Green-to the Committee on Mil­ The House met at 12 o'clock m. itary Affairs. The following prayer was offered by the Chaplain, Rev. H.E..--rn.Y N. COUDEN, D. D.: PETITIONS, ETC. Eternal and everliving God, our Heavenly Father, we thank Thee for that deep and ever-abiding faith which Thou hast im­ Under clause 1 of Rn1e XXII, the following petitions and papers planted in the hearts of men, and which has inspired the true, the were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: noble, the brave of every age with patriotic zeal and fervor, bring­ By Mr. BRADLEY: Petition of Montgomery Grange, of Mont­ gomery, N.Y., and others, in favor of the passage of bill H. R. ing light out of darkness, order out of chaos, liberty out of bond­ 9302-to the Committee on Ways and Means. age, and thus contributing here a. little, there a. little, to the By Mr. CALDERHEAD: Petition of Lamar Methodist Episco­ splendid civilization of our age. Especially do we thank Thee for pal Church, of Lamar Kans., in favor of the Hepburn-Dolliver that long line of illustrious men who lived and wrought, suffered bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. • and died that our Republic, with all its sacred institutions, might Also, petition of John Carver and others, of Cloud County, live. And to-day we are reminded of that host of statesmen Kans., in favor of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee whose names have been connected with the Congress of our na­ on the Judiciary. tion, where deeds of heroism have been enacted no less onerous By Mr. CONNELL: Resolution of Admiral Dahlgren Section, than on the field of glory. And, gathered here to-day in memory No. 31, Navy League, of Scranton, Pa.., urging the passage of of those whom their colleagues would immortalize. may the heart bills S. 2990 and 2991, relative to an efficient national naval re­ guide the tongue that truth may live to inspire those who shall serve-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. come after them, and God grant that we may live so pure, so Also, petition of C. L. Homsher and 56 others, of Bridgeport, true, so noble, that men will rise up and call us blessed, and pass· Okla. , protesting against the passage of the bill legalizing the is­ ing on we may find a. glorious reward awaiting us in the realms suance of $22,000 of bonds for the purpose of constructing water­ of eternal day. And preans of praise we will ever give to Thee, works etc.-to the Committee on the Territories. in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. By Mr. CURTIS: Petition of the C. 0. Myers Company, of The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. Atchison, Kans., favoring the passage of bill H. R. 9303-to the Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Speaker, I offer for adoption the fol· Committee on Ways and Means. lowing resolutions. Also, petition of R. B. Moore and 66 others, of Topeka, Kans., The Clerk read as follows: in favor of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the Resolved, Tbatthe business of the House be now suspended that opportunity may be given for paying tribute to the memory of Ron. MARcus A. HANNA., Judiciary. · late a Senator of the United States from th.e State of Ohio. Also, petition of Carbondale (Kans.) Grange, No. 754, in favor Resolt:ed, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the de· ceased Senator, and in recognition of his distinguished public career, the of bill H. R. 6273-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign House at the conclusion of the exercises of this da.y shall stand ad.iourned. Commerce. Resolved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. Also, petition of Carbondale (Kans.) Grange, in favor of the R~>.<:ol'I:Pd. That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of passage of bill H. R. 10765-tothe Committee on Agriculture. the deceased. By Mr. DINSMORE: Petition of I. A. Gaither and others, of The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the resolutions. Cane Hill, Ark., in favor of the passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver The question was taken, and the resolutions were unanimously bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. agreed to. By Mr. HARRISON: Petition of Carroll Dunham Smith, in favor of bill H. R. 9303-to the Committee on Ways and Means. :Mr. LONGWORTH. Mr. Speaker, in the very brief period By Mr. HEPBURN: Petition of citizens of Parnassns, Pa., that I shall occupy I shall attempt to do nothing more than favoring the passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Com­ merely to record myself as one of those who have assembled here mittee on the Judiciary. to-day to pay the last tribute of loving respect to the memory of By Mr. KETCHAM: Papers to accompany bill granting an in­ Senator MARcus A. HANNA.. The Senate of the United States crease of pension to William Hall-to the Committee on -Invalid has heretofore met for the same purpose, and has paid affection­ Pensions. ate tribute to the memory of their late comrade. The legislature By Mr. WILLIAM W. KITCHIN: Petition of citizens of Stokes, of the State of Ohio, which so short a. time ago that it seems only N.C., in favor of bill H. R. 3574-to the Committee on Ways and yesterday met to pay to him the highest honor that they ever Means. paid any man in the history of the State of Ohio, have within a. By Mr. KNAPP: Petition of the Austen Manufacturing Com­ few days again met to pay to him the last farewell. The country pany, of Oswego, N.Y., in favor of bill H. R. 9303-to the Com­ has spoken, and there is but little left to say. But upon this sol­ mittee on Ways and Means. emn occasion, when we of the Honse have met to add our voice By Mr. l\IIERS of Indiana: Paper to accompany bill to correct to the voices of those who have spoken with eulogy of MARcus A. the militaryrecordof John Hutchison-tothe CommitteeonMili­ HANNA, I count it as a privilege to be permitted to say one brief tary Affairs. word which, although but too inadequate, as I well realize, is none By Mr. PORTER: Resolution of the District of Columbia So­ the less sincere and heartfelt. • ciety, Sons of theAmericanRevolution,relative to the removal of In all the eulogies that I have read and have heard pronounced­ the remains of Commodore John Paul Jones from Paris to the and they have come from the most eminent men of the country­ United States-to the Committee on the Library. the thing that has most impressed me, what has seemed to me to Also, resolution of the District of Columbia Society, Sons of the be the dominant note, has been that of admiration for Senator American Revolution, relative to the translation into English of Il.A.NNA. not only because he was a great statesman and a great a certain work published by the Government of the Republic of and dominant figure in American business and in American poli­ France-to the Committee on Printing. tics, but an admiration for his qualities as a man; and I know of By Mr. RIDER: Petition of the International Brotherhood of no one in American history who so preeminently combined in his Steam Shovel, Dredge, Firemen, Deck Hands, and Scowmen, pro­ make-up those qualities which the American people call ... manly." testing against the United States Government constructing steam His tremendous popularity among the people is all the more re­ dredges, etc.-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. markable because he was not of a. type that usually make the By Mr. RYAN: Paper to accompany bill H. R. 15350, granting popular idol. He was not a great general, though he served honor­ an increase of pension to George Taylor, alias George Parks-to ably in the Army of his country. He was not a great orator of the Committee on In-valid Pensions. the kind that sway men's souls and passions, though he was a. By Mr. WACHTER: Resolution of Decatur Section, No. 20, speaker of great clearness and of immense force. He was not Navy League of the United States, of Cambridge, M?., favoring the the father of, in the sense of having his name inevitably con­ passage of bills S. 2990 and 2991-to the Comm1ttee on Naval nected with, any great public policy. It was not because of those Affairs. qualities which usually appeal to men's hearts that the American By Mr. WILLIAMS of lllinois: Paperstoaccompanybillgrant­ people loved him. It was because they saw in him the typifica­ lng a pension to Margaret Crisell-to the Committee on Pensions. tion of that simple, honest, energetic American manhood that By Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi (by request): Memorial to has made this country the greatest among the nations of the accompany bill authorizing John Cowdon and James Seldon Cow­ earth. don, at their own expense, to do certain public work, etc.-to the Since the sad day in which this great man passed away men of Committee on Rivers and Harbors. all creeds, of all degrees, the high and low, rich and poor. have By Mr. ZENOR: Papers to accompany bill H. R. 15357, grant­ lifted up their voices in eulogy of Senator HA.NN A.. Great orators Ing a.n increase of pension to William Churchill-to the Commit­ have delivered eloquent orations; great writers have contributed tee on Invalid Pensions. literary gems; but to my mind the most eloquent and touching of 1904. -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 5477

all was that unspoken eulogy, if one may be permitted to use such of his death came they all mourned the loss of a distinguished an expression, of the people in the city of Cleveland, men and citizen 9f our common country. women, who stood for hours in the snow, with the thermometer The nation mourns the loss of a foremost citizen and Ohio the at the zero point, waiting to get one last look at the features of death of one of its ablest sons, and I, as an American and an their well-beloved fellow-citizen; those people who lined the Ohioan, wish to add my voice to the universal expression of regret streets and with bared heads and aching hearts watched the fu­ in the death of MARCUS ALONZO HANNA. neral cortege pass on its way to the final resting place; those miners all over the State of Ohio who at the hour of the funeral Mr. GOEBEL. Mr. Speaker, we meet to-day to honor, among laid aside their picks and shovels and joined with those far away others, the memory of MARcus A. HANNA, late a citizen of Ohio in a last tribute of farewell to the man who had proved himself and Senator of the United States. I knew him for many years, their friend. · and our relations were always cordial and pleasant and remained To myself the death of Senator HANNA came as a personal loss. so up to the time of his death. I believe that the first serious thought that I ever had of entering Senator HANNA was a succe~ful business man. He did not, upon a political career came as a result of a conversation I once until 1884 and when he came into the field of politics, attract had with him in this Capitol, shortly after his election to the public attention. From that time forward he was in the public Senate, in which he said that he thought it the duty of every eye. Possessed of a keen intellect, exerting a power to make and young man to whom it was in any way possible to take an inter­ then to take advantage of political conditions and circumstances est in the political questions of the day and to ally himself ac­ as they arose, he soon engrafted his individuality upon his party tively with one of the great parties. in Ohio, which made it possible for his appointment by the gov­ Since that time he was always ready with advice and counsel, ernor as a Senator of the United States to fill the vacancy caused and his unvarying kindliness to me I shall always remember with by the resignation of Senator Sherman and until the meeting of gratitude and with pride. It was my good fortune to be espe­ the legislature. I shall always remember his remarkable contest cially intimately associated with Senator HAN~A during the last before that legislature when he sought an election for the full campaign in Ohio, when as chairman of the speakers' bureau I term, and in which he was successful. had charge of his routine and of the arrangement of his meetings, Senator HANXA. came to the Senate with the prestige of his party and I have often thought that his tremendous labors at that time and as the personal friend of President McKinley. He rose rap­ may have contributed to hasten his last illness. With an energy idly in that body and in the confidence and esteem of the nation, that seemed almost superhuman he insisted in filling not only possessing a strong body, a mind quick of conception honest and those appointments which were made for him by the committee, manly, exercising good business judgment, and bringing them all but also in adding more in response to requests that the commit­ into play, he soon became a power in that body and a recognized tee had refused, and he did so, I have always thought, not so much leader of his party. He was in all respects a safe man, his advice with the desire to gain votes, although he was devoted to his was good, his motives pure, and essentially he became a fa ~tor in cause and intensely partisan, but because he wanted to oblige his shaping legislation of great consequence to our nation. His friend­ friends. The name of MARcus A. HANNA will doubtless go down ship was sincere and lasting. He made enemies, yet in his loyalty through history as one of the great men and unquestionably the to fTiends he never wavered. He was willing to share all the bur­ most forceful individual figure of his day; but his friends will dens as well as the joys of friendship. It was justly said of him keep his memory green. not only because he was a great leader t!lat could he have had a voice as to the eulogies pronounced upon and a great statesman, but because he was a simple. kindly, big­ him he would not countenance false praise nor wish to have hearted American gentleman, who always kept his word and asCiibed to him virtues he did not possess. never went back on a friend. Senator HANNA was but human, so that at times he erred. Then his criticisms of men and measures were rather severe. but he had Mr. CASSINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, my first knowledge of Sen­ so many good qualities that so strongly impressed· themselves ator HANNA was secured years ago before he became particularly upon you, that one soon lost sight of the other ones. He was not active or prominent in State politics, his attention at that time a brilliant man in the full acceptance of that term, yet blended being directed almost entirely to the coal and iron business, with in him were all the elements of an able man, and those elements which he was identified. he exerted for the public good. He was distinctively a man of At the time I refer to I merely knew him by sight and as one of the people. His death was untimely, for his eye had not been the influential business men of the city of Cleveland, Ohio. My dimmed nor his intellect impaired-cut down while in strength impression of him at that time was that he was a man of a stern and usefulness. and distant nature, in whose presence I, at least, would not feel All the world's a stage, comfortable. I also entertained the opinion at that time that he And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; was possessed of but little sympathy for what is known as the And one man in his time plays many parts. "labor element." These opinions of mine were strengthened by newspaper references to him after his entrance into and promi­ Senator HANNA played a leading part in life's drama. He gave nence in national politics as the manager of Mr. McKinley's po­ full measure to his country, and left behind a character that time litical interests. in its fleeting race will not soon effa-ee. The world is better because One day, after my election to Congress, in passing his office he lived. His party will miss a wise counselor, and the nation with a Democratic Member of this body, my companion suggested mourns his loss. that we should go in to see Senator HANNA, to which I objected, being largely influenced in my judgment by the impressions I Mr. SOUTHARD. Mr. Speaker, every man, large or small, is have just referred to with reference to his stern character. in greater or less degree the creature of circumstances, and Sen­ However, we went in and I am glad to say that the kindly man- ator MARcus A. HANNA was no exception to the rule. He was ner in which he received us entirely dissipated the erroneous possessed, however, of those qu.alities of mind and heart which, opinions that I had previously formed concerning his character. under ordinary circumstances, m&ke success certain. He was to After that interview I could readily see why he had become the a very great degroo what is known as a self-made man. He was, great political leader that he was. His sturdy steadfastness to in the first place, a successful business man, and accumulated a friends, his kindly nature, and his recognized ability were the large fortune even for his day and generation, when forttmes are magnetic influences that drew men to him and held them there. measured in millions. His fortune was acquired by honest means His antagonism to the labor element was frequently commented and methods. He had courage-that which is sometimes called npon, in the section of the country where I reside, during the "nerve"-andsound business judgment. Allofhisaccumnlations period of his early attention to State politics, but as the sphere of came as the result of legitimate profits from business conducted his influence broadened into national politics this belief disap- along legitimate lines. He was in no sense a speculator except as peared, and for some time prior to his death he held a place in the the element of speculation enters into all business enterprises. esteem of the laboring class equaled by few, if any, men in pub- His strong personality, his courage, and his self-reliance made lie life. On the day of his burial at his home city the evidences him a leader in business as he afterwards became a leader in pub­ of the high esteem and regard in which he was held by all classes, lie affairs. especially by the labor class, were strilring features of that sad From a very modest beginning as clerk in his father's store, he occasion. became the head of large transportation companies and manu- The Democratic party recognized him as an able political an- factnring and mining concerns. tagonist, one who not only enjoyed the confidence of the substan- He enjoyed a high reputation for honesty, integrity, and fair tial and corporate interests of the country but also that of the dealing. His word was his bond, and it is said that neither was ever great army of wage-earners. questioned. He was widely known and as widely respected as a The bulletins describing his condition during his last illness Ibus iness man long before he became a politician and a statesman. were watched with interest by persons in all condition.s of life No man. perhap.s,evercommanded the confidence of the business without regard to party affiliations, and when the announcement men of the countl'Y to a greater degree. ~ 5478 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24,

I had known cf him many years as a business man and as a Re­ Senator. TP.ere were at le~st 10,000 politicians and business men, publican in politics before I came to know him personally tn 1895. all representative men -from every part of that great Common­ . He was then deeply interested in the nomination of William Mc­ wealth. Kinley for PresidE-nt. He had assumed the management of his All this time Pre3ident McKinley was perhaps the most popular preconvention campaign. Mr. HANNA himself was an ardent pro- .and the man most beloved in his party and :Mr. Hanna was his tectionist. . trusted friend. Undeserved abuse, criticism, slander: and libel, It was thought almost universally at that time that protection­ persistently indulged in, aided factious opposition in creating this ism and not free silver would become ·the dominating or para- anomalous political condition. If Mr. Hanna was seriously dis­ , mount issue. He believed McKinley to be the logical candidate turbed by these things his friends ·generally did not know it. of the party. He believed also in McKinley, and he loved him as . I saw him frequently during that intensely bitter struggle which a brother. Mr. HANNA was then in the full strength of matured immediately preceded his first election. He was always composed manhood. He had had wide experience in organizing and han­ and cheerful, with never an unkind word for those who were op­ dling men. He had never held political office, but he was not a posing him. novice in political methods. He had always taken more or less In his election to the United States Senate he found increased interest in public affairs, and twice, at least, had he been elected opportunity to make himself known and understood by the people. a delegate to the national convention. For some years he had He had for a long time been a large employer of labor, and all been rather a prominent figure in the rather factional strife those who had been associated with him, as employees or other­ which prevailed in the State at that time. wise, were his friends. The erroneous impressions as to his char­ Here is where mY a.cquaintance with Mr. H..urnA commenced. acter could not last. They had no solid foundation on which to Afterwards, up to the time of his death, I met him frequently and rest. Laboring men grew to trust him and to believe in him. thought I got to know him fairly well. With the commencement While he differed as to important matters with many of those of the campaign which resulted in the nomination and election known as "labor leaders," they became, as a rule, exceedingly of McKinley as President began what may be termed his public well disposed, because they knew him to be friendly, frank, fair, career. It was short, but eventful. · and courageous. From the very beginning he became prominent, and his promi­ At the time of his death there was probably no more popular nence increased to· the end. Perhaps no one short of McKinley and beloved man in the nation. He was exceptionally loyal himself exercised a greater influence in public affairs. During to his friends, and they were strongly attached to him. It has the early part of this period he was hated by millions. During the been said frequently that he was not an orator. This depends latter part many of those who had hated him had learned to love on what we adopt as a definition for oratory. All agree that he him, and millions were singing his praises. Few men have been was an original thinker and a clear and convincing speaker. more viciously misrepresented and villainously slandered by those Speaking of his career in the Senate, one of its members says: who spoke without knowledge or a desire to obtain it. A man '' He took his initiation pitted against eighty-nine old gladiators with less strength and fortitude would have sunk beneath the of debate, and he who is willing to do justice to this man's fame · load. He lived to rise triumphant over all, and when he died there must admit that from his entrance here until his death, on all was not one whom the nation could not better afford to lose. questions political and commercial, he maintaineil his place in In organizing the campaign for the McKinley nomination he the very first rank of the strongest debaters in the Senate. No displayed the same qualities which had made him successful in ordinary man could have done that.'' Another speaks of him business. Energy and method characterized all his work. . as a powerful and convincing speaker. One thing is certain, The high character of McKinley and the fact that he stood as he became popular as a public speaker, and the people turned the embodiment of the protection idea contributed much to his out to hear him in large numbersin whatever part of the country nomination, but the consummate organizing ability of Mr. HANNA he chanced to be. made the victory an easy one. After the nomination he became He obtained hi.s early education in the common schools, buthis the chairman of the national committee, and it was during this grasping and retentive mind put him in possession of a store of campaign of 1896 that he displayed those masterful abilities which useful knowledge that enabled him to understand and deal with challenged universal attention and fixed his status as the greatest intricate business or state problems. • political organizer of his day. I believe the campaign of 1896 the He was one of the most considerate and obliging of men; at most remarkable in our history. It was from its inception a cam­ least. that is the way he impressed his friends. He at once in­ paign of education. The issues were clearly defined, and they spired confidence and affectionate regard, and when he passed were real issues. The discussion of them aroused much of class away the tears that were shed were the evidence of unfeigned feeling. Mr. HANNA was a wealthy man. He was known to be sorrow. a close friend and adviser of the candidate for President. He His time in the Senate covered a period of about seven years. at once became the target for the grossest abuse and the most He was always helpful in shaping policies and determining legis­ vituperative slander. lation. Few men with so short a service can be said to have ac­ Among other things, he was characterized as a man of corrupt complished so much. It is perhaps too early to assign to Mr. methods and a cruel, tyrannical oppressor of labor. While noth­ HANNA his proper place among the great men that Ohio has given ing was further from the truth, he was in no position to make a to the nation, but we can rest assured that 'history will accord to personal defense. By the close of the campaign it became as set­ him high honor and that he will be held in grateful remembrance tled conviction in the minds of millions of men and women that by a patriotic people. these vile statements were true. So persistently were these slan­ ders circulated that in his Statetheywerefora ~e generally be­ Mr. TAWNEY. Mr. Speaker, when the lives of great men lieved by those whq did not personally know MARcus A. HANNA. come to a close, it is well that, in accord with historic custom, we When McKinley became President it was his desire that Mr. pause to honor their memories and think upon the institutions, HANNA should be called to the Senate. It is not difficult to see the movements, of which they were a part. It were an interesting why the President wished to have him there. He had been Mc­ task for some idle hour to imagine what our body politic would Kinley's friend and adviser, and no one had had better opportu- be if such men as the late lamented Senator HANNA were endowed nity to discover his true worth. . with earthly immortality, what changes would result if their in­ He was first appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the fluence and power continued to grow forever. Could democratic selection of Senator Sherman as Secretary of State. Afterwards institutions long continue to flourish if such were the law? An he was twice chosen to represent his State in the United States All-Wise Providence has ordered it otherwise. As one after Senate, each time under circumstances and conditions differing another of the strong towers of the nation's citadel are laid low, widely from the other. Preceding each election he had received we witness a never-ceasing spectacle of change. It is said that the indorsement of the State convention of his party. His candi­ if there were no moon to attract the waters, there would be no ebb dacy was the dominating issue in e~ch campaign, and I think it and flow of the sea; and the stillness which follows the death of a can be fairly stated that the difference in the results in these two great man resembles nothing so much as the pause of the waves very spirited contests fairly measured his growth and advance­ if the moon were swept from the sky. ment in favor with the people of his State. When we analyze the current of our national affairs and seek The first election was carried by only a few thousand; the one the causes which explain it we find somewhere in the shadows of _ occurring six years later by more than 100,000, an unprecedented the bordering hills great men who, like the mothers of legend majority in Ohio. Notwithstanding his ante-election indorsement and song, keep watch at the springs of life. They mold the in 1897, it became uncertain that he would be elected Senator. needs of men and supply the foods. to satisfy them. They plan The business men of the State arose in their might and demanded and project their plans·into the political and industrial life of the that the expressed will of the party at the polls should be re­ nation. They initiate and control the policies of government. spected. I do not believe that another such meeting was ever held, They become bureaus for the wisdom and power of the land, so composed entirely of the people of a single State, as that which that other men must work and speak through them. Such a assembled in Columbus in January, 1898, to protest against the center of influence and power was Senator HANNA. But, sir, e.ffort then being made to prevent the selection of Mr. HANNA for Senator liANNA held a position in our national life in many ways ~------~------

