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Toskana Kulturrouten TOSKANA KULTURROUTEN Auf der Entdeckung großer Genies: die schöpferische Geisterkraft von Wissenschaftlern, historische Persönlichkeiten, Dichtern und Musikern toskana KULTURROUTEN Auf der Entdeckung großer Genies: die schöpferische Geisterkraft von Wissenschaftlern, historische Persönlichkeiten, Dichtern und Musikern Ein Reiseführer, der zum ersten Mal dazu einlädt, Dichter und Musiker, Wissen- schaftler und Ordensleute, Politiker und Revolutionäre sowie wichtige histori- sche Persönlichkeiten zu entdecken, die im Lauf der Jahrhunderte in der Toskana geboren wurden oder hier gelebt haben und hier ihre unauslöschlichen Spuren hinterlassen haben, um diese Region in der ganzen Welt berühmt zu machen. Dem Leben und Arbeiten dieser Genies folgend hat der Reisende Seite für Seite die Möglichkeit, durch ihre Erfindungen, ihre Worte und ihre Musik eine etwas andere Toskana zu entdecken, neue Wege, die ihn in Städte und Dörfer, an be- rühmte Orte und in versteckte Nischen entführen. Auch für ihre Bewohner selbst eine neue Form, um die Region wahrzunehmen und mehr über die Werke großer Persönlichkeiten der Geschichte zu erfahren, denen die Plätze und Straßen unse- res Landes gewidmet sind. Die Toskana ist ein Land, das seit jeher als Quelle der Inspiration für große Männer und Frauen fungiert: Über ihre Biografien und die Orte, an denen sie gelebt und gearbeitet haben, sowie mit Hilfe einer Vielzahl an Bildern und Darstellungen ent- decken wir mit diesem Reiseführer einen neuen Weg, um die wahre Seele dieser außerordentlichen Region zu verstehen die Jahrhundert für Jahrhundert Besu- cher aus der ganzen Welt angezogen hat und auch heute noch anzieht. EINIGE ORTE AUF DIESER REISEROUTE WERDEN ALS BESONDERS WICHTIG MARKIERT ** NICHT ZU VERSÄUMEN * INTERESSANT UND UM NICHT VOM WEG ABZUKOMMEN, IST JEDER ABSCHNITT GUT MARKIERT WISSENSCHAFTLER HISTORISCHE DICHTER UND MUSIKER PERSÖNLICHKEITEN SCHRIFTSTELLER Viel Spaß beim Lesen und gute Reise! künstlerverzeichnis WISSENSCHAFTLER HISTORISCHE PERSÖNLICHKEITEN DICHTER UND SCHRIFTSTELLER MUSIKER 4 Barsanti und Matteucci 32 Anna Maria Luisa De' Medici 76 Carlo Cassola 107 Luigi Boccherini 6 Andrea Cesalpino 36 Antoninus von Florenz 77 Carlo Lorenzini, genannt Collodi 109 Ferruccio Busoni 7 Paolo Dal Pozzo Toscanelli 40 Bernhardin von Siena 79 Gabriele D'Annunzio 110 Giulio Caccini 8 Egnazio Danti 42 Heilige Katharina von Siena 81 Ugo Foscolo 112 Enrico Caruso 10 Enrico Fermi 44 Francesco Datini 83 Giuseppe Giusti 114 Alfredo Catalani 12 Galileo Galilei 46 Franz von Assisi 85 Francesco Guicciardini 116 Luigi Cherubini 14 Margherita Hack 50 Leo X. 86 Giacomo Leopardi 117 Guido Chigi Saracini 15 Antonio Meucci 52 Lorenzo de' Medici genannt 87 Carlo Levi 119 Luigi Dallapiccola 16 Pier Antonio Micheli "Der Prächtige" 89 Mario Luzi 120 Ruggero Leoncavallo 18 Francesco Redi 54 Napoleon Bonaparte 90 Niccolò Machiavelli 122 Pietro Mascagni 20 Niccolò Stenone 56 Leopold II. aus dem 92 Curzio Malaparte 124 Guido von Arezzo 21 Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti Haus Habsburg-Lothringen 93 Fosco Maraini 126 Jacopo Peri 23 Evangelista Torricelli 58 Pius II. 95 Eugenio Montale 128 