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Home , Typhoid vaccine

TYPHOID W H A T Y O U N E E D T O K N O W

What is typhoid? •Travelers to parts of the world where typhoid is 1 common. (NOTE: typhoid vaccine is not 100% Typhoid () is a serious disease. It is effective and is not a substitute for being caused by bacteria called Salmonella Typhi. careful about what you eat or drink.) Typhoid causes a high fever, weakness, stomach •People in close contact with a typhoid carrier. pains, headache, loss of appetite, and sometimes a •Laboratory workers who work with Salmonella rash. If it is not treated, it can kill up to 30% of Typhi bacteria. people who get it. Some people who get typhoid become “carriers,” Inactivated Typhoid Vaccine (Shot) who can spread the •Should not be given to children younger than 2 disease to years of age. others. •One dose provides protection. It should be given Generally, at least 2 weeks before travel to allow the vaccine people get time to work. typhoid from contaminated •A booster dose is needed every 2 years for people food or water. Typhoid is not common in the U.S., who remain at risk. and most U.S. citizens who get the disease get it Live Typhoid Vaccine (Oral) while traveling. Typhoid strikes about 21 million people a year around the world and kills about •Should not be given to children younger than 6 200,000. years of age. Typhoid vaccine can prevent typhoid. •Four doses, given 2 days apart, are needed for protection. The last dose should be given at least 1 week before travel to allow the vaccine time to 2 Typhoid work. There are two vaccines to prevent typhoid. One is •A booster dose is needed every 5 years for people an inactivated (killed) vaccine gotten as a shot, and who remain at risk. the other is live, attenuated (weakened) vaccine which is taken orally (by mouth). Either vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines.

3 Who should get typhoid Some people should not get vaccine and when? 4 typhoid vaccine or should wait

Routine typhoid is not recommended Inactivated Typhoid Vaccine (Shot) in the United States, but typhoid vaccine is recommended for: •Anyone who has had a severe reaction to a previous dose of this vaccine should not get Typhoid 5/19/04 another dose. Over . . . Live Typhoid Vaccine (Oral) What if there is a moderate or •Anyone who has had a severe reaction to a 6 severe reaction? previous dose of this vaccine should not get another dose. What should I look for? • Any unusual condition, such as a high fever or •Anyone whose immune system is weakened behavior changes. Signs of a serious allergic should not get this vaccine. They should get the reaction can include difficulty breathing, hoarse- inactivated typhoid vaccine instead. These ness or wheezing, hives, paleness, weakness, a people include anyone who: fast heart beat or dizziness. - Has HIV/AIDS or another disease that affects the immune system. What should I do? - Is being treated with drugs that affect the • Call a doctor, or get the person to a doctor right immune system, such as steroids, for 2 weeks away. or longer. - Has any kind of cancer. • Tell your doctor what happened, the date and - Is taking cancer treatment with x-rays or drugs. time it happened, and when the vaccination was given. •Oral typhoid vaccine should not be given within • Ask your doctor, nurse, or health department to 24 hours of certain antibiotics. report the reaction by filing a Reporting System (VAERS) form. Ask your doctor or nurse for more information. Or you can file this report through the VAERS web site at www.vaers.org, or by calling What are the risks from 1-800-822-7967. 5 typhoid vaccine? VAERS does not provide medical advice. A vaccine, like any medicine, could possibly cause serious problems, such as severe allergic reactions. 7 How can I learn more? The risk of a vaccine causing serious harm, or death, is extremely small. Serious problems from • Ask your doctor or nurse. They can give you the either of the two typhoid vaccines are very rare. vaccine package insert or suggest other sources of information. Inactivated Typhoid Vaccine (Shot) • Call your local or state health department. Mild Reactions •Fever (up to about 1 person per 100). • Contact the Centers for Disease Control and •Headache (up to about 3 people per 100). Prevention (CDC): - Visit CDC’s typhoid website at •Redness or swelling at the site of the injection (up to 7 people per 100). www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm

Live Typhoid Vaccine (Oral) Mild Reactions •Fever or headache (up to about 5 people per 100). •Abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, or rash (rare). department of health and human services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Typhoid Vaccine (5/19/04) Vaccine Information Statement National Program