BOOKSHELF a Man Is Known by the Books He Reads
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Simply Turing
Simply Turing Simply Turing MICHAEL OLINICK SIMPLY CHARLY NEW YORK Copyright © 2020 by Michael Olinick Cover Illustration by José Ramos Cover Design by Scarlett Rugers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher at the address below. [email protected] ISBN: 978-1-943657-37-7 Brought to you by http://simplycharly.com Contents Praise for Simply Turing vii Other Great Lives x Series Editor's Foreword xi Preface xii Acknowledgements xv 1. Roots and Childhood 1 2. Sherborne and Christopher Morcom 7 3. Cambridge Days 15 4. Birth of the Computer 25 5. Princeton 38 6. Cryptology From Caesar to Turing 44 7. The Enigma Machine 68 8. War Years 85 9. London and the ACE 104 10. Manchester 119 11. Artificial Intelligence 123 12. Mathematical Biology 136 13. Regina vs Turing 146 14. Breaking The Enigma of Death 162 15. Turing’s Legacy 174 Sources 181 Suggested Reading 182 About the Author 185 A Word from the Publisher 186 Praise for Simply Turing “Simply Turing explores the nooks and crannies of Alan Turing’s multifarious life and interests, illuminating with skill and grace the complexities of Turing’s personality and the long-reaching implications of his work.” —Charles Petzold, author of The Annotated Turing: A Guided Tour through Alan Turing’s Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine “Michael Olinick has written a remarkably fresh, detailed study of Turing’s achievements and personal issues. -
Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources
1 Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources “Alan Turing's Trial Charges and Sentences, 31 March 1952.” Alan Turing: The Enigma, Andrew Hodges, https://www.turing.org.uk/sources/sentence.html. This source is an image from the Alan Turing: The Enigma website depicting the arrest and sentencing record of Alan Turing and his lover Arnold Murray from 1952. This primary source shows off the fact that Turing stood strong against the charges of “indecency” that were leveled his way due to his sexuality and pleaded guilty. It interested our group to find out that Murray received a much lighter sentence than Turing for the same “crime” “A Memoir of Turing in 1954 from by M.H. Newman.” The Turing Digital Archive, King's College, Cambridge, http://www.turingarchive.org/viewer/?id=18&title=Manchester Guardian June 1954. This source is a primary source image from The Turing Digital Archive containing newspaper clippings of Turing’s obituary and an appreciation article. These images helped us to understand the significance that Alan Turing had to society at the time of his death, giving us a starting point to observe how the legacy of Turing grew after his death, as well as the impact his life had even after it came to a close. “AMT Aged 16, Head and Shoulders.” The Turing Digital Archive, King's College, Cambridge, http://www.turingarchive.org/viewer/?id=521&title=4. This image of Alan Turing as a young man helps us depict his life as a story rather than a disconnected series of events. We included it because we felt that it was important to discuss Turing’s early years and education as well as his work on Enigma and his personal life in order to present the full story to the best of our ability on our website. -
Profalanturing-Decoded-Biography
CONTENTS Title Introduction 1. Unreliable Ancestors 2. Dismal Childhoods 3. Direction of Travel 4. Kingsman 5. Machinery of Logic 6. Prof 7. Looking Glass War 8. Lousy Computer 9. Taking Shape 10. Machinery of Justice 11. Unseen Worlds Epilogue: Alan Turing Decoded Notes and Accreditations Copyright Blue Plaques in Hampton, Maida Vale, Manchester and Wilmslow. At Bletchley Park, where Alan Turing did the work for which he is best remembered, there is no plaque but a museum exhibition. INTRODUCTION ALAN TURING is now a household name, and in Britain he is a national hero. There are several biographies, a handful of documentaries, one Hollywood feature film, countless articles, plays, poems, statues and other tributes, and a blue plaque in almost every town where he lived or worked. One place which has no blue plaque is Bletchley Park, but there is an entire museum exhibition devoted to him there. We all have our personal image of Alan Turing, and it is easy to imagine him as a solitary, asocial genius who periodically presented the world with stunning new ideas, which sprang unaided and fully formed from his brain. The secrecy which surrounded the story of Bletchley Park after World War Two may in part be responsible for the commonly held view of Alan Turing. For many years the codebreakers were permitted only to discuss the goings-on there in general, anecdotal terms, without revealing any of the technicalities of their work. So the easiest things to discuss were the personalities, and this made good copy: eccentric boffins busted the Nazi machine. -