1904. - r CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5479

unique. · He represented as possibly no other-man of the present lin mind wandering rendered him incapable of prolonged and dar the close relation .between commerce and· national politics. concentrated mental effort. Wherever he was and whatever his ~ 1t b~ t~e. that" commerce follows th~ fiag," there is a sense task: he was master of himself and his resom·ces. Who among m which 1t IS also true that "commerce IS being." the many men with whom he was associated was more alert and It sometimes happens that commercial interests are established receptive than he? Who was quicker witted, more fertile in before political relationship. Commercial relations sometimes planning, or more prompt in aetion? Who was truer to his make political relations expedient and even necessary. Indeed friends and party? Who was more fearful to his enemies? sir. I hold it true that commerce follows human taste and need' Senator HANNA's philosophy of life was simple and practical. and the flag, commerce. Where on the face of the earth can hu~ He may have lacked many graces of conduct; he may have lacked man tastes change without affecting the currents of our foreign the tact to accomplish his ends without sharp clash of opposing trade? Where are the needs of men altered by civilization or un­ forces; but when the day of battle came and the fight was on he civilizing influences without producing demands which commerce was farseeing, com·ageous, prepared. For Senator HANNA's life alon~ can ~upply?. ~d. what nation is t~ere which does not pro­ was not an ideal ore, but- tect Its ships and Its Citizens and seek fnendly political relations Iron dug from central gloom to increase their wealth and straighten their commercial paths And heated hot with burning fears, throngh the seas? Senator HANNA'S life, I repeat in a peculiar And dipped in baths ot' hissing tsars, And battled with the shock of doom way illustrates this relation. ' To shape and use. Called home from college after a single year by the sickness of his father he devoted himself after his twentieth year to mercantile ~eith:er the gra~es of solitu~e and meditation nor the capacity life. In an incredibly short space of time he became one of the for mtngue an~ diJ?lomacy whicp. characterize ~ore complex mat­ captains of business in and about his home city in the State of ters can explam his power. H1s creed was srmple· his life was filled with usefulness, and no Gibraltar rock eve~ stood more Ohio. Hi~ growth :was pheno~enal. I_Ie dispos.ed of his grocery trade and mvested m coal and Iron. His factones and foundries firmly on its broad base than he. m?ltiplied; he became a master of the iron trade; he studied coal In politics he was guided by the sublime feeling of his party an.d he possessed that essence of all the virtues-sincerity. ~mes and bought coal lands; he studied the iron trade and bought Me~ 1ron lands and boats to carry the ore. He built the first steel ship thinks I hear that gruff apostle of sincerity, Thomas Carlyle on the Great Lakes and became intimately associated as a part mutter fr?m his, t-omb," I car~ not what creed a man professes: owner of those great and productive iron mines of Minnesota at Sperators. He became a director of the Globe Ship Man­ Judgment merely to smt the currents of popular opinion, he was ufacturing Company, of Cleveland; president of the Union Na­ 11;evertheless, of all men, quic~ to abandon his own private posi: tional Bank, of that city; president of the Cleveland City Railway tio? and adopt the ~lans of his party when once they had pre­ v.ailed. He was, aga;m. the common-sense business man in poli­ Comp~ny; pre~ident of th~ Cha~in Mining Compa!ly, on Lake SuperiOr. He mterested hliDSelf m theaters, and was the propri­ tics, content to do his best both as counselor and as committee­ etor of a successful playhouse; and in all these varied business man for the cause he had espoused. experiences he did net fail to discover that the policies of the And where, in t~e history of America, have two men stood so Government, the laws of industry and trade, determined to a very closely and beautifully together through a period of so many great extent the possibilities of our national commercial growth. years as MARK HANNA and William McKinley? In the presence of the martyred President, HANNA was always charmed and chas­ Con~equ~ntly he became interested in the political platforms of parties, m party leaders, in industrial institutions and in com- tened. That friendship buoyed up his spirit in dark and trying mercial legislation. ' . hours. Tlli?king over their splendid loyalty, we find ourselves suddenly mmdful of that other friendship, immortal in Hebrew ~riendship for William McKinley, which began in IJ. lawsuit in whwh these two men took opposing sides grew into a warm admira­ legend and song-the friendship of Jona than and David. "Then tion, and in 1896 he began directing the ~ampaigns which resulted J?nathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as in the nomination, the election, and the reelection of that im­ his own soul. * * * Then said Jonathan unto David What- mortal patriot and statesman to the Presidency of the nation. soever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee." ' 'Y~rld, ~nator ~ANNA, as e~eryone knows, was chairman of the Repub­ Here, if any:where in the were two souls knit together lican natiOnal comnnttee from 1896 to his death and was him­ by a .common 1dea of manly hvmg and the common conviction as self elected to the Senate of the United States frdm the State of to wtse and beneficent political policies. More forceful perhaps Ohio in 1897, and reelected to that position only a few short weeks than his more honored friend, HANNA had devoted him~elf with~ prior to his death. He grew in wealth not so much because he out reserye to t~e other'~ po~tical interests, and by a "stoop of the soul, m be~dmg upraiSes It, too," accomplished his generous prized ~ich~s as because he was b?rn with tenacity of purpose and an mstinct for mastery. He t<>iled desperately but he toiled task. Att~eti~e of that awful calamity which laid the President with his head more than with his hands. Probably'there was not low upon his bier, HANNA suffered a wound from which he never another man in America who possessed so accurate a detailed recovered. It ag~d him per~eptibly; and let us hope that those knowledge of the many branches of business life in which he was two modest, darmg champiOns have entered into that perfect interested. friendship of all the good and great. The instinct for mastery over the conditions of life was power­ I ~an not clo~ J?Y remar~ without saying that I profoundly ful in him, as it is in all strong men. He loved freedom from the admu~ HAN~A s Sim~le s_olution of the labor situation of to-day. limitations that make life meaningless to countless thousands He belie~ed m organiZation on both sides of that question. He and sought freedom for himself and his friends alike. It was fo~ was, perhaps, t~e ~st great indus.trialleaderto nstrnction of the isthmian canal, his deep 1s the Golden Rule applied to industrial relations. concern for the relations between labor and capital and his loyal In ~h~ later ye~rs of his_lif.e, whe~ approached by the officers of ~nd effi.cie~t aid to the political interests of.his great friend, Wil­ th~ ~VIc Federa~on for a~d m s~ttling labor controversies, it was liam McKinley, were part and parcel of his determination to be this s~ple practice and aim wh.wh appealed to his judgment and free. His motives were simple and manly; his methods were the won his support. The people of America all know how valuable methods of that straightforward business honesty in which as a w:ere his direct efforts, guided by this rule, in settling industrial youth: he was trained. ' disputes. In the February number of the National Magazine he is reported as saying: I ~ow of no j~t measure of theabilityof men save the degree to which they achieve mastery over the conditions of life. He is I am finally convinced that it (the Civic Federation whose motto is the Golden Rule), is the ob~ect to which I desire to conseerate the remaining strong who makes the forces of the world pour their treasures into YOO:rs of my life. * * . I am sure that the American people will sustain a the coffers of the institutions he represents. No breezes blowwhich policy, based.upon the ~g~est moral and social impulses, which will elimi­ do not fill his sails. For him all knowledge all moral influence nate the pa..."Bionate preJudices that now exist between capital and labor. ~nd all wealth exist. If there are obstacles, 'he overcomes them; I kn~w of but ~ne sta~dard. by which to judge the wisdom of if there ar~ battles to be fought, in the end he wins them; if any philosophy- bytheiTfrmts ye shall know them·" and in all the~e are tJ:iends to be supported and great causes to be sustained, t~e liter.atu;e of social theory I find but one theory of human ac­ he IB suffiment. Judged by this standard, Senator HANNA was tion which Is at once adequate and practical, the theory that con­ one of th.e greatest men of this great age. No weakness of will duct should aim at and realize the common good of all concerned. no faltenng on the threshold of action, marked his life; no maud: In the greatest of all poems of the nineteenth century and the

- -~ 5480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24, most philosophical poem of all literature Goethe represents Faust seeking public favor he never pandered to public prejudice and· as setting out upon the search for a moment of complete happi­ passion, but fought to overcome that prejudice. ness. Mephistopheles agrees to bring him to such a moment. Senator HANNA was a leader, and that statement needs no cor~ They have formed a contract, signed in blood. If Mephisto suc­ roborative testimony from me. He was a leader because he had ceeds, Faust will surrender his soul as a forfeit. The devil tries strength of purpose and strength of character and because he had him with the love of a woman, then with wealth, then with art the implicit confidence not only of those who were his friends, but and culture, then with power and infl.uence in the state. of those who were opposed to him. From each experience Faust turns away disappointed; but at As I have said, Senator HANNA was a man of heart as well as last, when he has grown old and weary of failure, he becomes ab­ of brain. His heart was big and it was tender. Strong himself, sorbed in draining a marsh and turning it into a public park. It he sympathized with the weak. No friend of Senator HANNA is a labor for the good of the public in which he has abandoned ever had a better and truer friend than Senator H.!..NNA. He forever the hope of satiating his own Titanic passions, and behold! would fight for his friend's honor as quickly, and perhaps more to his own amazement he is supremely blest, profoundly content. quickly, than for his own honor. He sympathized with and ex­ In joy he cries out to the moment when he sees his task complete, tended a he1ping hand to those who were in rustress or suffering. "Oh, still delay-thou art so fair." Mephistopheles at once Senator HANNA has gone, but his influence will remain and con­ claims the forfeit of Faust's soul, but all in vain. Faust bas tinue to grow with us. As a man he has left an impress for good wrought his own salvation in an humble effort to uplift the world. upon all with whom he came in contact. As a public citizen he Let us believe that in this simple faith lies the solution of all has left an impress for good upon the entirecountry. The world our problems. Let us hope that with education and social prog­ is better because he lived in it, and more can not be said of any man. ress a glad day may dawn when all men may live by this creed. We find, sir, in the life of the late Senator HANNA an example of Mr. BRICK. Mr. Speaker, MARCUS A. HA.rrnA. is dead. An­ the wisdom of that ancient Nazarene who said: "Except a corn other great man in the zenith of his fame and power of good has of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone; but if it die, reached his journey's end. it bringeth forth much fruit." We are glad that we knew MAR­ . Again in the marvel of life we are standing rapt and helpless OGS A. HANNA, and we ate thankful for the memory in whose m the presence of the profoundest mystery of human destiny­ ample courts the dead become our sceptered sovereigns, whose death-the precipice that marks the deepest, darkest tragedy, the 8pirits ru1e us fromt heir tombs. end of each and all. Our friend has gone, and on its ragged edge we stand in listen­ Mr. BEIDLER. Mr. Speaker, it is probable that my acquaint­ ing love, waiting for the so1;1nd of a voice that comes back only ance with the late Senator ~A, commencing as it did over in the trouble of the waves that break uoon the fretful shore. thirty years ago, was a longer acquaintance than that enjoyed by But to me the gTeatest mystery is life.~ any other Member of the House. And living in the same district The flower unfolds in bursting bud and falling leaf. with him, and being engaged in the same business avocation as It lingers for awhile in sweet perfume, to fade away and then he, we were frequently thrown together in business matters long to bloom again. . before he ga""Ve any great attention to politics. In January, 1885, What shall we do? What words can we say? over nineteen years ago, he submitted to me a proposition to enter There is the sunshine and beauty, a glad song in the sky, the into business relations with him, which, however, was never con­ bee's quiet hum of rich content in a wealth of sweetness, and then summated. In July of 1900, after the national convention held the cruel thorn, many struggles, the torn flesh, and a tear. in Philadelphia, and after I had received the nomination for Con­ There comes a far cry, a tree falls in the forest dim and dusk, gress, I called on him at his office: and he gave me the warmest the flower is crushed, and over the debris the world moves on. and most cordial welcome, saying that he would assist me in But the fragrance of the flower that has been will forever hang every way in his power, which he did, and upon ruy election he round the hearts that will be. assisted me in all matters pertaining to the district which I have The grave is the mother of universal pain and every human the honor to represent. My recollections of Senator Ha""NA are sorrow, but.in its mysterious depths it also cradles the birth of of the most kindly character. . every high resolve and the love of bird, and beast, and man. I will leave it for others, whose eloquence better fits them to do Again the mystery-in the alchemy of life the rainbow of in~ so, to speak of Senator HANNA's achievements in business and finite love "is only seen through the moisture of a tear. public life. I shall pay my humble tribute to him as a man of How unutterably barren and cheerless would this world ba many sterling qualities of heart and brain, for he was a man of without its monumental grave, without the huge and thoughtful heart as well as of brain. The same qualities that contributed silence of all its mighty dead. to his success in business life made him a strong and commanding The stringless lyre, the voiceless songs immortal! they fill the figru·e in national public life. To those who had known him only halls of memory with their harmonies, wondrous sweet and kind, since his memorable part in the nomination and election of the late that tell of all that is and of all that man would like to be. They and lamented President McKinley, Mr. HANNA's rise seemed al­ tell us of all the noble doings, the joys and sorrows. the ecstacies most meteoric. But his was not a comet-like flight upward. and grief, the agonizing frailty, and the victories of all the good From early manhood he was an active political worker. He did and great since time began. not spring from business life into successful political life with one They sound the sublimest symphony that was ever touched and bound. He started at the bottom of the ladder, working in the played upon the harp of a thousand strings in the love of hearth wards and precincts of Cleveland as nhe ward and precinct workers and home and wife and child and friend. work to-day. It was there that he learned the rudiments of-poli­ And we are born again to nobler things in the longings of a tics, and there that he learned the lessons which contributed so softened heart. largely to his success in the great arena of national politics. He Yes; it is too true. MARK HANNA has left us, after having en­ learned to know and to understand men. riched the world with an honest, faithful, sincere life, to return Senator~A was a fighter. His business, as well as his public no more. . life, was one long fight. He was a man who preferred defeat after He needs no words for fame, no apologies for rest. fighting to victory gained by the tricks and wiles of demagoguery. He grandly fought and serenely died in the full fruition of his His political life was largely a repetition of his business life. His highest powers and noblest thought, in the splendid harvest time methods of reaching results were the same. He made enemies of the nation's greatness. right and left, but while these enemies hated him, they also feared He lived to see the end of all he had worked for and dreamed of. him, and at the same time admired him. They admired in him He lived long enough to watch the shadows fall at noon by the the very qualities that made them his enemies, and when he was bedside of his dearest friend, the nation's martyred hero, the kind­ called to the life beyond, there was not one who did not grie-ve est, gentlest, tenderest memory of the world, the idol of his manly deeply and sincerely. Senator IiANNA made enemies because he heart, and the type and flower of an American Christian gentle­ was a strong man; and when a man, especially in public life, is man. strong he arouses strong enmities. A man can afford to have With him he had lived to see the culmination of all their hopes, enemies if they admire him. The same qualities that made financial stabill ty, exalted citizenship, American victory, expanded enemies for Senator HANNA likewise made him friends. No man glory, and commercial supremacy. had more loyal friends. McKinley's gentle spirit took its flight, his troubles ended then, Senator ~A was conservative; he believed in treading the and in the dusk of twilight MARK HANNA wandered on a while, paths that were tried· and safe. His warning to the people of this with a great burden pressing down his heart, till at last he, too, country to " stand pat" was not a warning to stand still. His fell asleep. now famous " stand pat" meant that the people should continue And now his labor's o'er. to enforce those policies that have brought peace and prosperity They have joined each other, through the darkness and in the to the land and happiness to the people. In his public and in his dawn. beyond 'the mystery of life and death. business career he never stooped to the tricks of the demagogue. And we are left to pay a tribute to ourselves in the laurel wreath Demagogy he fought as he would have fought a pestilence. In we place upon their tomb. 1904. CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE. 5481 .

Death is always sad, and in its pathos comes the thought-after But I shall always remember him best for the splendid qualities all his struggles and his triumphs, his kind acts, illustrious deeds, of his heart. . the things done and the things he would have liked to do-why Honesty, sincerity, and friendship filled the life of all who knew could not he have remained with us yet a little longer, in the de­ him with sunshine. served praise and friendly admiration of the many millions of his He was successful in everything he undertook, but money could fellow-men who loved him living, and who love him now, with not spoil him, nor fame and power pervert him. head bowed down in speechless grief for their good friend gone. He believed, through very instjnct, that a kind act was brighter Honesty, sincerity, and manly courage are the pillars of the than gold, more enduring than the stars. State. He believed that in the cross and crown of life and death we No true work was ever wasted, and sine-9 the world began no are nearer to God as we draw closer to man. true life has ever failed. 'Ihat there is no pearl ever born in the deep sea's deepest mys­ It is an endless thread running through all eternity. tery, no sun-defying crest that ever hung on beauty's brow, no The spirits of men never die; they live forever, and walk abroad star that lights the wanderer's path of doubt and fear, no word forever among the children of men. of praise, no sparkling gem of jeweled joy. that could ever vie If you fail, yon wrong everybody. with the light of a friendly eye, with the lustier of the moisten­ If yon fill your niche and fill it well, you are a hero. ing drop that lingers down a manly fa.ce for another's so1:row. And in the precursored fulfillment of life's problems there are Fame may die in a day, but the heart it will live on forever. no degrees of heroism. Be was a kindly, loving, generous, manly man, true to life, In the immortality of human achievement there is no death for true down to the very gates of night. My friend Harry S. Ches­ an honest faithful life. ter, of Indiana, has beautifully written a little poem that tells in There never was a grave dug to smother in its bosom the sun­ simple pathos of the parting of two great men-of a parting in beam of a heart throb. the purple twilight on the ever-widening shore, where the stream There never will be a night black enough to enshroud the luster of HANNA's lifo was emptying in the sunset sea. of a star-led thought. A. FEW WORDS FROM THE HEART. Every brave and loyal act presses Time so close it dulls his busy MY DEA..R MR. PRESIDENT: You touched n. tender spot, old man, when you scythe. called personally to inquire after me this a. m. I may be worse before I can And MARK H..u."NA. filled his niche complete. be batter, but all the same such " drops" of kindness are good for a fellow. He was a loved and loving man, sympathetic, upright, and ab­ Sincerely, yom-s, solutely honest. M. A . .H..u.--N A. In the precious thoughts, the noble images, and the spotless DEAR SE..~A.TOR: Indeed it is your letter from your sick bed which is character left behind, he haB given to the world the richest, rarest touching-not my visit. May you very soon be with us again, old fellow, as legacy of any man·s work and worth. strong in body and as vigorous in your leadership and your friendship as ever. He was faithful to every trust of life-true to himself and Faithfully, yours, THEODORE ROOSEVELT. • friend. And above all that he has done which may live after him, he possessed the one grer..t elemental virtue that makes men You touched a tender spot, old man, you touched a tender spot; eternal. These little drops of kindness help a fellow out a lot. He was part of the universe, brother of the air, the sea, the God bll'ss the sweet expression, for it came from out the heart. soil. and every man, however humble, was his brother. With all the deep affection that a friendship can impart. His brain was warmed by the rich red blood from the heart. "God bless you, dear old fellow, for you struck a tender ch·Jrd, As true in wealth of beauty as our human hearts afford. And he had a heart to feel and know that all flesh and blood are May you be with us years to come is all I wish for you, human; that each poor, struggling soul has the same hopes, the My dear old fellow, from a. friend, most faithfully and true." same joys and sorrows, and that their hearts yearn for friendship How grand if all the world were blest with such a human strain, and bleed at scorn and contumely the same as his-a heart that How many hearts o'erburdened now would have surcease from pain; beat in sympathy with every human being that toils with arm or "Old fellow" and "old man," ah, these expressions from the soul, brain. Would drive out bitterness and hate and put love forever in control. Through all his days it was oak and " stainless to the core." The world, our country, is greater and grander in his life, and Through all his days and nights it throbbed for the poor and we his friends are braver, better, truer, kindlier men in his death. weak. And on this blessed day we consecrate to him, all over the broad Mr. LOVERING. Mr. Sp~aker, no man goes out of the worl

_ AI:d now we say that he is dead.- What do we mean? Only vance, build up, foster, and improve the conditions of our people that he ha., taken the one short step from earth to heaven. One and country than were the policies advocated by any other party short step fTOm life to life eternal. - One short step from the mortal seeking success at the hands of the voters. He devoted his time to the immortal. The one short step that sooner or later must and great abilities to the advancement of those principles and be taken by one and all. achieving success for the policies which with all his heart and force h~ advocated. Our country to-day has a brilliant record of _ Mr. SMITH of illinois. Mr. Speaker, life comes to us without the euccess achieved under his guidance and masterful manage­ our asking, and that peaceful sleep which, with all the wisdom of ment. the ages, we have not yet been able to fully solve or look upon Many may envy his accomplishments, but does anyone now without some lingering dread or heart quiverings, and which, for doubt the sincere and earnest belief he entertained in the benefits want of a better or more expressive term, we call" death," will­ which would accrue from the success of the principles he advo­ come to all, whether we crave its coming or try to ward it off. cated? The American people are noted for doing justice to abil­ To all intelligent e::ristence it seems there is some life work, ity, intelligence, and principle, even though the mead of praise great or small, for each to perform. P1·ominence is achieved by may for a time be deferred, and to-day Senator HANNA's memory many in various walks of life. Some grow great in war, others receives the reward of praise which his life work deserves. in statesmanship, others in diplomacy, others in ecclesiastical I often feel that 'twould be better far to cheer by words of fields, others in science and the arts, others in the business world, praise and encourage by acts of commendation the efforts, work, and still others in what is ROmetimes te1·med the "humbler walks and accomplishments of friends while yet they tread the paths of of life;" but in all and through all there seems to be an eternal life, struggling and laboring in the interest of all, than wait till fitness of things, and we can not avoid, try it though we may, after their life work is completed and then scatter flowers o'er the feeling and conviction that all our life work, energies, and their windowless tombs and laud their virtues, their abilities, efforts are in some manner unknown to us; in some mysterious their labors, and their patriotism, when their ears are closed to way, at least, influenced if not marked out for all. all the sounds of encomiums and praises which then, and so often During my terms of service in Congress our flag has on various only then, are expressed. occasions floated at half-mast over the Capitol building. During No one is perfect; all have their faults, their failings, their this time twenty Senators, one Vice-President, and eighty Mem­ shortcomings. We do not expect perfection here, and since this bers of the lower House have answered the last roll call, fallen at is the universal law, the mantle of charity should be borne by every their post of duty while serving their country and constitu~nci es individual, ready at all times to be thrown about the shoulders of in thEJir respective capacities. Some of them thus falling asleep anyone when criti,.ism or calumny is directed against him, before with their official robes about them had achieved such prominence he exercises the right to seriously criticise or impugn the motives as to have become world known; others had acquired national of his friend. Before criticising, would it not be more generous reputations, and still others are remembered for their hard work and eminently more charitable to hesitate, and say, "I may be and splendid results in a more humble and limited sphere; but all mistaken; he may be right; before passing judgment I will in­ have received the encomiums of their people and words of com­ vestigate?'' And after this is done we all can say, '' 'Twas better mendation and praise from their colleagues in the halls of Con­ far to take this course than wait till after death tq determine, and gress. Each one has filled with credit the little space allotted him. then strew flowers of eloquence over the cold and cheerless apart­ and their memories are cherished by an appreciative people and ment to which we have consigned the body of our friend." the friends they knew in life. AB wanderers in a world which, in the light of developing sci­ On the 14th day of September, 1901, our flag fell to half-mast ence and discoveries, is as yet but little known, something con­ by reason of the death of President McKinley, taken from us by tinuously whispers to our inner selves that " 'Tis not the whole the hand of an assassin, we know not why, at what appeared to of life to live, nor all of death to die." Into each life, whether be the noontide of his usefulness. He left us mourned by the na­ among the civilized or uncivilized, there comes a feeling, bidden tions of earth and loved by the people of our whole country; but or unbidden, some longing for a future, some kind of a conscious his works live after him, and hia memory will be cherished in the existence after the walls of earth's charnel house are broken down. hearts of his countrymen for all time. McKinley lived through Shall we say that this is but a dream? If but a dream, why should periods of history making, and his name is written, in words our intelligence be always haunted with it? I prefer to believe which can never be effaced, on the brightest pages of the history that instead of dreams such feelings are realities, inspired by that of those times. When his body was being carried to and ten­ part of our being which to mortal ken is yet unknown. derly placed in its windowless apartment at Canton, Ohio. busi­ The mystery of life has never yet been fully solved; perhaps ness throughout the entire country ceased and silence reigned. 'tis better thus. A veil is hanging 'twixt this and that we know No grander evidence of the feelings of the great heart of this na­ not of, through which we can not look and feast our eyes on tion has ever before been exhibited. He left an example of honor, visions beyond, but glintings reach us at every turn in life and integrity, unswerving devotion to duty, and an exalted patriotism lead us on in thought, with hope which lingeringly looks and worthy of the commendation and emulation of all. Throughout longingly waits for some bright rays, until we feel that at some the future history of this country the memory of William McKin­ time, somewhere, and in some sphere, which as yet we can not ley will live--live in the hearts of our people. unbesmirched and explore, we'll meet again the wanderers-who have glided from us unsullied, and his acts, works, and efforts will stand as beacon here. May we not still fondly hope that as earth's beautiful lights to which others may look with profit in the days to visions fade and what we now call death has kissed our eyelids come. down, we are then but entering a brighter sphere and higher ex­ February 15, 1904, our flag again floated at half-mast as the istence than this, where we are now enveloped by shadows and -whispered words were passed from lip to lip that" Senator MARcus all our paths are sprinkled with our tears. A. HANNA is dead." Self-made, as we call it, Senator HANNA's From earth's life Senator HANNA has disappeared. His sphere life was a busy one. Born in New Lisbon, Columbiana County, in life was well filled; his duties well, faithfully, honestly, and Ohio, September 24, 1837, he forged his way by honest effort and honorably performed. The world is better for his having lived hard work to business prominence in a busy world. He attained in it. He worked for the betterment and upbuilding of mankind, wealth by honest effort, business intelligence, and level-headed and, as he said, was ready to devote the remainder of his life to sagacity. He accomplished this not by pulling others down, but the worh."ing out of the great questions of labor and capital, which by applying business principles and availing himself of the op­ will still be vexing subjects for years to come; but it was not portunities which his country afforded. What Senator HANNA given him to continue and complete this work. He outlived the did in a business way others with the same energy and persever­ slurs and vituperations which in the earlier part of his active po­ ance may accomplish in this grand Commonwealth of ours. By litical career had been hurled at and heaped upon him, and to-day his indomitable energy and untiring efforts he builded a business partisan politics are hushed as with bowed heads, intelligent monument in life around which his thousands of employees have men, members of one of the greatest legislative bodies of any cast their garlands of approbation, and over the cold sods which government on earth, bound together with the warmest feelings cover his remains to-day they are dropping their tears of sympa­ of friendship, inspired by love of patriotism, always ready and thy and expressing their regret-s that one of their warmest friends willing to recognize real merit wherever found, and ever com­ has passed away. - - mending noble aspirations, join hand and heart in offering their While always active in politics in a limited sense, yet not until tribute of respect to his memory and commending his ea1·nest, 1896 did he take such part in political affairs as to make him a unselfish, and patriotic life work to those who come after him. national character and a prominent figure in political life; but Peace to his ashes! Honor to his integrity, his ability, his ster­ from the time of his selection as chairman of the Republican na­ ling manhood! He left us mourned by an appreciative people. tional committee Senator HANNA's name was known throughout May we all fn'Ofit by his example. the world. A Republican from principle, he stood unhesitatingly, While to Senator HANNA we to-day utter our faltering good-by, unswervingly, and uncompromisingly for the success of the poli­ yet when the sunburst of eternity dawns upon us, we hope, we cies of his party, believing fully, as no one now questions he did, expect, and we believe that somewhere, at some time, and in some that the success of these policies were better calculated to ad- higher sphere we'll meet again. 1904.-. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5483

