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Women in Combat: the Soviet Example Boise State University ScholarWorks History Graduate Projects and Theses Department of History 5-1-2019 Women in Combat: The oS viet Example Hayley Noble Boise State University WOMEN IN COMBAT: THE SOVIET EXAMPLE by Hayley Noble A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Historical Research Boise State University May 2019 © 2019 Hayley Noble ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS of the thesis submitted by Hayley Noble Thesis Title: Women in Combat: The Soviet Example Date of Final Oral Examination: 8 May 2019 The following individuals read and discussed the thesis submitted by student Hayley Noble, and they evaluated her presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. David Walker, Ph.D. Chair, Supervisory Committee Bob Reinhardt, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee Amber Beierle, M.A.H.R. Member, Supervisory Committee The final reading approval of the thesis was granted by David Walker, Ph.D., Chair of the Supervisory Committee. The thesis was approved by the Graduate College. DEDICATION This project is dedicated to the Soviet women who fought in World War II, in all aspects of service; especially the forgotten women who suffered in silence in the years following the war. This is for you. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to all who have offered me support throughout this process: my family, friends, and committee. Thank you to Alberstons Library and the Boise State History Department in having faith in my “vague” vision for this exhibit. I could not have done this without the continued support and encouragement from my cohort. Lastly, countless thanks to all the badass Soviet and American servicewomen who inspired me to tell their stories. Keep up the good work. v ABSTRACT This project explores the experiences of Soviet women in combat on the eastern front during World War II. Through an exhibit, website, and thesis, Soviet women are shown in stereotypically male-dominated roles, performing as well as their male counterparts, while not acknowledged for their work after the war. Their invisible service reveals trends through military history scholarship, and larger ideology surrounding women in combat. This project informs on a relatively unknown topic, while using their historical example to advocate for American women in the military integrating into combat jobs. vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Exhibit Diagram. See Appendices A & B for display case content, text, images, and booklet text. .............................................................. 28 Figure 2. Louisiana's Civil War Museum and Confederate Memorial Hall. Personal Collection of the Author................................................. 29 Figure 3. National World War II Museum. Personal Collection of the Author. Arrows direct visitors to pull out kitchen drawers. ....................... 31 Figure 4. National World War II Museum. Personal Collection of the Author. Newspaper headlines and monitors relay exhibit information. .... 31 Figure 5. National World War II Museum. From the Personal Collection of the Author. Interviews by those interned play on displays made from suitcases. ....................................................................................... 32 Figure 6. National World War II Museum. Personal Collection of the Author. Training bunker display. ............................................................... 32 Figure 7. National World War II Museum. The Road to Berlin exhibit, North Africa. ........................................................................................... 33 Figure 8. National World War II Museum. The Road to Tokyo exhibit, "Guadalcanal: Green Hell," gallery. Illustrating the fight in the Pacific. .......................................................................................... 33 Figure 9. National World War II Museum. The Road to Berlin exhibit, Battle of the Bulge. ...................................................................................... 34 Figure 10. National World War II Museum. Oral History booth. Alcove titles "Personal Accounts: Nightdrop into Normandy." From the museum's Two-Minute Oral History Program. ............................. 34 Figure 11. Whitney Plantation. Life-size sculptures corresponding to cards of actual slave children. ..................................................................... 40 Figure 12. Whitney Plantation. Card with specific slave child. Each visitor receives one. .................................................................................. 40 Figure 13. Whitney Plantation. Allées Gwendolyn Midlo Hall. Dedicated to all the slaves who lived in Louisiana.. ............................................... 41 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS WOMEN IN COMBAT: THE SOVIET EXAMPLE .............................................. i DEDICATION ....................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................v ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................1 CHAPTER TWO: HISTORIOGRAPHY ................................................................6 CHAPTER THREE: PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................22 CHAPTER FOUR: EXHIBIT POTENTIAL & THOUGHTS ON PUBLIC HISTORY ..............................................................................................................29 CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS..............................................................................60 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION ..........................................................................74 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................78 Primary:......................................................................................................78 Secondary:..................................................................................................79 PHOTOGRAPHS ..................................................................................................95 APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................97 A Text Version of the Exhibit Panels and Visuals ....................................97 Text Version of Exhibit Panels ..................................................................97 Exhibit Visual Aids ..................................................................................108 APPENDIX B ......................................................................................................113 viii A Text Version of the Exhibit Companion Booklet ................................113 Booklet Visuals ........................................................................................120 APPENDIX C ......................................................................................................123 Website and Social Media Pages .............................................................123 Website ....................................................................................................123 Facebook URL .........................................................................................127 Instagram Handle .....................................................................................128 ix 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Women in combat is not a new concept, despite what some American military officials would have you believe.1 These conversations continue, but the constant questioning of “can women do this?” needs to be answered affirmatively once and for all. Within certain factions of the military, particularly the Marine Corps, women are thought to be weak, emotional, and not fit to serve in combat jobs. By looking at historical examples, one realizes that that is not the case. Specifically, the Soviet Union mobilized estimates of up to a million women into service during World War II, with approximately half of them serving on the frontlines.2 These women performed in every aspect on the battlefield, from clerks and nurses in the rear, to snipers, tankers, and pilots at the front, and every job in between. They received the same training as men and proved themselves as capable as their male comrades. This Soviet example invalidates every argument made opposing women in combat roles. These women illustrate that females serving alongside men is not a shocking, unique phenomenon, but during WWII 1 For this project “combat” is defined as any direct fighting, particularly, on the frontlines under direct fire from the enemy. “Combat jobs” are those specifically that draw fire and see action, such as snipers, machine gunners, tank crews, medics, and airwomen being fired upon. That is not to say that those in the rear areas did not receive incoming fire, but for my purposes I am referring exclusively to frontline duties unless otherwise noted. 2 Throughout the paper “Soviet Union” and “Russia” are used depending on time period. “Soviet Union” is used when discussing 1922-1991, while “Russia” is used pre-1922, and post-1991. These terms are used
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