A Bibliography of Publications of Alan Mathison Turing
A Bibliography of Publications of Alan Mathison Turing Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 24 August 2021 Version 1.227 Abstract This bibliography records publications of Alan Mathison Turing (1912– 1954). Title word cross-reference 0(z) [Fef95]. $1 [Fis15, CAC14b]. 1 [PSS11, WWG12]. $139.99 [Ano20]. $16.95 [Sal12]. $16.96 [Kru05]. $17.95 [Hai16]. $19.99 [Jon17]. 2 [Fai10b]. $21.95 [Sal12]. $22.50 [LH83]. $24.00/$34 [Kru05]. $24.95 [Sal12, Ano04, Kru05]. $25.95 [KP02]. $26.95 [Kru05]. $29.95 [Ano20, CK12b]. 3 [Ano11c]. $54.00 [Kru05]. $69.95 [Kru05]. $75.00 [Jon17, Kru05]. $9.95 [CK02]. H [Wri16]. λ [Tur37a]. λ − K [Tur37c]. M [Wri16]. p [Tur37c]. × [Jon17]. -computably [Fai10b]. -conversion [Tur37c]. -D [WWG12]. -definability [Tur37a]. -function [Tur37c]. 1 2 . [Nic17]. Zycie˙ [Hod02b]. 0-19-825079-7 [Hod06a]. 0-19-825080-0 [Hod06a]. 0-19-853741-7 [Rus89]. 1 [Ano12g]. 1-84046-250-7 [CK02]. 100 [Ano20, FB17, Gin19]. 10011-4211 [Kru05]. 10th [Ano51]. 11th [Ano51]. 12th [Ano51]. 1942 [Tur42b]. 1945 [TDCKW84]. 1947 [CV13b, Tur47, Tur95a]. 1949 [Ano49]. 1950s [Ell19]. 1951 [Ano51]. 1988 [Man90]. 1995 [Fef99]. 2 [DH10]. 2.0 [Wat12o]. 20 [CV13b]. 2001 [Don01a]. 2002 [Wel02]. 2003 [Kov03]. 2004 [Pip04]. 2005 [Bro05]. 2006 [Mai06, Mai07]. 2008 [Wil10]. 2011 [Str11]. 2012 [Gol12]. 20th [Kru05]. 25th [TDCKW84]. -
Jewel Theatre Audience Guide Addendum: Alan Turing Biography
Jewel Theatre Audience Guide Addendum: Alan Turing Biography directed by Kirsten Brandt by Susan Myer Silton, Dramaturg © 2019 ALAN TURING The outline of the following overview of Turing’s life is largely based on his biography on Alchetron.com (https://alchetron.com/Alan-Turing), a “social encyclopedia” developed by Alchetron Technologies. It has been embellished with additional information from sources such as Andrew Hodges’ books, Alan Turing: The Enigma (1983) and Turing (1997) as well as his website, https://www.turing.org.uk. The following books have also provided additional information: Prof: Alan Turing Decoded (2015) by Dermot Turing, who is Alan’s nephew by way of his only sibling, John; The Turing Guide by B. Jack Copeland, Jonathan Bowen, Mark Sprevak, and Robin Wilson (2017); and Alan M. Turing, written by his mother, Sara, shortly after he died. The latter was republished in 2012 as Alan M. Turing – Centenary Edition with an Afterword entitled “My Brother Alan” by John Turing. The essay was added when it was discovered among John’s writings following his death. The republication also includes a new Foreword by Martin Davis, an American mathematician known for his model of post-Turing machines. Extended biographies of Christopher Morcom, Dillwyn Knox, Joan Clarke (the character of Pat Green in the play) and Sara Turing, which are provided as Addendums to this Guide, provide additional information about Alan. Beginnings Alan Mathison Turing was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. He was born in a nursing home in Maida Vale, a tony residential district of London, England on June 23, 1912. -
Alan Turing Archive Sherborne School (Archon Code: Gb1949)
ALAN TURING ARCHIVE SHERBORNE SCHOOL (ARCHON CODE: GB1949) Alan Mathison Turing was born on 23 June 1912 at Warrington Lodge, Warrington Avenue, Maida Vale, London, the second son of Julius Mathison Turing, a civil servant in India, and Ethel Sara Turing, daughter of Edward Waller Stoney, chief engineer of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railways. Alan’s elder brother was John Ferrier Turing (1908-1983). From 1922 to 1926 Alan attended Hazelhurst Preparatory School in Sussex, and from 1926 to 1931 Sherborne School in Dorset where he was a member of Westcott House. In 1931 he won an Open Scholarship in Mathematics to King’s College, Cambridge, and was awarded a degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1934. In 