•. Mr. KYLE. Mr. Speaker, there is, it is said "a tide in the affairs hibited the traits of honesty, inflexible integrity, and a sacred of man which taken at the flood leads on to fortune." Many of us regard for the rights of others. He was true to bimself, true to are painfully reminded that with the tide the opportunity passes his friends, true to country, and true to Christian civilization. away like ships that pass in the night, unseen, unheard, never to His convictions were of the conscience enlightened by the judg­ return again. Mr. HANNA, while a young man, active, energetic, ment and reason, and were never surrendered for the sake of ex­ obserTant, and watchful, saw his opportunity, recognized it, pediency. He was a conspicuous example of that type of our seized it, used it, and with it rode the tide at its flood from hum­ great men who have been distinguished for the persistency with ble surroundings to the exalted place that he held in the hearts of which they have adhered to their convictions of justice, honor, the whole American people: and while on the highest wave of his and right. The grandest treasures of a republic are its manly popularity the waters receded from under him, and he was buried men, and in the death of Mr. HANNA the country has suffered an from our sight forever. Over his faults all are content to spread irreparable loss. the mantle of charity, but his good deeds are the heritage of the His life was gentle, and the elements whole people, share and share alike. So mix'd in him, that Nature-might stand up I did not know him intimately, but well. I first knew him per­ And say to all the world, "This was a man I" sonally in 1896 at the St. Louis convention, and met him often, Naturalists tell us that birds of paradise fly swiftest against the always, however, in matters of politics, from that time on. I took wind and gather strength from the opposing gale. When Mr. part, in a humble way, in his memorable campaign for the United HANNA. entered public life no man was more misunderstood, more States Senate, when the will of the people was triumphant after underestimated, and more misrepresented, but the storm of abuse a most prolonged and exciting effort. His rise in politics and his and vituperation only served to stimulate the growth and develop­ preeminent position in the affairs between capital and labor was ment of his intellectual and moral qualities. While his public from that time uninterrupted. career was comparatively brief, the power of originality and con­ Hi:Jlast campaign was not only brilliant, but the most marked structive statesmanship, a progressive spirit, candor, and sincerity, personal and political vindication of a man in American politics. tireless energy, a dauntless will, and noble deeds for country and His majority, as shown by election of the members of the general humanity, gave him a place among the foremost citizens of the assembly, exceeded by many thousands the majority over the Republic. Because of what he was, because of what he repre­ Democratic candidate for governor, being almost unanimous. His sented, and because of what he did, the memory of this clean­ friends were fearful of his exertions, lest he might not be able to handed, clear-minded, strong-hearted man will be forever en­ bear up under the strain; but the same energy that had marked his shrined in the hearts of his countrymen. whole career was called into exercise, but the effort was too much. His mortal remains rest in the bosom of the State he served so His work was done. The end had come; and may his good deeds faithfully and loved so well, but his thoughts, words, and deeds, ever live as an inspiration to America's youth and the possibilities spirit and example, will be reproduced in other sympathetic souls, to be obtained under our great free institutions. let us hope, until the stars shall cease to twinkle and steal away into eternal darkness and the earth itself and man shall be no Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, to the tributes which are paid to more. Mr. HANNA is not dead. Such men never die. He stepped the memory of one of the most distinguished of American citizens into the skies at the close of a life crowned with honor and use­ permit me to add a word expressive of my admiration for his char­ fulness. acter and my deep respect for him as a man. It is not my purpcse To live with fame to review his life. That has already been accurately and eloquently The gods allow to many but to die With equal luster, is a blessing Heaven done by those who knew him intimately and well. "Paint me as Selects from all her choicest boons of Fate, I am~" said Oliver Cromwell while sitting to young Lely. "If And with a sparing hand on few bestows. you leave out the scars and wrinkles I will not pay you a shilling.'' Could Mr. HANNA now speak to us he would indorse that 1·equest. Mr. HILDEBRANT. Mr. Speaker- Many lessons of wisdom may be learned from his successful and As in many groups they were busied in diverse occupations, some in games ·u.sefullife. It was a remarkable life, a marvelous career that the and others in work, the Master opened the door and with a smile beckoned ceremonies of this day commemorate. to the leader of the busiest group, who, laying down his tools, went within and the door shut behind him. His comrades waited for him, and, finding Great intellectual power, a lofty aim and purpose, a rich nature, that he came not, realized ~at that was death. an enlightenedconscience,perfectintegrity, and a kind and tender heart won for Mr. HANNA, in a marked degree, the respect, confi­ It is said that centuries ago a pagan philosopher used this illus­ dence, good will, and admiration of the American people. His tration of what we call death, and- life and character are a striking illustration of the spirit, the ten­ We have seen it occur in our midst that the Master came into the busiest dencies, and the possibilities of free institutions. He was a great group and beckoned the master of the group into the open door. He followed and good man, and his goodness was the crown of his greatness. and the door shut. "God's finger touched him, and he slept." He wa.s great in intellect. A clear, discriminating, logical. and The life of MARCUS ALONZO HANNA wa£ a busy life. It teemed consecutive thinker, he grappled successfully with every political, with happenings, both small and great. It was not, however, a ca­ social, and economic problem that claimed his attention. He was reer fashioned and formed by the '' changes and chances of this accustomed to collect and hurl his whole mental force against the mortal life," but it was a career that from beginning to end shaped citadels of truth, and carry them, as it were, by storm. and directed not only the affairs of men, but itself as well; that With the capacity to master every situation completely, he had, met and overcame obstacles; that bravely encountered and mas­ in a rare degree, the ability to make his views convincingly clear tered problems; that mapped out its own course, and largely in­ to others. He was gifted with remarkable intellectual powers. fluenced the course of others. Everv minute of his life was He was great in word. He appealed to the intelligence, the judg­ occupied with thoughts and actions which had for their purpose ment, the reason, and the conscience of his hearers, and his wise the betterment of the condition of his fellow-men and of his utterances always rose above prejudice, above passion, above per­ country, and his own success was incidental to his unselfish efforts sonal considerations, to the sublime heights of philosophy whose in behalf of others. He was a leader of men, and he came into logic is invincible. Perhaps he was not an orat-or in the ordinary this leadership solely by virtue of his demonstrated ability to lead. sense of the term. He never seemed to aim at rhetorical effect. He became a great man. It has been said that "'some men are Sincerity and earnestness characterized his words, and his delivery born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness was at times impassioned and always clear, logical and effective. thrust upon them." That the greatness of Senator HANNA was He was the impersonation of tremendous will power. Sustained achieved there is no room for doubt. It was recognized~ I believe, by an indomitable will, patiently, persistently, and perseveringly by even those who were wont to vilify and caricature him. that in the face of disappointment and failure, he bore his way through he carved out his own career. He died in the midst of his labors, great difficulties and accomplished great results. • and still his work may be said to have been finished, for so thor­ In times of uncertainty and doubt men were prone to gather ough were his methods and so prompt his actions that he left around his strong will and draw inspiration and confidence from little undone. its unflinching self-reliance. Words coming up out of the heart To my mind M.A.RCUS A. HANNA was the ideal American citizen. and sent forth with a commanding purpose never failed to make It was through a sense of duty that he entered actively into the a deep impression. With an unfaltering purpose he applied him­ political field. He might have ended his life's labors in the seclu­ self to every task, and only death itself could subdue his over­ sion and peace of his home as a retired business man and have mastering will. He was great in what may be termed " repre­ held aloof from politics as from something contaminating, as, alas, sentative capacity." He became one of the exponents of the do many of our successful business men, but he felt his. place to hopes, aspirations, and triumphant sentiments of the American be in the din and noise of life's battle, where he could use his people. It is a well-recognized truth that he who leads must fol­ great abilities in the right settlement of political questions, as he low. Mr. HANNA identified himself with certain ideas and con­ had used them in the business and social and ethical fields of his victions that were dominant in the minds of the people, and to endeavors. His rise in the political arena was substantial, though them gave his life, his strength, his all. rapid, for it was the result of the application of the methods that He was also great in character. In every relation of life he ex- brought him his other successes, methods that win success every-

- 5484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24, where and under all conditions-straightforwardness, honesty, him in a conflict that knew neither truce nor surrender, and when frankness, truth, and sincerity. . Eenator HANNA conceded to me what I was claiming, when I was These virtues were the warp and woof of MARK HANNA'S char- absolutely in his power, I could hardly realize the fact. acter, and linked as they were to an indomitable will and a high But as time rolled on, and I learned more of him from many purpose, they made for the best that human nature can accom- sources, I realized that my contention had been with a great and plish. good man, who scorned to belittle himself by taking advantage Senator HA.l"TilA had no specialty. He did all things well. And of his power, but rather took pleasure in righting the wrong he it was the aggregate of his achievements that made him great, had done. rather than any one thing he did. He did things simply and with- Great, therefore, was the personal blow I felt when the news out ostentation. He exercised his abilities quietly and unassum- came that Senator HANNA was dead. and the blow I felt tens of ingly, yet he left the impress of his strong personality upon thousands of others felt, and a pall of gloom overspread the whole every thing or subject with which he came in contact. land. One of the great lights in our country's firmament had He had a bright, genial. sunny disposition, which completely I ceased to shine, and in son-ow we all re ~ lized that the eclipse was hid whatever disappointments came into his life. His friends forever, except in so far as its light was reflected on the pages of loved him and his enemies had learned to respect him. He in our country's history and in the hearts of his fellow-citizens and turn loved his friends and despised not his enemies. This mutual in the admiration of all mankind. love was not platonic or feigned, nor was it sycophancy on the one THE rn~sHIP oF M'KTh-rr.EY FOR n.u~A. side for favors granted or expected or, on the other side, a false President McKinley and Senator HA.N:NA were so closely allied profession of frieD;dship, b~t it was real and true affection, a~ was that, knowing McKinley's affection for HANNA and his supreme evidenced bythesmcere gl'lef of Senator HANNA's hosts of f11.ends confidence in his judgment and goodness, and knowing, t oo, when his earthly life ended. The entire country, not much less HANNA'S affection for his great chief, and his absolute loyalty, than the State of Ohio, mourns his taking away, and our feelings when McKinley was EO suddenly and so tragically cut off in the are akin to those we experienced when our loved McKinley was very noonday of his greatness and glory, it seemed to me that his so ruthlessly snatched from us. personal mantle had fallen on the Titanic shoulders of Eenator But, Mr. Speaker, it can not be that the busy and fruitful life HANNA, and so my regard and reverence for him, already great, of MARCUS A. HANNA is as a story that is told. I believe that, was mucli increased. although his earthly activities have ceased, he will live on in the I easily recall that pathetic moment when, stretched on the minds and hearts of men until the end of time as an exemplar painful bed of death at Buffalo, the dying McKinley, unable to of civic and political virtue and of personal rectitude of charac- s€e who was present in the room, called out, "Is M~K here?" ter; and I think that more than to any others should he be to the and how, when Senator HANNA spoke to him and laia his hand young men of America an example of right living, as a business upon his head, the President seemed to feel relieved, and a smile man and as a politician, as a statesman and as a friend, as a hus- of complacent Eatisfaction lit up his face and illumined the room. band and as a father, for- :And, as after Mr. McKinley's death the nation loved and han- His life was gentle, and the elements ored him the more, so also the nation began to honor and love So mix'd in him, that Na.ture might stand up HANNA more. The sanctity that enveloped McKinley in the pub- And say to all the world, "This was a man!" lie estimation, transfiguring him into a saintly hero after his martyrdom, shed its holiness and its glory upon McKinley's Mr. GIBSON. Mr. Speaker, in the Theta. Delta Chi fraternity, greatest friend and closest political brother until HANNA himself to which I belong, when we assemble to bury a brother each one became the living representative and successor of the dead Mc­ of us deposits a flower upon his grave; and so here to-day where Kinley and the perpetuator of his dynasty. we have assembled to complete th9 funeral ceremonies in honor And when he died it seemed not only that the great Ohio Een­ of a man who in a larger sense was our brother, I come to put a ator had forever departed from our midst, but that the lingering flower of affection in that bouquet of loveandrespectwe this day, spirit of McKinley had departed with him, and that a great era in the name of the American people, deposit in the most sacred in our country's history, an era crowded with many and mighty archives of this Capitol as a token of devotion to the memory of events, changing our history and the history and map of the world', MARCUS ALONZO HANNA. an era more brill.iant, more glorious, more magnificent, and more I do not speak of Senator HANNA as an intimate personal friend. fruitful of mighty and beneficent consequences than any in our My relations to him were mainly political. Owing to some history since the days of Washington-it seemed to us all that mutual misunderstandings, our first acquaintance was hostile, with the death of McKinley and HaNNA. this stupendous and illus­ but as soon as he understood the facts about which we differed he trious era had forever closed and the volume of the record thereof not only accorded to me all that I had contended for, but con­ had been completed for all time. · ceded more than I had the right to expect, and became my friend, and continued my friend down to his death. H.Al\"'NA, HOBART, AND M'KINLEY, TnE GREAT TRIUMVIRATE. How mighty, how magnificent, how thrilling, and yet how SlrnATOR HANNA'S M.AGNA.NIMITY. tragic, the pageant beheld by the American people since that day, Such was the magnanimity he displayed toward me that I at only seven years ago, when McKinley, Hobart, and HANNA. first once felt that he was a truly great man and a truly good man, stood up in this Capitol to be crowned with the greatest political for he had almost unlimited power in the matters about which we honors the greatest Republic of the world ever bestows. McKin­ differed, and a small-minded man or a bad-hearted man would ley, Hobart, and HANNA, a mighty triumvirate of patriots, only have used his power to have crushed me, whereas Senator HANNA seven short years ago here in our midst, encircled by the graat not only righted the wrong he had done me! but gave me more men of our nation, full of life and joy and hope, the crowned than I contended for. The result was I soon learned to respect conquerors in a tremendous political contest, the recipients of the and honor him, and my regard grew as my knowledge of him in­ plaudits of many millions of enthusiastic friends. happy in the creased, until at the time of his death I had a respect and rever­ wide prospect of almost unlimited power, inspired with great ence for him greater than for any living man. plans for the welfare of their party, the good of their country, When my troubles with Senator HANNA over some appoint­ and the happiness of mankind, the circumambient air balmy with ments in my district began I carried my case to President Mc­ the breath of millions of spring's fairest flowers, and the heavens Kinley. The President, after hearing me, said: "I am satisfied. reverberating with the applause of countless multitudes of men, You go to Senator HANNA and tell him what you have told me, the music of many martial bands, and the thunder of cannons and he will do you right. You can trust him; he is a just man." shouting their approbation. I protested that Senator liA.J.'-'NA had been saturated with misin­ What a sublime event! Grand and spectacular enough to hay-e formation and was much prejudiced against me. The President drawn to it the spirits of our patriot dead. And now where are replied: "I know him better than you do. He will do you jus­ these three choice statesmen of our counti7 and our generation? tice." So I went again to Senator HANNA and found him the Where are McKinley, Hobart. and HANNA.? Gone, gone-forever just man President McKinley had represented him. gone; gone like the sublime pageant that ushered in their inau­ I mention these personal matters to illustrate the character of guration- Senator HANNA. I am satisfied that the great power he wielded And, like the baseless fabric of this vision, The cloud-capp'd towers, the gorgeous pala.ces, during the opening of McKinley's first Administration did not The wlemn temples, the great globe itself, inflame hiB heart with pride or develop the slightest traits of Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve, tyranny. And, like this insubstantial pageant faded, Oh, it is excellent Leave not a rack behind. To have a. giant's strength; but it is tyrannous But time continues, the seasons come and go, seed time ana To use it like a giant. harvest follow each other in orderly succession, the Republic of I wondered at first why Senator HANNA. had been so magnan­ our love survives, the same God who has cared for us since the imous. I confess I had not been a6customed to the chivalric mag­ days of Washington still keeps watch and ward over us, other nanimity he accorded me. In my political warfare thitherto the great men are raised up to take their stand in the field of action only alternative was to cut down my adversary or be cut down by and to occupy their seats in the _halls of council; and the eagle of 1904. CONGRESSIONAL- RECORD-HOUSE. 5485

Columbia soars and circles triumphantly above the Dome of the est mouthed in claiming the right of free speech who are foulest nation's Capitol, with llilrllffied feathers and steady wing, in an mouthed in misusing that right. unclouded sky, bathed in the golden light of that sun he loves so In politics misrepresentation, vilification, abuse, and trav-esty, well, his eye sweeping to every confine of the Republic, and his cartoons, caricatures, and scurrility are so common that many cry of supremacy challenged by no nation in all the world. have come to regard them as legitimate, and some consider them HANNA. A NAPOLEON IN POLITICAL WARFARE. essential, while not a few look on a political campaign without Senator HANNA. was a politician, but a politician in the largest these accessories as dull, flat, stale, and unprofitable. sense. He brought to politics the practical methods of business. Having been given the leadership of his party in two great He organized his party as it was never organized before, and it Presidential campaigns, Senator HANNA made no complaint when was this organization that brought victory to his side. And when assailed by every form of speech, song, picture, and print that we consider that this organization covered a continent and em­ political ingenuity could devise or partisan prejudice concoct. braced 44 States and 70,000,000 people, we have some slight con­ When reviled, he reviled not again. He heeded not the assaults ception of tne magnitude of the undertaking. of his antagonists. He was blind to the cartoon and deaf to the So marvelously fitted was he by ruttnre and by training and by defamation, devoting all his thoughts and all his energies to the inclination to head the great army of protection and sound money education of the people in the issues of the campaign, carefully in the tremendous conflict with the legions of free silver and free pointing out and mile-marking the road to prosperity and the trade that he seemed created and commissioned and inspired for pathways of peace and plenty. the leadership. Truly- HANNA'S GRAND TRIUMPH OVER OALUMNY. We are but as the instruments of Heaven; But when the battle had been fought and won; when people of Our work is not design, but destiny. all parties, on a nearer and fuller view, had better opportunities to The battle waged by the contending hosts in 1896 was the most study and understand this great party leader, this omnipotent stupendous ever fought in the political world. Senator HaNNA's campaign manager; when his private record had been all searched, opponents numbered over 6,000,000 voting men, all active, patri­ and found so bright and so blameless; when it was found that the otic, and enthusiastic Americans, drilled by captains slrilled in mud of slander thrown at him did not stick, that the arrows of political warfare, marshaled for the conflict by v-eteran leaders, malice did not wound, that the charges fired at him had but ended and captained by a political Henry of Navarre whose energy was in noise, and that, like a mighty war ship coming out of the storm sublime, whose confidence seemed inspired by a destiny, whose and the battle and the breakers unharmed into the port of safety, splendid personality fired his followers with an enthusiasm akin with flags of triumph flying and the bands of music playing the to frenzy, and whose talents and genius magnetized all who met tunes of victory and of joy; when it was seen that HANNA., like or heard him. good gold, was only the brighter for the rubbing he had received; For four months the battle raged. Forty-four States. some of when his manifold acts of charity and benevolence became better them equal to nations in territory and population, were the battle known; when his earnest and persistent efforts to aid the laboring fields, and a whole continent the general theater of operations. men of the nation to secure a larger share in the fruits of their From Lakes to Gulf, from river to mountain, from land to sea, and industry began to be considered, and when, last of all, his beautiful from ocean to ocean the roar of the mighty conflict resounded. devotion to William McKinley won for him a better hearing and The forces of Bryan raged and flamed far and wide like a prairie a more considerate judgment, then the storms of prejudice that fire, and nothing seemed able to stay the irresistible conflagration; had thundered about him began to disappear, then the arrow of the forces of HANNA. moved forward like tremendous ocean waves, malice was put back into its quiver, then the missile was dropped sweeping all before them and beating down all opposition. The by the hand that held it, then the cartoonist threw away his advocates of free silver came rushing on like the tempestuous pencil, and the mouth of the accuser was closed, and lo! the tornado of torrid climes, crushing everything in its fury; the de­ world beheld in MARCUS ALONZO HANNA one of the world's fenders of the gold standard withstood the shock as the mountain best and greatest men and one of nature's grandest noblemen. withstands the tempest. The cha~pions of free trade, like the General Grant, dying on Mount McGregor, no longer the target guards of Napoleon at Waterloo, charged at the close of the battle of political opponents, no longer breathing an atmosphere foul with an enthusiasm and valor that no human army seemed able to with slander, no longer belittled by hired cartoonists, no longer resist; but the phalanxes of protection, like the invincible troops exposed to the poison-tipped shafts of irony and invectiv-e, but dy­ of Wellington, held their ground with an endurance and a cour­ ing in perfect peace, in an atmosphere sweet with the fragrance of age seldom equaled and never surpassed in political warfare. flowers and the breath of a holy and universal sympathy, beloved THE .A.NI:MOSITY IN THE C.A.l!PAIGN. by the hundreds of thousands who had fought under him, honored and respected by the hundreds of thousands who had fought As in ancient warfare the main struggle was to slay the chief­ against him, reverenced by all men, of all parties, and of all sec­ tain in command, so in this battle every effort was made to de­ tions-Grant! dying on Mount McGregor, had not more completely stroy this champion of protection and sound money. Ten thou­ lived down all personal and political hostility than had MARCUS sand venomous slanders were hurled at him; cartoons without A. HJ.NNA, dying at the Arlington, amid the lamentations of the number were fired at him; the heaviest political artillery, loaded mighty nation he loved so well and had striven so hard to serve. to the muzzle with the most destructive ammunition, poured Senator HANNA. was clean in his politics. It is said by his suc­ upon him a ceaseless cannonade, and millions of political squibs, cessor, Senator DICK, that none of the money spent by him in the torpedoes, popguns, and firecrackers made a deafening uproar great McKinley campaign was used for corruption. He kept no whenever his name was mentioned or wherever he appeared on slop trough to which the swine of politics might resort. His aim the field of action. In that tremendous conflict wherever he was there the fight was to fill the head of the voter and not his stomach; to reach the was hottest and the thunder of combat the loudest. Leonidas at voter's heart through his head and not through his pocket. .. Mil­ the pass of Thermopylro, fighting almost single handed against lions for instruction, but not one cent for corruption," wa his the countless hosts of Persia, was not more fiercely assailed than motto, and the campaign of education he conducted by pen, pencil, was liA.NNA. in the tremendous battle of 1896. press, picture. and preacher was the most remarkable in magnitude But amid the sulphurous storms of calumny, the fierce light­ and effectiveness this country, or any country, has ever known. nings of vituperation, and the fearful thunders of denunciation; HANNA THE CHA.liPION OF THE PANAMA. ROUTE. amid the incessant and fiery assaults of editors and cartoonists; Next to his success as a captain in great political battles, Sena­ amid the hissing shafts of invecti-ve and the ponderous male­ tor HANNA. will be best remembered for his championship of the dictions of mighty orators, hurled amid immense crowds with Panama Canal. In consequence of the French ownership of the mighty shouts of approval, and reenforced by the most malignant Panama route and the contracts between the French owners and re3olutions, vociferously and unanimously adopted, MARK HA...'WA. the Republic of Colombia, our country seemed shut out from the st~od- Panama route, and we were consequently forced to look up an­ Like Teneriffe or Atlas nnremoved- other route for our canal. and in no degree disconcerted or dismayed, serenely giving his Then it was that we turned to the Nicaragua route, and we had orders to his lieutenants, or issuing encouraging bUlletins of the almost determined to construct our canal on that route when progress of the battle in distant parts of the field. Senator HANNA, with surprising resolution and powerful argu­ As some tall cliff that 1i.fts its awful form, mentation, and almost unaided and alone, stood forth as the cham­ Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm, pion of Panama; and such was the force of his arguments and so Though round its breast the rolling clouds are spread, convincing the facts he arrayed in behalf of his contention that Eternal sunshine settles on its head. he succeeded in having Panama brought into consideration; and Some one has said that free thought is commonly understood to he finally won a triumphant success in having the Panama route be the right to freely express our conte~pt for the thoughts of selected and acquired. others, and Goethe has said that all the Germans gained by the Never in our history has one man ever won a more signal vic­ freedom of their press was the liberty of abusing each other as tory. Solitary and alone he began the battle, and when the much as they liked. And so in our country, those men are loud- friends of the Nic:uagua route came rushing on with triumphant

