Of the 27Th ZIONIST CONGRESS

Home , Aaron Frenkel, Aharon Becker, Baruch Zuckerman, Chaim Levanon, Ehud Avriel, Eliyahu Dobkin

RESOLUTIONS of the 27th ZIONIST CONGRESS

with A Summary of the Proceedings and the Composition of the Congress

Jerusalem June 9-19, 1968

ORGANIZATION AND INFORMATION DEPARTMENT qsnt OF THE ZIONIST EXECUTIVE

/ lUV rHE AMERICAN JEWKH COMMIE Blaustein Library RESOLUTIONS of the 27th ZIONIST CONGRESS

with

A Summary of the Proceedings and the Composition of the Congress

Jerusalem June 9-19, 1968

JERUSALEM 1968 Printed under the supervision of the Publishing Department of the Jewish Agency by The Jerusalem Post Press, Jerusalem

Translated from the Hebrew Original

Printed in Israel CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION I. Congress Proceedings 5 II. The Date and Composition of Congress 11

RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS A. The Zionist Programme 17 B. Political Matters 17 C. Immigration and Absorption 22 D. Structure of the Movement 28 E. Legislative Matters 32 F. Organizational Affairs 35 G. Agricultural Settlement and Land Development 38 H. Youth 40 I. Education 44 J. Budget, Finance and Control 47 K. Funds 48 L. Elections 49

LIST OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Members of Congress with Voting Rights Delegates 59 Deputy-Delegates appointed during Congress 64 Delegates of Youth Movements, Students and Aliya Movements 65 Members of Congress without Voting Rights Members of the Zionist General Council 66 Hamercaz Hachofshi 67 Representatives of Communities and Organizations 67 Representatives of Zionist Federations 68 Representatives of Emergency Campaigns 68 Legal Officers who attended Congress 68 INTRODUCTION

I. CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS

The Twenty-seventh Zionist Congress was held in the National Conven- tion Centre ("Binyanei Ha'ooma") in Jerusalem on June 9—19, 1968. On the day Congress opened all participants, including the President of the World Zionist Organization and the Chairman of the Zionist General Council, made the pilgrimage to the Western Wall, where they took part in the Minha prayer. Chief Rabbi I. Y. Unterman also attended. From the Wall the delegates made their way to Mount Herzl to lay a wreath on the Tomb of the Seer of the Jewish State. The El Maleh Rahamim prayer was recited in Herzl's memory. The festive inauguration session of Congress took place on Sunday, June 9, at 8.30 in the evening. Delegates, visitors and guests who filled the hall numbered over three thousand. Among those present were the Prime Minister, the President of the World Zionist Organization, the Speaker of the Knesset, the President of the Supreme Court, the Chief Rabbi, the Chairman of the Zionist Executive, the Chairman of the Zionist General Council, the Chairman of the Zionist Executive in New York, and the Mayor of Jerusalem. Immediately prior to the commence- ment of the proceedings a fanfare of trumpets heralded the arrival of the President of the State of Israel, Mr. Zalman Shazar, and the national anthem, Hatikva, was sung. The theme of the first part of the opening session was the seventieth anniversary of the First Zionist Congress and the twentieth anniversary of the State of Israel. A pageant "The Standard and the Flag" was staged and Yizkor was recited by Yehoshua Bertonov, doyen of Israel actors. Accompanied by music and song, with suitable explanatory re- marks by Moshe Hovav, standard bearers—carrying the flags of Herzl and of the First Zionist Congress, of Gedera and Hashomer, of the Jewish Legions and Hechalutz, of the Ghettos and of the Jewish Bri- gade, of Maapilim and Fighters, banners of villages which had bravely faced the attacks of their neighbours, flags of different communities, of Youth Aliya, of Nahal Oz and Zur Nathan, flags of the three wars the State of Israel has been compelled to fight, and the flag of the Old City—marched onto the stage. After the conclusion of the pageant, the President of the State and the President of the World Zionist Organization took their places on the stage. Dr. Goldmann welcomed the diplomats and other foreign 5 representatives present. The President, Mr. Zalman Shazar, then addressed Congress, and he was followed by Dr. Nahum Goldmann. The second session was held on the following morning, and was opened by Mr. Louis A. Pincus, Chairman of the Zionist Executive. The Chairman of the Congress Tribunal, Justice Moshe Landau, reported on the composition of Congress. Mr. Jacob Tsur, Chairman of the Zionist General Council, then submitted the following proposal for membership of the Presidium: President of Congress: Dr. Nahum Goldmann Members: Jacob Amit Mrs. Golda Meir, M.K. Victor Benveniste Najman Radzichovski Joseph Daleski Joseph Serlin, M.K. Chaim Finkelstein Max Starkman Dr. Miriam Freund Rabbi Katriel Tchursh Dr. Hannah Gelber Jacob Tsur Sir Barnett Janner Herman Weisman Jacob Katzman Rabbi Tsemach Menachem Raphael Kotlowitz Zambrowsky

The proposal was approved by Congress. The Presidium resolved to coopt Messrs. Mordechai Blanche and Allen Hoffman as representatives of the Youth Movements, Mike Hunter (later replaced by Bertil Zaudy) as representative of the students and Dr. Judith Diesendruk as representative of the Aliya Move- ment. Mr. L. A. Pincus, Chairman of the Zionist Executive, then spoke on the activities and future programme of the Executive. After the Mayor of Jerusalem, Mr. Teddy Kollek, had welcomed the delegates and guests on behalf of the city, the General Debate was launched. The first two speakers were I. Korn and M. Krone. The third session, held on the same day in the afternoon, was devoted to the continuation of the General Debate. The speakers included: E. Tennenbaum, Dr. R. Fresco, Dr. I. Goldstein, Rabbi H. Shacter, M. Tsur, R. Levi, I. Tabenkin, Rabbi S. M. Zambrowsky, and Judge Dr. J. Lamm. During the fourth session held on Monday, June 10, in the evening, Dr. Nahum Goldmann eulogized the memory of the late Moshe Sha- rett. Later Congress was addressed by the Prime Minister, Mr. Levi Eshkol. It was at this session that Congress elected its Standing Committee, made up of the following members: Joseph Bankower, Paul L. Goldman, Dr. Haim Doron, Mrs. Senta Joseph- 6 tal, Dr. Schneier Levenberg, Zvi Fainguersh, Mrs. Rose Kaufman, Aryeh Leon Kronitz, Professor Ezra Spicehandler—-the Zionist Labour Movement; Yoshua Auerbach, Marcos Daien Joseph Weinberg, Rabbi I. Usher Kirsh- blum, Adv. Avraham Tory—Union of General Zionists; Mrs. Charlotte Jacobson, Meilich Topiol, Kalman Sultanik, Max Furman-—the Confedera- tion of General Zionists; Rabbi Yehuda Ellinson, Bezalel Bazak, Rabbi Dr. Bernard Bergman and Avraham Melamed—Mizrachi; Matityahu Drobles, Harry Levi, and Yaacov Eliezer Tavin—Herut; Reuben Arzi, M.K., and Mrs. Chaika Grosman—Mapam; Mrs. Raya Jaglom—WIZO. The Committee was authorized to coopt representatives of the Youth and Students Delegations. The General Debate continued throughout the fifth and sixth sessions, in the morning and afternoon respectively of June 11, the following taking part: P. Schindler, Rabbi L.I. Rabinowitz, M. Weintreter, A. Tiefenbrun, J. Hazan, Dr. Hanna Kessler, Dr. E. Neumann, Mrs. Rose Halprin, M. Fiedler, J. Lauterstein, P. Cruso, D. Yutan, C. Hadad, Rabbi M. Kirsh- blum, Z. Fainguersh, Sir Barnett Janner, R. Aron, and Rabbi P. Levowitz. The sixth session concluded with the election of the following six committees: (1) Committee for Immigration and Absorption (including the Aliya Movement) Chairman—Mrs. R. Matzkin. (2) Committee for the Zionist Organization: Chairman—J. Torczyner. (3) Committee for Education and Youth: Chairman—S. Ariav. (4) Committee for Political Affairs: Chairman—Dr. S. Levenberg. (5) Committee for Budget and Campaigns: Chairman—H. Hollander. (6) Committee for Agricultural Settlement and Land Development: Chairman—S. Rosen, M.K. During the seventh session, held in the evening of Tuesday, June 11, the General Debate came to an end, the last speaker being Dr. M. Nussbaum. Dr. N. Goldmann and Mr. Louis A. Pincus replied to the debate. Representatives of the various Settlers Associations in Israel took part in the meetings of the Committee on Immigration and Absorption, at the invitation of the Zionist Executive. The eighth session, held on Wednesday, June 12, was devoted to the Six Day War. Against a specially designed backdrop, an Army troupe performed and sang. In the intervals, Congress was addressed by: Mr. L. A. Pincus, Lt. General Haim Barlev, Chief of Staff of the Israeli Defense Army, Rabbi Herbert Friedman, A. Roffman, Dr. V. Wyler, and Dr. A. Perlman. On Thursday afternoon, June 13, Dr. N. Goldmann tendered a reception to all those taking part in Congress. The ninth session, held in the evening of the same day, was devoted to the subject of the fund-raising drives. The session was opened and closed by Dr. I. Goldstein. Among those who addressed the session

7 were P. Sapir, Minister of Finance, and the following representatives of the funds: M. M. Fischer, H. Morrison, Dr. H. Swarsensky, M. Topiol, L. Harris, and Justice I. A. Maisels. On Friday, June 14, a delegation representing the Presidium of Con- gress planted a tree on Mount Herzl, after which it laid a wreath on the grave of Israel's Unknown Soldier. During the tenth session, held on Saturday evening, June 15, Mr. B. Weinstein eulogized departed Zionist leaders who had died in the interval which had elapsed since the previous Congress. He was followed by Mr. Abba Eban, Israel's Foreign Minister, who spoke on Israel's foreign policy. It was at this session that Congress resolved to grant full rights at the 27th Congress to members of the Youth delegation, the Students and the Aliya Movement. The recommendations of the Committee on Immigration and Ab- sorption were submitted to the eleventh session held on Sunday, June 16, in the afternoon. The draft resolutions were submitted by the Com- mittee's Chairman, Mrs. R. Matzkin. Participants in the debate included: S. Z. Shragai, Mrs. R. Kaufman, E. Glasserman and Rabbi Dr. B. Bergman. The delegates then proceeded to the Kirya Gardens where they were guests at a reception tendered by the President of the State of Israel. During the twelfth session, held on Sunday, June 16, Yigal Allon, Minister of Labour and Deputy-Chairman of the Joint Government and Jewish Agency Authority for Immigration and Absorption, addressed Congress. It was at this session that a proposal to set up a special body to deal with students' affairs was passed. The following members of the Students, Youth Delegation and Aliya Movement spoke: N. Lewis, E. Kaufman, J. Philips, M. Tsur, A. Tiefenbrun, S. Shreter. Mr. Louis A. Pincus, Chairman of the Executive, replied. The thirteenth session, held on the following morning, was devoted to a continuation of the debate on the proposals of the Committee on Immigration and Absorption. The following took part: J. Hayman, M. Arnon, J. Eliasov, J. Leszcz, Mrs. R. Katz, G. Weill, J. Shapira, I. Stolarsky, Rabbi J. Smidman, P. Shumanksi, Mrs. G. Hav- kin, J. Israeli, Joseph Sapir, Minister without Portfolio in the Israel Government, I. Artzi, A. Hasson, A. Haberman, E. Goelman and D. Weiner. In the afternoon, the fourteenth session was held. At this session the debate concluded, the following participating: J. Weinberg, M. Gold- berg, Mrs. R. Matzkin, and resolutions on immigration and absorption were passed. The Chairman of the Education and Youth Committee, S. Ariav, submitted the proposals of his committee. In the debate took part: 8 C. Finkelstein, A. Hasson, Rabbi Gziperstein, E. Dobkin, M. Tsur, L. Sacks, Z. Orenstein, Mrs. Z. Amidror, Mrs. A. Jamitovski, L. Rubinstein, Rabbi J. S. Shubow, Mrs. A. Leifer, B. Frymer, M. Ness-El, Mrs. M. Liff, and A. Even. During the fifteenth session, on Monday June 17, in the evening, J. Amit eulogized the late Zvi Lurie, Member of the Executive and Head of the Organization Department, who died shortly before Con- gress convened. The Chairman of the special Sub-Committee, S. L. Shipton, submitted the proposal to set up an Aliya Movement. In the ensuing discussion, the following took part: T. Gryn, M. Tsur, J. Halprin, L. Mansbach, M. Roth, S. Peres, L. A. Pincus, D. Silk and M. Blanche. During the sixteenth session, held on Tuesday morning, discussion on the proposals of the Committee on Education and Youth concluded. The following participated: J. Paz, J. Weiner, M. Tsur, M. Ziporen, N. Feingold, S. Avizemer, J. Pinhasi, D. Beit-Aryeh, S. Ariav, Dr. M. A. Kurz, L. A. Pincus, M. Blanche, S. Shwartzman, R. Werber, H. Maranz, S. Lerman, L. Aharoni, A. Hoffman, I. Harcavi and J. Weiner. After the conclusion of the debate the resolutions were passed. At the seventeenth session, held in the afternoon of Tuesday, June 18, resolutions on the proposals put forward by the Committee on the Zionist Organization—presented by the Chairman of the Committee, J. Torczyner—were passed. The following took part in the debate: L. A. Pincus, J. Tsur, M. Kitron, Y. Auerbach, N. Jacobson, H. Hurwitz, Dr. N. Elati, B. Shamir, G. Hausmann and R. Kotlowitz. The eighteenth and final session of the Twenty-seventh Zionist Con- gress commenced on Tuesday evening and concluded at three o'clock on the following morning. During the first part of this session S. Rosen, M.K., Chairman of the Committee on Agricultural Settlement and Land Development, H. Hollander, Chairman of the Committee on the Budget and Campaigns, and the Vice-Chairman of the latter Com- mittee, submitted the proposals of their Committees, which were passed unanimously and without debate. The second part of the session was held under the Chairmanship of Dr. N. Goldmann. Dr. S. Levenberg, Chairman of the Political Committee, presented the proposals of his Committee, which were passed after a short debate. The Chairman of the special Sub-Committee, H. Faine presented the Jerusalem Programme 1968, which was endorsed unanimously, delegates rising to their feet to express their approval. The proposals of the Standing Committee were passed after many amendments had been tabled and after extended procedural discussions. Congress elected Louis A. Pincus as Chairman of the Zionist Executive, and an Executive of thirteen members. 9 Congress also elected the Members of the Zionist General Council, the Chairman of the Congress Tribunal and his deputies, the Attorney of the World Zionist Organization and his deputies, the Members of the Congress Tribunal and the Comptroller of the Jewish Agency—The Zionist Organization. Mr. Jacob Tsur, who was in the chair, closed the Twenty-seventh Zionist Congress, which concluded with the singing of "Hatikva."

10 II. THE DATE AND COMPOSITION OF CONGRESS

a. Date of Congress After the Six Day War it became increasingly clear that one should not wait for the statutory four years before convening Congress again, and that it should meet as soon as possible in view of the changed situation and the new tasks confronting the State of Israel and the Zionist Organization. The Zionist General Council conducted a poll among its members in August—September 1967 with a view to receiving their endorsement of the Executive's proposal that Congress should convene in Jerusalem on February 19, 1968. It soon transpired, however, that this date did not allow sufficient time for the necessary preparatory work, especially in regard to the proposals for the structural reorganization of the Zionist Movement, which had been the subject of public discussion in many countries. The General Council, accordingly, acting on a proposal of the Executive, conducted another poll among its members in December 1967, with a view to changing the date of Congress to June 9, 1968. Since the interval between Congresses did not exceed the statutory four years—in effect it was less than three and a half—the change proposed did not constitute a "postponement" of Congress, under the provisions of Article 16 of the Constitution, and thus there was no need for recourse to the machinery provided for in that Article. b. Legal Basis of Congress Congress having been convened not after the statutory interval of four years—as set forth above—but many months earlier, it was not possible to conduct the Shekel Drive, and to hold elections in accordance with the Constitution (the Drive and the preliminary work require at least twelve months), and it was found necessary to promulgate special Regulations for the convening of Congress. The Zionist General Council, accordingly, in the poll referred to —August—September 1967—in keeping with Article 64 of the Consti- tution, and in pursuance with Resolution No. 18 (a) (hh) passed by the Twenty-sixth Zionist Congress, authorizing the General Council to amend the Constitution, decided that Articles 17 to 24 of the Constitu- tion should not apply to the Twenty-seventh Congress, and that its composition be determined by special Regulations. 11 The following are the principles underlying the "Regulations of the Zionist General Council regarding the composition of the Twenty- seventh Zionist Congress" approved in the poll referred to: The geographical and party composition of the Twenty-seventh Con- gress shall be identical with that of the Twenty-sixth Congress, and in accordance with the affiliation of delegates to Congress-Groupings at the conclusion of the Twenty-sixth Congress. Thus, while in respect of the parties and countries represented the Twenty-seventh Congress was to be, in a sense, a "facsimile" of the preceding Congress, in respect of personal composition this was not so. Not only could the parties and organizations send delegates who had not represented them at the previous Congress, but the Zionist Ex- ecutive and the Presidium of the Zionist General Council even urged them to appoint new and younger representatives with a view to ensuring the reinvigoration of the Movement. The composition of the delegations was entrusted to the boards of the Zionist Territorial Organizations. In three countries in which where is no Zionist Territorial Organization embracing all Zionist bodies which sent delegates to the Twenty-sixth Congress (that is, Israel, the United States and Great Britain), composition of the delegation to Congress was placed in the hands of a special committee, modelled on the "Central Election Boards" (set up according to Rule 1 of the Rules for the Elections to Zionist Congress). The various parties of each country were given the same representation, within the Congress delegation concerned, that they enjoyed at the Twenty-sixth Congress. The Congress Tribunal was empowered to scrutinize the representation of each electoral area as well as that of the World Lists, and also the representation of WIZO. It was laid down that the Rules for the Election of Delegates to the Zionist Con- gress and the provisions of other enactments apply, mutatis mutandis, to the composition of the Twenty-seventh Congress, wherever any question should arise not dealt with under the special Regulations already referred to. For the avoidance of any doubt, the Regulations of the Zionist General Council governing the composition of Congress, which, as already stated, had been approved in the poll conducted among members of the Council, were re-affirmed unanimously by a Session of the General Council held prior to Congress, on June 9, 1968. c. The number of delegates 644 delegates with full voting rights attended Congress. Of these 507 represented various countries, 12 were WIZO delegates, 7 were representatives of world lists, 80 members of the Youth List, 18 members of the Aliya Movement, and 20 members of the World Union of Jewish Students and of the Zionist Students Organization in the U.S.A. 12 In regard to representation of the various countries the Regulations of the Zionist General Council laid down that 190 delegates would represent Israel, and 145 the United States. The two countries were indeed represented at Congress by delegations of these numbers. The other countries of the Diaspora, however, did not send the 175 delegates allocated to them but only 172, as Ireland, which was entitled to a delegate did not send one, while Cuba which was entitled to two delegates did not send them. The number of countries represented at Congress was 29, as against 31 at the previous Congress. As at the Twenty-sixth Congress, WIZO sent a delegation of twelve representatives. There was no change in the number of delegates of the World Lists, namely seven. d. Delegations of the Aliya Movement, the Youth and the Students A far-reaching innovation was the participation of representatives of the Aliya Movement, the Youth Movements in Israel and other countries, the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS) and the Zionist Students Organization in the USA, which were invited to Congress by the Executive in an advisory capacity. Congress resolved on June 10 to grant voting and all other delegates' privileges to members of the above mentioned delegations in keeping with Resolutions Nos. 60, 61, 62. These resolutions laid down that these representatives will constitute Congress Groupings with the proviso that members of these Groupings could not withdraw from them, could not join any other grouping nor establish a new one. It was also resolved that members of the Aliya Movement and of the Youth Delegation should not take part in any elections under Article 14a of the Constitution, or vote on any personal matters. The table on pages 15-16 gives a breakdown of representation at Congress according to countries and parties. e. Representatives of Communities and Organizations The Executive invited international Jewish organizations, Com- munities and other territorial bodies to participate in the Twenty-seventh Zionist Congress in an advisory capacity. Representatives of the Bnei Brith, the Joint, the Standing Conference of European Jewish Community Services and the World Jewish Congress took part in Congress. Other communal organizations from Australia, Argentine, the United States, Great Britain, South Africa, Mexico, France and Switzerland, also participated in Congress. A detailed list is printed on page 66.