1935, aged 22, he was elected a Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge. He was awarded a Smith’s prize for his fellowship dissertation on the Central Limit Theorem. Alan then went as a Visiting Fellow to Princeton University in the USA where in June 1938 he was awarded a PhD for his thesis on ‘Systems of Logic based on Ordinals’. Alan returned to his Fellowship at King’s College, Cambridge in 1938. In 1939, at the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, where he was part of the team deciphering the Enigma machine. In 1942 he travelled to the USA to liaise with US codebreakers and in 1943 commenced work on speech encipherment at Hanslope Park. In 1945 Alan joined the National Physical Laboratory at Teddington where he designed the ACE computer. -
Forgotten Heroes of the Enigma Story
BOOKS & ARTS COMMENT manipulating a force pervading in every- day matter, who ally to mount an insur- rection against the established order and Forgotten heroes of help destroy a giant, partially built beam machine,” writes Martin. The trajectory of US solid-state physics, he notes, “fol- the Enigma story lowed much the same plot”. Although he concedes that the SSC was more drasti- Joanne Baker enjoys a tale of the Polish cryptographers cally affected by the end of the cold war than by intradisciplinary critique, there is who paved the way for Alan Turing’s wartime feats. no doubt where Martin’s sympathies lie. He devotes most of his book to a detailed reconstruction of the intense lan Turing’s crucial unscrambling the mathematicians’ struggle, half a century earlier, for rec- of German messages in the Second families have shared ognition by solid-state physicists against World War was a tour de force of personal letters. the leadership of the APS, which was Acodebreaking. From 1940 onwards, Turing Turing unearths a itself frustrated and challenged by the and his team engineered hundreds of elec- remarkable tale of rapid growth in their ranks during the tronic machines, dubbed bombes, which intellect, bravery and 1940s. Physicists who worked on metals, decrypted the thousands of missives sent by camaraderie that ceramics and other domains straddling enemy commanders each day to guide their reads like a nail-biting fundamental and applied physics wanted soldiers. This deluge of knowledge short- spy novel. representation at APS meetings, leading ened the war. Bletchley Park, UK — the Polish skills in X, Y & Z: The to the creation of the Division of Solid secret centre where it all happened — rightly Real Story of cryptography and State Physics in 1947. -
The Imitation Game: Alan Turing Decoded Kindle
THE IMITATION GAME: ALAN TURING DECODED PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Jim Ottaviani | 240 pages | 09 Jul 2019 | Abrams | 9781419736452 | English | New York, United States The Imitation Game: Alan Turing Decoded PDF Book Find out where and when here! We find out Turing died on a title card after the film ends. However I was puzzled by the decision to suggest that a refurbished Enigma Machine with additional rotors was pulled off the submarine. The name of both comes from the test Turing developed to determine whether a machine has truly achieved artificial intelligence. Oct 03, Stephen rated it really liked it Shelves: giveaways. Feb 08, Heather rated it it was amazing. He developed the idea of the modern computer and artificial intelligence. They become inseparable, passing notes that decode into mildly romantic messages. Alan Turing is often called the father of modern computing. However, just a few months later, Turing broke off the engagement, believing that the marriage would ultimately fail. Another cryptographic system challenge is choosing an algorithm. Read an excerpt from the book. Book Place Hold. Published 10 September We owe an immense debt of gratitude to all concerned with the making of The Imitation Game. GNL Lexile. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. Bletchley Park Research. During the Second World War he worked for the government breaking the enemies codes and Churchill said he shortened the war by two years British solicitor and author. Peter Knegt. Chiefly illustrations. Close AD. Except for a few, he could have summarized those of major import and placed others of significance in Addenda. -
The Typex Scare of 1943: How Well Did the British React to a Cypher-Security Scare?
