Art Appreciation Notes of 1 May 2015 Meeting
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Art Appreciation Notes of 1 May 2015 meeting Subject: John Singer Sargent Present: Bill Mercer, Heather Paul, Jacqueline Woodford, Joan Connell, Julia Jacklin, Kathleen Platts, Marylyn Day, Maureen Sleigh, Pat Phillips, Patricia Berrey, Tina Brown, Carol Iles, Peter Bowtell Apologies: Maureen Cotton, Maureen Craft, Pam Gower Slide Notes 1 John Singer Sargent 12 January 1856 – 14 April 1925 A brief review of the National Portrait Gallery Exhibition, Sargent: Portraits of Artists and Friends, Feb – May 2015 Brief History of the Artist: Sargent’s father Fitzwilliam, an eye surgeon in Philadelphia, USA from 1844-54 John’s sister died when two. John’s mother Mary suffered a breakdown as a result. The couple decided to go to Europe to recuperate. They travelled all over France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy John was born in Florence, Italy The family lived modestly on savings and inheritance. They tended to avoid society specially American ones 2 Childhood: John was a boisterous child with more interest in outdoor activities than his studies. His father wrote home "He is quite a close observer of animated nature. “ He received no formal schooling. His interests in painting may have been derived from his mother who was an amateur artist and father who was an accomplished medical illustrator. In his youth he copied images from “The Illustrated London News” of ships and made detailed sketches of landscapes. When 13, his mother was quoted to say he "sketches quite nicely, & has a remarkably quick and correct eye. If we could afford to give him really good lessons, he would soon be quite a little artist.“ At the age of 13, he learnt to use watercolours from Carl Welsch, a German landscape painter. He became highly literate and cosmopolitan young man, accomplished in art, music, and literature. He was fluent in French, Italian, and German. 3 http://goo.gl/KR687J An Out-of-Doors Study depicting Paul César Helleu sketching with his wife Alice Guérin, 1889, Brooklyn Museum Artistic Development: In 1874 he passed the rigorous exam and gained an admission to the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris Studied with Carolus-Duran, a young French Portrait artist. His method was to paint alla prima (meaning first attempt) i.e. directly on the canvas with a loaded brush, a method attributed to Diego Velázquez. Whilst in Paris, he came across American artists working abroad and made friend with landscape artist Paul César Helleu. He had an opportunity to meet other artists like Degas, Rodin, Monet, and Whistler. His early interest was in landscape paintings but Carolus-Duran’s influence prevailed. At that time portrait painting was considered easier to promote your career, exhibit at salons and earn good money from rich patrons. 4 http://goo.gl/K4eMWh Portrait Painting: His first Portrait - Frances Sherborne Ridley Watts (Fanny Watts), 1877, Philadelphia Museum of Art – not in the exhibition 5 http://goo.gl/3XCNko Exhibition Paintings: The following slides show some of the portraits on display at the Gallery. The first one to greet you is this one of the artist’s teacher, Carolus-Duran. He sat for this portrait in 1879 and it was exhibited at the Paris Salon and was well received. 6 http://goo.gl/q40S1d Louis de Fourcard, 1884, Musée d'Orsay, Paris Professor of arts at École des Beaux-Arts, an art critic, historian, poet, musician, and musicologist. An influential figure in Paris. Fourcard and Sargent shared musical interests. 7 http://goo.gl/uv3IF8 Portrait of French writer Édouard Pailleron (1834-1899) Painted in 1879 and located in Palace de Versailles, France. Pailleron was a bohemian writer, shown here holding a dog-eared book in his right hand to indicate his profession. 8 http://goo.gl/PTkIFd Madame Marie Édouard Pailleron 1879, The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington DC Commissioned after her husband’s portrait. Sargent has given the subject en plein air. Exhibited at Salon in 1880 rather than of her husband. 9 http://goo.gl/lVjjBM Edouard and Marie Louise Pailleron 1881, Des Moines Art Center (United States) Children of Edouard & Marie Pailleron. Sargent’s first double portrait. Note exotic Persian carpet, Marie-Louise’s torque bracelet and brooch, her white dress, looking pale while her brother guarded and serious. It took 83 sittings to complete this portrait according to the diary of one of the children. 10 http://goo.gl/cf7IJk Dr Pozzi at Home 1881, Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Centre, Los Angeles, USA Samuel-Jean Pozzi – French gynaecolgist. Sargent portrayed him in an ecclesiastical mode dressed in a costume of old popes and cardinals. Sargent’s first work exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1882. 