13 f. Number of Participants in Recent Congresses The following table shows participation in the Twenty-seventh Zionist Congress with comparative figures for the four previous Congresses held in Jerusalem, namely from the Twenty-third Zionist Congress held in 1951.

Participants 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th

Delegates with full voting rights 446 496 521 529 644 Delegates without voting rights: Members of the Zionist General Council 96 105 112 92 97 Representatives of Communities,

Organizations, etc. — 7 41 177 47

Total 542 608 674 798 788

g. Representation at Congress according to Parties 644 delegates present at Congress with full voting rights were affiliated to ten different Congress Groupings, composed, in keeping with Article 7 of the Rules of Congress, of no less than twelve delegates and of two unaffiliated delegates. The following list shows the state at the close of Congress. In regard to the status of the Aliya, the Youth and Students Groupings see page 12.

Percent, of No. of Delegates excl. Percentage No. of WIZO, Youth. of total No. Party Delegates Students, of Delegates Aliya Mov. and unaffiliated

Zionist Labour Movt. 179 27.79 34.96 World Union of General Zionists 94 14.60 18.36 World Confed. of General Zionists 83 12.89 16.21 Mizrachi-Hapoel Hamizrachi 69 10.71 13.48 World Union of Herut-Hatzohar 53 8.23 10.35 United Workers Party (Mapam) 34 5.28 6.64 WIZO 12 1.86 — Youth List 80 12.42 — WUJS 20 3.11 — Aliya Movement 18 2.80 — Unaffiliated 2 0.31 —

Total 644 100.00 100.00

14 COMPOSITION OF CONGRESS ACCORDING TO COUNTRIES AND PARTIES Independents, World WIZO, World Union Unaffiliated, World World Mizrachi Confede- Union of Aliyah Zionist Union Hapoel No. of ration of of United Movements No. Country Labour of Hamizrachi Delegates General Herut— Workers Youth Movement General Organization Zionists Zionists Hatzohar Party Delegation, (Mapam ) Students Delegation 1. Argentine 26 14 5 2 2 3 — 2. Australia 6 1 2* 1* 1 1 — — 3. Austria 3 1 1 — 1 — — — 1 1 1 ׳— Belgium 6 2 1 .4 — י— — — — Bolivia 1 — 1 .5 6. Brazil 9 4 2 — — 1 2 — 7. Canada 16 5 — 6 3 1 1 — 8. Chile 5 2 2 — — — 1 — — 9. Colombia 1 — — 1 — — — 10. Cuba *** — — — — — — — — 11. Denmark 1 — 1 — — — — 12. Britain 26 7 — 11 7 1 — 13. France 17 5 2 4 3 1 1 1 ** I** — 14. Germany 2 1 — — — — — — — 1 — ׳— Greece 1 .15 — — — 1 2 ׳— Holland 4 1 .16 17. India 1 —, — 1 — —1 — 18. Israel 190 91 31 — 22 31 15 — 19. Italy 5 1 — 1 1 1 1 — 20. Mexico 6 1 2 — 1 1 1 — 21. New Zealand 1 — 1 — — — — 1 1 — — 2 י— — Other countries 6 3 .22 1 — 1 — — — — י— Peru .23 24. Rhodesia 1 — 1 — — — — 25. South Africa 12 3 — 5 1 3 — — 26. Sweden 3 1 — 1 1 — — — — 1 — 1 ׳— 1 1 י— Switzerland 4 .27 28. U.S.A. 145 34 36 44 19 7 5 — 29. Uruguay 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 30. Venezuela 1 —• 1 — — — — — 12 31. WIZO 12 — — — — ׳— 32. World Lists 7 — 1 3 1 2 — — 80 י— — — — Youth Grouping 80 .33 18 34. Aliyah Movement 18 — — — — — — — 20 35. Students Grouping 20 — — — — — Total 644 179 94 83 69 53 34 132 See notes on next page. NOTES: (a) With two exceptions only (see the notes below) the party composition of Congress did not change at all from its opening, for which reason the table indicates only the composition at the end of Congress. (b) Representatives of the Aliyah Movement, the Youth and the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS) were recognized as delegates with voting rights in accordance with Congress Resolution of June 10, 1968, which laid down that they would constitute independent groupings. At the time, it was resolved that no members of these lists could resign from them, nor join any other grouping or participate in the establishment of a new one. In respect of the Aliyah Movement and the Youth it was resolved that they would not participate in elections under Article 14a of the Constitution, and would not vote on any personal matters. (c) Ireland was entitled to one mandate (of an unaffiliated delegate) but no delegate was appointed by the Irish Zionist Council, and Ireland remained unrepresented at Congress. (*) One delegate of the World Union of the General Zionists resigned his party, declaring himself unaffiliated and finally joining the World Confederation of the General Zionists. (**) A delegate of the Labour Movement resigned from his party towards the close of Congress, joining the World Confederation of General Zionists. (***) The Congress Tribunal approved one mandate each for the Zionist Labour Movement and the United Workers Party, but these were not taken up as no delegates or deputy delegates put in an appearance.

16 RESOLUTIONS OF THE CONGRESS

A. THE ZIONIST PROGRAMME

1. The 1968 Jerusalem Programme The aims of Zionism are: The unity of the Jewish people and the centrality of Israel in Jewish life; The ingathering of the Jewish people in its historic homeland Eretz Israel through Aliya from all countries; The strengthening of the State of Israel which is based on the prophetic vision of justice and peace; The preservation of the identity of the Jewish people through the fostering of Jewish and Hebrew education and of Jewish spiritual and cultural values; The protection of Jewish rights everywhere.

B. POLITICAL MATTERS

2. Jerusalem Re-united The 27th Zionist Congress has met in united Jerusalem, the Holy City, the Eternal Capital of Israel, the focal point in the lives of the Jewish people. Its deliberations and resolutions were permeated with spiritual exaltation and a sense of responsibility in the city which has moulded the image of the Jewish people throughout the ages and has served as a source of inspiration to all humanity. For twenty years Jerusalem was riven, after part of the city fell into Arab hands. The city was divided by barricades; there were numerous incidents of murder from its walls, destruction and desecration of the Jewish Holy Places which Jews were forcibly prevented from visiting. All this violated the sanctity of Jerusalem. Congress congratulates the liberators of Jerusalem who, by their courage, inaugurated a new era in the history of the City of Peace, and restored to it its former glory.

3. The Six Day War, the Result of Arab Aggression The Six Day War was forced upon Israel by its neighbours who concluded aggression pacts, concentrated large bodies of troops on 17 its borders, expelled the United Nations Emergency Force, blockaded the Straits of Tiran and openly declared their intention of attacking and destroying Israel.

4. Tribute to the Fallen and Greetings to the Army and People of Israel The Zionist Congress pays tribute to the memory of the soldiers of the Israel Defence Army who gave their lives to defend the homeland; future generations will draw inspiration from their heroism. The Zionist Movement sends its condolences to the bereaved families. The Congress salutes the Israel Defence Army and the entire people dwelling in Zion for the heroic stand and the brilliant victory in the War of Defence and Redemption in the year 1967.

5. Freedom of Access to the Holy Places Congress notes with satisfaction the policy of the Government of Israel to recognize the right of members of all faiths to freedom of access to their Holy Places and to autonomous administration of the Holy Places through arrangements ensuring cooperation with the religious bodies concerned.

6. Peace through Direct Negotiations Congress declares that peace is a vital necessity for the peoples of the Middle East and the whole world, and that this peace will only be achieved through direct negotiations between Israel and the Arab countries. The refusal of the Arabs to conduct such negotiations with Israel is tantamount to preventing a true and lasting peace.

7. Arms for the Defence of Israel In the absence of any international agreement to limit the arms race in the Middle East and in view of the rapid rearmament of the Arab states with the aid of the Soviet Union and other countries, and the proclaimed intention of the Arabs to renew the war against Israel, the Zionist Congress calls upon peace-loving nations to supply Israel with defensive weapons, in order to reinforce its ability to defend itself, deter aggression, and thus help to preserve peace in the area.

8. The Plight of Jews in Arab Countries Congress expresses its deep concern at the situation of the remnants of the Jewish communities in the Arab countries and especially in Syria, Iraq and Egypt; Jews in these countries are the victims of incitement and repression. Hundreds of family-heads have been im- prisoned without cause. Regulations have been promulgated which run contrary to the principles contained in the Declaration of Human 18 Rights. Jews are subject to discrimination, are deprived of their pro- perty and livelihood, and are not allowed to leave their countries of residence. Congress appeals to the nations of the world and the International Organizations concerned to act to restore the rights of these Jews and to ensure their freedom to emigrate.

9. The Arab Boycott The Arab boycott, which aspires to extend its sphere of influence, is an integral part of the campaign against Israel. This boycott con- travenes freedom of international trade and commerce and undermines the basis of cooperation between nations. The Zionist Congress urges governments, economic organizations and commercial enterprises not to submit to pressure and blackmail by the Arab Boycott Office. Diaspora Jewry is called upon to take an active part in this struggle against the Arab boycott.

10. Support of Peace Efforts The Zionist Congress welcomes every effort to alleviate world tension and foster coexistence and international cooperation in the Middle East and the world at large. Congress voices its appreciation of the efforts of the Israel Govern- ment and the people in Zion to strive for peace in the Middle East and throughout the world, and calls upon the Zionist Movement to extend every assistance in these endeavours.

11. Soviet and Polish Jewry (a) Congress views with deep concern the recent deterioration in the condition of the Jews in the Soviet Union and Poland. (b) In the USSR, since the Six Day War, there has been an unre- strained campaign of slander and incitement against Israel and the Zionist Movement. The Soviet authorities have totally halted the trickle of exit permits, which were sporadically granted, up to June 1967, to Jews who wished to join their families in Israel. Congress regards this anti-Jewish and anti-Israel campaign as a grave threat to the status and security of the Jewish community in the Soviet Union. Congress welcomes with pride and satisfaction the widespread manifestations of Jewish consciousness amongst Soviet Jewry, and especially the growing identification of many of the youth with their Jewish heritage. (c) Congress appeals to the Soviet Government: 19 -To change its attitude towards Israel and the Jewish commu —י nity in the Soviet Union; — To put an end to the campaign of slander and misrepresenta- tion against the State of Israel and the Zionist Movement, and to permit the reunification of Jewish families; — To grant to every Jew who so desires the right to settle in the birthplace of his people, and to honour Prime Minister Kosy- gin's promise to permit the reunification of Jewish families by granting them exit permits to Israel; — To permit Russian Jewry to exercise the full rights of a national and religious group so that they may live their own cultural and religious lives and transmit their language and national heritage to their children. (d) Congress demands that the Jews of the Soviet Union and their religious representatives be allowed to maintain contact with Jewish general and religious organizations throughout the world. (e) The Jewish people and the entire civilized world are shocked and grieved at the renewal in Poland of the anti-Semitic practice of exploiting the Jews as a pawn in internal political conflicts. Congress appeals to the Government of Poland to wipe out the stain of the revival of official anti-Semitism, and to demonstrate understanding towards the needs and aspirations of the Jewish community. (f) Congress calls upon all members, sections and institutions of the Zionist Movement to work unceasingly for the fulfilment of these demands, and to enlist to this end the support of all lovers of peace throughout the world.

12. Racial Hatred and Anti-Semitism Congress views with anxiety the increase in racial tension, which constitutes a danger to world peace. Congress expresses its profound anxiety at the growth of anti-Se- mitism in various countries, and especially of neo-Nazism in Germany. Congress calls upon world Jewry and men of goodwill throughout the world to be on the alert and to fight racial hatred and anti- Jewish discrimination, which constitute a threat to democracy, liberty and peace.

13. Punishment of Nazi Crimes Congress calls upon the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany to abrogate the Statute of Limitations on Nazi Crimes and to continue to bring Nazi criminals to justice. Congress is of the opinion that the lenient sentences passed on the 20 murderers of the Jewish people have stimulated the revival of neo- Nazism in Germany.

14. Attempts of Defamation of Israel and Zionism Zionism is the national liberation movement of the Jewish people. Since its inception it has been in the vanguard of progress and has always striven to achieve its aims in a spirit of peace and goodwill towards all the peoples of the world—especially the Arab peoples of the Middle East. Congress categorically repudiates the hostile propaganda conducted by the governments of the Arab States, as well as by neo-Nazi groups and certain Communist movements, defaming the State of Israel and the Zionist Movement. It regards the attempt to make a distinction between Zionism and the Jewish people as a malicious attempt to mislead world public opinion.

15. Intensification of Information Activity and Strengthening of Public Relations Machinery Congress urges the Zionist Executive: (a) To intensify its information activity in order to present Israel to world public opinion in its true light as a peace-loving nation, dedicated to progress and international cooperation, and Zionism as the national liberation movement of the Jewish people; (b) To strengthen its public relations machinery and to assist Zionist bodies engaged in the effort to win over public opinion, and to set up new machinery wherever it does not exist; (c) To train workers in the field of public relations and ensure that the emissaries (Shlichim) of the Zionist Movement play their part in this work; (d) To intensify its information work, utilizing modern methods and information media, among all sections of the Jewish people, in order to imbue it with the Zionist ideas and values. Congress emphasizes in particular the vital need for a far-reaching information campaign among the younger generation in Jewry, especially among the Jewish students, who are in the grip of ideological ferment and are seeking new challenges. Congress calls upon Zionist organizations to regard these activities as a central function of great and immediate urgency and importance. The local organizations, in cooperation with the Jewish communities, should designate suitable persons to undertake this work.

21 16. The Fostering of Ties of Friendship Between Israel and the Nations of the World Congress calls on the Executive: (a) To give aid and support to associations for friendship and cultural relations between citizens of Israel and of other countries, both in Israel and abroad, and to take the initiative in the establishment of additional associations and the expansion of the activities of those already in existence; (b) To maintain contact and to cooperate with non-governmental international organizations in Israel and the Diaspora; (c) To devote special attention to the efforts of Jewish students to maintain contact and explain their point of view to their colleagues in the universities. 17. Zionist Information in Israel Congress attaches special importance to the Zionist information campaigns in the State of Israel, both in the education system and through the agency of public and political organizations.

18. Establishment of a Special Political Publicity Committee Congress reaffirms the resolution adopted by the Zionist General Council in January 1967, as follows: The serious problems confronting the Jewish people in various parts of the world and the continuing problems affecting Israeli position and security call for increased vigilance and effective action by the Zionist Movement. The Zionist General Council notes the statements made by the President of the World Zionist Organization and the Chairman of the Executive favouring the establishment of a special committee, whose principal function would be to intensify Zionist awareness of these problems and activate the entire Movement more fully. The Council views this proposal with approval and recommends that the Executive study the feasibility of this proposal and that it report progress to the next Session of the Zionist General Council.

C. IMMIGRATION AND ABSORPTION

19. The Aliya Movement 1. The Aliya Movement shall be the framework for prospective Olim among the Jews in the Diaspora. 2. Convinced that large-scale Aliya from the West can be achieved, Congress recognizes that: (a) The major purpose of the Aliya Movement is to unite and or- 22 ganize individuals and groups who desire to go on Aliya, in order to enable them to give practical expression to their aspiration. The Executive of the World Zionist Organization, the Territorial and other Zionist Organizations and the Shlichim of all departments working in the Diaspora shall extend all assistance towards this end. (b) It shall be the duty of the individual Aliya groups, whilst still in the Diaspora, to promote Aliya on a personal basis among those still uncommitted. (c) Shlichim shall be seconded specifically to work with the Aliya Movements. They shall be chosen for their ability and suitability —without reference to political affiliation—and preferably shall be Olim from the countries to which they are assigned. (d) The Aliya groups shall have access to an efficient information centre in Israel which shall, in conjunction with the Settlers' Associations, provide current, effective and comprehensive information. (e) It shall be the duty of each Zionist Territorial Organization to give priority to the financing of its Aliya Movement. 3. The Aliya Movement, though forming an integral part of the Zionist Organization, will be autonomous. 4. Any Jew committed to settling in Israel within three years will be eligible for membership in the Aliya Movement. 5. Membership in the Aliya Movement will be without regard to political or ideological affiliation. The Aliya Movement shall con- sist of local Aliya groups and Ghalutzic and other Gar'inim. 6. The Aliya Movement will assist its members in adapting their skills to the needs of Israel, and it will help its members to establish contact with colleagues in their professions in Israel, for strengthening their ties and exchanging information. 7. The Aliya Movement shall support the concept of a year of service in Israel for every Jewish young person. 8. The Aliya Movement will be represented on all elected Zionist bodies.