The Typex Scare of 1943: How Well Did the British React to a Cypher-Security Scare? Dermot Turing Visiting Fellow Kellogg College 62 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 6PN, UK [email protected] Abstract switched a letter of text for another, with the rotors stepping on to create a different cipher The response of German Naval overlay each time a key was pressed. Additional Intelligence, at various points in World security features included settable entry and exit War Two, to suspicions that the Enigma stators , rotor-cores which could be inserted cipher had been broken is well known. In backwards so as to invert their left-right 1943 the British were faced with behaviour, a set of ten rotors from which to evidence about the possible compromise choose five, and in some versions a plugboard of the Typex machine, the highest-level (like the German military version of Enigma). communications device in use across All this was good for British communications their armed forces. This paper compares security, but there were still vulnerabilities. First, the response of the British to the Typex the British armed services were not universally scare to the German investigations equipped with the plugboard version of Typex. concerning Enigma. Then there were elementary errors of Reconstructing the story, it seems that cryptographic security, such as (in particular) the the Germans had, in fact, read some operational error where the machine operator Typex messages. Although Allied code- chose as his start-position for encipherment a breaking during the war operated on a non-random orientation of rotors based on the end-position of the preceding message facilitating a cryptanalytical attack known to inappropriate to assume that the Germans 1 could not do so. -
The Institute of Polish Military History
The Institute of Polish Military History (IPMH) A message from our President, Field Marshal The Lord Guthrie of The Vision Craigiebank GCB LVO OBE In order to build on the momentum generated over the last 7 years by the PHS (UK) Military History conferences, a new Institute of Polish Military History will be established. 1. The Institute of the Polish Military History (Niezależny Instytut Historii Polskiej Wojskowości be established in London in 2020. 2. The Institute is part of the Polish Heritage Society (UK) which is I am delighted to be associated with registered as a charity. the work of the Polish Heritage It will be associated with other relevant organisations. Society (UK) and very honoured to 3. The Institute will offer the following: serve as its President. The Society’s work highlights the enormous a. annual conferences based on the model so effectively contribution which generations of pioneered by the Polish Heritage Society (UK); Poles have made to their adopted country. Preserving and celebrating b. regular lectures and courses, some of them on-line, on that heritage will only further aspects of Polish military history; strengthen the ties between Poland and the United Kingdom. c. a one-year part-time graduate diploma based on course work and a dissertation. I worked closely with the Society on 4. All lectures and courses to be delivered in English. the project to build a memorial to the Polish Allied Forces at the National 5. Dissertations to be written in English. Memorial Arboretum and saw at 6. Conferences and lectures will be open to members of the public. -