Giacomo Puccini 24 Giovanni Da Verrazzano 60 Seliger Vivaldo Stricchi 96 Aldo Palazzeschi 130 Gioacchino Rossini 26 Amerigo Vespucci 97 Giovanni Pascoli 28 Vincenzo Viviani 98 Francesco Petrarca DICHTER UND SCHRIFTSTELLER 30 Leonardo Ximenes 100 Guido Piovene 62 Vittorio Alfieri 101 Agnolo Poliziano 64 Dante Alighieri 103 Vasco Pratolini 68 Pietro Aretino 104 Salvatore Quasimodo 69 Ludovico Ariosto 105 Federigo Tozzi 70 Giovanni Boccaccio 106 Giuseppe Ungaretti 72 Dino Campana 74 Giosuè Carducci entdecken Sie eugenio barsanti felice matteucci Frankreich, England, Preußen, Belgien und dem Piemont. Italien war damals jedoch noch nicht vereint und konnte dem Patent keinen ausreichenden Schutz bieten. Barsanti reiste nach Seraing ab, um die Produktion zu kontrollieren, und starb zwei Monate nach seiner Ankunft in Belgien im April 1864. Nach- dem die Erfindung des Verbrennungsmotors Nikolaus August Otto zugeschrieben wurde, beanspruchte Matteucci im Jahr 1877 die Urheberschaft für sich, wobei er das in verschiedenen Ländern Europas einge- reichte Patent als Beweis anführte; es gelang ihm jedoch nicht, sich und Barsanti als seine Erfinder an- WICHTIGE PERSÖNLICHKEITEN TOSKANA DER erkennen zu lassen. Felice Matteucci ruht in der Kapelle der Villa Montalvo in der Stadt Campi Bisenzio, deren Stadtrat er von 1865 bis 1875 war. Unten die Fotos von Barsanti und Matteucci. eugenio Barsanti PIETRASANTA (LU) (Pietrasanta, 1821 – Seraing, 1864) KIRCHE S. AGOSTINO Via Sant’Agostino 1 Felice matteucci Scheingrab mit Büste von Pater (lucca, 1808 – Capannori [lucca], 1887) Eugenio Barsanti, Werk von Leone Tommasi, Kopie des Originals in Santa Croce. Sie entwickelten den ersten Verbrennungsmotor. Eugenio Barsanti wurde in Pietrasanta in der Via Giuseppe Mazzini 77 (eine Gedenktafel erinnert hier an MUSEUM PADRE EUGENIO ihn) geboren. Im Alter von zwanzig Jahren war er bereits Professor für Philo- BARSANTI LUCCA FLORENZ sophie, Physik und elementare Mathematik am Collegio di San Michele in Vol- Palazzo Panichi, Via Marzocco 1 * FORSCHUNGSEINRICHTUNG terra. Er wurde 1845 zum Priester geweiht und 1849 wurde er von den Piaristen Erinnerungsstücke des Pater STIFTUNG FONDAZIONE BARSANTI E MATTEUCCI OSSERVATORIO XIMENIANO nach Florenz an das Forschungsinstitut Osservatorio Ximeniano nach Florenz Barsanti, 1864 von seinem Bruder Via San Micheletto 3 Piazza San Lorenzo 6 gerufen. Auch Felice Matteucci lebte in Florenz, obwohl er in Lucca auf der Luigi aus Seraing zurückgebracht. www.barsantiematteucci.it www.ximeniano-firenze.it Piazza del Giglio 2 geboren worden war, wie durch eine Gedenktafel angezeigt wird; 1838 heiratete er Giulia Ramirez di Montalvo, die als letzter Abkömmling RATHAUS VOLTERRA (PI) Reproduktion des dieser Adelsfamilie spanischer Herkunft galt, und zog nach Campi Bisenzio. Piazza Giacomo Matteotti 29 Verbrennungsmotors von 1851 lernte er Eugenio Barsanti kennen und war beeindruckt von seinen revo- PINAKOTHEK UND STADTMUSEUM Barsanti und Matteucci Büste von Pater Eugenio Barsanti lutionären Ideen zum Verbrennungsmotor; von diesem Moment an arbeiteten Antonio Bozzano, um 1909, Marmor. Via dei Sarti 1 sie gemeinsam an der Entwicklung dieser Erfindung. In Florenz bauten die * BASILIKA SANTA CROCE Originalinstrumente