20. Measures for Encouragement of Aliya Congress charges the Executive to take all possible measures to create a large movement for Aliya in every type of community, making effective use of correct information concerning the economic and social f challenges of Israel. Congress further charges the Executive to create a widespread framework in the Diaspora for the promotion of Aliya of young people. Every Jewish family in the Diaspora should endeavour to be linked with Israel by the Aliya of at least one of its members.

23 21. Ministry of Integration and Division of Work Between Government and the Jewish Agency Congress welcomes the Government's decision to set up a Ministry of Integration. Congress takes note of the Prime Minister's announcement of the appointment of a Joint Committee of the Government and the Executive of the Jewish Agency to formulate a demarcation of the areas of work to be jointly performed by both participating agencies and of the ways each will adopt toward the execution of a successful programme of absorption.

22. Climate of Absorption Congress charges the Zionist Executive to take every possible step to assure a climate of absorption and appeals to the Government of the State of Israel to work towards the establishment of a creative new economic order in the country which will promote large-scale Aliya and complete absorption. Congress appeals to educational institutions and youth movements in Israel to heighten their awareness of and concern with the need for successful integration of immigrants among Israel youth and to harness youth and students to the effort for the successful absorption of immigrants in every field.

23. Shlichim for Aliya Congress charges the Executive to assure that Aliya Shlichim will be carefully selected on the basis of their qualifications and suitability for the country in which they will work. Women should also be appointed as Shlichot. Israel students studying abroad should be used in the development of activities in Jewish communities. Visits of professional men from Israel to the countries of the Diaspora should be utilized for the dissemination of correct information on possibilities in Israel in their respective fields of work.

24. Representatives of the Aliya Department Shlichim who are appointed to deal with Aliya matters will act on behalf of the Aliya Department of the Jewish Agency, which they will represent in the region. These Shlichim will participate fully in all decisions on problems pertaining to Aliya matters in cooperation with the Aliya Movement, local youth councils and Zionist organizations. In every locality in which there is no official representative of the Jewish Agency, Shlichim of the youth may be nominated to represent the Aliya Department in this field.

24 25. "Two-Year Service to the State" Scheme In view of the need for a significant increase in manpower essential to the growth, development and consolidation of the State, the Executive should call upon young people to immigrate in the framework of "Two- Year Service to the State". Congress recommends that the Ministries of Defence, Labour, Agriculture, Education and Culture, and others should participate in this programme.

26. Institutes of Higher Learning Congress calls on the Government of Israel and on the institutions of higher learning to continue to foster the expansion of colleges and Yeshivot of all levels to enable the acceptance in large numbers of students from abroad and to absorb students who are citizens of Israel in order to encourage pursuit of their studies in the State of Israel. Congress further proposes the establishment of an institute of the Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences for overseas students.

27. Youth Aliya (a) Congress calls on the Executive to increase its support of the Youth Aliya Department, in the fields of Aliya and absorption. Congress expresses its hope that the cooperation between the Gov- ernment and the Executive will become closer in order to expand the absorption facilities of the Youth Aliya Department. (b) Congress suggests that Youth Aliya absorb children of immigrants not on the basis of the length of their stay in the country, but on the basis of their social and economic conditions. (c) Congress urges the continued cooperation between kibbutzim and Youth Aliya and calls for the extension of agricultural education in the kibbutzim and youth villages together with the expansion of vocational and academic programmes in secondary education. (d) Congress sends its greetings and expresses its esteem to all those who support Youth Aliya and wishes to see the extension of their efforts in order that they may achieve their aims. (e) Congress suggests that Youth Aliya expand the existing educational scheme designed to enable 16-year olds from the Diaspora to complete their secondary studies as an additional motivation to Aliya and appeals to educational institutions in the Diaspora to lend their support to this activity. (f) Congress calls on Youth Aliya to translate its great educational rehabilitative experience into the language of scientific research which will contribute greatly to educational development in Israel and in the world generally.

25 28. Housing Congress recommends that the Government of Israel and its Minis- try of Housing promote the building of apartments of reasonable size for rent to Olim in every district of the State. This programme should include accommodation for single persons, housing for Olim in agricultural settlements, the construction of suitable rental flats in the centres of industry and employment to encourage Aliya, to enhance the Oleh's mobility and hasten his economic and professional integration. The Government and the Executive of the Jewish Agency should support housing projects developed by the Settlers' Associations both for rental and for purchase. It further calls on the authorities to make available facilities for private housing in order to give immigrants freedom of choice as to where and how they wish to live. Such projects should also be planned in the development areas.

29. Absorption Centres, Hostels and Ulpanim Congress calls for the placement of all Olim outside the framework of "Two-Year Service to the State" in absorption centres, hostels and Ulpanim during the first stages of absorption. Officials who deal directly with these immigrants shall be chosen as far as possible from the same countries of origin as the latter. Congress requests the Executive to establish proper Ulpanim for religious Olim and to provide for the observance of the Shabbat in hostels housing religious Olim.

30. Long-range Planning for Aliya and Absorption Congress calls upon the Executive to make available a listing of possible independent enterprises in the fields of handicraft, industry, trade, private practice of professions and other branches of enterprise. To this end a fact-finding committee should secure all the preliminary information essential to long-range plans for Aliya and absorption. This committee, composed of representatives of the Jewish Agency, the Zionist Territorial Organizations and representatives of Settlers' Associations should compile registers of people interested in Aliya with all relevant details.

31. Social Integration Congress recommends that social integration of new immigrants be carried out through volunteer activity of Israelis. The Settlers' Asso- citations should be an integral part of every body dealing with planning and implementation of Aliya and economic and social integration. A council of representatives of all women's organizations should be formed

26 for the purpose of assisting in the social absorption of Olim and their families,

32. Legislation Congress recommends that the Knesset expedite the enactment of a Law setting forth the rights of immigrants. Congress requests the Government of Israel to initiate legislation which will assure full employment for every employable Oleh during his first year in the country. It further requests the Government to make every effort to assure suitable permanent employment for every Oleh.

33. Support and Development of Israel Production Congress is convinced that the support and development of Israel production resources can prove a major factor in facilitating immigration and absorption, and accepts the proposed plan for a special project for marketing Israel products in the Diaspora. Congress calls upon every Jewish family in the Diaspora and particularly in the Western countries to become loyal consumers of Israel goods. Congress calls upon all member-organizations of the W.Z.O. and especially the women's organizations, the youth and the students' groups to support the consumption of Israel goods.

34. Aliya Saving Project Congress declares that the Aliya Saving Project has fully justified itself and should be developed into a broader and more popular project.

35. The Tourist Office Congress attaches great importance to the activities of the Tourist Office serving tourists visiting Israel as well as those who want to receive information and guidance in connection with Aliya, absorption and investments in Israel. These activities should be expanded and strengthened.

36. Ombudsman Congress charges the Executive to establish an authority for dealing with complaints of Olim — Ombudsman. Any immigrant with problems may apply to this authority which will help him to solve his problems of absorption.

37. Preventing Emigration Congress charges the Zionist Executive to set up a special section to deal with measures for preventing emigration and encouraging the return of those who have left Israel.

27 38. Youth Movements and Aliya Congress regards the youth movements as constituting an important factor for Aliya and recommends joint activity of all youth movements in order to create a suitable climate for Aliya.

D. STRUCTURE OF THE MOVEMENT Zionist Territorial Organizations 39. Framework of Zionist Territorial Organizations In each country a single Zionist Territorial Organization shall exist; exceptions to this rule shall be permitted only by consent of the Execu- tive which shall, prior to deciding in this matter, consult with the leaders of Zionist organizations of the country in question. Appeals against the decision of the Executive may be lodged with the Zionist General Council.

40. Membership in Zionist Territorial Organizations Individual persons and corporate bodies shall be members of Zionist Territorial Organizations. The membership of Zionist bodies in the Territorial Organization shall be either on an individual or corporate basis, while the membership of Jewish organizations subscribing to the Jerusalem Programm shall be on a corporate basis only.

41. Territorial Conferences (a) Each Zionist Territorial Organization shall hold periodical national conferences, at least once every two years. (b) The method of electing delegates to Territorial Conferences shall be determined by the Constitution of the respective Territorial Organization, subject to the relevant constitutional provisions not being in conflict with accepted democratic principles. (c) The National Funds shall be represented at Territorial Conferences, the size of such representation to be determined by the respective Territorial Zionist Organization.

42. Governing Bodies of the Zionist Territorial Organization The method of electing the governing bodies shall be determined by the constitution of the respective Territorial Organization, subject to the relevant constitutional provisions not being in conflict with accepted democratic principles.

28 43. Youth Movements (a) A special framework to encompass all Zionist youth movements shall be created as an integral part of Zionist Territorial Orga- nizations. (b) On reaching the age specified by the Constitution of the respective Zionist Territorial Organization, members of youth movements shall be given all possible encouragement and opportunity to become active members of that organization. (c) A special framework shall be set up within the Territorial Or- ganization for graduates of youth movements and members of organizations for Jewish young people. (d) Arrangements shall be made to enable younger members to assume leadership positions in the governing bodies of the Territorial Organization.

44. Women's Zionist Organizations (a) Independent women's Zionist organizations shall affiliate directly with the Territorial Organization. (b) Women's organizations which are branches of Zionist parties or groups may affiliate with the Territorial Organization either through their respective parties or groups, or directly; in the latter case the representation of their parent organization shall be re- duced proportionally.

45. National Funds (a) Every member of the Territorial Organization must adequately contribute to the Appeals. (b) Members of the Executive of the Territorial Organization are obliged to take an active part in the campaigns. (c) The National Funds shall be given representation on the governing bodies of the Territorial Organization.

46. Sources of Income Territorial Organizations should cover their administrative budgets.

The World Zionist Organization 47. Membership in the W.Z.O. (a) In countries where a Territorial Organization, duly recognized by the Executive of the W.Z.O., exists, Zionist groups shall affiliate with the World Zionist Organization exclusively through the Ter- ritorial Organization. 29 (b) In countries where no such Territorial Organization exists, the status quo shall be maintained until such time as a Zionist Ter- ritorial Organization, duly recognized by the Executive of the W.Z.O., is set up.

48. Affiliation of General Jewish Bodies with the W.Z.O. (a) International Jewish bodies shall affiliate directly with the World Zionist Organization, by decision of the Executive which is subject to confirmation by the Zionist General Council. (b) National Jewish bodies shall be associated with the W.Z.O. by means of their affiliation with the duly recognized Zionist Terri- torial Organizations. However, the Zionist Executive, in consultation with the Territorial Organization concerned, may permit exceptions to this rule. The Executive's decision in the matter is subject to confirmation by the Zionist General Council.

49. Congress-Groupings (a) There will be ideological groupings, non-aligned groupings, and territorial delegations at Congress. (b) All delegates from a country—or part of them—may decide to form a territorial grouping or join ideological or non-aligned groupings. (c) Every delegate at Congress shall enjoy freedom of action and voting. (d) All groupings (ideological, territorial or non-aligned) shall have equal rights at Congress in accordance with their numerical strength. (e) All groupings at Congress shall enjoy equal rights in regard to representation on the Zionist General Council.

50. Representation of Jewish Bodies at Congress (a) The representation at Congress of national Jewish bodies affiliated to the Zionist Territorial Organization shall be determined by the Constitution of the relevant Territorial Organization. (b) The representation of Jewish bodies affiliated directly with the W.Z.O. shall be determined in accordance with the following regulations: 1. The Zionist General Council shall fix the total number of mandates to be allocated to Jewish bodies affiliated directly with the W.Z.O. 2. The Executive shall determine the size of the representation of each of these bodies, within the limits of the total number to be fixed in accordance with paragraph (1). However, in allocating mandates to national Jewish bodies that are affiliated directly with the W.Z.O., the Executive shall construct the leadership of the Zionist Territorial Or- ganization concerned. 30 3. Appeals against the Executive's decision may be lodged with the Con- gress Tribunal.

51. Congress Elections (a) Delegates to the Zionist Congress shall be elected in every country in accordance with generally accepted democratic principles. (b) In any country in which a duly recognized Territorial Organi- zation exists, the method of elections shall be determined by the said organization. (c) In any country in which no duly recognized Territorial Organi- zation exists, the method of elections shall be decided by a vote in which all groups that were represented at the last preceding Zionist Congress take part. The decision shall be taken by those groups whose combined representative strength at the last preceding Zionist Congress constituted at least 90% of that country's total representation; this decision is to be taken at least 6 months before the date of the Congress. Within two months of such a decision an appeal may be lodged with the Executive of the World Zionist Organization. (d) In the absence of elections determining the relative representative strength of groups claiming representation at the forthcoming Con- gress, a neutral body of five to seven members shall be set up in that country to decide the issue. In determining the issue the neutral body shall take into con- sideration the membership strength of the groups concerned and their achievements in the various spheres of Zionist activity, such as Aliya, organization, Jewish education and fund-raising. The neutral body shall be set up by agreement between the various groups or, in the absence of agreement, by the Executive of the W.Z.O. Should a vacancy occur on the neutral body, the Terri- torial Organization shall decide on the replacement. (e) The representation of Israel at the Zionist Congress shall reflect the relative strength of the Zionist parties at the last preceding elections to the Knesset.

52. Representation of Zionist Territorial Organizations at Congress and General Council Congress instructs the Executive to prepare constitutional amendments for adoption by the next Zionist General Council providing for direct representation of Zionist Territorial Organizations at the Con- gress and at the Zionist General Council.

31 53. Separate Structure for Students and Young Professionals Congress strongly recommends to the Executive and to the Zionist General Council to consider the creation of a separate body to deal solely with all matters pertaining to students and young professionals; such a body to be composed of individuals appointed on a personal and not on a political basis; such individuals to be selected after public announcement by a committee chaired by the Chairman of the Executive and containing also students and young academics.

E. LEGISLATIVE MATTERS

54. The Rights of Former Presidents of the World Zionist Organization and Chairmen of the Executive To Article 32, Section 3 of the Constitution of the World Zionist Organization—dealing with those entitled to participate in the Zionist General Council in an advisory capacity—letter (f) shall be added: Former Presidents of the World Zionist Organization and Chairmen of the Executive. After Article 41 of the Constitution, Article 41(a), reading as follows, shall be added: Former Presidents and Chairmen of the Executive shall be entitled to participate in the meetings of the Executive in an advisory capacity.

55. Representation of Aliya Movement, Youth and Students on the Zionist General Council After Article 32 of the Constitution, the following Article 32a shall be inserted: "In addition to the members of the General Council entitled to vote, mentioned in Article 32, the General Council shall include the following members entitled to vote— (a) Two members of the Aliya Movement who shall be appointed by the Presidium of the General Council in consultation with the Executive and the representatives of the Aliya Movement in various countries, prior to each session of the General Council. (b) 15 members of the Youth Grouping elected by the 27th Zionist Congress. (c) Four members of the Students' Grouping elected by the 27th Zionist Congress. (d) No member of the General Council mentioned in sections a and b shall take part in elections of the governing bodies of the W.Z.O. or vote on matters of candidature. 32 (e) No member of the General Council mentioned in sections a, b and c, shall withdraw from his Grouping, or join another Grouping, or participate in the formation of any new Grouping. (f) Sections 2, 4, 7 and 8 of Article 32 shall apply to the members of the General Council mentioned in sections a, b and c of this Article, mutatis mutandis The amendment shall be valid for the 27th Zionist Congress and the period between that Congress and the 28th.

56. Replacement of Members or Deputy Members of the General Council After Article 32, Section 7 of the Constitution the following Section 8 shall be added: (a) If in the intervals between Congresses any Grouping intends to replace a Member or a Deputy Member of the General Council, elected by Congress, it shall apply to the Presidium of the General Council for confirmation of the replacement. If the Presidium is satisfied that there is an important reason for the replacement it shall confirm it. (b) Upon the confirmation of such replacement the new Member or Deputy Member shall have the full rights of the person replaced. The new Member or Deputy Member shall be resident of the same country as the person replaced. The new Member or Deputy Member may not be replaced according to the provisions of Sec. (a). (c) Details of procedure shall be determined by regulations to be enacted by the Presidium of the General Council.

57. Representation of WIZO on the Zionist General Council In accordance with Article 26 Section 4 of the Constitution Congress confirms the following change in the agreement between the Executive and the Executive of WIZO, approved by the General Council at its Session in March 1964: WIZO shall have four members in the General Council with voting rights (instead of three) and one representative in an advisory capacity (as hitherto).

58. Authorization of the Council to Amend the Constitution In accordance with Articles 15 and 64 of the Constitution of the World Zionist Organization, Congress authorizes the Council to decide on amendments to the Constitution of the World Zionist Organization.

33 59. Adapting the Statutes of the World Zionist Organization to the Resolutions of the 27th Zionist Congress Insofar as it is necessary to redraft any provisions of the Constitution or other enactments of the World Zionist Organization, in order to adapt them to the resolutions of the 27th Zionist Congress, Congress authorizes the Executive to re-draft these provisions in accordance with the above-mentioned resolutions.

60. Representation of the Aliya Movement at the 27th Zionist Congress The 27th Zionist Congress resolves on the following amendments to the Constitution of the World Zionist Organization and the Standing Orders of the Congress which shall be valid for the 27th Congress only: (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 17, 22, 25 and 26 of the Constitution of the World Zionist Organization and Reg. 7 of the Standing Orders of the Congress, and subject to Sections 2, 3 and 4 of this Resolution, the representatives of the Aliya Movement, who had been invited according to Regulation 7(a) of the Standing Orders to participate in the 27th Zionist Congress, shall be regarded as delegates with the right to vote in the plenary meeting and the committees and with all other rights of delegates. (2) All representatives of the Aliya Movement shall form one Congress Grouping (Aliya Congress Grouping). (3) No representative of the Aliya Congress Grouping shall withdraw from this Grouping, or join any other Congress Grouping, or participate in the formation of any new Congress Grouping. (4) No representative of the Aliya Congress Grouping shall take part in the elections according to Article 14(e) of the Constitution or vote in any personal matters. Article 32 of the Constitution shall not apply to the Aliya Congress Grouping.