.- 5486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24, shouts and in apparently irresistible numbers, HANNA, undaunted, But the curtain has fallen upon the scenes of his activities. The stood in their way, and by his courage and persistence, by his logic pall of death hides him from our view. He has become a citizen and zeal, and especially by the great influence he wielded with the of another world, and all that is left for us is to remember his head men of the nation, he stayed the almost unanimous sentiment splendid deeds, to love him for his goodness, to honor him for his in favor of the Nicaragua route and succeeded in having Panama greatp.ess, and to emulate the magnificent example he has left us. chosen in its stead. The prosperity of our country is his monument and the words of More than three hundred years ago that great navigator, Sir a nation's gratitude is his epitaph. Walter Raleigh, told Queen Elizabeth that the nation owning Panama held "the keys of the world," and Senator HANNA, by Mr. MORRELL. Mr. Speaker,inasmuch as the characteristics having the Panama route selected, secured for our country "the and trend of mind of the late MARcus A. l!A..L"'WA were a revela­ keys of the world." tion and a subject of wide comment to men of all classes in the And when the Panama Canal shall have been completed, and State ~hich I have the honor in an humble capacity to represent, the marriage of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans finally consum­ and having been in touch with both of the interests which his mated, after being separated since the foundation of the world, thoughts, advice, and actio!lS most vitally concerned, I shall ven­ when the ships of all nations pass through I hope their sailors ture to say a few words in his memory. may behold upon the heights of Culebra, halfway between the Perhaps no other State in the Union is so prone as Pennsylvania seas, the statue of MARCUS A. HANNA, rising like a Titan, both to what is called "strikes; " no State in which labor organizes arms outstretched, one pointing toward the Atlantic and the other and fight-s through strikes for what it considers its rights; no toward the Pacific, and inscribed on the statue's pedestal in elec­ State in which, on the other hand, capital as determinedly opposes tric letters these words: what it considers unjust demands on the part of labor. Behold the two oceans which this canal, like a marriage bond, has united It might! therefore, have been supposed that with these prob­ and made as one. lems always before them there would have arisen among the men Senator HANNA was a lover of his country, and gave evidence of of Pennsylvania one who would perhaps have offered some prac­ this by joining the Federal Army in the great struggle for the tical suggestions toward their solution, but it was left to the State preservation of the Union, and was one of the men assigned to of Ohio to produce such a man in the late MARCUS A. HANNA. the defense of this city and participated in the battle at Fort He more nearly than any man up to his time had approached the Stevens in July, 1864. · solution of this, the greatest problem which an industrial nation IIA.NN.A. A LOVER OF HIS FELLOW-MAN. like the United States has to face, and I believe that had he lived A man who loves his country necessarily loves his countrymen, he would have suggested a method which would have satisfied and Senator HANNA gave many evidences of his good will for his both sides. fellow-man and was constantly engaged in works of benevolence Therefore Pennsylvania and Pennsylvanians owe much to Mr. and deeds of charity. HANNA in bringing them to realize the possibilities of a solution While worth millions of money, while a Senator of the United of the greatest problem which faces the economic conditions of States from one of our greatest States, while forced by his position their State. and associations into the constant company of the rich, the great, Senator HANNA's greatness lay in his simplicity of character and and the famous, Senator HANNA never forgot that there were poor the truthfulness of his soul. He treated great subjects with the men and poor women and poor children in the world, never ceased same directness of thought that he did small, and believed that they to remember the humble toilers in the mine, the mill, the factory, were as easy of solution as small ones, were the same principles of and the field, and his great heart and great mind were -deeply in­ honesty and conviction applied. terested in plans to better their condition and make happier their Senator HANNA's great purposes and broad policies are borne lives. And he often said he would rather harmonize labor and tribute to by the measures he advocated and brought to success; capital, rather devise a plan whereunder the employer and th~ his great qualities of mind by the high regard in which he was employee might cooperate with mutual good will and mutual ad­ held by the great men of the hour; his nobleness of heart and af­ vantage, than be President of the United States; and the last fectionatenature by the thousands of rich and poor, high and low, years of his life were devoted to the solution of this stupendous who either came to his bier to pay visible tribute or mourned in problem. their hearts at home. He was one of the founders and the chairman of the National It is the kindly acts which a man performs to those who are Civic Federation, a society formed for the purpose of reconciling struggling on a lower plane which I think really proves true differences between large corporations and their employees, using kindness of heart, for it is always comparatively easy for a great the Golden Rule as their motto and law of action; and great was man to do a favor for another great man. the good he had done and was doing at his death, through this In this instance let me relate an anecdote. We all realize that federation, as well as by his individual efforts. Well might he the position of a new Congressman is not, as a rule, one to be en­ have said with the Roman poet- vied. He comes here to Congress having promised greater or less things to his constituents, and he finds-what each one of us Homo sum; huma.ni nihil a me alienum puto. found-that he does not amount to much, except to make up a I am a human being, and nothing that concerns a human being quorum or to swell the vote by answering to roll call. I don't is a matter of unconcern to me. think a new Congressman ever forgets those who were kind to The labor organizations of the United States had learned to him or gave him a helping hand during his days of initiation. trust him, the labor leaders were in constant consultation with Now, there was a certain new Congressman, not from Ohio, him, and the philanthropists of the world had begun to concen­ who had to go over to the Senate on a certain occasion to try to trate their attention upon him as the man most likely to solve the induce his Senator to give his support to a measure in which some problem of labor versus capital to the advantage and satisfaction of his constituents were interested. He was not at•all sure as to of both. And when Senator HANNA died there were no more whether or not the Senator would give the support he desired, and sincere mourners at his gravethan the laboring men of our coun­ his anxiety was increased by his unsuccessful effort to find the Sena­ try; and truly might there be inscribed on his tombstone: tor. As he was huhying through the Marble Room, looking on Loved by the poor and honored by the great. this side and on that, he suddenly heard a genial voice call out The great plans he had formed for the revival of the American "Won't I do as well as the fellow you are looking for?" and turn­ merchant marine, for the reconciliation of labor and capital, for ing around he saw Senator HANNA seated on a sofa beside a friend, the amelioration of the condition of the poor, and for the perpetua­ but with a hand held out to him. His fears vanished and his con­ tion of American prosperity he did not live to carry out; and fidence in his purpose returned. when he died all of these great questions lost a powerful cham­ No better example could be found of Senator HANNA's charac­ pion and a zealous and effective friend. To all of those interested ter-always ready and even looking for opportunities to do a in the happy solution of these problems he was a veritable tower kind act. of strength, a- Of course, Mr. Speaker, men may come and men may go, and Tower of strength, yet this busy world of ours still goes on; but we can one and all, Which stood four-square to all the winds that blew. concerning MARcus A. HANNA, join in exclaiming: " Oh, for the We failed fully to realize how great and good a man he was touch of the vanished hand (of friendship), and the sound of the until he died, and then we were appalled by the magnitude of the voice (of encouragement) that is still!" vacancy made by his death. Verily, he was a colossus in politics There is a set phrase to the effect that '' some achieve greatness, and in statesmanship, and for generations his mighty proportions others have greatness thrust upon them;" but, after all. the only will be the standard by which political greatness will be meas­ greatness, to my mind, worth having is that greatness which comes ured; and also for generations will he be pointed to as an ex­ as a tribute to love and sympathy shown by a man to his fellow­ ample of how a man can be great in politics and in statesmanship men. and great in business enterprises and commercial ventures and We are told that "as we brought nothing into this world, so groot as the friend of the poor, the helper of the humble, and the we can take nothing out." That may be true as far as material benefactor of charity-all at the same time. -. " .... .things are concerned, but can we really say that Senator HANNA. 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5487

took nothing with him, when the word of his death took joy from with the activities of Ohio politics. He had been a member of the hearts of thousands and left a nation in mourning? our State executive committee, or an advisory member, for a con­ And if it be so that" as ye have lived so shall ye be judged," siderable number of years before the public outside of the State how great are the rewards we may confidently believe were await­ came to know him. I indorse all that has been said in regard to ing him in the land bsyond the skies. the unselfish character of Senator HANNA. He never entered politics for any selfish purpose. He never remained in politics Mr. CALDERHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I count it a privilege to for a like consideration, and he never sought personal preferment say a word in memory of my friend Senator HANNA. Living in until the time came when that alone could become a vindication the same faith and hope, with the same purposes in life and the due to his own party and the dearest friend that he had within same regard for the great citizenship in which we live, and the the lines of that party. He believed thoroughly in the principles same belief in the Divine purposes of this great nation, I bring of the party to which he belonged. No man ever more faith­ my tribute to his life and services. fully stood by the tenets of his party, and no man ever was His character was not made in a day. One of his ancestral race clearer of any purpose of halting or compromising or apologizing said, "There's many a hard stroke goes to the making of a man." for anything that he believed to be a true doctrine of political If I could tell my boys the story of his life, it would be the story rights. of an American boy who went barefoot to an American district Senator HANNA was a reader and student of politics. He did school. and then to the academy, and then to work, and then to not, as many have supposed, grasp every idea without studious business. And he played the same games and recited the same consideration and careful weighing of arguments pro and con. lessons, and learned labor and toil in the same way that American He was a student of theories illustrated by practical facts. To boys who become men have played and learned. the theories of the writer and the speaker he applied practical Trained in the stern old faith that God is the eternal God to everyday common sense, of which he was a storehouse. It was whom we must answer for duty performed or duty neglected, he these qualities that made him so powerful as a business man. fought over and over again the battles of the soul that every true Theories were to him only suggestions; practical facts were to him man must fight and must finally win. Truth and honor and the demonstration of the falsity or the truth of theories. fidelity became the constant attitude of his mind and soul by the Senator HANNA was a warm supporter of John Sherman for constant exercise of these great things. No man who had not President of the United States; and, though I have not seen it acquired strength and endurance of soul by these battles with adverted to since his death, it was a fact within my own observa­ himself could have stood the conflict of life that came to him in tion and the knowledge of many others who are here, that he op­ the years of his public career as he stood them and won the victory posed the attitude of Mr. McKinley in one of those grand State he won. campaigns, and having cast in his lot with Sherman, notwith­ · But his great victory over adverse public opinion was not his standing all his affection for McKinley, he did all in his p:1wer to greatest victory. His later years were so associated with his prevent the brea1."i.ng up and disintegration of the Ohio delegation, friend President McKinley that the men can hardly be separated even though McKinley, acting under the instruction of his friends in our minds. When we think of one we habitually think of the at home, cast his vote in the convention for James G. Blaine. other. Both of them lived and labored to carry forward the Senator HANNA about that time or shortly afterwards became divine purpose of humanity. Both came from the common Ameri­ warmly attached to McKinley; and that attachment grelV to be can homes, from the common American schools, from the com­ one of the most beautiful exhibitions of love between the two men mon American business life. Both had the same standards of that I have ever witnessed. He believed in McKinley. He had home life and duty, and the same standards of public life and duty. seen the rise and progress and growth and development of that McKinley was a widow's son, a schoolboy, a student, a citizen splendid character. He had lived in the immediate section of the . volunteer soldier, a lawyer, a Member of Congress, a governor of State where McKinley resided and had known him as a young his State, and then President of a great nation of free people. lawyer. I remember an anecdote that he told me in the presence When he died and was carried to his grave the whole busy world of one who knew the facts, how McKinley came down to some of stopped its busy work while his body was lowered to its grave. his coal mines, where some riotous coal miners had been prose­ "The Czar in his palace, the Kaiser in Berlin, King Edward in cuted for riots, and McKinley defended the miners and assailed . Denmark, the Duke of York in Montreal, all members of the gov­ the management of the mines. Senator HANNA said that was the ernments in their offices, the workingmen in their factories, the first time that he ever felt the full appreciation of the possibilities people in the streets, trains and cars on their tracks, steamships of McKinley. at sea and boats on the rivers, all public buildings, stores, and From time to time, as the campaign of 1896 developed, it was places of amusement, the entire machinery of mankind, came to currently reported that HANNA would be benefited in some way a stop and stood still in silence while he was laid to rest." He by the election of McKinley. I want to contribute this much to had conquered the world by his character. the history of those times, with which I was thoroughly familiar: When Senator HANNA lay dying, at every place in the world I personally know, and there are others who know the same thing men inquired from hour to hour, and the hearts of mankind and from the same source of knowledge, that immediately fol­ bowed when the final message came. His body was carried into lowing the election of 1896 President,.McKinley tendered to Mr. the Capitol of the nation and into the Chamber of the greatest Hil"NA formally a position in his Cabinet; and I remember dis­ legislative body in civilization. The Senators and Representa­ tinctly the answer that HANNA made, although I did not see the tives of our National Congress stood around his bier. The Su­ lette1·s that passed between them. preme Court of the United States, the greatest court in the world, He said that it would appear to the people of the country that came and stood uncovered beside him. The President and his he had been selfish and self-seeking in the matter of his strong Cabinet and the commanders of our Army and Navy stood beside support for McKinley; and he preferred the character and reputa­ him. The diplomatic corps, representing fifty-three nations of tion of a disinterested friend of Mr. McKinley's to any office that the earth, stood beside him. The eloquent Edward Everett Hale McKinley could give him. And it was not until McKinley had said the words of farewell and consolation and hope, and laid his tendered, in writing, the place of Secretary of State to Mr. Sher­ character, like a benediction, upon us. man and it had been accepted by him that HANNA yielded to the Both these burials were the testimony of mankind to the char­ suggestion that he should be a candidate for the United States acter of the men whom Liberty's nation has given to the world. Senatorship; and then he did so at the urgent personal request of . Christian mothers trained them both. How gentle their lives are McKinley, who said that if he could not have him in the Cabinet making us. What kindly, earnest, strong standards of life they he desired that he should be a member of the Senate. Thus it have given us, and how imperceptibly and unconsciously we are wa& that it came to our knowledge that he was not a self-seeking following their standards. The glories of our victories in the late politician, but was a disinterested friend, first of McKinley and war with Spain are almost forgotten in our memories of these next of the success of the great party to which he belonged. men. The influence of their lives spreads over us all and inspires It was a chapter in Ohio politics that I do not intend to enter us with the faith that'' love, honor,courage, fidelity, and a noble upon, to which reference has been made bysomeof the gentlemen self-sacrifice are better than life.'' This is their victory over us. who have preceded me. I do not want to recall, except for the They have won our _hearts, and their memories live to instruct sake of the justice of history, the events of the year when HANNA, our boys. And beyond the veil, they are with the Redeemer, in having been tendered and having accepted the position of Senator, whose faith they lived and labored and loved. "It is God's way; having been nominated by the overwhelming vote of the State His will be done." convention, was almost defeated for election. I refer to it now to say that, notwithstanding all the bitter denunciation of HANNA Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Speaker, in the very few moments I and his friends incidental to that great contest and that chapter shall occupy I shall not attempt to discuss the great characteris­ in Ohio politics that brings the blush of shame to every man who tics of .Senato.r HANN~. I will only refer very briefly to some of. was connected with the treachery of that hour and day, after the salient pomts of h1s career and contribute to the record more all the calcium light of these months and years has been turned elaborate suggestions in the same direction. upon him, there was no stain of corruption or dishonor placed I did not know Senator HANNA well until he became connected upon the skirts of HANNA. 5488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24, ~

I know it has been said that office was conferred for favors Mr. Speaker, I can not pursue the subject further. I loved among the members of the State legislature. That is true; that MARCUS A. HANNA. I never knew a man whom I admired more is a part of our politics; that is incident to the politics of our greatly than I did him. I never knew a man who rose so rapidly. country. And there was no man who more firmly believed and And yet there were reasons for it and characteristics that make it more religiously practiced the tenet of remembering his friends not strange that he rose. But it is a wonderful history that in six and standing by them than did HANNA. And a man who does years' time a man can come from obscurity, so far as public office not do that is not fit to be in politics. The man who will falter is concerned, and enter the Senate of the United States and make when his friend's hour of trouble comes ought to have no friends the profound impression upon that great body and upon the when his trial is on. That is the religion of American politics, country that he did. and he who does not obey it is not fit to be a member of the great I have no time for detail, but we all remember how enthusi­ body to which an American citizen belongs. astically we, here in this HoliSe, by an overwhelming majority, I never heard Senator HANNA complain of a man who tried to following the lead of one of our greatest men, the chairman of betray him in that contest; and you have heard how he stood up the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce [Mr. HEP­ and pronounced an almost tearful eulogy over the man who of BURN], who so enthusiastically championed the Nicaragua Canal, all other men owed him allegiance and betrayed his duty. we all remember with what enthusiasm we sent the bill to the When HANNA had served in the Senate and sought the appro­ Senate, and how we understood that when it reached there four­ bation of his fellow-citizens in Ohio by reelection, then he became fifths of the Senate would be on our side, and yet how a single an earnest seeker for the office, not because he desired that office Senator, by the force of his training and his education, his char­ for selfish purposes, but because he was determined that his friends acter, his power of research, seized upon his knowledge of the should not suffer by reason of his having been a candidate. situation and ultimately revolutionized the whole action of the I do not care to refer, in the brief moment that I am to use, to Senate and received the cordial approbation of the House_; and that which has so often been referred to by others-the abuse and now, to-day, as we stand here eulogizing his memory, the news traducing of HANNA in the newspapers and throughout the coun­ is just flashed into print on this side of the ocean that the great try. It is a very curious study; there is no other picture like it achievement has been wrought out and that the title, indefeasible in the history of mankind, except our account, our knowledge, and unassailed, in the Panama Canal has become ours. our belief in the character of Him who spoke of Himself as being Senator HANNA was most happy in his home life. and it was " despised and rejected of men " and who has since become the here at his home and at his beautiful residence on the lake shore great and adorable central figure of Christianity. near Cleveland that the true qualities of genuine hnmanity and But, without any pm1>ose of comparison, when, in all the his­ chivalrous gentlemanly attributes shone out so brightly. His tory of mankind, was it that a man so thoroughly hated, thor­ wi e was a lady of most excellent fitness to be the companion and oughly despised, thoroughly condemned by ninety-nine per cent friend of HANNA. Strong in mental qualities, able and attractive of all the people of the United States-not all of them hating, but in all the graces of the female character, she stood by him through every one of them suspicious-died in a very few short years at his life with the devotion of a true wife; made his home at his his post of duty covered with honor and acquit of dishonorable hearthstone the citadel of love and rest; shared in his triumphs; characteristics by an equal per cent of all mankind? How he did contributed to all that made him great, and wept over him with it I do not know. the just consciousness that in no respect had she fallen short of That Senator HANNA felt keenly the abuse of himself we all her great duty as a charming and faithful wife. know who knew him. That he suffered intensely nobody who Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members may knew him can doubt. A Senator has said since the death of Senator have leave to print in the RECORD eulogies in commemoration of HANNA that on one occasion HANNA exhibited to him one of those Mr. HANNA, and that the resolution in his case lie on the table infamous cartoons, born of the malice of a corrupt man, and shed until the conclusion of the other eulogies which are to be pro­ tears over it. And there are a number of us who can state how nounced. repeatedly he said: " If I believed there was any possible justice, any possible reason, for all this, I would not shrink from bearing The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. GoEBEL). The gentleman it; the grief that comes to me," said he, "is not on my own ac­ from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] asks unanimous consent that gen­ count, but because of the regret and sorrow that is felt by my eral leave to print eulogies upon the late Senator HANNA be friends.'' granted. The Chair hears no objection, and leave is granted. It will not do at the end of a career like that to say that "no DEATH OF HON. CHARLES W. THOMPSON. honest man need be afraid of slander." One honest man has lived it down; many have, but here is a conspicuous example of one Mr. WILEY of Alabama. I offer the resolutions which I send who lived down the basest organization of slander ever hurled at to the desk. a man in American politics and emerged from it with honor and The Clerk read as follows: credit. Resolved, That the business of the House be now suspended that oppor· tunity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon, CHARLES W. THOMP­ But that does not answer the just criticism of mankind. Here SON, fate a Member of this House from the State of Alabama. was a man of distinguished life, pure in his social, political, and Resolved~ That as aJm.rticular mark of respect to the memory of the de­ business relations, sound as a dollar upon every question of man­ cea.<>ed ana in recogmtion of his distinguished public career, the House at the conclusion of the exercises of this day shall stand adjourned. hood; and yet for the purpose of destroying McKinley, whom Re.c~olved, That the Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Senate. - they knew slander could not affect, because he was too well Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of known, a vicious conspiracy of crime and slander and libel and the deceased. detraction was organized and hurled at MARcus A. I!ANNA. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to If they could destroy H:il"'NA, the most important spoke in the the resolutions. wheel would be broken; and utterly regardless of every principle The question was taken, and the resolutions were unanimously of humanity, every su_$gestion of decency, every inspiration of agreed to. honor and integrity, they drove straight at the mark of ruining MARcus A. HANNA. They did not cease with 1896. They pro­ Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker. in an hour of sadness we ceeded to permeate the whole country, and little children looked sometimes stand aside from the maddening stream of humanity, with horror upon the libelous publications that were made. Such rushing on in the daily struggle for life, and ask, What is it all a crime as that can not be atoned for by a cowardly retraction about? Why this ceaseless fight for existence? Why this stren­ when the victim is dead. But it is said he lived it down; he be­ uous toil for worldly success? Why this ever unsatisfied desire to came great; he became honored; therefore there has been no harm plunder more of life's honors and earth's riches than other men done. Here is one victim who lived it down; here is one victim are allowed to do? Up from the struggling masses, straight from who, after years of faithful struggle, got the better of his libelers. the fighting crowd, the answer is wafted back: " This is the day How many have fallen under the stroke of slander! How many we are allowed to play our parts, the only day we will ever have; have been driven away from the effort to live down libels and time will not stop to wait for us. On we must struggle if we slanders! That is the place to look; not at that one man who has expect to obtain ambition's success, for the road of life leads to outlived and grown above the shaft of envy and ill will and crime. waste and decay, and the end of the journey is almost in sight The question is, how many have failed to do it? How many by the time we have well begun." Then, why should we start at hearts have been wronged, how many tears have been shed, how all? Why labor to continue a journey that mu::.t end in dark­ many honest men have suffered, howmanywiveshaveshed tears, ness and in nothing? Why seek to acquire riches that leave us at how many children have fled in mortification from their fellows? the grave? Why barter the peace of life for honors that die with That is the way to estimate the work of the libeler-the criminal us and are soon buried under the mold of time? Well might we libeler-the man who stalks in the community with the poison answer: 'Twere better the journey were not begun if the main that he exudes and tarnishes the very name of Christian civiliza­ highway leading on through the heat of noonday sun, through tion. To what extent has his work been done? Never, until the the dust of disappointed hopes, and over the jagged rocks of un­ great God above issues the decree that shall fix his punishment, satisfied ambition were the only road over which life's burdens will the exact value of his career be known. could be carried to the peace beyond the grave; but it is not. -

