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Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914-1933

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Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914-1933 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47087-2 - Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914–1933 Michael Berkowitz Index More information Index agriculture, 93-99, 102-09, 121, 122-23 in Russian Empire, 7, 18,82,89 aforestation, 62, 137 travel bureaus and, 129, 130, 131 funding for, 106--07 Turkish, 83-84 German-sponsored projects, 166 in United States, 82 and land reclamation, 105, 106--07 US accusations of, 18 limited value of, 62 Zionist experience in Palestine (1920s), photographic portrayal of, 97-99 84 and "plague of locusts" (1917), 84 see also pogroms; stereotypes Zionist emphasis on, 95, 111, 135, 145 ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand) Ahad Ha-Am (Asher Ginsburg), 26 forces, 9 A1derblum, Nima, 141 Arab riots (1929-30), 55, 72, 78,121,172 A1lenby, Field Marshal Edmund, 9-10 Brandeis speech on, 42 Allied powers, 7, 8, 18 and fundraising, 57, 80, 89 see also World War I; World War II ostensible cause of, 136 Altneuland (The odor Herzl), 109 and tourism, 125 American Hebrew (non-Zionist journal), Zionist perception of, 104, 159 163 see also Arab-Zionist relations American Jewish Joint Distribution Arab-Zionist relations, 27, 103-05, 111 Committee (JDC, "the Joint"), 17, "Arab problem," 104-05 19,57 conflict, 110, 112, 118, 121, 128, 171 American Jewish Relief Committee, 19, 20 (see also Arab riots, 1929-30) American Red Cross, 17, 45 conflict minimized, 89, 105 American Schools of Oriental Research, 136 Jewish sympathy for/understanding of American Zionist Federation, 45 Arabs, 55, 89-90,139,159,172, American Zionist Medical Unit, see 187 Hadassah Arabs, Palestinian American Zionist Organization, see Zionist British bias toward, 138 Organization of America (ZOA) culture recognized, 104 anti-defamation, 196 nationalism of, 104, 105, 171-72 anti-Semitism and tourist trade, 128 in Austria and Germany, 18,24,52, see also Arab riots (1929-30); Arab- 53-54, 76, 151 Zionist relations and Balfour Declaration, 34 archaeology, 136--37, 138, 142 and credit to Jewish troops, 9-10 Aronson family, 83 Einstein on, 52-53 Artamanen (German youth group), 149 in France, 18 Australia, Zionism in, 9 and fundraising, 78-79 Austria, 8, 18, 149, 180 and Jews in cities, 94 Jewish troops from 13, 14, 16,20 organizations defending against, 154, Zionism in, 7, 11, 178 155,174 Avineri, Shlomo, 40, 48 in Poland, 21, 82 Avukah, 166--72, 173-74 and prostitution, 15 Avukah Bulletin, 170 292 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47087-2 - Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914–1933 Michael Berkowitz Index More information Index 293 Babel, Isaac, 24 Brenner, Michael, 2 Balfour, Arthur James, earl of, 38, 55, 140, Breuer, Mordechai, 28 197 Britain "Balfour Days," 29, 80 archaeological excavations by, 136, 137, and Hebrew University, 30-31, 32, 50 138 as hero of Zionist movement, 26, 27, British tourists in Palestine, 125, 28-32,35 131-32, 136 (see also Cook, Balfour Declaration (November 1917), 3, Thomas, Ltd.) 43--44,61,81, 121, 221n29, 233n3 as center of European Zionism, 182 British misperceptions and, 34 character of Zionism in, 11, 200 disappointment with, 28 fundraising in, 75, 80, 88 as rallying point for Zionism, 23, 25, Jewish immigration into, 162-63 28-29, 181 restricted, 79-80, 81, 82-83, 163 revised,32 Jewish press in, 20 (see also press, Balfour Forest (Palestine), 32 Zionist) Basel Program, 167, 233n3 Jewish troops and "Jewish Legion" Beer-Hoffman, Richard, 17 (World WarI), 8-10, 12, 13, 19, Belgian relief, 86 21-23,27 Ben Avi, Ittamar, 171 Passfield White Paper of (1930),79-80, Ben-Gurion, David, 60, 161, 219n9 81 ben Zvi, Isaac, 100 socialism in, 73 Bentwich, Norman, 160 Summer School, 165 Berger, Julius, 132 and "Western Zionism," 195-96 Berit-ha-'olim (Covenent of the Olim), 154 youth groups and students in, 148, Berman, Aaron, 48, 56 159-66, 168, 173 Bernstein, Eduard, 157 Zionist women in, 178-79, 181-85 (see Beth Alpha, tours to synagogue at, 142 also WIZO) Bazalel Art Institute, 135, 136 see also Balfour Declaration (November Bialik, C. N., 85 1917); British Mandate Bible Circle youth group (Bibelkreise, B'rith Shalom faction, 172 Germany), 152 British Mandate, 3, 68, 131, 163, 221n29, BJC (Zionist student group), 156 233n4 Blau-Weiss (Blue-White, League for Department of Antiquities, 136 Jewish Youth Excursions), 12,94, dissatisfaction with, 78, 104, 105, 125, 149-55 139 failure of settlements of, 158 investments of, III songs and songbooks of, 150-51 "welcomed," 160 Blau-Weiss Fahrer, 151 British Palestine Exploration Fund, 136 Blumenfeld, Kurt, 52, 53, 156 British School of Archaeology Gerusalem), B'nai B'rith, 149, 167, 