Enigma Variations: a Review Article
Algorithmic Social Sciences Research Unit ASSRU Discussion Paper Series 1 – 2019/I Enigma Variations: A review article K. Vela Velupillai May 2019 Revised version forthcoming in: New Mathematics & Natural Computation Enigma Variations: A Review Article§ K. Vela Velupillai Tottvägen 11 169 54 Solna Sweden 27th April, 2019 [email protected] “[Codebreaking] did not really need mathematics but … mathematicians tended to be good at the job.” Gordon Welchman [to Joan Murray]¨ § Dedicated to my lifelong friend, Muthu, who – over the years – gently reminded me of the Polish contribution to the breaking of the Enigma code; his knowledge was based on what his late Polish plumber had told him, in the early ‘90s. I like to think Arthur Scherbius chose the name ENIGMA for his electro-mechanical cipher machine on the basis of the Ancient Greek for ‘riddle’ or ‘puzzle’(although I suspect it was from Latin, because the popular German word is Das Rätsel); this is ironical because Dilwyn ‘Dilly’ Knox, who broke the Abwehr Enigma Machine on 28 October, 1941 (and much else to do with the Enigma as a ‘secret writing machine’, well before 1941) was a Greek scholar of impeccable reputation (cf., Batey, 2017 especially p. 138). My own choice of this particular title was based on Batey (op. cit., p. xvii), the title of Hamer (et. al., 20??) and Copeland (2004, ed., p. 220), but also of course, fascination with Elgar’s composition of the Enigma Variations (I listen to the Bridgewater Hall recording by the Hallé Orchestra). This is a review article (RA) of X, Y & Z: The Real Story of How Enigma was Broken by Dermot Turing, with a Foreword by Arkady Regocki, Ambassador of The Republic of Poland to the UK, The History Press, UK (£20.00). -
Alan Turing 纳瞧盼倘 ¬ ¾ 13 川
Ë ¥ § ÄÉÇÆÅÎÌÈ Ê Alan Turing Ernest Davis The Turing Guide. By Jack Copeland, Jonathan Bowen, Mark Sprevak, and Robin Wilson. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, March 2017. 545 pages. $115.00. § º à ¾ 2012 Ø 6 23 Alan Tur- » Ø ¨ Ø Ø ¥ ing(Ü ) 100 2012 ¹ Ù Ø Ø “Alan Turing Ø”, 21 Ú Ï Ê Ò ¹ “Alan ² ¿ Û Ñ ¥ Í Á ¥ Æ ¨ Ý Turing Ø”. ¦ Á Û Ø ß Æ Ô Turing 2014 Ø ¤ ¦Æ ¢ (The Imitation Game) Á ¬ ¨ Turing ³ ¼ ª ¯ ª ¢ Ü Ö 42 Ñ ² ¹ (The Turing Guide) ¤ Ó ¦ ¹ ² É É Ð ¨ Ê Í Turing ² Á © © Á Â Ø · ¦ ¨ 60 Ê ª ¯ Ü Ã ¼ » à · ° à ª ¦¡ Ê ³ Á ¬ Í µ Ù ± ¦ ¦Ü ´ Ê Ç ¨ º Ò ¸ ¼ Jack Copeland, ¼ (Can- ¥ £ The Turing Guide Å Ø Ø ¦ à terbury) ª ¯ ¦Ì ¯ ¢ Ü Ñ ¤ ¼ É ³ ¨© Ê ¦ » ℄ ¾ à 13 Í ½ Æ Ô © » Û Á Ê ¨© Ù ² Á µ » Turing 5 Turing Î Ø Ò Ø Å Ø Ø ½ ¿ Ø Ø Ø ¿ Ë ³ ¨ ¶ Ø Ê Ó · Turing Sir John Dermott Turing David Leavitt ³ Ù © ³ » » Û Ï © » ¸ Ï ß ¤ ¨Ý ° Turing 7 Æ ¨ Ý Ç ¦ ¤ Á ¬ Æ Ú ¦© · Í © ³ Í (Bletchley Park, ¥ ) © ¿Ã ¬ Á ´ ¨ Turing (morphogenesis) « Á ¢ ¨ ¹ º É Turing « SIAM News, v. 50 (2017), no. 6, Paying Tribute to Alan Turing’s Life and Work, Ernest Davis, figure number 2. Copyright c 2017 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. All Ì Þ Ô Ï Þ Â È Ü « Á © rights reserved. Reprinted with permission. Î Î Ü ¥ Ï À Ó È § × ° Ð Ä Ernest Davis Ä Courant [email protected].