1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5489

Beyond the main highway there is a shady nathway whose way fortunate race. Believing that the misconception and misunder­ is blazed only to true philosophers. Along- that path but few standing that exists and persists between the people of the North great nli.mes are inscribed; the clanking swords of the world's and the South upon this question as to the real spirit, purposes, great generals are unheard; there none feel the iron hand of and desires of each section was profound and unfortunate, he despotic rule; there the barter and soul-destroying struggle for thought that nothing could dispel it more effectually than the great wealth does not thrive; there the mere brutal fight for ex- actual observation by each section of conditions as they exist and , istence is never found; there the desire to mount to success over by having brethren meet brethren in the home and business life other men's fortunes does not exist. of each. Only those can wander there who have learned that love of hu­ It is written, "As in water face answereth to face, so the heart manity, the broadening of the soul, self-respect and truth, are of man to man." There can be no question that if the people of the true riches of life, and that peace ·is earth's greatest reward.... the North could visit and meet the people of the South and the Those who travel along this quiet path of life are not struggling people of the South could sea the people of the North by their to supplant their fellow-men; their motto is to do well their part, firesides and as they pursue their various avocations to a large for there all the honor lies. This they have learned from sad ex­ degree violent prejudices would fade away, false impressions perience, and that any other course leads to pain and.sorrow. would be corrected, and sectional feeling would rapidly become a In thinking of the life and death of our dead c::>lleague and friend, thing of the past. "A consummation devoutly to the wished." CHARLES WINSTO~ Tnmr.PSON, I have drifted into these reflections. Mr. THOMPSON no doubt had these considerations in mind when Om· dead friend had attained many of life's victoties, and yet he he made the small Congressional party his guests, and while the was not over ambitious-he did not acquire success at the cost of visit was necessarily short and the information obtained meager, peace to himself. He had amassed a fair fortune, but he had not I feel justified in saying that all felt it a move in the right direc­ -gathereditbypullingdownhisfellow-man. He was liberal in his tion, and that those who constituted the party .were beginning to charities and kindly in his heart. He had attained high political more accurately appreciate real existing conditions. honors, but never did he belittle the success or true worth of He did not, however, satisfy himself by generalities, but devoted those he competed with. a great portion of his tireless, well-directed energy to aiding indi­ He drifted into the great beyond· in his early manhood, in the viduals of the race whose lot had been cast with his in the most midst of life's achievements and rewards, but he was a philosopher practical and efficient manner. In answer to a letter from me with it all, and lived and died at peace with himself and with the for specilic information upon this great question, he wrote on world. ': He played well his part," and died loved and honored February 12, 1903, a letter which throws a flood of light upon by his friends and constituents. the proper method of ultimately and successfully solVing the race A darkening sky and a whitening sea., problem, in which he said: And a wind in the palm trees tall, Soon or late comes a call for me, MY DEAR Srn: Replying to your personal request for information regard­ ing the colored people whom yon met w~e on your vi.Eit to Alabama with Down from the mountain or up from the sea; "the Thompson party" last year, I introduced to you, on my plantation, There let me lie where I falL James Whitlow, colored, who can neither read nor write, and who owns 880 And a friend may write-for friends there be­ ~cres_of well-improved farming land, valued at 12,000, and upon. which there On a stone from the great sea wall: 1.8 no mcumbrance, and also ten head of mules, cattle, etc. He IS the father· Jungle and town and reef and sea- of ten children, all of whom can read and write. His oldest son has purchased l loved God's earth and His earth loved me, and is operating a public steam gin, and gins cotton for his community, keeps Taken for all in all. the books, and manages the business. Whitlow is a good citizen, enjoys a good credit, and is well respected by all of his neighbors, both white and black. He pays but little attention to politics, seldont ever votes, and is an Mr. LITTLEFIELD. Mr. Speaker, twice have I been in the honest, upright citizen. pleasant, hospitable and typical town of Tuskeg~e, in the black I also introduced to yon Mose Green, who owns~ acres of land. valued at 1 $4,000, which he pru·cbased from me eight years ago on time without making belt of Alabama. On the first occasion, with a small Congressional a cash payment and paid for in four years. Henas it well improved, is out party, I was the guest of Hon. CHARLES W. THOMPSON, of Ala­ of debt, and owns six mules and horses. bama, and greatly enjoyed his whole-souled and generous hospi­ He is an ex-slave, and can not read or write, but has six or eight children all of whom can read and write; and his oldest son has recently bought and tality. On the second occas~on, as a member of the Congres ~ ional paid for lGO acres of land. committee, it became my privilege to accomp3tny his body to its Yon wua also introduced to Anthony Griffin, who purchased~ acres of last resting place in the beautiful cemetery at Ti:tskegee, where it land adjoining that of Mose Green. He has it paid for, and hcs educated all of his children at Booker Washington's school. He, like the others, can now lies with his kindred. My acquaintance with him and my neither read nor write. ' kno~ledge of his many estimable personal qualities and charac­ Charlie Davis was also present, who owns 640 acres of land, valued at $4,000 teristics are such as enable me to render upon this occasion, in which he purchased some years ago on time, and which is now unencumbered and paid for. He has a fauly good common school education, is a good citi­ more than a perfunctory way, a sincere and heartfelt tribute to zen, and enjoys a good credit. · his memory. In person he was engaging and attractive. His We have in my county twenty or thirty other colored citizens who own character was of the- highest, and his personal and political in­ good tracts of land, well improved. and who are accumulating prouerty tegrity were above suspicion. He was a fine specimen of the every year, and who are also educating their children at Booker Washing­ ton's school and in the public schools of the county. These thrifty, econom­ Christian southern gentleman. Cut o:f in the forty-fourth year of ical, industrious colored people pay very little attention to politics; in fact, his life, he was serving with great credit to himself and useful­ ther. seldom go to the polls; are highly respected in their sphere by both white and black, and enjoy the friendship, confidence, and protection of the ness to his State his second term as a Member of the House. white people. The-fact that during this relatively sport life he had accumu­ A great many of the colored people yon met on my plantation the day you lated by honest toil and his own individual efforts what is con­ spent there have lived as tenants on my land for the past twenty years and hiS have lived comfortably, but have been extravagant and thriftless and have. sidered a handsome fortune in section is the conclusive demon­ never accumulated much property. stration of his great business ability and thrift, and furnishes the Booker Washington's school has done a great work for the colored people adequate reason for-the prominent and leading position he occu­ in that section in stimulating and encouraging them to secure homes, ac­ pied among the people with whom he lived, and, with his esti­ cumulate property, and educate their children. mable personal charactetistics, gives us the unerring key to the I have learned since Mr. THOMPSON's death what his modesty universal and widespread sorrow that was manifested at the time would not permit him to state in a personal letter, and that is of his death by his fellow-citizens. that the larger portion of these " colored citizens" were indebted The deep, sincere, and heartfelt mourning that moved his towns­ to him for the financial aid and business advice that enabled them people, without regard to race or color, was a most striking tribute to become good citizens, entitled to and receiving the respect of to his memory. 'l'he influence and po ition which he acquired in the people among whom they lived and wrought. the House is known to us all, and is creditable to his natural abili­ In this noble work I conceive he was discharging the highest ties as well as his industrious and painstaking service in commit­ duty of American citizenship. and for it he is entitled to the most tee and on the floor. unreserved commendation. It is a splendid object lesson of what Beyond and above this ordinary service which simply reaches may be accomplished by practical common-sense methods. the common level and is not_necessarily indicative of high ideals OneofMr. THOMPSON's most striking characteristics was his ac­ · or characterized by advancing and elevating thought, I believe curate knowledge of human nature and the certainty with which that Mr. THOMPSON was sincerely and successfully contributing he could selectmen who were worthy of help and would not abuse to the solution of one of the greatest problems that can concern his confidence. He is fully entitled to the encomium of Dean the people that he represented-indissolubly_urtited as we are, the Swift, who declared that- problem that seriously concerns us all-without abandoning or Whoever could make two ears of corn or two blades of grass to grow upon surrendering any of the ideas and views which have by long corr­ a spot of ground where only one grew before would deserve better of l!lan­ tact and intimate association with the colored race become firmly kind and do more essential service to his country than the whole race of pol­ imbedded in the consciousness of the Anglo-Saxon race in the iticians put together. South. Who can render greater service to his country than he who dem­ By precept and example, the influence of a successful business onstrates the possibility of making u-seful citizens of a race which, and public man, and direct personal effort, he used every endeavor under proper conditions of education and development, should to aid and facilitate the development and the elevation of this un- prove and will prove the South's most valuable agricultural ~nd XXXVTII-344 • 5490 CONGRESSION .AL _RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24, '

industrial resource? Rightly and wisely utilized, it will be the South was suffering acutely from a cruel and devastating war. most potent factor in the development of that agricultural, indus­ He was born amidst devastation. The section of our great coun­ trial, and material greatne s which is the God-given b:irthright of try from which he came was then about to undergo an indlistrial that land of brave men and fair and virtuous women. revolution-a change from·slave labor to free labor-under which Where. are the Anglo-Saxons who, with the same opportunity, changoo conditions doubtless the South has achieved greater in­ struggling against the same disadvantages, can show the same dustrial development than would have been possible under the achievement and success that have attended the efforts of James old conditions. In short, we may say that Mr. THOMPSON was a ' Whitlow, :Mose Green, Anthony Griffin, Charles Davis~ and child of the bloodiest war of the nineteenth century. " twentv or thirty other colored citizens,, aided by such men a9 As soon as he had reached the age and growth_that enabled Mr. THOMPSON? Given enough of such colored men and enough him to see over the top of a business counter in his father 's store such men to aid them, and the race question will, when time he engaged in helping his father earn a livelihood for a large and enough shall have elapsed for the proper operation of these legiti­ growing family. He was pnt to work-aye, he went to work in mate forces, work out its own solution. his early youth gladly and willingly. The citizens of his town The establishment of a home to shelter his wife and children, are fond of relating the story of his work, beginning when he was the education of his children, teaching the gospel of honest toil, a barefooted boy and ending when he was a planter on a large and the accumulation of property adequate for their comfortable scale, a successful banker, and an honored Member of Congress. maintenance and support are essential features in all trne Amer­ We can not doubt that the experience and practice which he had, ican citizenship. These possessed and all other essential elements beginning in his early youth, equipped and trained him so that he follow, "as the night the day." To these noble ends Mr. THoMP­ became a successful business man. Doubtless the apparent hard­ SON unselfishly bent his best energies with most gratifying suc­ ship which the boy underwent enabled him to lay a foundation cess. He was not.only the friend and supporter of every good of that sterling character and led to large accomplishments-first work, but he was especially interested in and efficiently sup­ in business and afterwards in politics. ported the magnificent work being done by Booker T. Washing­ This young man entered politics a few years ago, first by elec­ ton in the Tuskegee Institute~ tion to the State senate of Alabama. He there proved himself to He was a firm believer in its great utility, beginning as it does be a wise and useful legislator~ so that scarcely had his services at the bottom with practical industrial education, laying the firm as senator ended when he was chosen to come to this body, charged f01mdation without which no enduring superstructure can stand. with making laws for our whole united country. He came here That his work in thls direction was thoroughly appreciated by because he was ambitions to serve his State and country. No the colored people no one could fail to see who witnessed the other inducement guided him, for he had amassed what is called great outpouring of that race as they gathered at the funeral ex­ a fortune in the South and a competency in any section of the ercises and followed his body to the grave with sincere. pathetic, country, and that, too, without ever having subjected himself and unobtrusive manifestations of profound sorrow. even to a suspicion of a questionable dealing. Indeed, he was True it is that they have lost a firm and faithful friend, his liberal and fair and businesslike in all his methods. town its foremost and well-beloved citizen, and his State and But, Mr. Speaker, there are others who know more about hjs his country a broad, liberal-minded, catholic, and _progressive business achievements than I do. I first learned to know Mr. Christian statesman. May we not express the belief that his pro­ THOMPSON well after he had entered the political arena. He did gressive, enlightened, catholic, and patriotic spirit was in truth not have a collegiate education. He had little familiarity with and fact in harmony with the prevailing sentiment of the law­ polite literature. But he had a superior, God-given endowment. abiding, patriotic, God-fearing people of his beloved Southland? He had an incisive intellect, a quick perception, good judgment, That, without antagonizing or attempting to eradicate ideas that and rare common sens~. He brought all these gifts with him in· are the result of generations of development, education, and his political life. It may be said of him that; perhaps, no man in heredity in opening the door of opportunity to a race recently this Congress has accomplished more in life, in the face of ad­ emerged from barbarism and kindling the flame of hope in the verse circumstances, in a like number of years, than this young breast of the lowly, he correctly voiced the higher and nobler man accomplished. He would have been sent to the next Con­ sentiment that is perhaps slowly, but none the less surely, pervad­ gress by the unanimous voice of his people. No man had dared ing the land of the orange and the palm? rise up to oppose ·him. His death came as a shock and as griev­ If we are justified in entertaining this belief, the time can not ous misfortune to his immediate constituents. Our friend has be far distant when, under the blessing and guidance of the God of gone. We bless his memory and praise his noble qualities. We nations, our fathers' God and our God, we shall witness the full can do no more except to draw lessons and inspiration from his fruition of the scriptural saying, " For now we see through a useful and honorable career. glass, darkly; but then~ face to face." He was a typical Southerner, with all his warmth of heart, with all of his impulsiveness, and with all of his courage ana hon­ Mr. CLAYTON. Mr. Speaker, I have come to-day to join in esty of purpose. He loved his people. He loved his State. He these ceremonies, to indorse the beautiful sentiments uttered in loved his country. He served all of them well and faithfully. A ' behalf of our dead friend, and to vote for the resolutions which few weeks ago we took that which was· mortal of him from this have been offered. The melancholy occasion and knowledge de­ city down to Alabama, and on a sunlit plain we laid him away rived from an intimate association with Mr. THOMPSON naturally and covered his newly made grave with a profusion of flowers. suggest the thoughts that come to me. He now sleeps a sleep that shall know no wakening until the While death is looked upon as the final and great calamity in resurrection morn. Rest, dear friend~ in the bosom of your beloved every life, it at least brings all living men to the position where motherState and in thatdear oldcommunitywhere the aged and they are willing and disposed to do justice to the dead, whethe:t; the young, all the people, the white and· the black, rev-ere the foe or comrade. It is perhaps true $at the best measure of any memory, honor the good work, and are proud of the achieve­ man can be had after his departure from the conflicts of life. His ments of CHARLES W. THOMPSON. We laid him away in" God's friends can then best contemplate his good deeds and his honor­ acre," in his beloved Alabama, a. land so fair and blessed of able career. If he had antagonists while living, he is no longer in heaven, where even at night, under moonlit skies and amidst competition with the~ He has ceased to be the object of jealousy the evergreen boughs of the magnolia the mocking bird sings in or envy. The grave has in his case silenced in the hearts of liv­ December. • ing men the e human frailties. In great sorrow we now pay loving and just tribute to the char­ Mr. OONNER. Mr. Speaker, death does not always come as a. ayter, the public services, and the useful life of om departed surprise. When by reason of extreme age or prolonged illness friend. it claims one of our number we regard his removal as inevitable On this the Lord's Day we have converted this Hall} the scene and soon become reconciled to it. It is like a reaper in a field of of many a fierce political struggle, into a sort of sanctuary, into ripened grain, where we expect to find the golden harvest lying a. pla.ce where we acknowledge the omnipotence of God, and bow low after the sickle has passed. Bntwhen in the vigor of mature in recognition to His universal law-the law of life and ~eath. manhood a friend is suddenly stricken down we stand in mute We stand in the presence of death and confess that man, Wlth all surprise and ar& appalled. As we regain our mental poise andre­ of his boasted knowledge and ingenuity, must in the end admit flect calmly upon the situation the truth of the words so oft re­ his inability to defeat the dread reaper, and that, sooner or later, peated comes to us: "In the midst of life we are in death." under the inexorable providence of God, all the sons and daugh­ ... Wliy some are taken and some are left, why the strong and ters of Adam will go willingly or unwillingly to join the departed vigorous fall and the fmil and weakremain can no more be under­ in the great beyond. stood than why the lightning in the forest strikes a tree of vigor· . In considering the success that our friend achieved in life we ou.s growth and spares the one of lesser strength. These secrets ought to be mindful of the obstacles that he met with and that are lodged only in the bosom of-the Infinite, to be revealed in His he overcame, for all success is measurable; it is all comparative. own good time. In our weakness andfrailtywe can but speculate We find that less than forty-four years ago this young man was as to the purpose while following in a path whose course we do born in Macon County, Ala., at a time when the fair land of the not know.

• 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5491

Little did anyone at the beginning of this session of Congress The life before him was full of promise..and further usefulness. imagine that before its close we would be called upon to mourn the He was taken away in the very prime of life, even before his time. loss of Mr. THOMPSON. There was nothing in his appearance or No remarks upon his memory would be complete without re­ manner or in the smile that played upon his face to indicate that cording the deep religious side of his nature. A member in the he was scon to become a shining mark for death. It was perhaps best standing of the Southern Methodist Church, his loss, I sin­ better for him and for his fl'iends that this unwelcome secret was cerely believe, was more widely felt by its ministers in Alabama veiled from sight. than the loss of any of its lay members in recent years. It was It was my good fortune to become .acquainted with 1\fr. THOJtiY­ well remarked by one of his friends on the occasion of his funeral SON soon after he entered the Fifty-seventh Congress. He was services that his last public act in Alabama was to attend the con­ from the South-a typical southerner. He loved the South and ference of this church; and his last service in Washington was to sought to have others share his affection for her institutions. attend services at the Mount Vernon Methodist Church in this city. He first on coming here made his home at a hotel where all the He died-I shall not say without regret, but certainly without other Members of Congress were from the North and, as a rule, fear and without complaint. He had a strong and abiding faith, belonged to a different political party. And yet it was not long even the faith of a little child. He felt it was not death at all, but until be was the f1'iend and associate of every Member living at simply a change. That that which was mortal was laid down, the hotel, stranger that he was and affiliating with another party. and with it pain and strife, and struggle and turmoil. That in its His gracious manner, his warm and cordial nature endeared him place was the immortal, and with it came peace and th~ happiness to everyone who ca~e into contact with him. which passeth all understanding. Truly" Blessed are they who Political affiliations were forgotten, sectional differences sank die in_the Lord.'' out of sight, and the man· and friend only were seen. He had a distinct and marked individuality. He carried about him an at­ Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, called one day' to my west­ mosphere which charmed and drew men unto him and held them ern home,l-bade Colonel THOMPSON good-by, leaving him appar­ in its embrace. He was a loyal friend, not for a day only, but for ently in the full enjoyment of health. Reaching my home·! all time. He was frank and open in his life. He wished others to found the announcement of his death. know more about him and his surroundings. He invited as his I was deeply shocked, for I had known and loved him well. guests reople from the North to visit his home, in order that they From the time that he came to Washington we dwelt under the could b := tter understand the conditions in the South. Those who same roof, and I had been a visitor at his home at Tuskegee. accepted his invitation and enjoyed his hospitality were charm,.ed Gen. Lew Wallace, in Ben Hur, puts substantially these words with the simplicity of his life and•the wealth of friendship that into the mouth of Judith: existed for him among all classes in his own State. There never was a. people that did not think itself at least the equal of any He won at home as he did here, by his frank, open, and maDly other; never a great people that rud not think itself the very superior. life. He was a faithful Representative and always loyal to his Bearing this in mind, it is not to be wondered. at that citizens distl'ict and State. No Congressman was ever more alert to serve though we be of one common country we are all of us inclined his constituents than Mr. THOMPSON. In his death his State and to look upon our particular section as the most favored in this country lose a valuable Representative, his neighbors a true· and land. loyal friend, while the loss to his family overshadows all others. Born as he was at. about the time of the war between the States, And yet there comes to the stricken family a ray of hope in the Colonel THOMPSON bore no bitterness in his heart arising out of thought that this son, this brother, this father has but passed out that strife. The estate of his family was well-nigh wrecked by of s:ght, and that some time, some where, God in His goodness that struggle, but he set himself about to build up the affairs of will bring about a reunion of mother, brother, and children, his family, and he succeeded. . where de~th has no sting and the grave no victory. He had, however, deeply embedded in him the convictions and the opinions of the people of his own section. His political alle­ 1\fr. BOWIE. Mr. Speaker, on this solemn occasion we all feel giance was with that party there dominant. His convictions the same unfeigned regret. 'It is a sad duty which calls us to­ upon the race problem were the convictions in large measure of gether to-day. We come to pay our tribute and our respect to his people, and yet he was broad enough to realize that if the one who has gone from us. South must forever keep the black race there it was best for the The fate which overtook Mr. THOMPSON will sooner or later South that all possible should be made of that race. overtake us all. It is the universal law. The same summons During his service in the legislature of Alabama he did not-lend comes with unerring certainty to the king in his palace and the his sanction to the doctrine that any human being is better for peasant in his hovel. It has been so from the beginning; it will being ignorant, but gave his generous support to the doubling of be sototheend. "The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away; State appropriations for-the maintenance of the famous institution blessed be the name of the Lord.'' located at his home. If this is true, as it undoubtedly is, why is it that mankind re­ While loyal to every southern sentiment and loyal to every mains unaccustomed to the sight; that every new recurrence southern tradition, he·was of that broad mold of Henry W. Grady, brings g1'ief to many stricken hearts? Did anyone ever go but of whom it was said that when he died he was literally loving the what there was some mourner at the funeral,someheart the sad­ nation into peace. His death was premature, measured by earthly der for the going? Death is not always feared or even regretted by standards, and yet, measured by his achievements,' his life was the dying. To many it is a relief from toil and trouble, a passing longer than that of most of men. over the river to the Great Beyond with peace and thankfulness. His loss was felt by all who knew him, though when I heard of Why, then,dotheliving always shudder? Whydoesaconvenient it I could not but feel most deeply for that dear, sweet-faced se2..son never come to them for a loved one to go? The answer is mother I had met in their home in Alabama. His sudden taking a mystery which Heaven has not revealed, but we all realize the off is but another illustration of the fact that- truth of the impulse. There is not a. wind that blows but brings with it some rainbow of promise. At any rate we always bow our heads in grief and drop a tear There is not a moment that flies but the sickle in the field of life r eaps its of sympathy over each new-made grave. And so to-day we meet thousands with their joys a.nd cares. together as a witness and a testimonial of our love and respect for Death was not feared to him. I never knew a man of more qur colleagueand comradewho has passedover theriverandrests simple and childlike Chdstian character. He came to this city under the shade of the trees. with deep-seated convictions upon the subject of morality and re­ The life of CHARLES W. THOMPSON is one to inspire and to lift ligion, and without ostentatiously advertising them he lived all up. Thrown upon his own resources with an unfinished education his days here in strict harmony with them. at an early age he rose to the height of every occasion. He met Never did he depart from that standard of. conduct which had and solved every t ask; he triumphed over every difficulty. He been his in his little town at home. He went out of life in the turned his attention to business in a small towp. where opportu­ full faith that he was going to a better world beyond, and sm·ely nities were few, and he succeeded. The injunction," Whatsoever we may join with him in that belief that- thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might," he obeyed to a Though with bowed a.nd breaking heartB, With sable garb and silent tread, literal degree. We bear his senseless dust to rest, Cut off as he was in the very prime and flower of a young man­ We know he is not dead. hood. he had succeeded in a marked degree in public life. As a member for four years in the State senate of Alabama he rendered Mr. THOMAS of North Carolina. Mr. Speaker, it is with feel­ able, conspicuous, and honorable service to his State. Elected to ings of profound sorrow and deep regret that h'ise in this Cham­ this Congres~ ~ Nove~ber. _19 0~, he. gave ~ts duti~s here the ber to pay a last sad tribute of respect ~o the memory of CHARLES same enthus~stic serv1ce which m pnvate life and m the State WINSTON THOMPSON, and to lay upon his tomb in the fair State of senate had y1elded such successful results, He had in a short IAlabama, in our sunny Southland, my wreath of immortelles and period of three ye~rs ac?m;nplished much for the. good of _his ::peo- my garland of flowers. Not only were the ties of friendship be­ pie, and was making his rmpress felt upon national legislation. tween myself and CHARLES W. THOMPSON strong, but the ties be-