61. Representation of Youth at the 27th Zionist Congress The 27th Zionist Congress resolves on the following amendments to the Constitution of the World Zionist Organization and the Standing Orders of the Congress which shall be valid for the 27th Congress only, (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 17, 22, 25 and 26 of the Constitution of the World Zionist Organization and Reg. 7 of the Standing Orders of the Congress, and subject to Sections 2, 3 and 4 of this Resolution, the members of the Youth Delegation, who had been invited according to Regulation 7(a) of the Standing Orders to participate in the 27th Zionist Congress, shall be regarded as delegates with the right to vote in the plenary meeting and the committees and with all other rights of delegates.

34 (2) All members of the Youth Delegation shall form one Congress Grouping (Youth Congress Grouping). (3) No member of the Youth Congress Grouping shall withdraw from this Grouping, or join another Congress Grouping, or participate in the formation of any new Congress Grouping. (4) No member of the Youth Congress Grouping shall take part in the elections according to Article 14(e) of the Constitution or vote in any personal matters. Article 32 of the Constitution shall not apply to the Youth Congress Grouping.

62. Representation of Students at the 27th Zionist Congress The 27th Zionist Congress, in pursuance of the resolution of the Zionist General Council of June 9, 1968—by which the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS) was admitted to the World Zionist Organi- zation as member of the World Zionist Organization—and in accordance with Article 5, Section 4 of the Constitution, passes herewith the following resolution which is valid for the 27th Zionist Congress only. (1) The members of the delegation of the WUJS shall be regarded as delegates with the right to vote in the plenary meeting and the committees and with all other rights of delegates. (2) The members of the delegation of the WUJS are entitled to form a Congress Grouping at the 27th Zionist Congress (Students Congress Grouping). (3) No member of the Students Congress Grouping shall withdraw from this Grouping, or join another Congress Grouping, or participate in the formation of any new Congress Grouping. (4) Article 32 of the Constitution shall not apply to the Students Congress Grouping.

63. Permanent Committees of the Zionist General Council The following provision shall be inserted into the Standing Orders of the General Council: "Permanent Committees set up according to Article 31 of the Constitution or in pursuance of a resolution of the Congress or General Council, shall be entitled themselves to lay down rules for the conduct of their work and meetings."

F. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFAIRS 64. Strengthening the Zionist Framework and Activating Young Forces The 27th Zionist Congress calls on all Zionist organizations to intensify their efforts to strengthen the united Zionist framework in 35 every country and to bring new forces into the executive bodies and the ranks of the Movement, especially from among the younger generation. Congress notes with satisfaction the measures taken in a number of countries in this direction and requests the Executive to encourage and promote such measures in every possible way.

65. Relationship Between the Executive and General Jewish Organizations Congress authorizes the Executive to initiate negotiations with the fund-raising instruments for Israel and other general Jewish organizations in the various countries, with a view to establishing a direct relationship between the Jewish Agency Executive and such bodies, on an appropriate basis; any agreement to this effect is subject to approval by the Zionist General Council.

66. Work among the Jewish Communities Congress requests the Executive to intensify its efforts to strengthen ties with communal and general Jewish bodies, especially among small and isolated Jewish communities which need encouragement and support.

67. Shlichim Congress recommends that the selection of Shlichim should be based on: (a) individual qualifications; (b) public advertisement of vacancies and open competition; (c) the prior approval of the organization and/or country to which the Shlichim are to be sent. Individuals selected to serve as Shlichim are to be given fully adequate briefing through courses especially designed for this purpose.

68. Centralization of the Work of the Shlichim in the Diaspora Shlichim from Israel shall operate jointly, under the guidance of coordinators charged with directing and coordinating the activities of all Israeli Shlichim, whatever the Department which had sent them.

69. Projects for Training Keyworkers Congress recommends the expansion of projects for training of leaders and keyworkers of the Organization. Seminars and workshops in Israel and the Diaspora, in close cooperation with the Territorial Zion- ist Organizations and Jewish communal organizations shall be organized. Special attention should be paid to educational projects of a Zionist 36 ideological nature for the younger generation which is in search of new values.

70. The Zionist Council in Israel Congress confirms the resolution adopted by the Zionist General Council at its Session in January 1967, concerning the establishment of the Zionist Council in Israel charged with the promotion of Zionist values and fostering the consciousness of the unity of the Jewish people, with disseminating knowledge of Diaspora Jewry and its problems within the Israeli community, and encouraging activities for the social and spiritual integration of immigrants. Congress takes note of the steps which have been taken to establish the Council and charges the Executive to complete its establishment on a broad basis as soon as possible.

71. Diaspora Research Congress attaches importance to the initiation and support of research projects in Jewish sociology and demography, in cooperation with other institutions in Israel and local bodies in various countries, as a basis for Zionist ideological work.

72. Institute of Zionist Research in Memory of Chaim Weizmann Congress is gratified to note the initiative of the Zionist Executive in establishing the "Institute of Zionist Research in Memory of Chaim Weizmann" at Tel-Aviv University and requests the Executive to encourage the expansion of its work in the fields of research, teaching and publication.

73. The Zionist Library Congress recommends that the "Zionist Library" expand its activities to include the publication of Zionist literature in foreign languages on subjects which are of significance for the present-day younger generation.

74. Mount Herzl Congress welcomes the decision of the Zionist Executive to complete the work on the grounds of Herzl's Tomb and requests the Executive to take action to expedite this work.

75. Central Zionist Archives (a) In pursuance of the resolution of the 26th Zionist Congress, all institutions, organizations and personalities of the Zionist Move- ment are requested to assist energetically in the efforts of the Cen- tral Zionist Archives, to assemble as complete documentation 37 as possible, in writing, print and any other form, on Zionism and its problems in the past and present, (b) Congress takes note that, in accordance with the resolution of the 25th Congress, the planning of the building opposite the Knesset for preservation of the collections of the Central Zionist Archives and their use for scholarly purposes has been completed. Con- gress charges the Zionist Executive to see to it that the building be erected in the near future.

G. AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENT AND LAND DEVELOPMENT

76. Greetings to the Settlements of the Beisan and Jordan Valleys The 27th Zionist Congress extends hearty fraternal greetings to the settlements of the Beisan Valley and the Jordan Valley, and to all other border settlements, and to the settlers, their wives and children who are so bravely withstanding the unceasing hostile attacks to which they are being subjected. Congress declares that the Jews in Zion and throughout the Diaspora stand firmly behind these settlements in their struggle and calls upon the people to volunteer to aid them.

77. Establishment and Consolidation of Settlements Congress is gratified to note that the Agricultural Settlement De- partment has achieved the objectives with which it was charged by the 26th Zionist Congress, namely, the permanent consolidation of 116 settlements, preparation towards permanent consolidation of another 96 settlements, the establishment of thirty new settlements and work for the integration of the younger generation in agricultural settlements. Congress welcomes the agreement reached with representatives of the settlers in the matter of signing contracts of settlement. Congress charges the Executive with accelerating the consolidation of agricultural settlements ready for and capable of independence and with ensuring complete consolidation of all settlements included in this scheme.

78. Continuation of Agricultural Settlement Congress regards the continuation of agricultural settlement in all forms as most important, both from the agricultural and general point of view as the basis for settling Israel, and regards agricultural settlement as an integral part of the work and responsibility of the Zionist Movement. Congress calls upon all Government aud public institutions to assist in the activities of the Agricultural Settlement Department 38 on the basis of the recommendations of the Public Committee for Agricultural Settlement Affairs, which have been approved by the Government and the Jewish Agency Executive.

79. Regional Industrial Development and Service Enterprises Congress charges the Executive with including within the programme of its activities the development of industry and service enterprises in agricultural settlements in order to facilitate the development of larger villages and the integration of the new generation of settlers in agricultural settlements. The Executive should also continue to develop regional educational and cultural services as well as agricultural and industrial projects on a regional basis.

80. Settlement Schemes for Immigrants from Affluent Countries Congress charges the Executive with examining agricultural settlement programmes for new immigrants from the affluent countries.

81. Housing for Those Without Means Congress charges the Executive with finding ways to ensure that all those lacking the necessary means nevertheless receive adequate housing in agricultural settlements.

82. Development of the Galilee, Negev and the Araba and Settlement Resulting from the Six Day War Congress instructs the Executive to accelerate development of the Galilee, the Negev and the Araba and to pursue energetically all settlement schemes resulting from the Six Day War, with which the Government may charge it.

83. Land Development and the Jewish National Fund The 27th Zionist Congress regards the continuing expansion of the land basis for agricultural settlement, particularly in the hills and on the borders, as a Zionist objective of the first order. Congress calls upon the Jewish National Fund to dedicate all its energies to the rapid implementation of its projects and to invest the necessary technical and financial means in opening up new regions for Jewish settlement, land development in existing settlements and the expansion of the land basis in hill settlements and border villages.

39 H. YOUTH

84. Expansion of Activities among the Younger Generation in the Diaspora Congress regards it as urgent that organizational-educational activities among the younger generation, including both former members of Youth Movements and unorganized young people, be expanded, in cooperation and coordination with the Youth Movements and their organizations, in order to create cadres of young keyworkers in Jewish public life and to prepare them for Aliya. These activities shall aim at achieving a synthesis of the yearnings for Israel with the struggle for Jewish identity in the Diaspora by the following means: fostering Jewish consciousness, intensification of Zio- nist Chalutzic education, Chalutzic hachshara (training) in Israel and abroad, training of youth leaders and instructors, closer personal contacts with Israel through visits of the country for study and work and, first and foremost, encouragement and promotion of Aliya. These extended activities shall encompass not only those at present organized in Chalutzic, Zionist and general Jewish organizations, but all Jewish youth. These activities necessitate a quantitative and qualitative change in the whole pattern of work among Diaspora Jewish youth. All this shall be done with due regard to, and emphasis on, cooperation between the various elements of the Jewish and Zionist public of the Diaspora.

85. Volunteer and Service Schemes Congress regards it as vital that volunteering for Israel should be intensified and extended into a year of work and service in Israel for youth from the Diaspora within the framework of schemes like the Volunteers' Movement, Sherut La'am (National Service), Shnat Sherut (Year of Service) etc. It is necessary to make suitable arrangements for the absorption of thousands of youngsters participating in such schemes. The fields of their work in Israel shall include agricultural settlement, auxiliary services for the Defence Army of Israel, Nachal, special projects for development and reconstruction, educational and social work in development towns and whatever else appears necessary. As far as volunteers with skills are concerned, special attention shall be paid to bringing them into touch with their profession in Israel, in order to strengthen their links with the country. The volunteers shall be persuaded and encouraged to organize themselves both in Israel and the Diaspora. The World Volunteers' Move- ment, the centre of which is in Israel, shall be an independent body, recognized by the World Zionist Organization and shall serve the 40 volunteers, in cooperation with the Youth and Hechalutz Department of the Jewish Agency, the Government of Israel and other bodies dealing with volunteers. The volunteers' organizations in the various countries shall aim at mobilizing additional volunteers, organizing Aliya groups, setting up circles for the study of Hebrew and engage in other similar projects. The selection of the volunteers in the Diaspora shall be carried out with special regard to their suitability for the projects planned, and the volunteers shall be adequately prepared and trained for the realities of life in Israel. On the model of the organization of returned volunteers, the grad- ~uates of the various courses of the Youth and Hechalutz Department shall, after their return to their countries of residence, be organized for similar activities.

86. Intensified Cooperation and Unification of Zionist Chalutzic Movements Congress views with favour the trend towards closer cooperation between Zionist Chalutzic Movements especially during the recent period. This trend should be intensified, in order to avoid harmful competition, duplication and fragmentation, and to assure joint planning and a unified representation of the Zionist Chalutzic Movements. A change of the methods used hitherto and more funds for this purpose are conducive to an expansion of Zionist Chalutzic education and to an increase in Chalutzic Aliya.

87. Youth Work in Community Centres Congress instructs the Executive to encourage close cooperation and coordination between the work in Youth Movements and the activities of the Shlichim of the Zionist Organization and those conducted by Community Centres, Synagogues and other bodies.

88. Regional, Territorial and Local Youth Councils Congress welcomes the establishment of Regional Councils for Jewish Youth in the Diaspora. Territorial and local council should also be set up, in order to expand cultural-educational activities by means of seminars, youth festivals, workshops and other joint functions likely to bring into close contact youth from various sections and to create more intimate ties between them and Israel.

89. The Institute for Youth Leaders from the Diaspora In view of the increasing demand in Diaspora Youth Movements for suitably trained youth leaders the Executive is called upon to expand considerably the absorptive capacity of the Institute for Youth Leaders

41 from the Diaspora, attached to the Youth and Hechalutz Department. Temporary and permanent seminaries for the training of youth leaders ״shall be set up in the Diaspora, in accordance with demands and re quirements.

90. Work Among Jewish Students in the Diaspora Congress regards it as vital that work among Jewish students in the Diaspora organized in bodies like WUJS, ASA, Yavneh, Atid, the General Organization of Jewish Students in France etc. be intensified and that they take part in Zionist and general Jewish frameworks. Educational activities should be focused on Israel and preparation for Aliya given highest priority.

91. Institute for Training of Shlichim The growing demand for Shlichim for various activities among the Chalutzic Zionist as well as Jewish youth generally necessitates an expansion of the Shlichim scheme. For this reason it is most urgent to establish an institute and college for the training of Shlichim which will raise their standard and teach them the skills necessary for the performance of their tasks; help them to acquire a command of the language and to familiarize themselves with the conditions of the country concerned.

92. Allocation of Shlichim Congress resolves that the key for Shlichim to Chalutzic Zionist Movements should be examined in order to adapt it to present circum- stances. A committee composed of representatives of the Youth Move- ments shall submit an appropriate proposal to the next Session of the General Council for deliberation and decision. At the same time, Congress states that the general allocation of Shlichim shall increasingly be carried out also in accordance with the practical requirements of the centres and communities.

93. Call for Assistance from Jewish Communities It is in the very nature of youth work that it aims at intensifying and enriching Jewish life in the Diaspora communities. Therefore, Jewish community and other organizations are in duty bound to share in the endeavours for expanding youth work. For this reason, Congress calls on all Jewish communities and organizations, local and territorial, to make every effort to assist the activities among Jewish youth in the Diaspora, morally and materially.

42 94. Participation of Youth Movements in Regional Projects Congress resolves that the Shlichim, local Zionist bodies and representatives of the Jewish Agency shall see to it that local Youth Move- ments participate in the preparation and implementation of regional projects.

and Similar Schemes "־The "American Programme .95 Congress notes with appreciation the initiative taken by the Zionist Chalutzic Shlichim in North America and the Youth and Hechalutz Department of the Jewish Agency to draft and work out a programme for expansion of activities among the younger generation, now known under the name "American Programme". Congress instructs the De- partment to ensure that this programme be implemented and that similar programmes in other countries, and in particular in those of Latin America and Europe, be drafted and executed. Congress notes that such programmes are already in the first stages of implementation and, therefore, instructs the Youth and Hechalutz Department to make every effort to ensure that all these schemes be fully implemented within two years with the aid of the necessary funds, organizational and educational manpower and public backing worthy of this great aim.

96. Promotion of Settlement in Jerusalem Congress recommends the conduct of information activities among Jewish youth and students the world over, in order to promote settlement in United Jerusalem.

97. Meetings Between Israel and Immigrant Youth In all large cities of the country facilities shall be created for meeting of the youth of Israel with immigrant youth.

98. Participation in Congress of Youth and Students' Delegations Congress welcomes the attendance of youth and students' delegations at the present Congress and demands that the competent authorities take appropriate steps for ensuring that such delegations take part in all future Congresses as delegates with full rights. It is suggested that intensive study days be arranged for such delegates.

99. Zionist Activities Among Israel Youth Congress deems it necessary that Zionist educational activities be intensified among the youth of Israel. Israel Youth Movements should be encouraged and assisted in such work which should also be expanded among non-organized Israel youth. 43 100. Appeal for Settlement Congress calls upon Jewish youth in the Diaspora to join the youth of Israel in settling Eretz Israel and those areas, on the settlement of which the Government of Israel has decided or will decide.

101. Participation of Youth Movements in Israel Life Congress welcomes the initiative of members of Youth Movements in the Diaspora to take a more active part in happenings in Israel, in coordination with the competent authorities.

I. EDUCATION

102. A Turning Point in Jewish Educational Work The tremendous response in the Jewish communities of the Diaspora to the experience of the Six Day War necessitates a new approach in the World Zionist Organization's work in the field of Jewish education and culture in the Diaspora and in its activities for closer ties with the State of Israel and the Return to Zion. In order to ensure the survival of the Jewish people, it is imperative to foster Jewish education and to make every Jewish home in the Diaspora conscious of the Jewish heritage.

103. Zionist Education Begins at Home Congress states that the realization of Zionism begins in the home of each Zionist. Every Zionist is under an obligation to study Hebrew, to give his children a thorough Hebrew Jewish education, based on the heritage of Israel and the centrality of the State of Israel.

104. Day-Schools Congress regards the day-school as the best instrument for imparting such education, and appeals to Zionist organizations to dedicate themselves to establishing such schools. It is the primary duty of every Zionist to give his children a complete Hebrew and Jewish education. Congress appeals to those responsible for Jewish schools to open their doors to the work of the Zionist Youth Movements.

105. Training of Teachers Congress calls upon the Executive to expand the projects for training teachers abroad, to increase the absorptive capacity of the Greenberg and Gold Institutes and to develop new trends in the training and advanced instruction of teachers, with the aim of approximating the 44 standard of teaching abroad with that in the State of Israel, and including knowledge of the Jewish people and the State of Israel in the Hebrew and general curriculum.

106. Hebrew—the Language of Instruction Hebrew shall be the language of instruction in educational institutions in the Diaspora at least in Hebrew subjects, and the Executive is called upon to assist in achieving this objective with all the means at its disposal.