179 136 Boehm, Adolf, 36, 79, 82, 194 Brod, Max, 140 Brandeis, Louis, 15,53,54,55 Brodetsky, Selig, 160 and Balfour Declaration, 43-44 Brown University, 140 and fundraising, 83 Buber, Martin, 21, 47, 140, 150, 185, and Hadassah, 45, 75, 186-89, 195 221-22n46, 226n133 as hero of Zionist movement, 27 as head of Provisional Committee, Weltsch's letters to, 12, 14, 15 60-61 Building Loan and Savings Society, 130 as leader of Zionist movement, 26, 27, Bulgaria, Jewish troops of, 19 40--45,52,72-73,79,134,197,199 Bunde (German youth group), 149 opponents of, 42, 71 Burkhardt, Jacob, 157 as opponent ofWeizmann, 28, 35, 36, Burschenschaften (German youth group), 44--45,56,61,63-67,74-75,76, 149 186, 188 Burt, Robert, 63 on US Supreme Court, 44 BZK (Zionist student group), 157 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47087-2 - Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914–1933 Michael Berkowitz Index More information 294 Index "Catholic Quickborn" youth group Dead Sea, tours to, 143 (Gennany), 152 Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft, excavations Central Committee of Associates, see by, 137 Hadassah diaspora Jewry Central European Zionists, see Europe, difference of, from Yishuv, 193, 195 Zionist movement in emigrants from Palestine, 163-64 Central powers, Zionists in, 7, 20 fmancial aid from, see fundraising see also World War I graphic depiction of atrocities against, Centralverein (Central Organization of 20 Gennan Citizens of the Jewish Halutsim as teachers of, 164 Confession), 149 t~urism and, 129, 134, 140, 194 Cesarani, David, 80 women's organizations, 186 Chmielnicki Massacres (Poland, 1648), 82 in World War 1,21 Christian visitors to Palestine, 126, 130, youth acculmration to life of, 160 133, 135 youth movements in, 90 (see also youth cities, 122, 123 organizations and smdents) architecmre of, 91, 112, 118 see also diaspora Zionists; Eastern as focal points of Zionist initiative, 107, European Jewry; Western Jewry 109-18, 137, 138 diaspora Zionists, 6, 194-95 modernization of, 94 and Arab--Jewish relations, 89-90 "social conscience" of, 118 Einstein's support of, 48, 54 tourist visits to, 128, 135, 142-43 and fundraising, 77, 90, 105, 185 see also Haifa; Jerusalem; Tel Aviv and self-government, 192 Clash of Heroes, A (Ben Halpern), 59 and social services, 118 Cohen, Smart, 160 tourism and, 127, 143 (see also tourism) collectives (Kevutsot [kvutzah], Kibutsim, Djemal Pascha, 83 Mosh~vot), 94, 99, 102, i35, 142, Dreyfus case, 42 196 Dugdale, Blanche, 29, 30, 32 Lindheim settles on, 195 see also Ifalutsim (pioneers) Eastern European Jewry communism, 11,94, 102 Americans, 70 conferences and conventions and "collectivist programs," 59 Cleveland (1921), 65--66 economic conditions of, 13, 82, 177 Jewish Women's Organizations fight for rights of, 171 (Manchester, 1909), 182-83 "Gennan Jews" versus "Americanism," London (1921), 64 53,59-60,71,74, 151 Philadelphia (1925), 185, 187 as immigrants to Gennany, 53, 155 Pittsburgh (1928), 69, 70 in Pale of Settlement, 13-14 Congresses, World Zionist, 130, 196 in Palestine, as refugees or immigrants, First (Basel, 1897), 38 124, 165, 197 Fifth (Basel, 1901),95 "metamorphosis" of, 99 Thirteenth (Carlsbad, 1923),79 pogroms against, 20, 82,104,182 Fifteenth (Basel, 1927), 67-68 relief assistance to, 85, 87 Conservative Jewry (in the United States), as scapegoats, 54 173 Weizmann and Sokolow as Cook, Thomas, Ltd., 128, 129-32, 141, representatives of, 35, 38, 40, 70, 142 74 Crimean settlement, 57 women, 13-15, 177, 180, 183 Culler, Jonathan, 125 Zionist ties to Western Jewry, 200 Cunard Line, 131 see also Russian Empire Czechoslovakia, 205n6 economic conditions, 84 concealment of, 16 Damascus cemetery, 83 of Eastern and Central European Jews, de Haas, Jacob, 42, 43, 44 13,82, 177 de Lieme, Nehemia, 61 and fundraising, 50,72,81,90 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47087-2 - Western Jewry and the Zionist Project, 1914–1933 Michael Berkowitz Index More information Index 295 Great Depression, 50,81,90, 125 fundraising individualism, Jewish propensity for, Arab riots and, 57, 80, 89 89 British, 75, 80, 88 stock market crash, 72, 81 catastrophe and, 57,77-90 education, see intellectual life charity/relief versus nation-building, 6, Egremont, Max, 29 58,75,77,78,84-87,121,175, Egypt, tours/pilgrimages to, 127, 128, 129 190--91 Einstein, Albert, 140, 172 consolidation of, 57 as hero of Zionist movement, 26, 27, criticism of efforts, 58-59, 61-69, 48-55, 197 74-76,85-86,90 Einstein Forest (Palestine), 50 seen as treason, 69-70, 189 Eksteins, Modris, 16 diaspora Jews and, 4, 77, 80--81, 89, 90, Elam, Yigal, 3, 61 105,185, 190, 198, 220n28 Elon, Amos, 136 economic conditions and, 50, 72, 81, 90 England, see Britain Einstein and, 50 English Zionist Federation, 75, 88, 160 "Emergency Funds," 80, 86
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