I 5492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24, tween North Carolinians and Alabamians, between the State of answer to these questions, we can find no comfort when one North Carolina and Alabama, are especially strong and numer­ whom we love and esteem meets an untimely end except in the ous. Many of Alabama's citizens are of North Carolina descent. thought that God, who controls the universe, who holds in the Some of North Car olina' !:! citizens are of Alabama descent; in­ hollow of his hand the oceans. who counts the sands upon the sea­ cluding distinguished Representatives from both States upon this shore, and numbers the stars of heaven, and yet who marks the floor. The cities of Alabama , some of them, bear the names of flight and fall of the sparrow! knows what is best and does it; our North Carolina cities. The names of Greensboro and of New­ and though his divine decrees' are immutable and mysterious, yet bern, my home, are also the names of Alabama cities. they affect men and natio~ alike and are the decrees of a loving Since Alabama was admitted into the Union in 1819 North Caro­ Father. - lina has contributed largely to her population, and Alabama has Mr. Speaker, I am a preaestinarian. I believe not that what is honored many of North Carolina's sons. f£he distinguished Wil­ to be will be, but that when God wills, however untimely it may liam R. King, who was- born in the county of Sampson, in my appear to us, then must events transph·e and changes come in the Congressional district, and who formerly represented North Caro­ lives of men and nations, and that his divine will is best. lina in this House, afterwards represented Alabama in the United The poet Whittier, in that grand poem" The eternal goodness," States Senate, and from that good State was sent as minister to imagines some beautiful islands of the sea, unreal and far distant. France, and became Vice-President of the United States. There which are full of beautiful flowers and rare exotics, and joy and · ru:·e now re!)iding in Alabama many distinguished citizens of ' ' Tar poace and sunshine, where it wonld be ecstasy merely to exist. heel" ancestry; many who have removed to that State from my Realizing the sin, the suffering, passions, changes, and chances of State. Such men as Judge Thomas Ruffin Roulhac, United States this mortal life he longs for these beautiful islands of rest. He district attorney;· the Hon. Hannis Taylor, minister to Spain un­ can not discover them, and so he patiently waits by the shore and der :Mr. Cleveland's Administration, a native of Newbern, N.C., listens for the sound of the mufi:l.ed oar of the boat which is to and many other men eminent at the bar and in public life. Mr. bear him across the ocean's billows. He turns to his faith in the THOMPSON himself bore the name of " Winston," a prominent eternal goodness of God, exclaiming: North Carolina family, as well as of Alabama's beloved governor, I know not where His islands lift John A. Winston. Thesefactsmay accountinpartformyownat­ Their fronded palms in air; tachment to Alabama people and to her late Representative wh0se I only know I can not drift memory we honor to-day. Beyond His love and care. It is difficult, Mr. Speaker, for me to find appropriate language It is said that " death loves a shining mark." Certainly in the in which to express the shock and the sadness which the news of sudden death of Mr. THOMPSON was this exemplified. Successful, the death of CHARLES W. THOMPSO~ caused me. Since I have sulTounded by friends, of good habits, and with the brightest been a Member of this body, the greatest parliamentary assembly prospects, the grim destroyer selected an illustrious victim. His in the world, in the brief period of three terms of service here, I aim was sure, swift, and deadly, and before we realized that the have seen many of the nation's most eminent men, including a end was near, and although the most skillful medical aid in the President and Vice-President of the United States and great country was summoned to his bedside, almost without warning statesmen and political leaders, pass from the stage of action. his spirit winged its flight into the great beyond. The pale boat­ The nation and the world have mourned th!3ir departure. But man, with his muffled oar, bore him across the waters to those many of these-yes. most of these-have vanished from the scenes beautiful isles of the sea upon whose shores break forever and of earthly glory, honor, and triumphant success in the zenith of forever the waves of eternity. their fame and after many years of public service. CHARLES W. THOMPSON possessed besid~s a knowledge and apt­ CHARLES W INSTON THOMPSO:N had just begun his public career. itude for business and politics a keen appreciation of all that was In private life he was a successful planter, banker, and business good, true, and beautlful in the world. He had a refinement and man and had accumulated a large income. In his public life he sensibility which led him to love and admire the best in art , lit­ had ~erved Alabama in the State senate, but his political career erature, nature, and mankind. His soul abhorred vice and im­ here was just beginning; and hi~ servi~e in Congress wa~ a ste~ purity of speech. He thought no evil; he believed good of every­ ping stone only to other honors, mcluding the gov:ernorship of. hlB one. He had a cheerful optimism, a wise conservatism, a belief State, when, in a moment, suddenly and almost Without warnmg, in God and humanity, and a love for his fellow'-men: a rare com­ God's finger touched him and he slept. bination of qualities which made him popular with men of all Coming in and going out among .us in this Hall, si~ing by my parties and creeds. In Congress his career and speeches were es­ side during this Congress, full of. life, ho~e, and happmess, lo?k­ pecially notable in their purpose to endeavor to unite all sections ing forward eagerly, cheerfully, JOyously mto the future; seemg of our common country and to obliterate all sectional feeling. there no shadows. only the bright sunlight of peace and success, He appealed for just consideration and accurate knowledge of the and in the vista of the years only still wider avenues of business South and southern conditions. enterprise, still higher honors in public lif~. still greater joy in In an eloquent speech which he made upon southern war claims, living: in apparent good health, death's poisoned shaft pierced in which he urged the repeal of the fourth section of the Bowman him in a night, and after a brief struggle my friend succumbed Act, which bars the great bulk of southern claims for supplies to the inevitable. He met with patient resignation and fortitude furnished to or taken by Federal forces in the civil war, because the divine decree; he faced death bravely, and closing his eyes it makes the claimant's loyalty to the United States Government upon the changing scenes of earth fell asleep to awake in heaven's durlng that war essential tothe validity of his claim, Mr. THOMP­ eternal morning. soN made an earnest plea for the whole people of the South, for Closing his earthly career in his forty-fourth year, he had won reconciliation and peace between all sections of the country, and success as a business man, an educator, a. legislator, and a states­ showed the gross injustice of northern partisans in believing and man, and in every capacity he was us~fnl and honorable, an~ treating the South as still disloyal to the Union. withal a Christian gentleman, popular Wlth all classes and condi­ I quote one paragraph from that speech. Mr. THOMPSON said: tions of people in·the community in which he lived, and beloved Southerners are as good citizens of the United States to-day c.s are the by them all. Northerners-, and t hey should be treated as su ch b y our laws. Our supplies We have often heard it said that a man dies when his work in wer e t.e.ken and used by the officers of t h e Governmenthand should b e p aid the world is finished. The work of CHARLES W. THOMPSON seemed for. '.rhe South does her f ull share of t he fi ghting for t e Union. She d ocs just to have begun. Why was it not to be completed? Where­ h er full share of the w ork of the conntry. She bear s h er full share of the b nrdens of the conntr y . ~he paY.s h er ful~ eh~e . of the 150,0?0JOOO pn.id in fore was the stately column broken? By what theory, what reason, pensions each year for Umon soldiers. She IS str1vmg equally w1tn theN orth what philosophy, do you explain the .sudden termination of a f or the honor, w elfare, and advancement of thewho~e oountnr. Tho two sec­ tions are in pe1·fect unity, pea.~ and concord each With the other, and all acts bright, happy, useful, and prosper ous life? . inconsistent with this so d esirable co!Mition of affairs should bo forthwith It is said that our friend contracted the disease by which he repealed. Think of the heroes of Georgia, Virginia, [!.nd tho Caroli.n!l..S ill the was striclten in attending devoutly the services of his. chur?h, the Revolutionary war; the men who, almo t stn.r>e:i, b:ll'efootod, and in rags, b f­ fled the hosts of Britisll regulars and won from them n.n U!lllunbere:i series of Methodist Episcopal Church South. Wherefore, W:hile evil m en brilliant victories under 8 nmpter and Marion. Remember tl!e e:s:p:o · ts of the continue to live and flourish, should a good man die? These are Southerners nnder Andrew Jack:wn in th-a w~r of ltl12. m::.dor E:cott and Tay­ questions constantly recur ring when death strikes do'!ll a good lor in the Mexican war, and remember that when the Sp:mish war broke out man at our side; questions as old as the everlasting hills! as the the Southern Confederate veterans and their ong spr.• ng with one accord to the defense of the Stars and Strjpes a.nd fo:~.ght for tho fie on sea and land philosophies of ancient times, as th~ teachings of the h eath~n with unsurpassed bravery and vigor. The mw who h9ltl the fort at Ha.uann. philosophers, Plato, Socrates,.and !'-nstotle, as old as h uman life was a Southerner and a ncp!!ew of Robert E. Le . Th first one to fall in it elf, yet ever new_and recurrmg like the myst.ery of death .. Th,~ tlmtwarwas a Southerner, sealing his devotion to the Union with his hea1·t'a stoic answers " We lmow not; let us endura w1thout complamt. blood. The epicure~ answers, "We know not; life is brief, its ills are Such sentiments a s these indicate th e patriotic spirit of CH.A.RIZS many and so while we live let us live." The Christian answers, W. THOMPSO~ . Mourned by his friends, the community in which "It is' the divine will, and we bow to the divine decree." he was reared and lived, the constituency by whom he was be­ Whatever may be the solution of this great mystery and the loved and twice elected to Congress, and by all the citizens of ..

1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5493

Alabama, the body of CHARLES W. THOMPSON has return·ed to the He was a true son of the Southland. He loved her history and dust of his native State and his brave and kindly soul to the God her traditions; he loved the locality in which he was born and who gave it. May he rest in peace in Alabama's soil, there to had always lived. await the resurrection morning and the "rising of the Sun of He loved the flowers and the bright skies and the singing birds righteousness with healing in his wings." of his native State. He loved her almost perpetual summer, her balmy breezes, and her broad smiling landscapes. He loved the Mr. RAINEY. Mr. Speaker, the power of a great nation does people who live there-young and old, white and black; he loved not depend alone upon armies and fleets and the extent of its ter­ them all, and they loved him. ritory, but upon the honesty and worth and enthusiasm of its Death came in the full flush of youthful manhood, when for citizens. The material progress of a country depends to a large him the sun was still shining in the eastern sky and had not yet extent upon the integrity of the men who are elected to public approached the meridian. Death iB always sad, but it is less sad office. when the shadows of evening are gathering, and when a man has CHARLES WINSTON .THOID'SON believed always in the idea that lived out the years of his matm·e manhood and is entering upon a public office is a public trust, which must always be adminis­ the infirmities of old age. tered with the same appreciation of the responsibilities involved He died here in this capital at his post of duty, a victim to the as is required in the transaction of the ordinary business affairs severity of an unusually cold winter in Washington. I was one of life. of the Members of this body who accompanied his remains to his As a Member of the Congress of the United States and _in all native village. As the long train moved swiftly across parallels the minor poll tical offices he at various times filled he discharged of 1atitude we soon began to realize that we had left behind us his duties honestly, faithfully, and fearlessly, and with the same the land of snow and cold and were entering upon the sunny zeal and integrity that always characterized his transactions in Southland. the numerous business activities in which he was engaged. I shall never forget the impressive scene which followed our He brought with him to this House all the enthusiasm of his arrival in his native village. The night was not far advanced, young manhood. He has left here the-impress of a strong, manly and from miles around his old friends had come to pay their trib­ personality. Upon such men as CHARLES WINSTO~ THOMPSON ute to his memory. depends, to a large extent, the welfare .and material progress of I can see yet the long procession up the village street, the our country. heartfelt grief of his family and of the friends of his own race, He was born in the Southland when the two. sections of our the long lines of black men and women who stood respectfully, country were cont-ending in the greatest civil war the world ever with uncovered heads, as we passed. saw. He lived out his young manhood surrounded by the evi­ It was glorious springtime in tne Southland. The air was laden dence of the changed and constantly chan.ging conditions brought with the fragrance of flowers; from the orchards came the song about by that conflict. The traditions of centuries had been de­ of the mocking bird. It was the season he loved best. CHARLIE stroyed. · The labor system of great States had been overturned. THOMPSO~ had come home-back to the country he loved and to Amid the chaos which followed -the war he grew to manhood. the people who loved him. Living in thecenterof the "black belt" of Alabama, he had oppor­ We covered his grave with flowers and left him there in the tunities for the study of social conditions such as were presented to land he loved, under the blue sky of his native State, where the but few men. Fighting always, even in early youth, with a man­ 'flowers bloom and the birds sing and the balmy breezes forever ful courage the battle of life, he soon learned to appreciate fully blow from the southern gulf, the difficulties which presented themselves in the attempt to solve the race problem in the South. [Mr. BURNETT addressed the House. See Appendix.] His material affairs prospered, and he was able to give much time to the study of this most important question. He made it Mr. PADGETT. Mr. Speaker, once more an angel messenger his life work. The locality in which he Uved was peculiarly fitted delivered his message to the House of Representatives, and the late to develop in him the ideas he sought to impress upon Congress CHARLES W. THOMPSON responded and took his departure. We and upon the country. baNe assembled upon this holy Sabbath afternoon to speak a word The emancipation of the negro had left that race largely prepon­ of just tribute to his memory and his works. He and I entered derating in his section. On account of this fact the .great Tus­ Congress at the beginning of the Fifty-seventh Congress. Dur­ kegee Institute was located there. This great institution, officered ing that Congress I only knew him as a Member of the House. by negroes, has been successfully striving to nplift the race by In the Fifty-eighth Congress we were assigned to work upon the training them in the indl¢ria1 occupations. He was in entire Banking and Currency Committee, and there I knew him better sympathy with this work and rendered at all times valuable as­ and had more association with him. sistance. In speaking of him to-day, however, I shall speak less of what Here in the village of Tuskegee he resided during all the years I know myself and more of what those who knew him better and of his life. He has contributed much toward the solution of this had had longer association with him testified to his worth and his great economic problem. merits; to speak that impression that he made upon me and what He was loved by all who lmewhim. His bright, cheerful dis· I believed he was, in truth -and in fact. First of all, I desire to position made him armies of friends wherever he went, among say that he was a man of deep religious conviction. To say that both the white and the black races. he was a member of the church is not enough. True, he was a Sunshine was he in the winter day, devoted member of the church, but there is more than church And in the summer, coolness and shade. membership. In his heart, in his soul, in his being there was a He was an honest, conscientious, enthusiastic, forceful man of deep, earnest conviction of his duty, his obligations, and his rela­ action, always in the full possession of all his faculties. Such a tionship to his God. He believed in the Fatherhood of God, not man is the grandest object this world ever exhibits. To nse the abstractly, not simply that God was the Creator in the abstract words of a great American orator, ''The heavens in their magnifi­ of all things, but in the concrete that he was the Father of the cence, the ocean in its sublime immensity, mountains standing human race. firm upon their granite foundations, all are less imposing than a It is a good thing, Mr. Speaker, to lodge in the human heart a living man in the possession of his highest faculties." belief in the fatherhood of God, and CHARLES W. THO:llPSO~ had We have assembled here to-day to do honor to the memory of a deep and earnest and sincere conviction in this belief, and this an honest, thoughtful man, who in his lifetime was a potent fac­ belief made itself manifest in his life, in his conduct, and in his tor in the solution of great economic questions. Such a man while character. Again, Mr. Speaker, he was a man of broad humani­ he lives is an inspiration to all who come within the sphere of his tarian sympathies. All of llB have our sympathies, all of us have influence- our charitable thoughts, our kindly affections, our love for our And when he dies he leaves a lofty name; friends, but there is more in life, there is more in sympathy than A light, a. landmark on the cliffs of fame. affection for an individual or kindness to a particular person. The wo:rk he attempted to do can not be arrested by the cold There is a breadth, there is a broadness, there is a comprehen­ hand of death. He started into forceful motion activities which siveness fu sympathy that reaches out and touches humanity, and will not stop with his death. Fifteen hundred years ago barbari­ CHARLES W. THOMPSON had that sympathy. He believed in the ans attempted to remove from the earth the influence of Athenian brotherhood of man. He touched elbows with humanity; his sculpture and they mutilated and buried the old Greek statues; heart responded to the noble sentiments, the deep sympathy, the but these great works of art live again, and during all the cen­ abiding confidence in the integrity, in the worth, and in the merit turies have '' kissed into being with their cold lips of marble '' of humanity, and it was this belief, it was this broad humanita­ successive generations of artists, who have made the world ever rian sympathy inspiring his life that interprets and sheds light more beautiful and have developed and uplifted human ideals. upon his character and upon his worth as a man, as a citizen, and Such a man as CHARLES WINSTON THOMPSON lights up this old as a legislator. cheerless world and glorifies all he undertakes with bright hues He was also a successful man in the material business affairs of })rought down from heaven. life, a man of sob1iety, a man of energy, a man of industry, a 5494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 24, man who properly and wisely appreciated the virtues that enter or what ability he may have shown in some other forum, when he into and constitute the elements of life and of character. He did becomes a 1\Iember of the House of Representatives he will be not believethatcharacterwas a haphazard matter, but he realized judged by the record he makes here. that it was constituted of elements, essential elements without Mr. THOMPSON attracted men not by brilliant speech or self­ which life was a failure, and ih3.t these elements of character assertiveness but rather by his gentleness and conservatism. He were th9 virtues of life, and he put these virtues into practice. was a manly man. His was a bright face that wore a cheery He was not satisfied simply to believe in virtues, in the elements smile, sure token of a genial~ happy dispo ition, and a mind that of chs.racter in the abstract, but he had a desire and an ambition entertained high i~eals. The world is a mirror that reflects back to exemplify and illustrate these virtues in his daily walk, in his om· own image. Smile, and it smiles at you; weep, and it shows conversation, in the mode and the manner of his living and mov- a tearful countenance. Changing the figure. some one has said ing among men. As the result of this he enjoyed the confidence, that the world is a savings bank from which we can draw out the love, and the respect of the people of his home land and of only what we put in. No wonder, then that our dead friend saw his colleagues and associates in this Chamber. I shall not dwell love and beauty and joy and gladness in. the world, and wore a upon that. Others who knew him longer and had associated smile and had a hearty l: and shake for those he met. He was in more with him have borne witness to that phase of his life. lo-ve with the world a~ound him and with his fellow-men. and Let me only add that a man moved by such imp"Rlses. inspired the world was in love with Mr. THOMPSON. He gave to his fellow­ by such inspirations, knew and realized and proved that "life is men the warmth of his sunny nature and they paid him back in more than meat and the body is more than raiment." I his own coin. I was one of the committee of this House appointed to attend As a legislator he was studious and purposeful. His ambition his funeral at his home in Alabama. The esteem and respect of was to do right. A Southerner he was typic1l of that s ::ction­ the people of his native State was indeed a beautiful and inspir- loyal to its traditions and proud of its history. But he was not ing tribute to his worth and a noble monument to his memory. provincial; he was an American and loved the whole Union. As In the midst of life death came to him, and he left us; and we a business man he was unusually successful, and yet he was stand here to-day asking ourselves why. Is death the end? If so, neither a bigot nor a Shylock. He gave his goods to feed the our aspirations are ban-en: our inspirations are fruitless. If poor, and was delighted to be a steward of his Lords money. death is the end why should we cultivate the intellect to sweep I had the honor of being one of the Congressional escort that out over a universe, to gather in the knowledge and the glory and went with his body to his much-loved Alabama home. It was a the grandeur of creation? If·death is the end, why should we sad mission. Th6 immense concourse of people, representing all fill our hearts with the inspirations of love? Why should we classes and conditions, that followed his body to the grave was link and bind our lives with the ties of friendship and hallowed an eloquent tribute to his worth and showed the esteem in which association, if it all comes to naught? If death is the end, why he was held by his neighbors. Only two weeks before he had told should we not seek only to gratify that within the grasp of our friends and loved ones good-by, after a brief visit to his home, senses? and had, in apparently perfect health, resumed his duties here. It is standing in the contemplation of scenes like this, in the Life seemed to spread out before him and years beckoned him shadow of lives like that of Mr. THOMPSON, that we can rise in forward. But he fell in the zenith of his manly strength, with the dignity of manhood, in the glory of such a character. and say. the sun of life at high meridian. MeasuTed by the highest stand­ ''I know that my Redeemer liveth and that after this life I shall ard of manhood, his life was not so short after all, for" he lives see God." longest who lives best." 'Tis life not death, I crave; more life, richer life, would I ha\e. Let me speak briefly :aow of the most striking phase of Mr. Here in this life, hemmed in by the senses, able to communicate THOMPSO~ s character. He was not ashamed of the gcspel of only through the limited and narrow channels and avenues of Christ and esteemed it an honor to be reckoned among the chil­ sense; over there, untrammeled by the limitations of our physical d.ren of God. senses in the life which he enjoys~ we are in much with the eter- The average man can easily conform to the requirements of the nities-the eternities of time, the eternities of space, the eternities moral law at home, surrounded by Christian influences, but many of opportunity, the eternities of accomplishment. men become lax in the observance of religious duty when they Oh the little time that is allowed us here, when our ambitions, come to the capital and go with the multitude to do evil. Not our calculations, om· aims, and om· purposes are cut short as illus- so with our departed friend. We are told that the first Sunday trated by the life of this man! Encompassed by the limitations after he arrived in Washington, at the opening of the Fifty-seventh of time, the limitations of space, our sphere of action is so narrow Congress, he went to the church of his choice the Methodist Epis­ we can extend our associations and friendships and obligations copal Church South, put himself under the charge of the pastor, and duties only over a little territory. and then, Sunday after Sunday. when in Washington, he was E ere opportunity it is said, comes to us once only, and then it found among the worshipers. No, he was not ashamed. b be seems that we accomplish in the full, rounded, perfected sense so called a Christian. little. _ Is it not a comfort, as we measure life and character by When the shadows lengthened and the death dews settled on such a standard as the life and character of this man, to find con- his pallid brow he told the minister, "I am not afraid to die." solation in the thought of the life beyond, in the eternities of our Who does not envy such heroism? opportunities and our accomplishments? Verily, these are the The great and wise of earth havo weighed the planets, mea ured grandeur and the glory and the J:Ower of life. their orbits, and determined their revolutions: but none have been able to raise the shadows that hang around the tomb or say where Mr. SCARBOROUGH. Mr. Speaker, some one has truthfully will rest the soul when freed from this mortal casket. said: "It is a pious office to scatter sweets over the tomb of de- And yet our friend, soothed and sustained by an unfaltering parted worth." For that purpose we are met to-day. CHARLES . trust in God, approached the King of Terrors in this final conflict W. THOMPSON is no longer a Member of this great American Con- and was not afraid. gress, but his comrades on both sides of this Chamber esteem it a He had heard" songs in the silence," and the God whom he had melancholy pleasm·e to turn from acrimonious debate and place served forsook him not in that hour. Crowns and coronet , seep­ among the archives of the second session of the Fifty-eighth Con- ter3 and robes of office give no guaranty again..<:;t the icy touch of gre~s their testimonials as to the character and worth of the la- death or any title to rest and home and life and joy beyond the mented dead. grave. But in spite of wealth and high position and the seduc- The death of our friend is another startling proof of the uncer- tive influences of official life, our friend had found the "open tainty of life. Neither exalted position nor wealth furnish any sesame.'' immunityagainstthisdread visitation. Om· friend had both, but Peace, n<~ace, swe2t peace, Wonderful gift from above- in spite of that and in spite of the services of skilled physicians, Oh, wonderful, wonderful_poo.ce, CHA.RLES W. THOMPSO~ heard a call that he could not disobey; Sweet pea