107. Bringing Pupils for Studies in Israel Congress attaches special importance to bringing large numbers of pupils, young people and students to Israel for studies. The Jewish communities, Zionist Territorial Organizations and educational institutions are requested to send as many pupils as possible, particularly high school students, for periods of studdy in Israel, in coordination with the Departments for Education and Youth Aliya, as has been done in South Africa and other countries.

108. Study and Advanced Education in Israel Congress encourages the initiative of the Education Departments in enabling every teacher and educator to come to Israel for various periods of advanced study. Congress also regards with favour the visits to Israel of groups of parents and workers in the field of education and their participation in specially devised study programmes.

109. Popular Education and Culture Congress regards it as essential to increase the number of Ulpanim in the Diaspora for young people and adults, where they may acquire a command of the Hebrew language, acquaint themselves with Jewish values and make themselves more familiar with the Jewish people and the State of Israel.

110. Government Aid Congress appeals to the Ministry of Education and Culture to increase its aid to the Departments for Education and Culture in the Diaspora, especially by seconding teachers in Israel for purposes of teaching and inspecting in the Diaspora, and granting recognition to training and advanced education projects.

111. Establishment of Centres for Jewish Education Congress notes with satisfaction the establishment of a Centre for Jewish Education in the Diaspora at the Hebrew University in Jeru- salem and of a Section for Education in the Diaspora at the Bar Ilan 45 University, the purpose of which is to train University graduates as teachers and principals and for other functions at educational institutions in the Diaspora.

112. The Teachers Council for the Jewish National Fund Congress sends greetings to the Teachers Council for the Jewish National Fund on its 40th anniversary and regards its activities in Israel and the Diaspora as a great help in the efforts of the Zionist Organization in educating the younger generation towards Zionism. The Jewish National Fund is requested to coordinate its publications with those of other Departments in order to avoid duplication.

113. The Brit Ivrit Olamit Congress attaches special importance to the activities of the Brit Ivrit Olamit and calls upon all Zionist Territorial Organizations to cooperate with branches of the Brit Ivrit Olamit, in order to disseminate the Hebrew language in wider Jewish circles.

114. The Council for Disseminating the Hebrew Language Congress recommends to the Education Departments to foster and support the activities of the "Council for Disseminating the Hebrew Language" which serves as a centre for the collection of information in the domain of teaching Hebrew and allied fields.

115. The Twentieth Anniversary of the State of Israel—Hebrew Year in the Diaspora In order to encourage, extend and promote the dissemination of the Hebrew language in the Diaspora, Congress proposes that the Twentieth Anniversary Year of the State of Israel be declared "Hebrew Year in the Diaspora". Congress charges the Education and Culture Departments with including in the syllabus of seminaries and schools in the Diaspora episodes of heroism and devotion to duty of the underground movements under the British Mandate, the Hagana, the Palmach, the Etzel (Irgun) and Lechi, of the martyrs who went to the scaffold and of the soldiers of Israel in all the campaigns and wars against our enemies. Congress instructs the Education and Culture Departments to see to it that an adequate place be given in the curriculum and education to the Holocaust and the lessons to be learned therefrom.

46 J. BUDGET, FINANCE AND CONTROL

116. Financial Report of the Executive for the Period April 1, 1964—December 31, 1967 Congress has taken note of the Financial Report of the Jewish Agency for the period April 1, 1964—December 31, 1967 and notes that the Annual Budgets have been properly implemented.

117. Approval of Budgetary Framework of the World Zionist Organization—Jewish Agency for the Year April 1, 1968—March 31, 1969 and Authorization to the Zionist General Council Congress approves the framework of the expenditure budget of the World Zionist Organization—Jewish Agency for the year April 1, 1968 to March 31, 1969 in the amount of IL. 1,136,086,000. It also approves the estimate of income for this period in the same sum, and authorizes the Zionist General Council to consider and decide on — (a) details of the expenditure budget; (b) any supplementary budget which may be submitted by the Jewish Agency Executive during the budgetary year in the light of further needs and developments.

118. Delegation of Powers to the General Council with Regard to the Period Between the 27th and 28th Congresses Congress delegates its authority regarding budgetary and financial matters to the Zionist General Council, empowering it to consider and decide on all budgetary and financial matters between this Congress and the next, either directly or, if it so decides, through the Permanent Budget and Finance Committee.

119. Comptroller's Reports Congress takes note of Reports Nos. 9 and 10 of the Comptroller of the World Zionist Organization—Jewish Agency and of the replies of the Executive submitted to the Congress, as well as of the Comptrol- ler's Survey on his activities during the year 1966/67.

120. Intermediate Comptroller's Reports and Authorization for Dealing with Them Congress associates itself with the resume of the Permanent Budget and Finance Committee unanimously adopted at its Meeting on May 10, 1968, as follows: The Permanent Budget and Finance Committee of the Zionist General Council takes note of the Comptroller's Survey on his control activities 47 and their subjects in the year 1966/67, and of the attached letter of the Chairman of the Executive, according to which the Executive will ensure that the Comptroller's recommendations be implemented. Since the Committee could not deal in detail with all the intermediate reports (parts of the Annual Report) it resolved to propose to the 27th Zionist Congress to instruct the Permanent Budget and Finance Com- mittee, to be elected, to consider the intermediate reports of the Comp- trailer as well as the replies of the Executive to the findings of these reports. Congress charges the Permanent Budget and Finance Committee to be elected with dealing with the intermediate reports.

121. Budget for Operations Among Students Congress recommends to the Executive to allocate a budget for operations among students. This budget shall be submitted to the Permanent Budget and Finance Committee for approval, in consultation with the representatives of the students, the Heads of the Depart- ments concerned and the Jewish Agency Treasurer.

K. FUNDS

122. Contribution of Diaspora During Emergency in Summer 1967 Congress regards the financial mobilization of Diaspora Jewry during Israel's state of emergency in the summer of 1967 as an important turning-point in the partnership of Diaspora Jewry in the building of Israel and strengthening the State. Congress charges the Keren Hayesod—United Israel Appeal and the United Jewish Appeal with maintaining and intensifying this partnership. The Zionist Territorial Organizations in the various countries are called upon to devote their energies to activities for the Keren Ha- yesod—United Israel Appeal and the United Jewish Appeal with a view to attaining the aforementioned goal.

123. Maintenance of 1967 Level of Contributions Congress determines that in view of the situation of Israel and her present needs, the financial contribution of Diaspora Jewry must be maintained at the 1967 level.

124. Priority of Keren Hayesod—United Israel Appeal Congress reaffirms that the Keren Hayesod—United Israel Appeal has priority as the permanent central fund of the Jewish Agency and expects the Jewish Agency Executive to implement the coordination 48 of activities for the collection of funds for Israel in this spirit, and to take suitable steps to preserve the status of the Appeal and the aforementioned coordination.

125. Personal Obligation of Every Zionist to the Keren Hayesod—United Israel Appeal Congress draws attention to the resolutions passed by previous Con- gresses, declaring that it is the moral obligation of every member of the Zionist Organization to serve as an example in the amount of his personal contribution to the Appeal and his dedication to its work. Congress states that any person who does not fulfil his obligation to the Keren Hayesod—United Israel Appeal and the United Jewish Appeal for Israel, cannot undertake any function in a local or national body of the Zionist Movement or affiliated institutions.

126. Jewish National Fund Congress re-emphasizes the special importance of the Jewish National Fund as the people's fund charged with the most vital task of acquiring and developing land and of opening up new regions for Jewish settlement. The customary and traditional activities of the J.N.F. including wills, bequests and living legacies, which should reach every Jewish household, have a great Zionist-educational value and help create a direct link with the land of Israel. The Territorial Zionist Organizations are called upon to make every effort to assist the Jewish National Fund in achieving its objectives.

L. ELECTIONS

127. The President of the World Zionist Organization By virtue of Article 15 of the Constitution, the 27th Zionist Congress authorizes the General Council to elect the President of the World Zionist Organization. In pursuance of the above authorization, Congress instructs the Presidium of the General Council and the Executive to set up jointly a committee which shall prepare the election of the President.

128. The Chairman of the Zionist Executive The 27th Zionist Congress elects Mr. Louis A. Pincus as Chairman of the Zionist Executive.

49 129. Members of the Zionist Executive The 27th Zionist Congress elects the following members of the Zionist Executive: Col. (Res.) Mordechai Bar-On, Israel Joseph Klarman, Israel Arieh Leon Dultzin, Israel Andre Narboni, Israel Chaim Finkelstein, Israel Dr. Emanuel Neumann, USA Dr. Israel Goldstein, Israel Abraham Schenker, Israel Mrs. Charlotte Jacobson, USA Dr. Raanan Weitz, Israel Mrs. Raya Jaglom, Israel Congress authorizes the Executive or the Zionist General Council to coopt two additional members to the Executive.*

130. Inclusion of Zionist Non-party Personalities in the Executive Congress instructs the Zionist Executive and the Presidium of the Zionist General Council jointly to elect, by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the Members, as Members of the Executive a number of Zionist personalities not attached to any party. The number of these personalities shall not exceed five.**

131. The Zionist General Council (a) In keeping with Article 32, paras. 1 and 4 of the Constitution of the Zionist Organization, Congress elects as Members of the Zionist General Council (1. Members) and as Deputy-Members (2. Deputy-Members) the representatives of the parties as set forth in the lists on pages 51-53 and 53-55. (b) In keeping with Article 26, para. 4 of the Constitution and in keeping with Resolution No. 56 of the Twenty-seventh Zionist Congress, Congress elects as Members and Deputy-Members of the Zionist General Council the representatives of the Women's Zionist Organization set forth in the lists on pages 53 and 55. (c) In keeping with Resolution No. 55 of the Twenty-seventh Zionist Congress, Congress elects as Members and Deputy-Members of the Zionist General Council the representatives of the Aliya Movement, the Youth Movements and the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS) as set forth in the lists on pages 53 and 56. (d) In keeping with Article 32, para. 3(h) of the Constitution, Con- gress elects as Members of the Zionist General Council in an advisory capacity the persons set forth in the list on page 51.

* The Executive resolved at its Session of August 5, 1968, to coopt to the Executive Rabbi Mordechai Kirshblum and Mr. Moshe Krone. ** On November 5, 1968 the following were elected: Rabbi Leon Feuer, Prof. Rabbi Simon Greenberg, Rabbi Prof. Emanuel Rackmann, Dewey D. Stone, Prof Benjamin Halpern 50 (e) In keeping with Article 32 para. 3(h) of the Constitution, Con- gress elects as Members of the General Council in an advisory capacity (Virilists), in addition to the Virilists elected by previous Congresses and Sessions of the Zionist General Council, the persons set forth in the list below. (f) Congress resolves that the Sephardi Movement in the Argentine has the right to appoint for every Session of the General Council, one representative who will serve in an advisory capacity.

(1) LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ZIONIST GENERAL COUNCIL A. Virilists B. Members in an Advisory Capacity Elected prior to the 27th Congress Elected prior to the 27th Congress Joseph Baratz, Israel Aba Bornstein, Gt. Britain Joseph Daleski, South Africa Yehuda Braginsky, Israel Prof. Benzion Dinur, Israel Jacob Bronfman, Argentina Rabbi Dr. Simon Federbush, USA Edward E. Gelber, Israel Mr. A. L. Gellman, Israel Berl Locker, Israel Yitzchak Gruenbaum, Israel Rabbi Irving Miller, USA Dr. Yehoshua Guvrin, Israel Rabbi Prof. Louis Isaac Rabinowitz, Neta Harpaz, Israel Israel Abraham Hartzfeld, Israel Yitzchak Kubowitzky, Israel Mrs. Irma Lindheim, Israel Elected according to Resolution 131, d Dr. Shmuel Margoshes, USA Jacob Halevy, Gt. Britain Mr. Shabtay Miron, Israel Judge Louis E. Levinthal, USA Fred Monosson, USA Dr. Nahum Nir, Israel C. Members of the Executive till Mrs. Rachel Shazar, Israel the 27th Congress Jacob Uri, Israel In accordance with Article 32(e) Baruch Zuckerman, Israel of the Constitution Dr. Nahum Goldmann, Israel Elected according to Resolution 131, e Itzhak Artzi, Israel Bezalel Bazak, Israel David Beit-Aryeh, Israel Yeshayahu Bernstein, Israel Avraham Cygiel, Israel Jacob Efter, Israel Eliyahu Dobkin, Israel Beinesh Epstein, USA Rabbi Leon Feuer, USA Max Freilich, Australia Prof. Rabbi Simon Greenberg, USA Marc Jarblum, Israel Chaim Levanon, Israel Mrs. Sara Kafri, Israel Dr. Astorre Mayer, Italy Mortimer May, USA Woolf Perry, Gt. Britain Dr. Ludwig Pinner, Israel Rabbi Emanuel Rackman, USA Israel Ritov, Israel Dr. Joseph B. Schechtman, USA Herman Seidel, USA Dr. Joseph J. Schwartz, USA Pinhas Shneurson, Israel Shlomo Zalman Shragai, Israel Dr. Abraham Stupp, Israel Lord Sieff of Brimpton, Gt. Britain Prof. Arieh Tartakower, Israel Dewey D. Stone, USA Harry Trope, South Africa Prof. Marie Syrkin, USA 51 D. Representatives of the Parties Leon Ilutovich, USA Elected according to Resolution 131, a Rabbi I. Usher Kirshblum, USA Jack Lefkowitz, USA Labour Zionist Movement Jacob Leszcz, Argentina Shimon Avizemer, Israel Dr. Harris J. Levine, USA Ehud Avriel, Israel Julian Mercer, Australia Joseph Bankower, Israel Rabbi Dr. Max Nussbaum, USA Meyer Belliti, Israel Jacques Orfus, France Samuel Bonchek, USA Carol Pickel, USA Jacques Cypel, France Jacques Torczyner, USA Dr. Hayim Doron, Israel Adv. Avraham Tory, Israel Max Epstein, Chile Baruch Weinstein, Israel Hy Faine, USA Zvi Fainguersh, Argentina World Confederation of Mockie Friedman, South Africa General Zionists Dr. Berl Frymer, Israel Lavy Bakstansky, Gt. Britain Paul L. Goldman, USA Harry Cohen, South Africa Mrs. Mathilda Guez, Israel Dr. Miriam K. Freund, USA Itzhak Harkavi, Israel Mrs. Esther Gottesman, USA Mrs. Geula Havkin, Israel Mrs. Rose Halprin, USA Joseph Israeli, Israel Julius Hayman, Canada Jacob Katzman, USA Sir Barnett Janner, Gt. Britain Mrs. Rose Kaufman, USA Mrs. Lola Kramarsky, USA Moshe Kerem, Israel Mrs. Rose Matzkin, USA Moshe Kitron, Israel Mrs. Florence S. Perlman, USA Arieh Leon Kronitz, Canada Mrs. Faye Schenk, USA Mordechaj Lerman, France Ezra Shapiro, USA Dr. Schneier Levenberg, Gt. Britain Donald Silk, Gt. Britain Mrs. Zivia Loubetkin, Israel Kalman Sultanik, USA Itzhak Mizrachi, Israel Meilich Topiol, France Hayim Pinner, Gt. Britain Mrs. Denise Tourover, USA Max Reich, Brazil Izak Warszawski, France Anselm Reiss, Israel Mrs. Dvorah Rothbard, USA Mizrachi-Hapoel Hamizrachi Zeev Shapiro, Israel Rabbi Bernard Bergman, USA Shmuel Shoresh, Israel Charles Bick, USA Israel Stolarsky, USA Mrs. Miriam Eliash, Israel David Tabacznik, Israel Rabbi Yehuda Elinson, Israel Yitzchak Tabenkin, Israel Elazar Goelman, Israel Jacob Tsur, Israel Arieh Handler, Gt. Britain David Klimovsky, Argentina World Union of General Zionists Harry Landy, Gt. Britain Marc Anisfeld, Belgium Shlomo Levy, Israel Roberto Aron, Israel Mrs. Nathalie Resnikoff, USA Yoshua Auerbach, Israel Rabbi Dr. Pinchas Rojtman, France Harold W. Carmely, USA Dr. Tibor Rosenbaum, Switzerland Marcos Daien, Argentina Rabbi Herschel Schacter, USA E. Oscar Glasserman, Argentina Rabbi Tsemach Menachem Zambrowsky, Abraham Hasson, Israel Canada 52 World Union of Herut-Hatzohar Dr. Anna Gelber, Israel Eliyahu Chabusha, Israel Dr. Genia Kanowitz, Israel Salomon Friedrich, France Aliya Movement Bension Guivoni, Israel 2 Members according to Resolution Harry Hurwitz, South Africa Adv. Raphael Kotlowitz, Israel 131, c Dr. Harry Levi, USA Youth Movements Rafael Rafalin, Mexico Elected according to Resolution 131, c Ajzyk Remba, Israel Louis Aharon, Israel Abraham Shechterman, Israel Lipa Aharoni, Israel Nathan Silver, Canada Israel Avidor, Israel Jose Szapiro, Argentina Mordechai Blanche, Israel Gideon Dudai, Israel World Union of Mapam Eytan Haberman, Israel Allen Hoffman, Israel Jacob Amit, Israel Raffi Kaplan, Israel Reuben Arzi, Israel Andro Levi, Israel Mrs. Chaika Grosman-Orkin, Israel Sergio Schwarzman, Argentina Moshe Kagan, USA Eli Soffer, France Itzhak Nathani, England Nahum Soleminsky, Argentina Dr. Perla Perez, Argentina Aaron Steinhart, Israel Shlomo Rosen, Israel Mucki Tsur, Israel Reuven Werber, USA E. Representatives of Organizations W.I.Z.O. World Union of Jewish Students Elected according to Resolution 131, b Elected according to Resolution 131, c Mrs. Miriam Ben-Porath, Israel Gordon Hausmann, Gt. Britain Mrs. Inez Bernstein, Israel Mike Hunter, Gt. Britain (without voting rights) Sid Strauss, USA Mrs. Neri Bloomfield, Canada Bertil Zaudi, Sweden

