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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9505102 The social context of female criminal victimisation: A domain-specific routine activity /lifestyle analysis Ehrhardt, Elizabeth J., Ph.D. The Ohio St,ate University, 1994 Copyright ©1994 by Ehrhardt, Elisabeth J. All rights reserved. 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF FEMALE CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION: A DOMAIN-SPECIFIC ROUTINE ACTIVITY/LIFESTYLE ANALYSIS DISSERTATION Presented in Parital Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Elizabeth J. Ehrhardt, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1994 Dissertation Committee: Approved by: Ruth D. Peterson Richard Lundman Advisor Katherine Meyer Department of Sociology Copyright by Elizabeth J. Ehrhardt 1994 To my parents, Drew and Betsy Ehrhardt ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Ruth D. Peterson for her tremendous guidance, patience, and insight throughout this research. Her support came in both academic and personal forms, and I truely appreciate receiving each type. I also extend thanks and appreciation to Professor Richard J. Lundman for his helpful and encouraging comments, and his willingness to discuss many issues regarding this research. Appreciation also goes to Dr. Katherine Meyer for her suggestions, comments, and willingness to serve on the committee. Dr. Robert L. Kaufman provided needed methodological and statistical advice. The technical assistance and personal encouragement of Richard Haller and Joan Arnfield are gratefully acknowledged. To my friends, Laura Geschwender, John Felice, Omar Barriga, Chris Papaleonardos, Joyce Abma, Stacy Rogers, and Susanne Schmeidl, I offer my most grateful thanks for your ongoing support, encouragement, and motivational reassurance. My parents, Drew and Betsy Ehrhardt cannot possibly be adequately thanked for their shining encouragements. Their support, which came in a multitude of ways from financial to personal to intellectual and is sincerely appreciated. Last, but by iii no means least, to my fiance, Mike Mustaine, I thank you for your technical assistance, your unshakable faith in me, and your willingness to endure with me the difficult times and celebrate with me the successful times. You were always the light that I looked forward to seeing at the end of the day. VITA May 13, 1965 ......................................................... Born - St. Louis, Missouri 1987........................................................................ B.A., The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 1987-1992.............................................................. Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1989........................................................................ MA, Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1992-Present......................... ................................ Graduate Teaching Associate, Sociology Research Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Sociology Studies in Criminology, Deviance, and Women and Crime v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................... iii VITA ..............................................................................................................................v TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................viii CHAPTER PAGE I INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1 RESEARCH OUTLINE................................................................................................................ 5 II THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND EMPIRICAL LITERATURE 8 EARLY THEORIES OF VICTIMIZATION..................................................................................9 EMPIRICAL STUDIES............................................................................................................... 13 CRITIQ UE.................................................................................................................................. 25 WOMEN'S VICTIMIZATION LITERATURE........................................................................... 30 III DATA AND M ETHO DS.................................................................................... 35 THE DATA SOURCE................................................................................................................ 35 THE SAMPLE............................................................................................................................. 36 DATA AND VARIABLES...........................................................................................................37 DATA ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................50 IV BIVARIATE ASSOCIATIONS.........................................................................55 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE AND MALE VICTIMIZATION..............................55 V GENERAL MULTIVARIATE RESULTS.........................................................63 RESULTS FOR THE GENERAL MODEL OF VICTIMIZATION FOR MEN AND WOMEN TOGETHER AND SEPARATELY........................................................................................... 63 VI MULTIVARIATE RESULTS FOR THE FEMALE SAMPLE..................... 75 FEMALE VICTIMIZATION IN DOMAIN SPECIFIC CONTEXTS........................................ 75 GENERAL ROUTINE ACTIVITY/LIFESTYLE MODEL ON HOME, WORK, AND LEISURE/PUBLIC DOMAINS..................................................................................................76 FEMALE VICTIMIZATION IN THE HOME DOMAIN.............................................................80 FEMALE VICTIMIZATION IN THE WORK DOMAIN............................................................83 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................85 VII MULTIVARIATE RESULTS FOR MALES.................................................. 89 MALE VICTIMIZATION IN DOMAIN SPECIFIC CONTEXTS.............................................. 89 GENERAL ROUTINE ACTIVITY/LIFESTYLE MODEL ON HOME, WORK, AND LEISURE/PUBLIC DOMAINS.................................................................................................. 90 MALE VICTIMIZATION IN THE HOME DOMAIN..................................................................94 MALE VICTIMIZATION IN THE WORK DOMAIN..................................................................95 A COMPARISON OF MALES AND FEMALES......................................................................99 VIII CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................105 SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS..........................................................................................105 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................113 Appendix A.............................................................................................................. 115 List Of References................................................................................................ 122 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 3.1 Operationalizations for Variables in the General and Domain Specific Models............................................................................. 51 4.1 Sample Characteristics, and Place and Type of Victimization For Males and Females ...............................................................................59 4.2 Percent Distribution of Female and Male Victims by Status and Lifestyle Characteristics for the Total Samples and Within the Home, Work, and Leisure/Public Domains.....................................
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