11 http://goo.gl/MbRVMq Ramón Subercaseaux in a Gondola c. 1880, Dixon Gallery and Garden, Memphis, Tennessee Chilean Consul – a friend of Sargent – also an artist with keen interest in art world. Subject is holding a sketch-book and a box of watercolours indicating his artistic interests. Appears to be incomplete. 12 http://goo.gl/Fj36sy Ralph Curtis on the Beach at Scheveningen, 1880, High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia Sargent & Curtis were second cousins. Curtis was also a portrait painter and he travelled with Sargent to see Dutch works by Frans Hals in Haarlem, Holland when Sargent painted this. 13 http://goo.gl/Jb4Mek Charles Stuart Forbes c. 1882 or c. 1889, Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery San Marino, California Fellow American student at Carolus-Duran studio Like Sargent born in Europe 14 http://goo.gl/ENBzjq Albert de Belleroche c. 1883, Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center Fellow student at Carolus-Duran studio. Subject is wearing a tunic with a square-cut neckline. Sargent kept this painting in his possession all his life and was hung in the dining room of his house in Tite Street in Chelsea. 15 http://goo.gl/UkY0Xi François Flameng and Paul Helleu c. 1880, Private collection Both of them are French artists. Sargent association with Flameng is little known but he was a close friend of Paul. Composition is odd, Flameng is looking at us whilst Paul is in profile, and probably an idea from Hal’s painting of Banquet of Officers… we studied earlier. 16 http://goo.gl/uUnr3m Auguste Rodin 1884, Musée Rodin, Paris In 1884, Sargent and Rodin were invited to the Salon des Vingt in Brussels to exhibit their works and they became friends. That same year, the painter executed this portrait of Rodin. Rodin was supposed to have sculpted Sargent’s head but it was probably not completed. 17 http://goo.gl/AdV884 Madame Allouard-Jouan c. 1882, Musée du Petit Palais, Paris Emma-Marie Allouard-Jouan was an author, journalist and well connected with the art and political worlds. Exhibited at Georges Petit’s Gallery in 1882. 18 http://goo.gl/Adp0Ts Vernon Lee, 1881, Tate Childhood friend, neighbours when their families lived in Nice Well known for her books on Italian Renaissance art Signed as “Violet” Paget, Vernon Lee is a pseudonym adopted for her literary works. Her pseudonym and her dress for the portrait may express her sexuality 19 http://goo.gl/do5ad7 Judith Gautier c. 1883, Detroit Institute of Arts Gautier translated Chinese and Japanese texts Wrote important reviews of Sargent’s work She was last love of Richard Wagner Chinese or Japanese style dress? 20 http://goo.gl/mxkb49 Rehearsal of the Pasdeloup Orchestra at the Cirque d'Hiver about 1879–80, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Quite a small canvas, 57 x 46 cm Cirque d’Hiver is a small amphitheatre in 11th Arrondissement of Paris Jules Etienne Pasdeloup was the conductor, a champion of modern works like Wagner’s Sargent, who was also a keen musician, often attended his concerts. 21 http://goo.gl/7IC8WT Portrait of Jacques-Emile Blanche c. 1886, Musée des Beaux-Arts – Rouen, Normandy Blanche – a landscape and portrait artist – his style is a cross between Degas & Manet A cosmopolitan figure in France and England 22 http://goo.gl/rTrL00 Claude Monet c. 1887, National Academy Museum, NY Strict & simple profile probably painted in Giverny, France whilst visiting Monet with Rodin. Sargent collected several works by Monet 23 http://goo.gl/eTV5W8 Ernest-Ange Duez c. 1884, The Montclair Art Museum, New Jersey Mass of pale blue hydrangeas behind the head Given to Duez in exchange for Duez’s own study of Blue Hydrangeas by Sea - not able to find it on web – may be in private collection “I also recommend especially a lovely Monet seascape and a pastel study of hydrangeas by Ernest- Ange Duez. The latter provides an object lesson for young artists in subtle use of pale blues to create light and space.” (from The Spectator Archive on the review of Exhibition on Impressionist Drawings at Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, till 20 April 1986) 24 http://goo.gl/kshMgS Fête Familiale (The Birthday Party) c. 1885, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts French artist Albert Besnard, his wife Charlotte Dubray (Sculptress) and their son Robert. Child and Mother are illuminated by the light whilst father is almost faceless in the background. 25 http://goo.gl/scyhT5 Le verre de porto (The glass of port), 1884, The Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco Edith Vickers at a dining table in her home, Lavington Rectory, Beechwood, Sussex. Her husband Albert is partially seen on the right. 26 http://goo.gl/X39I71 Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose 1885–6, Tate Sargent, on a boating trip on Thames, show this scene of two girls lighting paper lanterns among lilies and roses at dusk. So he decided paint that scene. Models are daughters of the illustrator Frederick Barnard.