(2) LIST OF DEPUTY-MEMBERS THE ZIONIST GENERAL COUNCIL A. Representatives of the Parties Pinchas Cruso, USA Elected according to Resolution 131, a Abraham Erlich, Israel Labour Zionist Movement Moe Falikman, USA Howard Agronin, USA Dr. Sara Feder, USA Dr. Zvi Almog, Israel Max Federman, Canada Moshe Arnon, Israel Mrs. Blanche Fine, USA Roger Ascot, France Hernan Fischman, Chile Moshe Assoulin, Israel Moshe Gilboa, Israel Yerachmiel Assa, Israel Sidney Goldberg, Gt. Britain Yitzchak Ben-Aharon, Israel I. K. Goldstein, USA Nissim Ben-Shoshan, Israel Ury Gordon, Israel Meir Benyaer, Israel Mrs. Orah Guez, Israel Dr. Dov Biegun, France Menahem Hacohen, Israel Dr. Jacobo Bleger, Israel Ezra Haddad, Israel Jacques Boursztyn, Israel Major General (Res.) Chaim Herzog, Isaac Burstein, Uruguay Israel Mrs. Lily Cohen, Israel Dr. Samuel Hurwich, Israel 53 Menahem Jacobi, USA Itzhak Eisenberg, Israel Moussa Kermanian, Iran Shoolem Ettinger, USA Saul Kies, USA Szaya Federman, Mexico Itzhak Korn, Israel Bernard Ferster, Australia Shimon Kubowitzky, Belgium Max Feuer, Argentina Carlos Landau, Mexico Salomon Geimanas, Argentina Mrs. Clara Leff, USA Herzl Gesang, Argentina Yehoshua Levy, Israel Pinchas Goldstein, Israel Akiva Lewinsky, Israel Elias Hun, Bolivia Shimon Mahler, Israel Miguel Menachem Katzkowich, Mrs. Rivka Mallis, Israel Uruguay Yaakov Mendelsohn, Israel Dr. Kurt Krakauer, Brazil Harold Miller, Gt. Britain Dr. Marcus Levinson, USA Avraham Mittelberg Aron Luksenburg, France Itzhak Navon, Israel Arno Lustiger, Germany Henry Near, Israel Miguel Maldavsky, Chile Yehuda Peleg, Israel Dr. Josef Mann, Israel Pesach Piekatsch, Israel David Moskowitz, USA Dr. Leo Podhorzer, Argentina Dr. Joachim Muck, Austria Theodor Philip van Raalte, Holland Leo Orlov, Switzerland Michel Radzinski, Peru Moshe Rivlin, USA Mrs. Chana Rivlin (Guri), Israel Dr. Morton J. Robbins, USA Isaac Roseby, Australia Nathanel Rothenberg, USA Dr. Victor Rozen, Uruguay Paul Safro, USA Leon Rubinstein, USA Abram Salomon, USA Rabbi Joseph Shalom Shubow, USA Neta Russ-Razin, Israel Chaim Teichman, Israel Bernardo Rymberg, Argentina Isaac Treygier, Brazil Dr. Benjamin Sagalowitz, Switzerland Jack Verdi, USA Benjamin Shaw, Gt. Britain Sam Vigdor, USA Yehuda Shuster, Israel Mrs. Bat-Sheva Viskevich, Israel Sason Siman-Tow, Israel Dr. Marcos Vodovotz, Israel Prof. Ezra Spicehandler, Israel Yitzchak Weiss, Israel Dr. Shlomo Stein, USA Herman L. Weisman, USA Harry Steiner, Canada Shlomo Szweizer, Israel Hirsh Triwaks, Argentina World Confederation of General Yehuda Tyberg, USA Zionists Shimon Tzur, Israel Victor Benveniste, France Jaime Warzaguer, Uruguay Morris Borsuk, South Africa Mrs. Esther Zackler, USA Jean S. Brunschvig, Switzerland Moshe Zalman, Israel Mrs. Josephine Burson, USA Berl Zuckerman, Brazil Hersh Cynowicz, India Janus Cohen, Gt. Britain World Union of General Zionists Mrs. Fannie S. Cohen, USA Hayim Willie Arditi, Chile Idel Epstein, Mexico Elie Chemouny, Israel Louis E. Falk, USA Chaim Chermesh, Israel Max Forman, Canada Avraham Dotan, Israel Nathan Jacobson, Australia Israel Dunski, Israel Sol David Granek, Israel 54 Smultz Kahan, France Gideon Avramowitz, Belgium Moshe Lederman, Gt. Britain Isaak Bokser, Argentina Eleazar Lipsky, USA Dr. Yaakov Dass, Israel Kurt Loebel, Israel Moshe Giloni, USA Mrs. Helen Lusterman, USA Arnold Golembo, South Africa Mrs. Pauline Mack, USA Arieh Horowitz, Italy Samuel Rothstein, USA Meir (Marc) Kahan, Israel Mrs. Bernice Salpeter, USA Mordechai Karnovski, Israel Mrs. Bertha S. Schoolman, USA Joseph Klarman, Israel Mrs. Sylvia Shapiro, USA Ghiel Leszcz, Israel Sidney Lawrence Shipton, Gt. Britain Yeshayahu Lichtenstein, Uruguay Mrs. Dorothy B. Spector, USA Ben Milner, Canada Szoel Szwarc, Belgium Itzhak Mittelman, Israel Wolf Toronczyk, France Jacobo Mondlak, Mexico Dr. Carlo A. Viterbo, Italy Shabetay Nadiv, Israel Itzhak de-Vries, Israel Menachem Paldi, Israel Mrs. Blanche W. Wisenthal, Canada Yaacov Eliezer Tavin, Israel Dr. Emanuel Treller, Israel Mizrachi-Hapoel Hamizrachi Dr. Markus Verstandig, Australia Mrs. Eva Adelman, USA Aharon Becker, Israel World Union of Mapam Hyman Bessin, Canada Moshe Amar, Israel Dr. Jacob Braude, Gt. Britain Henri (Here) Bulawko, France David Brav-Ehrenberg, Austria E. Cwik, Argentina Rabbi Joseph Bronner, South Africa Jacob Hazan, Israel Yechiel Chocron, Israel Dr. Moises Jedwab, Uruguay Jacob Drori, Israel Zvi Lubliner, Israel Mrs. Dina Dyckman, USA Prof. Raphael Mahler, Israel Dr. Naphtali Elati, Israel Israel Nachshen, Canada Itzhak Gets, Israel Mordechai Oren, Israel Simon Gottlieb, Israel Joseph Baruch Rosenfeld, Belgium Menachem (Max) Hagler, Israel Jacob Shutzberg, Israel Majrep Kneller, Belgium Isaac Takser, Brazil Mrs. Gertrude Landy, Gt. Britain Jehuda Tubin, Israel Max Lewko, USA Meir Yaari, Israel Jacob Marrus, USA Chaim Nitzan, Israel B. Representatives of Organizations Samuel O-hayon, Israel W.I.Z.O. Rabbi Bernard A. Poupko, USA Elected according to Resolution 131, b Lazar Pugatsch, Switzerland Mrs. Dvorah Rabinowitz, Israel Mrs. Chani Bergman, Israel Jakub Sagalowicz, France Mrs. Aya Dinstein, Israel Dr. Maurice Sage, USA Mrs. Daliah Gothan, Israel Joseph Wilon, USA Mrs. Fay Grove Pollak, Israel Shalom Zilberfarb, Israel Mrs. Dvorah Kaddish, Israel Mrs. Aliza Keren, Israel World Union of Herut-Hatzohar Mrs. Hanna Levin, Israel Mrs. Zilla Amidror, Israel Mrs. Bluette Nordmann, Switzerland Zecharia Amrani, Israel Mrs. Judith Shechterman, Israel Shlomo Ariav, Israel Mrs. Lola Snirer, Israel 55 Youth Movements Itzo Safro, Argentina Elected according to Resolution 131, c Zalman Shmonowitz, Argentina Elie Argaman, Israel A. Shmueli, Israel I. Barkai, Israel David Shprung, USA Amnon Barzel, Israel A. Stern, Israel Amos Ben-Israel, Israel Miss Ethel Vanger, Brazil Isaac Berkowitz, Argentina Teddy Vermont, USA-Israel Yaakov Drori, Israel Bernie Weisberg, USA Mario Eisenberg, Argentina Miss Debby Weissman, Israel Silvio Feldman, Argentina Meir Zipori, USA Nissan Harpaz, Israel Miss Shirley Hollander, Israel World Union of Jewish Students Tsemach Jacobson, Sweden Elected according to Resolution 131, c Neville Kong, USA Maurice Ben-Hayoun, France Arieh Kosmanis, Uruguay Malcolm Hoenline, USA Steve Lerman, Gt. Britain Edy Kaufman, France-Israel Shalom Martziano, Israel David Newman, Australia David Mittelberg, Australia Justin Phillips, Israel Gert Nathan, Peru Edy Rauch, South Africa Joseph Pick, Israel Ariel Whine, Israel Hillel Radzinski, Israel Dov Yanai, Israel Solly Sacks, South Africa

132. Legal Bodies (a) By virtue of article 54 of the Constitution Congress elects as Chairman of the Congress Tribunal Justice Moshe Landau

(b) By virtue of article 53 of the Constitution Congress elects as Attorney of the World Zionist Organization Adv. Zvi Klementinovsky

(c) By virtue of article 54 of the Constitution Congress elects the following as Deputy-Chairmen of the Congress Tribunal: Prof. Benjamin Akzin, Israel Dr. David Merez, Israel Dr. Reuben Gafni, Israel Adv. Samuel Ussishkin, Israel Judge Louis E. Levinthal, USA and the following as Members of the Congress Tribunal: Adv. Mordechai Avniel, Israel Adv. Eleazar Lipsky, USA Adv. David Bar-Rav-Hai, Israel Judge I. A. Maisels, South Africa Zev Baumgold, USA Dr. Chaim Pazner, Israel Adv. David S. Bern, USA Adv. Aaron Polonsky, Israel Adv. Louis Bloomfield, Canada Adv. Yaacov Schechter, Israel Prof. Andre Chouraqui, Israel Judge Dr. Benzion Shershewsky, Israel Adv. Janus Cohen, Gt. Britain Adv. Yitzchak Shvo, Israel Adv. David Glazer, Israel Adv. Jacob Yinon, Israel Adv. Abraham Karff, USA

56 and the following as Deputies to the Attorney of the World Zionist Organization:

Adv. David Herman, Israel Adv. Joseph Kushnier, Israel

133. Office of the Comptroller Congress elects Mr. Meir Benzion Meiri as Comptroller of the Zionist Organization—The Jewish Agency.

