Peacekeeping Operations and Other Missions - UNEF II
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Global Networks of Mediation: Prospects and Avenues for Finland As a Peacemaker
FIIA REPORT 32 FIIA REPORT 32 Global Global networks of mediation networks of Prospects and avenues for Finland as a peacemaker mediation Touko Piiparinen and Ville Brummer (eds.) This report analyses the evolving field of global peace mediation and examine different institutional solutions, cooperation mechanisms and Prospects and avenues for Finland as a peacemaker modes of action which Finland could adopt to perform successful mediation and to develop its mediation capacities. Touko Piiparinen and Ville Brummer (eds.) Today’s peace mediation involves a greater number and diversity of actors than ever before. States can no longer function as unitary actors, utilising governmental resources and official structures alone. Rather, states are embedded in global networks of regional and non-governmental actors such as local civil society actors and private diplomacy organisations, which they have to rely on in implementing mediation and negotiation processes. Therefore, the interface between official and unofficial sectors is becoming an ever more timely research object in the study of mediation. The present report will first aim to clarify the conceptual and theoretical framework of global networks of mediation and analyse their operations and structures. Upon that basis, the report will proceed to examine different approaches of states in mediation, their linkages to other actors and particularly Finland’s prospects as a peacemaker. ISBN 978-951-769-335-6 ISSN 1458-994X www.fiia.fi Global networks of mediation Prospects and avenues for -
The Netherlands and the Oil Crisis
aup_oilcrisis.def 10-09-2004 11:52 Pagina 1 Hellema | Wiebes | Witte Hellema | Wiebes Duco Hellema | Cees Wiebes | Toby Witte The Netherlands The Netherlands played a remarkable role during the October War and the oil and the Oil Crisis crisis of 1973. In secret, even before the Nixon government began an airlift to Business as Usual Israel, the Dutch government had already sent a substantial amount of weaponry like ammunition and spare parts to Israel. Within the EC the Dutch government vetoed Duco Hellema | Cees Wiebes | Toby Witte a more pro-Arab policy. The Arab oil producing countries punished The Netherlands by imposing an oil embargo. T he Netherlands and the Oil Crisis The embargo seemed to threaten the Dutch position in the international oil sector. However, within two months it turned out that oil continued to flow to Rotterdam. The The Netherlands Dutch, therefore, rejected French plans for a more interventionist EC energy policy. Atlanticism and liberalism were the key words of the Dutch policy. It was business as usual. and the Oil Crisis This book is the result of intensive research in all relevant Dutch archives. The authors had free access to many still classified governmental and private files. The result is Business as Usual a surprising analysis of the oil crisis of 1973, and of the Dutch role in particular. Duco Hellema is professor of the History of International Relations at the University of Utrecht. Cees Wiebes is senior lecturer at the Political Science Department of the University of Amsterdam. Toby Witte is lecturer in Political Science at the Rotterdam Polytechnic. -
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum (714) 983 9120 ◦ ◦ [email protected]
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum (714) 983 9120 ◦ http://www.nixonlibrary.gov ◦ [email protected] NAVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC CENTER FILM COLLECTION ● NPC-1211-091-69 Place holder for missing P number rolls (no date) Original Format: 16mm film Film. Cross Reference: 074-075. Reference copy may be created upon request. ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-0544 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969, Washington, D.C.) Original Format: 16mm film Film. Reference copy may be created upon request. ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-0981 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969, Washington, D.C.) Original Format: 16mm film Film. DVD reference copy available ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-1075 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969) Original Format: 16mm film Film. DVD reference copy available ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-1078 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969, Washington, D.C.) Original Format: 16mm film Film. Reference copy may be created upon request. Monday, August 06, 2018 Page 1 of 150 Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum (714) 983 9120 ◦ http://www.nixonlibrary.gov ◦ [email protected] NAVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC CENTER FILM