1904. CO GRESSIONA~ RECORD-HOUSE. 5495 his disembodied spirit winged its flight from the ills of life to a that of State senator, and while serving in that capacity he was brighter and better home beyond the skies, to that- elected to the Fifty-sev-enth Congress in a hotly contested race. t Mysterious world, unh'?-V:eled .bY the sun, He was retm·ned to the Fifty-eighth Congress by a large majority, Where time's fa.r-wandermg tide has never run. and would have been reelected without opposition to the Fifty- Insthis untimely death the State mourns one of her stronge ninth Congress but for his sudden death. He was peculiarly and noblest sons. His illness was brief. Grief-stricken, we adapted to public life. Enthusiastic in his affections, generous scarcely had occasion to gather around his sick bed before we. in nature, m3.oonanimous in disposition, benevolent and public­ were summoned to follow his body to the grave. spirited, tactful in the management of men and measures, tire- So buoyant and manly, strong and healthy, brave, loyal, and less in energy, patient and painstaking in the conquest of details, true was he that it never occurred to us to associate him with the he possessed, iu addition to these characteristics, a magnetic per­ idea of death. Better than any man I ever knew he appreciated sonality, which enabled him to triumph in all his undertakings the just relations between himself and others, the duties arising without surrendering one "jot or tittle" of his honest convictions. from them, and his obligations at all times to fulfill them. Doctor Johnson has somewhere said: "He whose life has passed I was his intimate personal friend and loved him for those qual- without a contest, who can neither boast success nor merit, and ities of head and heart which endeared him to all who came into is content with his own character, must owe his satisfaction to close contact with him. As a father, snn, brother, neighbor, his insensibility." There is not a person on earth who has not friend, church member, and patriotic citizen he discharged every in him the power to do good. What men want is not talent so duty cheerfully and' with the approval of a good conscience. mucb as purpose; not so much the ability to achieve as the will to Time robs us of our treasures one by one, leaving us nothing labor. . save our dead. ThewaysofGodareinscrntable-pastfindingout. In little circles, it may be, we gather about us those who are In the midst of a useful and honorable career, with a rainbow of bound to us by ties of affection or cemented by common rights promise spanning a brilliant future and glowing with prismatic and mutual interests. A man can not live for himself alone. c<>lors of richest hue, it is beyond our finite comprehension to Our fallen friend was literally the " archimedean lever" that nnderstand why the" dread summons" should come to him at an moved the social, commercial, and religious thought and action hour so inopportune. All our sorrows, it is said, have elements of the community in which he waa born. He had, of course, of good in them, and as "the swift shuttle pa-sses" we catch battles to fight and victories to win. He encountered difficulties bright glimpses of golden threads in the black web of our afllic- and conquered them. He faced obstacles and surmounted them. tions. Light and shade, good and evil, joy and sadness, sickness A tree is known by the fruit it bears. A man is judged by the and health, life and death, cross and recross like warp and woof product of his labor. in the loom and weave up the eternal network of our destiny. According to every standard known to human experience by But- which earthly fame is measured we are forced to rank him among . Each hC?pe and f~ar that blights t~e eye or clouds the brow those who have compassed large results; but the make-up of this Procla1ms there IS a happier sphere than this bleak world that holds~ now, remarkable man can not be understood, nor a proper estimate be From the almost inspired pen of Edmund Burke we have this put upon his life and character, without taking into account the memorable sentiment: "There is nothing in the world that does beneficent influence his devoted Christian mother exercised in his not lie within the reach of an informed understanding and a well- moral and religious training. directed pursuit." The moral qualities, the excellencies of char- It was Madame de Stael who told Napoleon Bonaparte that if acter, of brave and loyal men have caused the torch of truth to he wished to regenerate France he must first regenerate her come down from heaven to earth. Truth and courage are lordly mothers. A nation's glory or shame begins at the lullaby cradle, virtues. They wear upon their heads the dignity and glory of fondly rocked by an anxious mother's hand. It is an indisputable kingly power; and when softened by charity, which is thei.J: lov- fact that scarcely any man has ever attained distinction in his ing mother, they become the superb crown of humanity-not im- chosen sphere who was not reared by a consecrated mother. perious despots, but checked aad tempered sovereigns of the soul. The tender love and consideration he always manifested for his CHARLES W. THOMPSO~ was a broad-gauged, progressive, lib- mother was beautiful to contemplate. How proud she was of erty-loving American. He was not a theorist or pessimist. He her worthy son-the idol of her heart, the "apple of her eye," was no literary vagrant, loitering about the soft places of indo- and what a cruel blow was struck her when the ': still small voice', lence and ease. He was intensely practical. He did things. He coming from the realm of shade fell upon his ear and whispered: accomplished results. With a Napoleonic grasp of the situation, "Child of the dust, come away-come away." he reached conclusions with unerring accuracy and apparently When he left her to attend to his Congressional duties at Wash· without conscious intermediate process. Earnestly patriotic, his ington, imprinting a kiss upon her aged lips, health bloomed in ardent wish was to have all sectional lines obliterated, to behold his cheeks and joy laughed in his eyes; only two weeks later the North,Soutb,East,and West banded together in the common when he returned to her his body lay in a coffin. His image b::mds of perpetual union and fraternal love. Direct in his meth- deep graven on her broken heart will remain " till memory be ods, clear of comprehension, with a bright mind full of useful dead:" He was her prop and support-her stay and hope. She knowledge, fluent in speech, and graceful in manner, it was no had directed his youthful mind and guided his erring footsteps, marvel that in his public addresses he became so interesting and and now, in her declining years, she delighted to lean-on his loving instructive that "the common people heard him gladly." breast; and he never failed her. His staff was her "comfort." The Bible description of a Christian worker, "not slothful in He was essentially a busy man; yet in the hmTy and bustle in.. business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord," precisely fitted him. cident to an active life he found time for the distribution of chari­ He met the duties, 1·esponsibilities, and obligations of life with ties and benefactions with a liberal hand. He did not deem it a truth and courage, honor and manhood. It is- the rugged high- weakness to give sway to the influence of loving and sympathetic way that calls forth one's strength and not the valleys of sensu- emotions. He preserved in his warm heart some green spots ous ease. The fierce winds drive the roots of the giant oak deep where the caravan wheels of the world never passed and where down into the earth, so that it may resist the raging storms. Car- the hoofs of its carnival coursers never trod. His benevolences lyle defined genius to .be "a light of intelligence, of truth, and of made life beautiful to many sorrow-stricken souls, bringing to all manfulness." This sort of genius craves recognition and ap- them flowers and music and good cheer, and pouring into their preciation. Merit does not voluntarily hide itself from the knowl- w-eary hearts light and gladness, and sunshine. edge of men. It will live through the fires of persecution. It will But he has left us forever. Death, who knocks alike at the break the shackles of ignorance, superstition, and prejudice. It palaces of the rich and the cottages of the poor, unwilling to await will stand firm aj!ainst adversity's howling tempests. Even the fruition of his earthly endeavors, has called this faithful pub­ prison walls and iron bars can not shut out its influence. lie servant, this genial and gentle friend, "from labor to rest;'' It was a doctrine of old paganism that the gods gave nothing but he has not died in vain. His good deeds will live after him to mortals without severe toil. Acting upon the plinciple that and insph·e the youth of the land to emulate his well-rounded labor conquers all things and" time will bring its own reward," character. He leaves to the nation and his native State, to his the splendid gentleman whose death we mourn to-day struck out family, kindred, and friends the legacy of an unsullied name. for himself in the great ocean of busy life around him and strug- We mourn for a comrade lost; we grieve for a friend that is- gone; gled heroically with its waves. He proved himself strong and but we will cherish the memory of his noble life, and emulate worthy; and his fellow-men were not slow in making the discov- those lustrous virtues which incited him to lofty aspirations in ery, in properly appreciating his efforts, and in rewarding him his works and aims during his pilgrimage on earth, in his daily according to his deserts. From obscurity to fame he fought his walk amongst his fellow-men. They have builded for him " a way. and his career demonstrates and illustrates the magnificent monument not made with hands, eternal in the heavens." possibilities of American citizenship. With a modest beginning in his native town of Tuskegee, he Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that all Members who amassed a large fortune before he reached the age of 40 years. have not spoken, but who may desire to submit remarks upon the He did not enter the political arena until he had already achieved life and character of CHARLES WIKSTON THOMPSO:Y, have leave to notable business successes. The first official position he held was print in the RECORD within such time as is usual. 5496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. .APRIL 24,

The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it will be so party to which he belonged. - He was a popular candidate, an able ordered. and efficient candidate, a candidate who challenged and received DEATH OF HON. WILLIAM W. SKILES. the honor and respect of his partisan opponents. He was a can­ didate who treated his opponents with consideration, respect, and Mr. CURRIER. Mr. Speaker, I offer the following resolusions, regard, and they esteem~d him and believed in him, notwith­ which I will send to the desk and ask to have read. standing the principles that he represented. In the town where The Clerk read as follows: he lived, Shelby, Ohio, he was popular. I was unable to attend Resolt:ed, That the business of the House be now suspended that opportu­ nity may be given for tributes to the memory of Hon. WILLIAM W. SKILES, his funeral, but I am told that there was a significant demonstra­ late a Member of this House from the State of Ohio. tion of love and affection which testified in the strongest possible • Resolved, That as a particular mark of respect to the memory of the de­ degree to the high standing that he held in the community. I ceased, and in recognition of his diqtinguished public career, the House, at the conclusion of these exercises, shall stand adjom-ned. - know that his standing in the State at large was the standing of Resolved, That the Cler~ communicate these resolutions to the Senate. a citizen highly respected and highly honored. His home life Resolved, That the Clerk send a copy of these resolutions to the family of was beautiful. His love and affection for his wife was significant the deceased. and happy. His family around him loved and honored him, and The resolutions were agreed to. they weep with both affection and pride because of his untimely death and of his career. . Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Speaker, I have listened with great He was making his way in Congress. He had suffered illness :interest to the beautiful eulogies that have been pronounced. upon here which retarded his progress, but he was making his way. the dead and distinguished Member from Alabama [Mr. TROMP- He was able, he was clear-headed, he was intelligent, and he was -SON], and a thought has come to me that it is wise that we should ambitious. Those are the elements that go to make Congressmen assemble in a session of the House to speak of the character and successful. Personally, I think that the greatest of these is am­ virtues of those who have gone before. There is too much of cen­ bition, because I believe in ambition.- I believe the man who is sure and too little of intelligence in considering and discussing our ambitious to rise is the man who will do all that is necessary to public men. One will not find among the body of men comprising challenge and receive the respect and confidence of his fellows. this House many who have not come here because of some strong, His death, therefore, was untimely. It is my belief that he would attractive, and valuable personal characteristic. So it is well that have b ::: en reelected to the Fifty-ninth Congress; and if he had, I thoi.r careers shall be described and their virtues proclaimed, their am confident he would have overcome a sort of unwritten, and successes made known. It will be an incentive to the young men what to me seems an unfortunate, law of some of our districts in of the future and an assurance to the people of the present. Ohio, that a man elected to Congress may be there but for two I speak for a very few moments of the life and character of our terms and that then he shall be relegated to the rear-a fatal de­ colleague, WILLIAM WooDBURN SKILES, of Ohio. His death was fect in our system, something that makes us many times weaker untimely; it came when he was apparently just upon the thresh­ than we would be if common sense and good judgment prevailed. old of a great career. He fell at the post of duty. He fell when I believe that in his case he would have grown and overcome any he was being honored and appreciated by his fellows and when such obstacle, if that obstacle existed, and I had hoped to see the door of ambition was open before him, when he was zealously him a distinguished and prominent Member of Congress. Had pushing his way to usefulness and influence. He was born in the he lived, I have no doubt that my wish would have been realized. State of Pennsylvania in 1849, was taken to Ohio, and settled in But he is dead and gone, Mr. Speaker. His record is made up. Richland County, a county of fine farms, intelligent men, good It is a good record, and one of which his family may well be proud people, loyal friends of civilization. He was educated and grew and his fellows may well approve. I have no time nor disposition up to manhood, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. to-discuss the philosophy of death. I can not understand any He had been married about a year before. He diligently and more than any other man or all men put together why it is that faithfully pursued the practice of law from the time of his ad­ the men most valuable, most wanted here, die first. I can not missic. n to the Ohio bar until the time of his death. He never understand how a young man, as THOMPSON of Alabama, whose sought office, never held any office of any importance until he was life and character have to-day been _eulogized, or a strong man elected to the Fifty-seventh. Congress. He was a strong, able, like SKILES, should die, while old men, men too old for activity, well-educated, well-trained lawyer, a man who had the confidence are left behind. God knows, and some day, as we have so often and esteem of the bar and bench of Ohio in the fullest degree. heard to-day, we may know all about it. I speak, of course, of those who knew him. He was an admira­ I do not know now, and no philosophy can teach me and no ble advocate. His arguments to the court were powerful; his study of books can enlighten me-no dogma of religion can throw addresses to the jury were forceful: eloquent, and able. He was upon it any light. So I am willing to submit to the decrees of a a faithful lawyer. He was one of those lawyers who devote them­ benevolent Heavenly Father. With blind faith-for that is what selves to the interests of their clients. Honorable, high-minded, all of our faith must come to at last-in the goodness of God and above all suspicion of the shyster, he was a straightforward gen­ the wisdom of His administration of affairs, His careful meting tleman. So devoted to the interests of his clients was he that he out of all that is right and just and desirable to us, I shall abide attracted my attention in a matter in which he took deep interest my time and believe that when men like THOl\1PSON and SKILES during the last few months of hia.life. He had in his hands the and HANNA fall there is some good reason for it, and that some interests of a client whom he believed was threatened with a day I perhaps may know what it is. If I do not, it will make great wrong and injmtice, and he labored persistently while in little difference, for I shall still have confidence-blind confidence, Washington, scanning all the evidence, studying carefully the if you please-in the wisdom of the power that is administering law of the case. I myself became greatly interested in the case, these events. for I felt-learning from him more than all I knew before-that We shed our tears figuratively over the grave of our departed injustice was probably threatened; and his appeal to the execu­ colleague; we tender to his loving wife and family our sincere tive of Ohio was made with the conscientious belief that it was condolence and regard, and may his shining example, his bright the only salvation for his friend and client. He was engaged in career, be an incentive to those he has left behind, and in the full­ a struggle for that client when he fell at the hands of death. ness of time may they come to appreciate that virtue, honor, ~ The last act of his life was at the peril of his life; the last effort integrity, patriotism, and uprightness will secure the approba­ he made was a fa tal effort. He left there because of his client and tion of the people. was hurried to his home only to fall under the hands of disease. As I have said, he was well educated, a man who kept in touch with Mr. TIRRELL. Mr. Speaker, itiscertainlyfittingthatone who the progress of the affairs of his State and his country. He was a has been a Representative in this body and in the midst of the per­ faithful party man. He was not an offensive partisan, but a good formance of his public duties has been called hence that tho e who partisan. He believed in party organization; he b~lieved that a knew him intimately should attest their appreciation of his char­ man could do more good for his country through the organization acter and here embody in permanent form the salient features of of a party than he could do by any independent action of his own. his life. It was my privilege to benumbered in that class. During And that is the true philosophy of American government. Our the Fifty-seventh Congress Representative SKILES and myself Government is a government by parties, and the government of boarded at the same hotel, sat at the same table, and during a por­ party consiets in the organization of party and the fidelity of the tion of the time his son was my private secretary. membership to party and to party organization. No man in Thus I came to know him intimately; not only him but all his this country. if I may be allowed a slight digression, has ever family. Little by little the incidents of his career were unfolded risen to a po3ition where he has benefited his country and done to me as well as his social and domestic life. He was not one who good to mankind on his own hook. Free governments are not carried his heart upon his sleeve. He was not voluble in conver­ administered by guerrillas, and guerrillas are as distasteful and sation. He did not volunteer information about himself. Re harmful to popular government in time of peace as they are dis­ had no self-conceit. He never boasted of his achievements. There tasteful to the soldier in time of war. was no vain glorification in his conversation. He. did not consider M.r. SKILES was elected to the Fifty-seventh Congress by a large it necessary to assert himself to secure his own advancement. majority in a district, however, that gives a large majority to the He knew his limitations, and while not deprecating his own CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5497

- .abilities· had a self-reliant confidence that asserted itself when in a clear, concise, and logical manner, depending more upon necessary for the accomplishment of the end he had in view. He hard facts and reasoning than eloquent periods or impassioned took a broad view of every matter in which he was interested. appeals. Details were easily mastered by him, and for this rea­ He adopted the simplest and most natural methods to accomplish son he was a very valuable representative in the committee room hi3 purposes. Thus as time rolled on, slowly, but surely, he laid and most useful to his constituents. It was his wish that Judge the foundations of a useful, honorable, and eminently successful A. R. Webber, of Elyria, Ohio, should succeed him, and yester­ life. He was a .farmer's boy. His youthful vision sawthe broad day Judge Webber was nominated as his successor. Ohio fields and the woods and streams around him where nature His death came as a shock, for he had recovered from severe only could impress its lessons. illness in the spring and seemed in vigorous health. What a The district school, with its rudimentary instruction, must demonstration at his obsequies! .lEneas in the plutonian shades have afforded a desultory education only. A better education saw the shadowy forms of. the philosophers, the warriors, the 'was the home associations of the farm itself, for the strong men, heroes, and gods of mythological antiquity pass by. He sought to the patriotic men, the men of energy, the men who have become seize their elusive forms. At last as Marcellus came near and leaders in public and industrial life are, as a rule, those brought smiled upon him he exclaimed: " Oh, give to me the lilies and the up under the inspiration of the mountains around them or the purple flowers, that I may strew them on Marcellus's grave." So plains that stretch for miles beyond the homestead. Here ambi­ the churches, the societies, the bar, the people almost literally tion is inspired and indomitable resolution to succeed implanted. strewed with flowers his pathway to the grave. Seven thousand Such wa-s the effect upon him, for largely by his own efforts he and seventy-five persons passed by to gaze for the last time upon secm·ed the means to complete a course in Baldwin University at his mortal body. Berea, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1876. Admitted to the He was at rest; that rest which he had longed for when the sum­ bar that year. ·he cast a bon t for a place in which to locate. Nat­ mons came; for if the disembodied spirit can look down from the urally he would have selected a city or a large town in which to battlements of heaven, his spirit looks down upon us to-day, say­ practice. A country village in modern times offers no induce­ ing, in the words -so often repeated by him when living, and which ment even to the young practitioner. illustrated both his life and death: it is not merely that litigation in such places is discountenanced, So live, that when thy summons comes to join The innumerable caravan which moves which perhaps is not an evil, but because where invested capital To that mysterious realm where each shall take is lacking and manufa{}turing or mercantile business is on a small His chamber in the silent halls of death, . scale there is no occasion for a -lawyer's services. His cases will Thou go not, like the quarry slave at night~ Scourged to his dungeon, but sustained ana soothed be trivial and his fees gauged by the amount involved. There are By.: an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave few occasions for consultation, and his office is apt to become the Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch rendezvous of the idle classes or t4e village politician. About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. Yet such a place was selected by our friend in Shelby, at that time an unpretentious town. He builded better -than he knew. Mr. HILDEBRANT. Mr~ Speaker, for the second time on this Did he foresee its future, when large manufacturing firms and Sabbath day, a day which has been appropriately dedic::tted to corporations should extend its borders? Was it among his ambi­ the paying of tributes to those who once labored here with us tions even then that he could so identify himself with its develop­ and who have gone before into the spirit realm, I arise to briefly ment as to be an integral part of it himself? call to remembrance the life and character of our late friend and Whether or no, such was the case, for scarcely an industry of colleague, WILLIAM WOODBURN SKILES, and in thus doing de­ importance was established in which his was not one of the guid­ served honor to him, may we who survive him try to learn lessons ing hands. He joined the societies and associations of the town, from his life that may help us as we march along life's highway, took an active part in their deliberations, did yeoman's work in whither he has gone. them all, and served the people for years as one of their school com­ Mr. Speaker, the necrology of Congress in recent years is alarm­ mittee. All this was done not for self-interest, but as a duty. ing, and it brings forcibly to our minds the statement that verily The sweerest lives a.re those to duty wed, · "in the midst of life we are in death." Among her representa­ Whose deeds both great and small tives Ohio ha~ furnished a fruitful field for the grim harvester, Are close-knit strands of an unbroken thread Where love ennobles all. for to-day not one. but two, of her sons-one a Senator Rnd the The world may sound no .trumpets, ring no bells; other a Representative-whose lives were full of deeds that add The book of life the shining record tells. to the fame of their State, to the glory of the nation, and honor to Nor did he ever forget that he was but one of the common peo­ themselves, are being paid the respect that is their due. :ple. He climbed rung by rung the ladder of fame with uncon­ WILLIAM WooDBURN SKILES was born and raised in the fertile quered energy, but he never made his own aggrandizement hfs valley of the Cumberland, in the State of Pennsylvania, and at a master. He was the genial companion and friend. As he strolled tender age went with his parents to the home in Ohio where was down the streets of Shelby he met all sorts and conditions of men. to be the theater of his life's work and where, also, he was to end He met them on common ground. For all he had a dignified but his earthly 1abors. winning presence and the outstretched hand. There was no as­ Like a great many of our American boys, he went to district sumption of superiority. schools, and later enjoyed the benefits of a liberal higher educa­ For the poor and suffering he was kind, sympathetic, and char­ tion at Baldwin"University. He became a lawyer, and practiced itable. The needy have often been the recipients of his unosten­ his profession with his brother, at Shelby, Ohio. Mr. SKILEs's tatious benevolence. For him neither wealth nor poverty made reputation as a deep-thinking, able, and conscientious lawyer was the man. The honesty, the intention, the character-these deter­ not confined to his home or his county. It extended to the larger mined his judgment, so that as the years sped on the simplicity field of jurisprudence in the State of Ohio at large, and here in and uprightness of his own character made a profound impres­ Congress he was considered a man of exceptional legal training sion in his adopted town. and ability. In this his second term the honor came to him of Early in his legal practice he was associated in partnership with presiding over one of the most important committees of the his brother, and the association continued to the end. As pre­ House-the Committee on Patents; but before he had fairly en­ viously stated, the field was too narrow and limited for his capacity. tered upon the discharge of his duties as such death claimed him. There wa-s little promise for the future. His restless mind first Had he lived, I confidently expected him to bring to bear in the turned to the enlargement of business opportunities in Shelby field of patent law such a fund of knowledge and such sound and, when its commercial and financial interests were assured, to judgment as would stamp him as one of the leading lawyers in the enlargement of his own. He took up the adjustment and the House, if, indeed, he had not already, in his comparatively trial of railroad accidents as a specialty, and so successful was his short service, won that distinction. firm that they soon acquired a monopoly of this line of business Mr. SKILES went about the affairs of life in a thoroughly self­ in the surrounding country. - contained way, as seemingly always sure of his ground, for. being Clients came to the country town, passing the great cities, to seek a deep thinker and close reasoner, he never acted except upon well­ his counsel. The firm became the foremost in this specialty in prepared plans. This characteristic rendered him valuable in the the county, with a most remarkable business, considering the councils of his party in Ohio, as well as in diversified fields of circumstances, surpassed, indeed, by but few even in the largest business activity, for Mr. SKILES, besides being a lawyer and a cities in the State. So keen were his perceptions, so accurate his politician! was also a manufacturer and a financier. His personal legal application of principles, so just his conclusions that in his appearance denot-ed the man of affairs, and his almost massive latter years few cases actually came to trial, but were settled by head-told of great intellectuality. His election to Congress was argument with the opposing party. the natural trend of a man of his parts. He was built to be a It is as a legislator we have known him. He did not partici­ lawmaker, and that he was cut off right in the midst of his labors, pate in the debates of this House. He cared apparently nothing when he was jnst beginning to demonstrate his nsefnlness and for the acclaim the orator receives. Those who have listened to value, is a great loss to the co~try as it is to his constituency. his public addresses assert that his views were presented always Although he did not live out the allotted three score years and 5498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE.· APRIL 24,