von Barsanti Piazza di Santa Croce beiden den weltweit ersten Verbrennungsmotor, der die Kolben dank eines FORTE DEI MARMI (LU) www.santacroceopera.it Wasserstoff-Luft-Gemischs mit einer größeren Leistung als die der Dampf- CAMPI BISENZIO (FI) maschine anheben konnte. Barsanti und Matteucci verdanken wir demnach Via Padre Eugenio Barsanti 11 Gedenktafel und Büste von Barsanti, Werk von Leone Tommasi. nicht nur die Erfindung des Benzin sondern auch des Wasserstoffmotors. Die VILLA MONTALVO Büste von Pater Eugenio Barsanti, Hier sind auch die sterblichen Erfindung wurde 1853 an der Accademia dei Georgofili eingereicht und 1854 Via di Limite 15 Kopie der Büste von Leone Tommasi. Überreste erhalten, die 1954 von der begann mit Gründung einer Gesellschaft die schrittweise Patentierung in 6 Grab von Felice Matteucci, Kapelle. Florentiner Kirche San Giovannino degli Scolopi übersetzt wurden. Paolo dal Pozzo toscanelli WICHTIGE PERSÖNLICHKEITEN TOSKANA DER (Florenz, 1397 – pisa, 1482) WICHTIGE PERSÖNLICHKEITEN TOSKANA DER andrea Cesalpino Mathematiker, Astronom und Karto- FLORENZ (arezzo, um 1524 – rom, 1603) graf, in Zusammenarbeit mit Filippo Bru- ** SALA DI COSIMO IL VECCHIO nelleschi entstand die Kuppel von Santa Cesalpino wurde in Arezzo, Corso Italia MUSEUM IM PALAZZO VECCHIO AREZZO Maria del Fiore (1420-1436) geboren, wo Piazza della Signoria (auf Hausnummer 152 erinnert eine Ge- Toscanelli den höchsten Gnomon seiner museicivicifiorentini.comune.fi.it PALAZZO DELLA PROVINCIA, SALA denktafel an sein Geburtshaus), in einer Zeit schuf (um 1475). Brunelleschi ließ DEL CONSIGLIO (GROSSER SAAL) Porträt von Toscanelli, Detailansicht aus der Lombardei - oder Gallia Cisalpina, sich von ihm auch bei der Errichtung der Piazza della Libertà Giorgio Vasari,1556-1558. wie der Familienname erinnert - stam- Kirche Santo Spirito helfen. Der Wissen- menden Familie geboren und übersiedel- Adolfo De Carolis, illustre Aretini, 1922- schaftler, der auf der Piazza Pitti wohn- te1544 nach Pisa, um Botanik und Medi- 1924, Fresko. ** GNOMON, KUPPEL te, bestimmte die Position mehrerer Ko- SANTA MARIA DEL FIORE zin an der Universität zu studieren; hier PISA meten und zeichnete ihre Umlaufbahnen Piazza del Duomo wurde er nach seinem Abschluss erst zum auf Sternkarten ein. Er nahm auch an www.ilgrandemuseodelduomo.it PräfektenLeiter des Botanischen Gar- KRANKENHAUS S. CHIARA den Treffen der Humanisten teil, die im Kapelle Santa Croce tens ernannt und erhielt nach sechzehn Via Roma 67 Kamaldulenserkloster Santa Maria degli Jahren dann einen Lehrstuhl für Medizin. Eine Gedenktafel erinnert an seine Angeli stattfanden. Toscanelli soll eine Einige Meinungsverschiedenheiten mit anatomischen Studien. * BASILIKA SANTA CROCE auf der Geographia des Ptolemäus basie- Piazza Santa Croce 16 seinen Kollegen und der Vorwurf der Ket- ARSENAL rende Himmelskarte gezeichnet haben www.santacroceopera.it zerei führten ihn 1592 nach Rom, in den Eine Gedenktafel erinnert daran, und ist vor allem für seinen Brief an den Dienst von Papst Clemens VIII. Er schrieb Ehrenmonument dass sich hier von 1544 bis 1563 der König von Portugal, Alfonso V., berühmt, viele Abhandlungen, seine Studien
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