COLLECTION ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-1951 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969, Washington, D.C.) Original Format: 16mm film Film. DVD reference copy available ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-2816 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969, Washington, D.C.) Keywords: Melvin Laird Original Format: 16mm film Film. Cross Reference: 074-075. DVD reference copy available ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-2877 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969, Washington, D.C.) Original Format: 16mm film Film. DVD reference copy available ● NPC-1211-091-69-P-5168 1969 Inauguration (1/20/1969, Washington, D.C.) Original Format: 16mm film Film. -
Hijacked JAL
Egypt says Israel pushing big Middle East explosion UNITED NATIONS (UPI)--Egyptian U.N. Security Council study the copied Arab territory and acknowl- He said aggressivea on and extremism" Foreign Minister Ismail Fahmi said situation, edge the right of the people of would be met by "an Wednesday Israel was pushing the escalation of Fahmi lashed out at Israel's estab- Palestine to establish an independ- aggression" -- "we d o not talk idly Middle East toward "an explosion lishment of new Jewish settlements ent state.," nor do we talk from that will dwarf all previous ones" in the occupied regions, its refusal Fahmi said that if the Middle East a vacuum." and called on his Israeli counter- to recognize the Palestine Liberation situation "remains stagnant, an ex- part, Moshe Dayan, to declare Is- Organization as a necessary partner plosion will become inevitable, an Fahmi said his dra ft resolution rael's readiness to take steps to- to any reconvened peace talks in explosion that will dwarf all pre- was aimed at winning "a new collec- ward peace. Geneva, and Jerusalem "aggression" vious ones with no one in the world tive action to deter Israel from in Southern Lebanon. safe from its devastation material these practices." The resolution Fahmi, in the sharpest address yet and spiritual consequences." spelled out Israel's illegal oc- during general debate at the "If Israel 1977 is truly advocating Should Israel continue its "ex- cupation of Arab territories, de- U.N. General Assembly, also said he peace," Fahmi told the assembly, "I ploitation," -
"The 1973 War and the Formation of Israeli POW Policy – a Watershed
Alexander Bligh, "The 1973 War and the Formation of Israeli POW Policy – A Watershed Line"? in Udi Lebel and Eyal Lewin eds., The 1973 Yom Kippur War and the Reshaping of Israeli Civil-Military Relations (Lanham, MD: Lexicon, 2015): 121-146. Pictures of seized enemy soldiers are always featured in the news media. An enemy soldier taken prisoner, let alone dozens or hundreds of them, is universally seen as a humiliation of the party sending these troops to the battlefield. Whereas taking prisoners of war (POWs) indicates strength and deterrence, their release results from the asymmetry in diplomatic power between the winning and losing parties. Consequently, the issue of POWs raises at least two questions: what should be the criteria for taking POWs during military clashes as opposed to disarming them and sending them off, and what should be the mechanism employed and the prices paid to secure their release? These matters have major implications for national morale during and after conflict. Another, closely related topic is the intelligence value of POWs and their degree of exposure once they are repatriated and can assist their army in damage control and the rebuilding of systems different from the ones they have compromised. All these considerations are further compounded by strong pressures from POWs’ families and, in democratic societies, from the news media as well. Thus, any study of POW-related issues is complicated and highly sensitive. Questions arising from any such study would include military tactics and strategy, ad hoc and long-range diplomatic considerations, a possible price scale for any exchange, and above all, moral and humanitarian concerns. -
Bahrain. 500Fs Canada'1 75S Cyp(Us:40Oms Egypi. 50Ps Elfitop
^50AF Libya 300ME Tunisia 50!)Ms Malta 35c Turkey. 2 5TL Bahrain. 500Fs Momor 50 UA£: 50 Canada'1 75S Nigeria: 75K UK 5 Op Cyp(us:40OMs Oman __. Egypi. 50Ps USA 1.75S Pakistan: 8Rps Elfitop^a. 2.5Elh,S VemenlAdenl. 0.400 Qatar: 5fis France 7 50FF Temen (Sanaa) 5fis Saudi Arabia: 5fis Iran lOOfis Somalia: 6/ Iraq. 300Fs Sudan: 4flPs I'aly I200L Jordan 400Fs Syna.ASL Kuwa(lr400Fs Lebanon: 4U JULY 1979 No. 57 worry Arabs 8 Letters to the Editor COVER STORY question, but the number 16 UNEF: will It police treaty? of people is still expected NEWS IN PERSPECTIVE 17 Egypt: Sadat's eiection 25 Exclusive interview: to double in the next PLC's Arafat speaks out 10 Iraq's foreign headaches win quarter century. 