57 LIST OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS

I. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS WITH VOTING RIGHTS

A. DELEGATES ABBREVIATIONS Avoda — Labour Zionist Movement Union — World Union of General Zionists Conf. — World Confederation of General Zionists Mizrachi — Mizrachi-Hapoel Hamizrachi Herut — World Union of Tnuat Herut-Hatzohar Mapam — World Union of Mapam Wizo — Women's International Zionist Organization Unaf. — Unaffiliated Delegates marked * resigned during Congress and were replaced by Deputy- Delegates. Abuchazira, Rabbi Itzhak, Mizrachi, Benveniste, Victor; Conf., France Israel* Berger, Kalman; Avoda, Canada Adelman, Eva; Mizrachi, USA Berkovitz, Jacob; Avoda, Israel Aizemberg, Meir; Avoda, Argentina Bernstein, Mrs. Nathan; Conf., U.S.A. Albala, Hiram; Conf., World List Benjamin, Miss Julliet N.; Conf., U.S.A. Alhanatis, Daniel S.; Conf. Greece* Berman, Elihu; Union, U.S.A. Alkow, Jacob; Union, United States Berman, Mrs. Philip; Conf., U.S.A. Amar, Moshe; Mapam, Israel Bern, David S.; Union, U.S.A. Amidror, Zila; Herut, Israel* Bernholz, Jacob; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Almog, Dr. Zvi; Avoda, Israel Bibrowski, Henri; Avoda, Belgium Arditi, Jaim; Union, Chile Bick, Charles; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Ariav, Shlomo; Herut, Israel Bigun, Dov; Avoda, France Arieli, Mordechai; Union, Israel* Bilicki, Eliahou; Mizrachi, Belgium Arnon, Moshe; Avoda, Israel Blanshay, Mrs. Dvora; Avoda, Canada Aron, Roberto; Union, Israel Blecher, Dr. Jacob; Avoda, Israel Assa, Jerachmiel; Avoda, Israel Bliti, Dr. Meir; Avoda, Israel Asulin, Moshe; Avoda, Israel Bloch, Dr. Abraham; Mapam, Israel* Auerbach, Yoshua; Union, Israel Bloomfield, Mrs. B.M.; Conf., Canada* Avidan, Dov; Union, Israel Bloomfield, Nary; WIZO, Canada Avidor, Israel; Avoda, Israel* Boguchval, Mordechai; Mapam, Brazil Avigur, Shaul; Avoda, Israel Boigman, Jacob; Mizrachi, France* Avizemer, Shimon; Avoda, Israel Bornstein, Idi; Mizrachi, Sweden Ayalon, Zvi; Mizrachi, Israel* Bornstein, Jack; Avoda, Israel Borsuk, M.; Conf., South Africa* Badt, Heinz; Union, Switzerland Bouskila, M.; Unaf., France Banian, G.; Avoda, Iran Braude, Dr. Jacob; Mizrachi, Britain Bar-Levav, Isaac; Union, Israel* Breslau, David; Avoda, Israel Barakat, Ruben; Avoda, Israel Broder, Menashe; Avoda, Canada Baruch, Anna; WIZO, Italy Bronner, Rabbi J.; Mizrachi, Bash, Rafael; Avoda, Israel South Africa Baumgold, Zev; Avoda, U.S.A. Bursk, Anita; Conf., Britain Beit-Halevi, I.; Avoda, Israel Burson, Leo, R.; Conf., U.S.A. Ben-Aharon, Itzhak; Avoda, Israel* Ben-Eliezer, Hanah; Herut, Israel* Cohen, David; Herut, Israel* Ben-Yair, Meir; Herut, Israel* Cahanov, Itzhak; Union, Israel Benek, Isaac; Avoda, Argentina* Carmely, Harold, W.; Union, U.S.A.* Benveniste, Dr. Elie; Conf., France Ghabushi, Eliahu; Herut, Israel 59 Chanan, E.; Conf., Britain Feuer, Max; Union, Argentina Choina, Bessie; Avoda, U.S.A. Firer, Marcus; Avoda, Brazil Chosyd, Simon; Avoda, Argentina* Fisher, Mendel N.; Union, U.S.A. Chouraqui, Prof. Andre; Avoda, Israel Forman, Max; Conf., Canada Ciporen, Meir; Avoda, U.S.A. Fox, Dr. I.S.; Conf., Britain Cohen, Aron; Mizrachi, Israel Frenkel, Yeshajahu; Mizrachi, Mexico Cohen, Beno; Union, Israel* Freund, Dr. Miriam; Conf., U.S.A. Cohen, David; Mapam, Israel Friedlander, Emanuel; Union, Israel Cohen, Dr. Emanuel; Herut, Israel Friedman, Israel; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Cohen, H.; Conf., South Africa Friedman, Rabbi Israel E.; Mizrachi Cohen, Israel; Avoda, Israel U.S.A. Cohen, Jean; Union, Israel Frydman, Rabbi Meir; Mizrachi, Britain Cohen, Mrs. D. Leonard; Conf., U.S.A. Fuchs, Karl; Avoda, Austria Cohen, Lily; Avoda, Israel Cohen, Ruben; Avoda, Israel Gafni, Mrs. Reuben; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Corre, John; Conf., Britain Gafni, Dr. Ruben; World List, Mizrachi Cruso, Pinchas; Avoda, U.S.A. Gaimanes, Salomon; Union, Argentina Cynowicz, Hersh; Conf., India Getz, Itzhak; Mizrachi, Israel Cyperstein, Rabbi Avigdor; Mizrachi, Gewelber, Abraham; Avoda, Israel U.S.A. Gibraltar, Josef; Mizrachi, Israel Gilboa, Moshe; Avoda, Israel Dab, Dr. Jacob; Herut, Israel Gilboa, Uri; Avoda, Israel Daian, Marcos; Union, Argentina Giloni, Morris; Herut, U.S.A.* Dana, Mrs. Leo I.; Conf., U.S.A. Gingold, Bernard; Avoda, U.S.A. Denemark, Baruj; Mizrachi, Argentina Gingold, Miriam; Avoda, U.S.A. Devor, John R.; Conf. Canada Ginsbourg, Dr. Benjamin; Mapam, Djian, Gilberte; WIZO, France France Doppelt, Mrs. Julius; Conf., U.S.A. Gitelman, Mrs. Louis; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Dorfman, Mrs. William, K.; Conf. Givoni, Jechiel; Herut, Israel* U.S.A. Givoni, BenZion; Herut, Israel Dorison, Nathan; Avoda, U.S.A. Glasserman, Oscar; Union, Argentina Doron, Dr. Chaim; Avoda, Israel Gleiser, Samuel; Avoda, Chile Dotan, Abraham; Union, Israel Goelman, Eliezer; Mizrachi, Israel Drublas, Matityahu; Herut, Israel Golan, Isaac; Union, Israel Dubovsky, I.; Avoda, Argentina Golan, Ruben; Avoda, Israel Dunski, Israel; Union, Israel Gold, Moshe; Herut, Israel* Duvdevani, Baruch; Mizrachi, Israel Goldberg, Mrs. Hannah L.; Conf., U.S.A. Eilati, Dr. Naftali; Mizrachi, Israel Goldberg, Sidney; Avoda, Britain Eisen, Jesse; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Goldfarb, Mates; Avoda, Argentina* Eisenberg, Rabbi Dr. Akiba; Mizrachi, Goldman, Paul L.; Avoda, U.S.A. Austria Goldstein, Israel K.; Avoda, U.S.A. Eisenberg, Itzhak; Union, Israel Goldstein, Mrs. Samuel; Mizrachi, Elkayam, Mordechai; Avoda, Israel U.S.A. Emde van, S.L.; WIZO, Holland Goldzimer, Mrs. Isidore; Conf., U.S.A. Epstein, Beinesh; Herut, U.S.A. Goody, Max; Conf., Canada Epstein, David; Herut, U.S.A. Gorodetzki, Dina; WIZO, Argentina Epstein, Idel; World List, Conf. Gottesman, Mrs. Benjamin; Conf., Epstein, Max; Avoda, Chile U.S.A. Epstein, Mrs. Moses; Conf. U.S.A. Gotthelf, Jehuda; Avoda, Israel Ettinger, Shoolem; Union, U.S.A. Gould, Valerie; Conf., Britain Ever-Cohen, Josef; Union, Israel* Greenblatt, Joseph; Herut, U.S.A. Grin, Toni; Avoda, Israel Fainguersh, Gregorio; Avoda, Argentina Grossman, Chaya; Mapam, Israel Fainerman, Usi; Avoda, Israel Grubart, Harold; Avoda, U.S.A. Falk, Louis A.; Conf., U.S.A. Gubkin, Mario I.; Herut, Argentina Feder, Dr. Sarah; Avoda, U.S.A. Guez, Mathilda; Avoda, Israel Federman, Max; Avoda, Canada Guez, Ora; Avoda, Israel Feingold, Norman; Conf., Britain Feinstein, Dr. Lazaro; Union, Peru Hacohen, Rabbi Menachem; Avoda, Feldman, Robert; Avoda, Canada Israel Ferster, Bernard; Union, Australia Had dad, Ezra; Avoda, Israel 60 Hal, van der, J.S.; Conf., Holland Kessler, Hana; WIZO, Australia Halevy, Jacob; Conf., Britain Kirshblum, Rabbi I. Usher; Union, Halpern, Dr. Jacob; Herut, Brazil U.S.A. Halprin, Mrs. Samuel W.; Conf., U.S.A. Klarman, Josef; Herut, Israel Hamburger, Sivan; Labor, U.S.A. Klepfisz, Jonathan; Herut, Australia Hamilton, Joseph; Union, U.S.A. Klibanov, Shulamit; Avoda, Israel Handler, Arieh L.; Mizrachi, Britain Kopelowitz, Dr. Lionel; Conf., Britain Hartley, Mrs. Samuel H.; Conf., U.S.A. Korn, Itzhak; Avoda, Israel Hasin, Ascher; Avoda, Israel Kosiner, Elene; Avoda, Argentina Hason, Abraham; Union, Israel Krakauer, Kurt; Union, Brazil Havkin, Geula; Avoda, Israel Kramarsky, Mrs. Siegfried; Conf., Hayman, Julius; Conf., Canada U.S.A. Hebel, Arnoldo; Union, Chile Krashinski, Ruben; Avoda, Argentina* Herman, Prof. Shimon; Avoda, Israel Kremerman, Josef; Herut, Israel Herzog, Mrs. Sara; Mizrachi, Israel* Krone, Moshe; Mizrachi, Israel Herzog, Mrs. Sol; Conf., U.S.A. Krumbein, Abraham; Union, U.S.A. Hilbuj, Sebastian; Avoda, Argentina Kurtz, Dr. Moshe Arie; Mizrachi, Israel Hirsch, Valia; Mapam, U.S.A. Hirsch, Zoltan; Avoda, Israel* Landau, Mrs. Joseph; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Hirschhorn, Joseph; Avoda, France Landy, Gertrud; Mizrachi, Britain Hollander, Naftali; Mizrachi, Israel Langnas, Dr. Saul; Union, Israel Horowitz, Arieh; Herut, Italy Lebedoff, Mrs. Martin; Conf., U.S.A. Hun, Elias; Union, Bolivia Lederman, Moshe; Conf., Britain Hurwitz, Harry; Herut, South Africa Leff, Clara; Avoda, U.S.A. Lefkowitz, Union, U.S.A.* Idelson, Beba; Avoda, Israel Leifer, Mrs. Aaron; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Ilutovich, Leon; Union, U.S.A. Lerman, Mordechai; Avoda, France Israeli, Eliezer; Avoda, Israel Leszcz, Chiel; Herat, Israel* Israeli, Josef; Avoda, Israel Levi, Dr. Harry; Herut, U.S.A. Levin, Hannah; WIZO, Israel Jacobson, Mrs. Mortimer; Conf., U.S.A. Levin, Mrs. B. Robert; Conf., U.S.A. Jacobson, Nathan; Unaf., Australia Levy, Eliahu; Herut, Israel* Jaffe, Benjamin; Union, Israel Levy, Yehoshua; Avoda, Israel Jamitovsky, Anita; WIZO, Uruguay Levinsky, Akiva; Avoda, Israel Jezierski, Isaac L.; Avoda, Britain* Lewin, Kalman; Avoda, Israel Josef, Dov; Avoda, Israel Levy, L.; Conf., South Africa Josefstal, Senta; Avoda, Israel Levy, Shlomo; Mizrachi, Israel Judenfreund, Arieh, Mizrachi, Israel Lewkowicz, Netanel; Union, Belgium Lieberman, Morris; Avoda, U.S.A. Kahan, Fred; Union, U.S.A. Lieff, Mrs. I.I.; Mizrachi, Canada Kahn, Dr. Meir; Herut, Israel Liff, J. Abe; Union, U.S.A.* Kahan, Eduardo Santiago; Mapam, Lindner, Meir; Avoda, Israel Argentina Lisak, Zeev; Herat, Uruguay Kahak, S.; World List Conf. Lisman, Rabbi Mordechai; Herut, Israel Kagan, Moshe; Mapam, U.S.A. Liuzzi, Dr. Franco; Mapam, Italy Kairys, Mrs. Harry; Conf., U.S.A. Lubliner, Zvi; Mapam, Israel Kalish, Rivoli; Avoda, U.S.A. Lozabnick, Mrs. Oscar; Conf., U.S.A.* Kamin, Baruch; Avoda, Israel Luria, Shlomo; Avoda, Israel Kaplan, Sam; Avoda, U.S.A. Lusterman, Mrs. Edward A.; Conf., Karduner, Fanny; Avoda, Argentina U.S.A. Karff, Abraham S.; Union, U.S.A. Lustiger, Arno; Union, Germany Karmanian, Moshe; Avoda, Iran Luzemburg, Aron; Union, France* Kass, Bela; World List-Herut Kass, B.W.; Union, Rhodesia Marcus, S.; Mapam, Britain Katz, Boris M.; Union, U.S.A. Mason, Mrs. Irvin H.; Conf., U.S.A. Katz, Herzl; Herut, South Africa Matz, Aron; Avoda, Brazil Katz, Ray; WIZO, South Africa Matzkin, Mrs. Max; Conf., U.S.A. Katz, Mrs. Saul; Conf., U.S.A. Mauer, Shlomo; Mizrachi, Britain Katzman, Jacob; Avoda, U.S.A. May, Mortimer; Union, U.S.A. Kaufman, Rose; Avoda, U.S.A. Mayan, Clara; Union, Israel* Kerem, Moshe; Avoda, Israel Melamed, Abraham; Mizrachi, Israel Kesse, Yona; Avoda, Israel Mendelson, Jacob; Avoda, Israel 61 Mercer, Julian; Union, Australia Ravenna, Leone; Avoda, Italy* Merenfeld, Ruben; Union, Venezuela Razin, Neta; Avoda, Israel Messer, Moritz; Conf., Sweden Resch, Max; Avoda, Brazil* Michael, Hana; Mizrachi, Israel Rivlin, Moshe; Union, U.S.A. Michonik, Jack; Union, Colombia Rivlin-Guri, Hana; Avoda, Israel* Miller, Dr. S.A.; Avoda, Britain Robbins, Dr. Norton J.; Union, U.S.A.* Milner, Ben; Herut, Canada Roitman, Rabbi P.; Mizrachi, France Miller, Rabbi Irving; Union, U.S.A.* Ronen, Elazar; Mapam, Mexico Mindel, Barry; Mizrachi, Britain Rose, Mrs. Joseph; Conf., U.S.A. Miodovnik, Moshe; Avoda, South Africa Roseby, Isaac; Avoda, Australia Mizrachi, Isaac; Avoda, Argentina Rosier, Esther; Herut, Israel* Modai Itzhak; Union, Israel* Ross, Mrs. Charles; Conf., U.S.A. Moreh, B.; Mizrachi, Iran Ross, Howard; Avoda, Britain Moreh, Abraham; Mizrachi, Iran Rothbard, Dvorah; Avoda, U.S.A. Moskowitz, David; Union, U.S.A. Rotenberg, Sarah; Mapam, Israel* Muck, Dr. Joachim; Union, Austria Rothberg, Samuel; Conf., U.S.A.* Rothstein, Samuel; Conf., U.S.A.* Nachmias, Joseph; Avoda, Israel* Rozen, Dr. Victor; Avoda, Uruguay Nachshen, Israel; Mapam, Canada Rubinstein, Abraham; Mizrachi, Nadiv, Shabtai; Herut, Israel Argentina Nehari, Rabbi Moshe Zvi; Mizrachi, Rubinstein, Clara; Avoda, U.S.A. Israel* Rubinstein, Leon; Avoda, U.S.A. Nemirovsky, Dr. Pascual; Conf., Uruguay Sacher, M.; United Zionist Federation, Neuman, Dr. Emanuel; Union, U.S.A.* South Africa Nolman, Issa; WIZO, Brazil Sacks, L.; United Zionist Association, Nussbaum, Dr. Max; Union, U.S.A.* South Africa Nutels, David; Mapam, Chile Sacks, Mrs. Max; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Saferstein, David; Mapam, U.S.A. Oderberg, Moshe; Avoda, U.S.A. Safro, Paul; Union, U.S.A. Sagalowicz, Mizrachi, France Padawer, Berish; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Sagalowitz, Dr. B.; Labour, Switzerland Padvilevicz, Ing. Jacob; Avoda, Mexico Salomon, Abram; Union, U.S.A. Paldi, Menachem; Herut, Israel Salpeter, High; Conf., U.S.A. Papirnik, Chaim; Avoda, Israel Samson, E.; Mizrachi, Canada Parnas, Ernesto; Avoda, Argentina Saps, Elias; Union, Uruguay Patt, Gideon; Union, Israel Schacht, Lawrence; Conf., U.S.A. Paz, Jehuda; Avoda, Israel Schaumann, Prof. David; Mizrachi, Peckacz, Pesah; Avoda, Israel Italy Peleg, Menachem; Avoda, Israel Schenk, Max; Conf., U.S.A. Peres, Shimon; Avoda, Israel Schechterman, Abraham; Herut, Israel Perlman, Mrs. Nathan D.; Conf., Scherf, Bernard; Union, U.S.A. U.S.A. Schikler, Zev; Union, Israel* Perlmutter, Josef; Avoda, Israel Schoolman, Albert P.; Conf., U.S.A. Pickel, Carol; Union, U.S.A.* Schetzer, Aba; Herut, Israel* Pinchasi, Israel; Mapam, Israel Schuster, Rabbi Aron; Mizrachi, Pinner, Chaim; Avoda, Britain Holland Pinto, Roger; Avoda, France Schuster, Jehuda; Avoda, Israel Polak, Moshe; Mizrachi, Israel* Schwartz, Oser; Avoda, Israel Polak, Israel; Avoda, Israel Schwartz, Stephan; Avoda, Germany Polerwitz, Yecheskel; Herut, Israel* Schweitzer, Shlomo; Avoda, Israel Popkin, Mrs. Morris; Conf., U.S.A. Seidman, Otto; Herut, South Africa Poryngier, Simha; Mapam, Belgium Sendo, David; Avoda, Israel Pugatsch, Lasar; Mizrachi, Switzerland Serlin, Josef; Union, Israel Schainhouse, Sam; World List-Herat Raalte, van, Theodor Philips; Avoda, Shaki, Abraham; Mizrachi, Israel* Holland Shamir, Bonim; Mapam, Israel Radzichowski, Ing. Naum; Avoda, Shapira, Isaac; Avoda, Israel Argentina Shapiro, Aliazer; Union, Mexico Radzinsky, H.; Avoda, Israel Shapiro, Ezra; Conf., U.S.A. Rafalin, Rafael; Herut, Mexico Shapiro, Zev; Avoda, Israel Rahamim, Dr. N.; Unaf. Shaw, Cllr. Ben; Avoda, Britain 62 Shemesh, Zvi; Herut, Israel* Treller, Dr. Emanuel; Herut, U.S.A. Shila, Israel; Herut, Israel* Triwaks, Rirsch; Avoda, Argentina Shitnowitzer, Shlomo; Herut, Israel Trope, H.; Poalei Zion of South Africa, Shipton, Sidney; Conf., Britain South Africa* Shmidman, Rabbi Isaac; Mizrachi, Tupfman, Moshe; Avoda, Belgium U.S.A. Turover, I.S.; Union, U.S.A. Shmueli, Isaac; Herut, Israel* Tuvin, Yehuda; Mapam, Israel Shmulian, R.; Avoda, Iran Tzamir, Dov; Avoda, Israel Shore, Sol L.; Conf., U.S.A. Shneerson, Pinchas; Mapam, Israel Usdan, Israel; Conf., U.S.A. Shoshani, Itzhak; Mapam, Israel Uzelson, Dr. Aron; Cherut Tzohar, Shteinshleifer; Union, U.S.A. France Shubow, Rabbi Joseph S.; Union, U.S.A. Verdi, Jack; Union, U.S.A. Vineberg, Chana; Mapam, U.S.A. Shulman, Rebecca; Conf., U.S.A. Viterbo, Dr. Carlo Alberto; Conf., Silberberg, Abraham; Avoda, Israel Italy Silberfarb, Shalom; Mizrachi, Israel Silberman, Meir; Avoda, Israel Wach, Moche; Cherut Tzohar, Belgium Simchonith, Jehudith; Avoda, Israel Wachtel, Dr. Helena; Union, Denmark Simon, Effie; Labor, U.S.A. Warzaguer, Jaime; Labour, Uruguay Simone, Prof. D.; Conf., Holland* Wasoly, Eliezer; Avoda, Israel Singer, B.; Poalei Zion of South Africa, Warszawski, I.; Conf., France South Africa Waskewitz, Bath-Sheva; Union, Israel* Singer, Samuel D.; United Labor, Webber, Carmel; WIZO, Britain U.S.A. Weinberg, Leah; Labor, U.S.A. Skurnik, Aron; Mizrachi, Israel* Weiner, Zeev; Avoda, Israel S la tin, Sol; Union, U.S.A. Weinreb, P.; Avoda, Sweden Slomovitz, Philip; Union, U.S.A. Weinstein, Rabbi Dr. J.; Mizrachi, Slunski, Abraham; Mapam, Israel Australia Sokol, Nachman; Mizrachi, Canada Weisman, Herman L.; Union, U.S.A. Spector, Carl; Conf., U.S.A. Weiss, Itzhak; Union, Israel Sperber, Rabbi Samuel, Mizrachi, Welan, R.; Avoda, Britain Britain Werber, Reuben; Mizrachi, U.S.A.* Spicehandler, Dr. Esra; Avoda, U.S.A. Weschler, Adolfo; Mapam, Argentina Sokolov, Josef; Mizrachi, U.S.A.* Wiener, Yeshiahu; Mapam, Israel Starkman, Max; Union, Argentina Wilon, Joseph; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Stolarsky, Israel; Labor, U.S.A. Winberg, Josef; Union, France Strauch, Zerach; Union, Israel* Weintraub, Samuel; Union, Israel Szapiro, Jose; Herut, Argentina Wigder, Samuel; Union, U.S.A. Szeja, Sender R.; Labour, France Wisenthal, Mrs. H.; Conf., Canada Sznajderman, Clara; WIZO, Venezuela Woolfson, Edward; Conf., Britain Wortman, Moshe; Avoda, Israel Tabacznik, David; Avoda, Israel Wyler, Dr. Veit; no party (Mapam), Tabak, Rabbi Israel; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Switzerland Tabenkin, Itzhak; Avoda, Israel Talis, Gil; Mapam, Argentina Yachil, Dr. Chaim; Avoda, Israel Talmi, Meir; Mapam, Israel* Yadid, Menachem; Herut, Israel* Tarshish, Abraham; Avoda, Israel Yadlin, Aron; Avoda, Israel Tavin, Eliezer; Herut, Israel Yaffe, Richard; Mapam, U.S.A. Taxer, Isaac; Mapam, Brazil Yagol, Yona; Avoda, Israel Tchursch, Rabbi Katriel F.; Yarden, Hanan R.; Union, U.S.A. Mizrachi, Israel Yedwab, Dr. Moises; Mapam, Uruguay Teichman, Haim; Union, Israel Yekarkner, S.; Union, Israel* Teiman, Norman; Herut, U.S.A. Yenish, Joseph; Avoda, U.S.A. Teller, Benjamin; Labor, U.S.A. Yeshayahu, Israel; Avoda, Israel Tenenbaum, Leo; Mizrachi, Uruguay* Yonatan, Natan; Mapam, Israel Tessa, Chaim; Herut, Israel Tirosh, Josef; World List Mizrachi Zackler, Esther; Labor, U.S.A. Torczyner, Jacques; Union, U.S.A.* Zagor, Rosa; Avoda, Brazil Toronczyk, Wolf; Conf., France Zales, Samuel; Conf., U.S.A. Tory, Abraham; Union, Israel Zambrowsky, Rabbi S.H.; Mizrachi, Treger, Isaac; Union, Brazil Canada 63 Zelas, John; World Union, Zucker, Herman; Avoda, U.S.A. New Zealand* Zuckerman, Joseph P.; Avoda, U.S.A.* Zimant, David; Union, Israel Zur, Shimon; Avoda, Israel Zohar, Dr. Zvi; Mapam, Israel Zur, Zev; Avoda, Israel