ten, his life was as full of deeds as though he had gone to the battles. The illusion seemed complete until we heard the 'Voices limit, and few men manage to crowd into their lives more things of the singers raising an appeal for the dep:uted soul. of a substantial character that last beyond the fitful and evanes­ Leadt)dndly light, amid th' encircling gloom, cent life of man than did Mr. SKILES. Such a life as his was Lead thou me on! worth living because he lived for something. He took hold of The night is dark, and I a.m far from home: Lead thou me on: life, and with all his physical might and all his mental str~ngth Keel!_ thou my feet; I do not ask to see turned to good account the taltlnts with which he was endowed; The distant scene: one step's enough for me. and in doing this he made for himself a good name, to which we here to-day, who would do him honor, can add nothing. His . yve lis~nedand.were touched by the appeal of the singers, and life work, well done, is his monument. JOrned With them m a fervent prayer that the souJ of our n·iend WILLIAM WooDBURN might even then be resting on the bosom of its :Maker. His fellow-men profited by what SKILES I know of no fitter tribute with which to close my remarks than was, because what he was and what he did, in each and all the his pursuits in w bich he was engaged, whether as lawyer or as banker, ; these words, published at the time of death, in the Shelby Globe. Drop a tear. This day has marked a paTting of the ways for us and one we whether as manufaotm·er or as Congressman, whether as poli-' held most dear. His life having been spent within he1· precincts, all Richland tician or as home builder, or whether as private citizen or public County to-day mourns the passing of W. W. SKILES. man in any capacity, stood for what is best in a Christian nation Even as these lines are read the cortege .is moving on the street, and the ma.ss:ive casket covered over with beautiful flowers is emblematic of the uni­ and for what is best in a country like ours, which must of neces­ versal respect which enshrouds his memory with the living. He is dead. But sity be built upon such men as my late colleague was in order to his name will live in a. loving people's heart till they, too, have joined the insure its perpetuity. cara\an. · We hear the muffied tread of horse and wheel as he is borne away, and our The love and esteem in which the n·iends and neighbors of Mr. hearts swell with emotion for the loneliness of the home that aeath has SKILES held him was amply testified by their general ·and unmis­ touched; and yet it can not be undone. The wheels of time can not be re­ takably sincere sorrow, when, at Shelby, Ohio, his home, the versed. And as tender hands place him in his last repose we breathe a sigh of ''Peace to.his ashes," and~,!eturning from our mission, sae the settirig ~ people turned out and came from far and near to pay their last sun as it guides his soul to its aistant home. tribute to their friend, their benefactor, and their honored and highly respected Representative. I was ~rivileged to attend the Mr. KYLE. Mr. Speaker, I had intended to ask that my re­ funeral of Mr. SKILES as ~ne of the comm1ttee_on th~ part of the marks might be printed rather than that I should make any but House, and I was deeply unpressed by the umversal sorrow ex- by so doing I would feel that I was unfaithful to a duty that I pressed bythe people and bythe greatoutpom'ing of hisconstitu-- owed to one of the most pleasant friendships that I have ever ents who desired to generously give evidence of the loss they so formed in my life -and one that I shall chelish so long as I shall keenly felt. These incidents profoundly impressed me, and I live; and so, Mr. Speaker, after I have spoken of that friendship mention them hm·e that they may go into the RECORD as showing for a moment or two, I shall ask to continue my remarks in the that the people with whom Mr. SKILES lived and moved, those RECORD. who knew him long and knew him best, loved him most. My personal acquaintance with lir. SKILES began when we came to Congress. At the meeting of the Fifty-seventh Congress Mr. SNOOK. Mr. Speaker, it is not my purpose at this time both of us came as new Members of the Ohio delegation. I had to speak of the life and character of the late Senator from Ohio, known him by reputation, but from the very first time we met who lived to thrust aside the shafts of malice and ridicule that were until he left for his home durinz his last sickness that friendship aimed at him as they have been at no other man in public life for so -pleasantly begun rapidly grew into close personal relations. many years. I shall leave that work to those who were more The days had not come to our niend SKILES when he could my closely associated with him and who knew him better than I. in his heart that there was no pleasure in them. Scarcely had he Mr. Speaker, I arise to say a few words in memory of one with begun that which was most promising for him and hardly had he whom I had no personal acquaintance when I became a Mem­ entered upon that work which certainly not only bid fair, but as­ ber of this body, but one whom I soon learned to love. Long sm:edly promised, that there would come to him the ju~t rewards before I met him an old schoolmate of his had said to me: ''I want for the kind and character of services that he bestowed upon that you to ;meet Mr. SKILES. I know you will become friends.'' And which he undertook. The mandate went out from on high, direct­ the moment we met I felt that the prophecy was true. He had a ing the messenger to summons WILLIAM W. SKILES from his genial nature, that seemed to lift the common things of everyday busy, useful, active life to one of eternal rest. He has been gath­ life into the light. _ , ered to his fathers, but is with us still, for the example of a good The windows of his soul were ever open to let in the joys and life can never be forgotten. Genuine praise that comes to one hopes that crowd along life's pathway. And yet he was not dead .either living or dead is that which comes from his own home peo­ to life's sufferings and sorrows; they always touched his heart and ple. The regard in which one is held at home is the true measure were sure to elicit his sympathy, his comfort, and his aid. of his real worth. In short, I found him to be just what his friend said he was-a I ne\e.r witnessed more genuine grief nor more universal re­ true honest, manly man. The work of his hand and his brain as gret over the death of any man than that manifested in his home shown forth in his character give true answer to the question city. Business was suspended, schools were closed, and the people often asked, "Is life worth living?" He knew that life ia a pre­ went mourning about the streets. This to my mind is fully ac­ cious jewel intrusted to our keeping to be polished and perfected counted for and was his just merit. He had been a loving hus­ and then worthily worn in the sight of all men. band, a kind, indulgent father, a successful lawyer, and had al­ No one could have stood with your committee in the city of ways been active in every pro-position that involved the welfare Shelby on the 13th day of last January and looked into the grief­ of his home city. In this behalf his hand was not only seen, but stricken faces of her people and longer doubted that it was worth the effect of his splendid business judgment was manifest. while that such a life should have been lived. Under his watchful eye Shelby grew from a village to an active, Every word, every look, and every act of her citizens showed splendid manufacturing oity, and it was to his pride that he had that one and all had sustained a -personal loss in the death of contributed to its material success, and there came to him for WILLIAM SKILES. this solicitude and thoughtfulness the preference of its citizens for Shelby had known him as man and boy fo~ fifty years-farmer, him. No man probably ever enjoyed in a larger degree and to a teacher, lawyer, Representative in Congress; progressive, public­ fuller extent the confidence of his · people than did om· departed spirited citizen, and man of worth. friend; and when the opportunity offered itself to them to select This was the story we heard whispered from every lip, while a Member of Congress, they turned in but one direction and with the grief pictured in every face told of the immeasurable loss that but a single thought to their favored son, WILLIAM W. SKILES. his death had brought to his friends and neighbors. He served them faithfully and well, and through him came not In the half a century that marked the span of his life Shelby only to his family and to his personal friends, but to the citizens had grown to be a city. His life had been interwoven with every of his community, the realization that hiswork was well done and step of her pl'ogress. the just -pride that they and their welfare were ever uppermost in He had been one of the foremost contributors to her advance­ his mind, and that if the summons sent out for him must be an­ ment, and as a universal token of respect the factory, the shop, swered no greater -pleasure could come to him than that his life the store, and the schools were closed, and her people with one should be laid down while working for those who were nearest accord turned aside to give expression to their grief and lovingly and dea1·est to him. testify to the memory of his worth as a citizen and a man. With bowed heads we gathered within the portals of his late Mr. CASSINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, my first acquaintanca with home. Loving hands had covered the bier With sweet-s-cented WILLIAM WooDBUR.."'' SKILEs dated back to the period of bis elec­ flowers. It seemed that his work and his worth had been such tion to the Fifty-aeventh Congress, and the impressions I gained that all nature had been robbed of her storehouse of flowers for at that time concerning his charaC:.er continued until the day of his bed a-s if to conceal the fact that he was gone, -that we might his death. believe he was still one of u.s fallen asleep amid some bank of 1low­ He was a man of warm and genial nature, a true friend of those ers, ready to wake again at a moment's notice to take up life's who once won his esteem, and of unbounded charity to all. 1904.·. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 5499

As a young man he worked his way through college by teach­ entire population of the city had assembled to bow their heads in ing every other term. and at the same time studying so that he an expression of the keen sense of their loss, and many tear-stained might keep up with his class. After finishing his college course eyes unmistakably betrayed the grief which had seized each heart. he entered upon the study of law, and to that profession he de­ Yes, sir; he was well beloved by his own people-those who knew voted himself until he was taken away, the only public office he him best and longest-and this, at last, is the highest tribute that ever held, with the exception of his service of eight2en years as a men caa render unto man; that is, to love him. memberof the school board, being in thisbody,commencingwith In the loss of our colleague I am reminded of James Mont­ the Fifty-seventh Congress. gomery's words: Work and thoroughness in work was the guiding principle of Friend after friend departs; Who hath not lo>t a friend? his life, and the youth of this country can well look to his career There is no union here of hearts as one to be emulated in the untiring devotion to one's chosen That finds not here an end. profession. Were this frail world our only rest, Yet this devotion to his extensive practice did not make him Living or dying, none were blest. narrow-minded, for he became identified with many large enter­ To those faithful, loving ones who, of all others, loved him prises and was charitable to the extreme, always ready to sup­ most, and to his great State, which honored him and which he port any worthy cause. He gave liberally to all the churches in honored, and in whose bosom he now sleeps. I commend the com­ his home, although adhering to no particular creed. His faith forting lines written by the sweet singer Whittier: in mankind and the ultimate good in all things was ever mani­ I long for household voices gone; For vanished smiles I long; fest. He was a man of fum and strong convictions and feelings, But God bath led my dear ones on, and yet there was no spirit of petty revenge or retaliation in his And He can do no wrong. nature. ;, Leave it to time, for time levels all things," he was accustomed to say when anyone would talk to him of retaliation. Mr. CURRIER. Mr. Speaker, one of the first men with whom The beautiful side of his character is disclosed by what he con­ I became acquainted when I took my seat as a new Member of sidered as one of the proudest moments in his life-the visit of his the Fifty-seventh Congress was Mr. SKILES, himself a new Mem­ aged mother to him after he took his seat in this body. The pride ber. of the mother in seeing her son as one of the representatives of We were both appointed as members of the Committee on Pat­ the people in Congress was to tbat son praise higher and sweeter ents, and I came to know him well. Modest and unassuming, his than the commendation of the world. And he was a representa­ manner to all was that of a kind and courteous gentleman. tive type of American citizenship in his affection for his family, His was a most attractive and winning personality. His ac­ probity in public a~d private life. and untiring zeal and capacity quaintances speedily became his loving friends, and perhaps the for work in his undertakings, and we on this side of the Cham­ first and best test of success in this world is the ability to win ber, who differed from him politically, admired him for his manly and hold personal friends. . qualities and esteemed him for his kindly nature. In politics he We who served with him on the Committee on P.atents soon always tried to avoid a conflict; but if the conflict came, he always discovered that he brought to the discharge of his duties a sound had the courage to follow his convictions to the end. judgment, a high sense of honor, great industry in investigating Success in his own life made him the more partial to contribute, all matters brought-to the attention of the committee, and a con­ by words and deeds, in helping those just entering upon the strug­ Ecientious desire to give the very best that was in him to the serv­ gles of life. In fact, he would not hesitate to assist in every way ice of the country. He quickly .grasped the main points of a a young man whom perhaps he had never seen before. I could proposition, and his suggestions regarding legislation were wise relate' many instances of his unfailing kindness, but many of my and helpful to his associates. colleagues also wisl~ to pay tribute to his memory, and I know of He was greatly attached to his home and to the town of Shelby, no better way of closing my remarks upon the life and character where he had long lived. There is something wrong about a man of WILLIAM WOODBURN SKILES than by quoting the words of his who does not love his home, who does not think that his home favorite poem- town is the fairest and best town in all the world and that his Oh, why should the spirit of mortal be proud? neighbors are the very best neighbors that a man ever had. In Like a swift-fleeting meteor, a fast-flying cloud, everything that made for the welfare and improvement and build­ A flash of the lightning, a break of the wave, Man passeth from life to his rest in the grave. ing up of Shelby Mr. SKILEs was a leader, and no town ever had * * * * • a more devoted and loyal citizen. For we are the same our f.athers have been; We who attended the last sad services at Shelby, and saw the We see the same sights our fathers have seen, great mills and all the business houses closed and sifent while the We drink the same stream and have the same sun, And run the same course our fathers have run. people thronged the streets and stood with bared heads that cold and stormy day as the funeral procession passed, realized how Mi. WEBB. Mr. Speaker, to the luxuriance of beautiful trib­ much he was loved and how deeply he was mourned by those who utes paid our dead colleague to-day I desire to add only a few words. knew him best. It was a pleasure to serve with him on the Patents Committee, of Mr. SKILES was very proud of the privilege of representing the which he was chairman, although my acquaintance with him was people of his district in the House and had a high sense of the not a long one. He impressed me when I first met him as being honor and dignity of the position. a dignified, kind-hearted, able, elegant gentleman. My subse­ Of the nine Republicans who -were members of the Committee quent a ·sodation with him confirmed this impression, and our on Patents in the Fifty-seventh Congress, Mr. SKILES and myself intercourse was of the pleasantest nature. When the news of his were the only ones reelected to the Fifty-eighth Congress, and at death came I was grieved and shocked, and felt genuinely as did the beginning of this session we were again placed on that com­ Byron when he wrote: mittee, Mr. SKILES being chairman. He took up the work of the Thy day without a cloud hath pass'd, committee with all the interest and earnestness and capacity for And thou wert lovely to the last; intelligent and well-directed labor which characterized his work Extinguish'd , not decayed. everywhere. I looked forward with great pleasure to being asso­ The best index of a man's character is the estimation in which ciated with him in the bnsiness of the committee during the he is held by those who knew him longest and best. Judged by Fifty-eighth Congress. this standard, W. W. SKILES must have approached unto the per­ We parted at the beginning of the holiday recess, expecting to fect man. He lived in Richland County and its capital city, meet again in a few days. When I retmned I received a message Shelby. from his fifth year to his death-a period of a half century. from him announcing his illness and requesting me to take charge When the Congressional funeral party reached Shelby grief could of the committee during a hearing which had been an-anged be­ be discerned on every countenance, and sadness pervaded the en­ fore the recess. I wrote him that I would attend to it, but no tire at::nosphere. The stores and shops were closed, business sus­ final action would be taken by the committee until he returned, pended, men and women spoke in whisJ>ers, and everything in the which we all hoped and balieved would be in a few days. He dic­ little city presented an air of bereavement. I do not think that tated a reply, but before I received it he had passed away. His l ever witnessed such a strik--ing expression of universal grief. brief illness closed a life which in every way was a success, made The weather was bitter cold, the mercury ranged below zero, the so by ceaseless effort and strict integrity. snow 12 inches deep and scattering flakes still falling; and yet His life here, while it added to the work of a tired man, was, women, men, and children stood for two hours in this freezing on the whole, I feel sure, a pleasant expelience for him. The climate in order to get a last look at their departed friend and work of a Member of Congress in the House, in committees, and fellow-citizen. I shall never forget the sadly beautiful scene, as at the Departments, the thousand and one things to which he , he lay in the parlor of his own cultured home, buried in a bank must give attention keep him occupied early and late; and were of fragrant flowers. He seemed as natural as in life, peaceful it not for the charming social intercourse which prevails among and serene in death as he had been imperturbable and equable the Members and for the friendships we form here this life would while living. not be worth living. All along the funeral march to the cemetery it appeared as if the When a new Member takes his seat here he soon perceives thnt 5500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. APRIL 25,

Congress is full of able men, and men not merely able, but brave ommend legislation for the development. of the American mer­ and honest and conscientious. Men who with all the light they chant marine, and for other purposes; and . can get from a ca1·eful and patient investigation of pending meas­ A bill (H. R. 7296) for the protection of the public forest re­ ures are trying unselfishly to do their full duty. serves and national parks of the United States. No man for any great length of time can deceive a constituency The message also transmitted to the Senate the resolutions of of 200,000 intelligent people, and few men serve long in American the House of Representatives on the life and public services of politics unless their reputation for integrity and veracity is be­ Hon. :MARCUS A. HANNA, late a Senator from the State of Ohio. yond question. The action of Congress is often bitterly criticised, The message further transmitted to the Senate the resolutions sometimes wh~n the criticism is deserved, but far more often of the House of Representatives on the life and public service of when it is not deserved. Han. WILLIAM W. SKILES, late a Representative from the State of Mistakes are made here of course. The late William Walter Ohio. Phelps once said: "Men who do not make mistakes never make The message also transmitted to the Senate the resolutions of anything else." The House is doing things, and often on a scale the House of Representatives on the life and public services of so vast as to be almost appalling to a man who comes here after Ron. CHARLES W. THOMPSO~, late a Representative from the State an experience in the legislature of a small State, and on the whole of Alabama. all must admit that it does its work well. ID\"'ROLLED BILLS SIGl\"'"ED. In the death of Mr. SKILES the House lost a Member who in his brief career here demonstrated that he possessed those qualities The message further announced that the Speaker of the Housf? which fit a man for able and successful public service, and the had signed the following enrolled bills; and they were thereupon many Members of the House who were privileged to know him signed by the President pro tempore: lost a dear and valued friend. A bill (H. R. 1851) granting an increase of pension to David T. May we all hold as he did the 1·espect, confidence, and love of Towles; our associates here and elsewhere "until the shadows lengthen, A bill (H. R. '2591) for the relief of W. S. Feland, late deput)' and the evening comes, and the busy world is hushed, and the collector second Kentucky district; fever of life is over, and our work is done." A bill (H. R. 7190) for the relief of the Bank of North Wilkes:· boro; Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that gentlemen who have A bill (H. R. 8692) to authorize the apprehension and deten not spoken may have leave to print remarks in the RECORD, and tion of insane persons in the District of Columbia, and providina that all who have spoken may have leave to extend their remarks. for their temporary commitment in the Government Hospital for The SPEAKER-pro tempore. Without objection, it will be so the Insane, and for other purposes; ordered. ' A bill (H. R. 8925) granting an increase of pension to John There was no objection. Weaver; The SPEAKER pro tempore. Now, in pursuance of the reso­ A bill (H. R. 9256) granting an increase of pension to Enoch lutions already adopted, and as a further mark of respect to the Stahler; deceased Senator and Representatives, the House stands adjourned A bill (H. R. 9331) to extend the time for completion of th~ until to-morrow, at 12 o'clock noon. · East Washington Heights Traction Railroad Company; Accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 26 minutes p.m.) the House ad­ A bill (H. R. 11676) to ratify and amend an agreement with tht' Indians of the Crow Reservation in Montana, and making appro­ jom·ned. priations to carry the same into effect; A bill (H. R. 13850) granting an increase of pension to Marr SENATE. Heaney; A bill (H. R. 15010) to amend section 6 of ."An acttoauthorizf MONDAY, .Apr{l25, 190#. the construction of a bridge by the New York, Chicago and St. Prayer by Rev. F. J. PRETTYMAN, of the city of Washington. Louis Railroad Company and the Chicago and Erie Raill'Oad Com, · The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of the proceedings pany across the Calumet River at or near the city of Hammond, of Saturday last, when, on the request of Mr. SPOO~ER, and by Ind., at a point about 1,200 feet east of the Indiana and Illinois unanimous consent, the further reading was dispensed with. State line and about 100 feet east of the location of the present Tho PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal will stand ap­ bridge of the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Com­ pany across said river; also to authorize the construction of a proved, if t~ere be no objection. The Chair hears none. bridge by the Chicago and State Line Railroad Company across AUGUSTA ARSENAL, GA, said river at the point where said company's railroad crosses said The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair lays before the river in Hyde Park Township, Chicago, ill., being at the location Senate a communication from the Secretary of War, transmitting, of the present bridge of said company across said river in said in response to a resolution of the 13th instant, a memorandum township," approved July 1, 1902; and from the Chief of Ordnance, United States Army, relative to the A bill (H. R.l5195) authorizing the construction of a wagon, condition, location, character, and capacity of the Augusta Ar­ toll, and electric-railway bridge over the Missouri River at Lexing­ senal, at Augusta, Ga. What does the Senator from Georgia desire ton, Mo. to ha'""e done with the communication? MEMORIAL ADDRESSES ON THE LATE REPRESEErATIVE THOMPSON, Mr. BACON. I am unable to state without having an' oppor­ Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, I desire to state that at half tunity to look at it. I wish to have it printed as a document. I past 4 o'clock to-day I shall ask the Senate to act on resolutions, ask the Chair to let it lie on the table for the present, unless the responsive to the resolutions of the House, in respect to the life Chah- desires to refer it to some committee, to which I have no and public services of Han. CHARLES W. THOl!PSON, late a Rep­ objection. resentative from the State of Alabama. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It might be referred to the Committee on Military Affairs and printed. EXIDIPTION OF PRIVATE PROPERTY AT SEA. Mr. BACON. That course will be entirely agreeable to me. Mr. CULLOM. Mr. President, I give notice that to-morrow, The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The communication and ac­ immediately after the early morning business, I shall ask leave to coml(anying papers will be referred to the Committee on Military address the Senate on the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 102) relat­ Affarn and printed. ing to the exemption of all private property at sea, not contra· MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE, band of war, from capture or destruction by belligerent powers. I desire to talk briefly upon the joint resolution, but more at A message from the Honse of Representatives, by Mr. W. J. length upon the general question of foreign relations. BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had agreed to the amendments of the Senate to the following bills: PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS, A bill (H. R. 13262) to confirm the title to lots 2, 3, 4, and 5 in The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented a petition of the Phila­ square No. 979, in Washington, in the District of Columbia; and delphia County Medical Society, of Philadelphia, Pa., praying for A bill (H. R. 15014) to permit the erection of a lock and dam the passage of the so-called" pure-food bill;" which was ordered in aid of navigation in the Tennessee River near Chattanooga, to lie on the table. Tenn., and for other purposes. Mr. STEWART presented memorials of sundry citizens of Belle­ The message also announced that the House had passed with an ville, Topeka, Rossville, Franklin County, Wkhita, Junction City, amendment the bill (8. 2814) to amend an act entitled "An act Leavenworth, Kansas City, Yates Center, Montgomery County, , to extend the coal-land laws to the district of Alaska," approved Burlington, Newton, Allen County, Pomona, and Holton, all in June G, 1900; in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. the State of Kansas, remonstrating against the enactment of leg­ The message further announced that the House had passed the islation to require certain places of business in the District of following bills; in which it requested the concm·rence of the Columbia to be closed on Sunday; which were referred to the Senate: Committee on the District of Columbia. .A bill (H. R. 7056) to create a commission to consider and rec- Mr. GALLINGER presented the petition of A. F. Rosenbein,