B. DEPUTY DELEGATES APPOINTED DURING CONGRESS INSTEAD OF DELEGATES WHO RESIGNED Abrahami, A.; Union, Israel Levy, Rabbi M.; Union, U.S.A. Abramovitz, N.; Union, U.S.A. Leszcz, Y.; Herut, U.S.A. Amidror, Z.; Herut, Israel Lieberman, J.; Union, Israel Avidor, A.; Union, Israel Lipsky, E.; Confederation, U.S.A. Avigur, Sh.; Avoda, Israel Machnai, J.; Herut, Israel Ayalon, Z.; Mizrachi, Israel Mann, Dr. J.; Union, Israel Becker, A.; Mizrachi, Israel Miller, Dr. A.; Confederation, Ben David, D.; Herut, Israel South Afrca Ben Tov, A.; Union, Israel Mirkin, D.; Herut, Israel Benski, Y.; Mizrachi, Israel Moreh, B.; Mizrachi Blinder, Z.; Avoda, Argentina Navon, Y.; Avoda, Israel Boigman, J.; Mizrachi, France Ochayon, S.; Mizrachi, Israel Bronstein, Y.; Herut, Israel Pastrigash, M.; Avoda, Argentina Cohen, B.B.; Union, U.S.A. Pinner, Dr. Ludwing; Union, Israel Cohen, F.; Confederation, Britain Polakewitz, M.; Union, Israel Daiskal, M.; Herut, Israel Rabania; Avoda, Israel Dector, R.; Avoda, South Africa Reches, J.; Union, Israel Douvdevani, B.; Mizrachi, Israel Reiter, A.; Union, France Einis, F.; Union, U.S.A. Riebenfeld, Dr. P.; Union, U.S.A. Erenberg, E.; Mizrachi, Austria Ronen, E.; Avoda, Israel Even, E.; Herut, Israel Rosen Zvi, Dr. B. Z.; Mizrachi, Israel Feingold, N.; Confederation, Britain Rosenblatt, J.; Confederation, France Feuer, M.; Union, Argentina Rosing, D.; Herut, Israel Finkelstein, D.; Avoda, Israel Rossi, R.; Avoda, Italy Freilich, H.; Avoda, U.S.A. Rotenberg, Dr. I.; Mappam, Israel Fuchs, K.; Avoda, Austria Salzmann, M.; Avoda, Israel Fussman, J.; Union, Israel Saposhnikov, G.; Avoda, Argentina Gali, J.; Avoda, Israel Schechter, M.; Herut, Israel Gang, N.; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Schutzberg, J.; Mapam, Israel Giladia, Doodai, Israel Schleiffer, E.; Avoda, Israel Goldman, W.; Confederation, U.S.A. Shakinovsky, H.; Confederation, Goldstein, P.; Union, Israel South Africa Gordon, Rabbi H.; Union, U.S.A. Shapiro, Z. E.; Confederation, U.S.A. Gotlieb, S.; Mizrachi, Uruguay Simantov, S.; Avoda, Israel Greenwald, H.; Union, U.S.A. Slochovsky, Y.; Herut, Israel Grunberg, A.; Avoda, Argentina Stein, I.; Avoda, Israel Gvili, A.; Avoda, Israel Tabori, Rabbi Z.; Mizrachi, U.S.A. Hadad, Ch.; Confederation, Greece Tarnoff, M. R.; Union, U.S.A. Hermesh, Ch.; Union, Israel Warhafting D.; Herut, Israel Hoffman, J.; Union, U.S.A. Weinreb, H.; Union, U.S.A. Jaimison, L.; Herut, Israel Wicon, Y.; Mizrachi, U.S.A. James, L.; Confederation, Canada Wolberg, Y.; Mizrachi, Israel Karnovski, M.; Herut, Israel Yanon, M.; Mizrachi, Israel Lev, Dr. E.; Herut, Israel Yedwab, Dr. Moises; Mizrachi, Uruguay Lev, R.; Mapam, Israel Zelas, P.; Union, New Zealand Levi, D.; Herut, Israel Zuckerman, D.; Union, U.S.A. Levi, M.; Herut, Israel Zynstein, Sh.; Avoda, U.S.A. Levy, I.; Avoda, Britain

64 C. DELEGATES OF YOUTH MOVEMENTS, STUDENTS AND ALIYA MOVEMENTS

(1) YOUTH DELEGATION Aharoni, Lipa; Israel, Bnei Akiba Lazar, Julio; Brazil, Bne Akiva Argaman, Eli; Israel, Ha-Tzofim Lerman, Steve; Britain, Ichud Habonim Balsam, Arnold; U.S.A., Massada Leib, Meir; Argentina, Betar Barkay, Yehuda; Israel, Hatzofim Leitner, Andrea; U.S.A. Benhayun, Maurice; France, C.A.E.S. Levi, Richard; Argentina, Volunteers Blansh, Mordechai; Israel, Hashomer Organization Hatzair Levinger, Yaacov; Israel, Bnei Akiva Blake, Charles; Britain, Youth Mapam Marshavsky, Sonia; Israel, Dror Belinski, Zvi; Israel, Hanoar Haoved Meiri, Hamutal; Israel, Hanoar Haoved Cohn, Fleming; Scandinavia Meirowitch, Asher; Israel, Maccabi Caplin, Rafi; Halutzic Movements Menachem, Boaz; Argentina, Abroad-Israel Lamerchav Eizenstock, Michel; Belgium, Mittelberg, David; Australia, Ichud Darkeny Movement Habonim Eliasov, John; South Africa, Zion, Moussai, Victoria; Youth Movement Youth Council Nathan, Gerthold; Peru, Maccabi Elmalech, Simon; France, Tora ve Zion Nigus, Chaim; Israel, Bnei Akiva Frenkel, Itzchak; Israel, Macabi Hatzair Olmert, Ehud; Israel, Hanoar Haoved Glucksberg, Eliezer; Israel, Haleumi Ichud Habonim Peizer, Carlos; Uruguay, Youth Front Goldberg, Arlette; France, Hamishmar, Pinto, Maurice; France, Bilu, Paris Paris Rogosin, Leo; Israel, Betar Goldstein, Dan; United States, Saidon, Oswaldo; Argentina, Hashomer Hatzair Techezakna Goldstein, Steve; Britain, Hanoar Salini, Israel; Israel, Hashomer Hatzair Hatzioni Saperstein, Mark; U.S.A. Goued (Guez), Bernard; France, Dror Schwartzman, Sergio; Argentina, Dror Grinbaum, Ezra; Israel, Machanot Silas, Tabby; Britain, Young Zion Haolim Federation Grynberg, Harry; Israel, Hashomer Simonovich, Anselmo; Argentina, Hatzair Maccabi Haberman, Eytan; Israel, Betar Singer, Tova; Israel, Dror Hankin, Yehuda; U.S.A., Mizrachi Slavinski, Mario; Argentina, Volunteers Youth Section Organization Harpaz, Nissan; Israel, Hanoar Haoved Shenderey, Alberto; Argentina, Local Haskel, Ruben; Uruguay Council of Jewish Youth Mov. Her, Sue; Israel, Ichud Habonim Shumansky, Felipe; Argentina, Hofman, Helen; Israel, Ichud Habonim Hashomer Hatzair Hollander, Sherley; Israel, Hanoar Shmueli, Aharon; Israel, Hanoar Hatzioni Hatzioni Ishai, Yacov; Israel, Hanoar Haoved Shrater, Shelley; U.S.A. Jacobson, Seth; Scandinavia, Singer, Maurice; Britain, Young Bnei Akiva Poalei Zion Jamilis, Alberto; Argentina, Spring, Dov; Israel, Betar Ichud Habonim Steiner, Aharon; Israel, Kasman, Robert; Canada, C ommunications—Lamerchav Young Judaea Tsur, Mucky; Israel, Hanoar Haoved Klagi, Ester; Israel, Bar Ilan-Bnei Akiba Verber, Reuven; U.S.A., Bnei Akiva Kosh, Raphael; Israel, Hanoar Hadati Weener, David; Britain, Youth HaOved Commission K.K.L. Kosmanis, Uri; Israel, Betar Weider, Gerald; U.S.A. Krukowsky, William; Uruguay, Weil, Gabi; Israel Hanoar Hatzioni Weintreter, Meir; France, Hug Avoda, Lamper, Ada; Israel, Hashomer Hatzair Paris Lane, Caroline; Britain, Mizrachi Wenguier, Etel Sara; Brazil, Hashomer Youth Section Hatzair 65 Weissman, Judi; U.S.A., Young Judaea Kaufman, Edy; France Zindelek, Moises; Brazil, Ichud Lewis, Malcolm, Britain Habonim Newman, David; Australia (2) STUDENTS DELEGATION Philips, Justin; Israel Amirav, Moshe; Israel Rahamim, Ikushalmi; Italy Bresller, Steve; U.S.A. Rauch, Eddy; Israel Castelnuovo, Daniel; Italy, FGEI Schwartzberg, Teodoro; Uruguay Gilboa. Eytan; Israel Shaked, Eli; Israel Gimpel, Sheldon; U.S.A. Zaudy, Bertil; Sweden Hausman, Gordon; Britain Strauss, Sidney; U.S.A. Hoenlein, Malcom; U.S.A. Wein, Yechiel; South Africa Hunter, Michael; Britain Yanai, Dov; Israel

(3) REPRESENTATIVES OF ALIYA MOVEMENTS Dayan, Abraham; Argentina Meyer, Dr. Charles; France Diesendruck, Judith; U.S.A. Olivestone, David; Britain Domb, Isaac; Belgium Rabey, Dr. Jose; Argentina Eppelbaum, David; France Roth, Morris; Britain Faifman, Eliezer; Argentina Saied, Carlos; Argentina (Youth Fresco, Robert; France Section) Halpern, Yaacov; U.S.A. Shindler, Pessach; U.S.A. Kleinman, Marcos; Argentina Silber, Moshe; Belgium Krukowsky, William; Uruguay Sverdin, Dr. Emilio; Argentina Luterstein, Jacobo; Argentina Tiefenbrun, Ivor; Britain Mansbach, Ismar; Brazil

II. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS WITHOUT VOTING RIGHTS

A. MEMBERS OF THE ZIONIST GENERAL COUNCIL Note: Members of the General Council who held mandates as Delegates figure in List No. 1. Amrani, Yechia; Herut Ginossar, Rosa; Wizo Amit, Jacob; Mapam Goldman, Paul L.; Avoda Arzi, Reuben; Mapam Gottesman, Esther; Confederation Bankower, Yosef; Avoda Granek, David Salomon; Bazak, Bezalel; Mizrachi Confederation* Benyaer, Meyer; Avoda Grove-Pollak, Fay; Wizo Ben Porat, Miriam; Wizo Guez, Mathilde; Avoda Bergman, Dr. Rabbi Bernard, Mizrachi Hartzfeld, Abraham; Virilist Bernstein, Yeshayahu; Mizrachi Hazan, Jacob; Mapam Bukspan, Dr. David; Herut Hurwitz, Harry; Herut Carmeli, Zwi (Harold) ; Union Ilutovich, Leon; Union Chemouny, Elie; Herut* Israeli, Joseph; Avoda Cypel, Jacques; Avoda Jacobson, Charlotte; Confederation Devor, John; Confederation Janner, Sir Barnett; Confederation Dinur, Prof. Benzion; Virilist Kafri, Sara; Avoda Drori, Jacob; Mizrachi* Kitron, Moshe; Avoda Eliash, Miriam; Mizrachi Korn, Itzhak; Avoda Elinson, Jehuda; Mizrachi Kotlowitz, Raphael; Herut Epstein, Judith; Confederation Kramarsky, Mrs. Siegfried; Fainguersh, Zvi; Avoda Confederation Fine, Hy; Avoda Kronitz, Leon; Avoda Finkelstein, Chaim; Avoda Krupnick, Shimshon; Mizrachi* Freilich, Max; Union Leff, Clara; Avoda Freund, Dr. Miriam; Confederation Levenberg, Dr. Sneur; Avoda Frymer, Dr. Berl; Avoda Lefkowitz, Jack; Union Gesang, Herzl; Union Levy, Daniel; Mizrachi * Deputy Members participating instead of Members who resigned. 66 Marrus, Jacob; Mizrachi Shay, Yeshayahu; Union Matzkin, Rose E.; Confederation* Silk, Donald; Confederation Meiri, B.M., Comptroller of the World Soroka, Hanoch; Avoda Zionist Organization-Jewish Agency Spector, Dorothy; Confederation Miller, Harold; Avoda Stolman, Rabbi Isaac; Mizrachi* Miron (Mirenburg), Shabtai; Virilist Stupp, Dr Abraham; Union Nathani, Izhak; Mapam Sultanik, Kalman; Confederation Niv, David; Herut Topiol, Meilich; Confederation Nussbaum, Dr. Max; Union Torczyner, Jacques; Union Perez, Perla; Mapam Trope, Harry; Avoda Pickel, Carol; Union Ussoskin, Moshe, Keren Hayesod Radzichowsky, Najman; Avoda Vodovotz, Dr. Marcos; Union Reiss, Anselm; Avoda Weinstein, Baruch; Union Remba, Aisik; Herut Weitz, Joseph, Keren Kayemet Leisrael Ritov, Israel; Avoda Yaari, Meir; Mapam Robbins, Dr. Morton J.; Union Yutan, David; Herut Rosen, Shlomo; Mapam Zambrowsky, Rabbi Tsemach M.; Rosenbaum, Pinchas; Mizrachi Mizrachi Sage, Dr. Maurice S.; Mizrachi Foerder, Dr. Yeshayahu, Jewish Schenk, Fay; Confederation Colonial Trust Shapiro, Ezra Z.; Confederation

B. HAMERKAZ HACHOFSHI** Bronfman, Moshe; Israel Schichman, Shabtai; Israel Israeli, Moshe; Israel Yanovski, Daniel; Israel Nas-El, Chaim; Israel

C. REPRESENTATIVES OF COMMUNITIES AND ORGANIZATIONS Abihsira, Yaacob; France—Comite de Kelman, Claude; France—Fonds Social Liaison des Associations Juives Ori- Juif Unifie de France and Standing ginaires d'Afrique du Nord Conference of European Jewish Com- Amar, Jacques; France—Comite de munity Services Liaison des Associations Juives Ori- Lamm, Judge Joseph Michael; Israel— ginaires d'Afrique du Nord World Order of B'nai B'rith Belasem, Jacques; France—Comite de Levovitz, Rabbi Pessach Z.; U.S.A.— Liaison des Associations Juives Origi- Rabbinical Council of America naires d'Afrique du Nord Menashe, Dr. Jose; Argentina—Movi- Berman, Rabbi Dr. Morton; U.S.A./Is- miento Sefaradi Sionista, Argentina rael—American Jewish Congress Nutels, David; Chile—Comite Repre- Cohen, Rabbi Moshe; U.S.A./Israel— sentativo de la Colectividad Israel Rabbinical Assembly of America de Chile* EInecave, Nissim, Argentina—Movi- Orenstein, Zalman; Argentina—Federa- miento Sefaradi Sionista Argentina cion de Comunidades Israelitas Ar- Faigon, Ing. Gregorio; Argentina—De- gentina (A.M.I.A.) legacion Asociaciones Israelitas Ar- Pinto, Roger; France—Comite de Liai- gentinas (D.A.I.A.) son des Associations Juives d'Origi- Fidler, Alderman Michael M., S.P.; naires d'Afrique du Nord England—Board of Deputies of Brit- Porter, Maurice; South Africa—South ish Jews African Jewish Board of Deputies Fisher, Max; U.S.A.—Council of Jew- Rayek, Alberto; Mexico—Comite Cen- tral Israelita de Mexico ish Federations and Welfare Funds Riegner, Dr. Gerhart; Switzerland— Gordon, Rabbi Harold H.; U.S.A.— World Jewish Congress Board of Rabbis of New York Schacter, Rabbi Hershel; U.S.A.—Con- Jacobson, Nathan; Australia—Executive ference of Presidents of Major Ame- Council of Australian Jews* rican Jewish Organizations * Representatives who participated in the Congress also as Delegates. ** The Executive, acting upon recommendation of the Congress Court, ac- credited 5 delegates of the "Hamerkaz Hachofshi", in advisory capacity. 67 Slilat, Ernest; Argentina—Movimiento can Jewish Joint Distribution Com- Sefaradi Sionista Argentina mittee Inc. Tarica, Jose; Argentina— Movimiento Zenouda, Julien; France—Comite de Sefaradi Sionista Argentina Liaison des Associations Juives d'Ori- Trobe, Harold; U.S.A./Israel—Ameri- ginaires d'Afrique du Nord

D. REPRESENTATIVES OF ZIONIST FEDERATIONS Maisels, Justice I.A.; South Africa— Miller, Rabbi Israel; U.S.A.—Chair- Chairman South African Zionist Fe- man American Zionist Council deration* Kurtz, Ziguismundo; Paraguay—Confe- deration Territorial Sionista.

E. REPRESENTATIVES OF EMERGENCY CAMPAIGNS Bernstein, I.; U.J.A., U.S.A. Maisels, Judge I.A.; U.I.A., South Boukstein, M.; U.J.A., U.S.A. Africa* Ehrenberg, H.; Keren Hayesod, F.R. Merenfeld, Dr. R.; Keren Hayesod, of Germany Venezuela* Epstein, I.; Keren Hayesod, Mexico* Morrison, H.; J.P.A., Britain Ferster, B.; U.I.A., Australia* Pollak, M.; Keren Hayesod, Chile Fisher, M.; U.J.A.-U.I.A., U.S.A. Swarsensky, H.; Keren Hayesod, Friedman, H.; U.J.A., U.S.A. Argentina Ghitlis, J.; Keren Hayesod, Italy Topiol, M.; U.J.A., France* Gluck, E.; Keren Hayesod, Sweden Trobe, H.; A.J.D.C., Israel Hammer, G.; U.I.A., U.S.A. Van der Hal, Dr. I.S.; Keren Hayesod, Harris, L.; U.I.A., Canada Holland* Krongold, H.; U.I.A., Australia Wyler, Dr. V.; Keren Hayesod, Lehman, Dr. E.; United Appeal, Israel Switzerland Levinson, M.; U.J.A., U.S.A.

F. LEGAL OFFICERS WHO ATTENDED CONGRESS Chairman of Congress Tribunal Judge Moshe Landau Gaphni, Dr. Reuben Levinthal, Judge Louis Merez, Dr. David Ussishkin, Adv. Samuel

Members of the Congress Tribunal Avniel, Adv. Mordechai Lipsky, Adv. Eliezer Baron, Adv. David Maisels, Judge I.A. Bar-Rav-Hai, Adv. David Pazner, Dr. Chaim Baumgold, Zev Schechter, Dr. Yaacov Cohn, Dr. Janus Shvo, Adv. Yitzchak Karff, Adv. Abraham Yinon, Adv. Jacob