11 Iran's troubled cycle 17 Africans balk at more 12 UAE and the neighbours support for Arabs MOSAIC 12 Carter's ME team shrinks 16 Sahara: renewed efforts 28 Focus on the occupied 81 People/IPPF's Aziza 13 US-Sovlet summit stands 20 Sayings of the month lands: autonomy talks Hussein 30 Focus on the occupied 83 Literature/Maghout's lands: settlements wrath 33 Focus on the occupied 84 Behaviour/Jordan's iands: the peopie desert police 38 Cyprus: on-going saga 85 Cinema/Algeria's 45 Kuwait: another try for Ailouache democracy 74 Environment/UAE 48 Capucci: servant, father, conservation friend 75 Art/Moufarrege's new 50 Islam: success of political form organisation 77 Crafts/Lebanon's potters 78 Reverie FORUM 53 Egypt's ex-Foreign Minister Ismail Fahmi 80 Iran budget problems 81 Japan's stake in Bandar Shahpur 82 Exclusive interview: Libya's Izzeddin Mabrouk In a frank discussion with The Middle East, Fahmi outlines his views on the efforts to resolve the Arab- Israel conflict. -
Department of State Bulletin
C:«?(/ THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETIN Volume LXXm No. 1894 October 13, 1975 BUILDING INTERNATIONAL ORDER Address by Secretary Kissinger Before the 30th Regular Session of the U.N. General Assembly 54S UNITED STATES GIVES VIEWS ON RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY SEVENTH SPECIAL SESSION OF U.N. GENERAL ASSEMBLY Statements by Ambassador Moynihan and Ambassador Myerson and Text of Resolution 557 THE UNITED STATES AND AFRICA: STRENGTHENING THE RELATIONSHIP Toast by Secretary Kissinger 571 THE OFFICIAL WEEKLY RECORD OF UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY For index see inside hack cover i" THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE BULLETI^ Vol. LXXIII, No. 1894 October 13, 1975 The Department of State BULLETl a weekly publication issued by Office of Media Services, Bureau Public Affairs, provides tfie public interested agencies of the govern, with information on developments tfte field of U.S. foreign relations Ad on the work of the Department the Foreign Service. m] The BULLETIN includes seleefm press releases on foreign policy, issuet^ by the White House and the Depi ment, and statements, address) and news conferences of the President 1 and the Secretary of State and othei For sale by the Superintendent of Documents iiai officers of the Department, as well ai U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 special articles on various phases oi PRICE: international affairs and the function* 52 issues plus semiannual indexes, of the Department. Information U domestic $42.60, foreign $53.15 included concerning treaties and inter' Single copy 85 cents national agreements to which tht Use of funds for printing this publication United States is or may become a approved by the Director of the Office of party and on treaties of general inter- Management and Budget (January 29, 1971). -
Interview by Kuwaiti Newspaper Assiyassa
INTERVIEW granted by PRESIDENT ANWAB, ITL SADAT to Editor_in-Chiref of the Kuwaiti <<Assiyassa> - Newspapor January g, 19?6 Mr. Ahmed AI Garallah, the Editor-in-chief of the Kuwaiti <Assiyassa>>newspaper began his interview with president El Sadat by saying : <certainly there were many who put their hands on their hearts when President Mohamed Anwar El Sadat assumed power in Egypt . .. There were many Western and Arab Leaderships writing and warning ' " But certainly now president the has becorne an inter- national figure representing moderation and the new Arab to the extent logic, that he is now described in the peace. west as a man of this period the president -..Pd"g applied a certain form of political thought like any poritician, he presented many causes, knowing that he may lose them at f"u."rt, but w'l win tiem again in the future . .. There were those who strongly opposed him, at the end, his but viewpoint proved to be the right srance, one . .. For in_ his fu' conviction that the Middle Eist game i" , on"- hundred per cent American game. Every time, I met with president Anwar to El Sadat, f used find myself charged with observations and queries concerning Arab worid' since the Pres- the internal situation in Egypt, and the from the locai and national ident is in a very sensitive position points of view. El Sadat' and let So, hail with me President Mohamed Anwar with him' and as usual' he us begin, a kind of controversial talk can come rout with fruitfull will open his heart to us so that we conclusions. -
2368Th GENERAL PLENARY MEETING ASSEMBLY Tuesday, 30 September /975, THIRTIETH SESSION at 3.15 P.M
United Nations 2368th GENERAL PLENARY MEETING ASSEMBLY Tuesday, 30 September /975, THIRTIETH SESSION at 3.15 p.m, Official Records NEW YORK CONTENTS 5. We are convinced that the vast majority of repre sentatives here present will express their view on this action by the United States, which once more has Agenda item 9: shown its contempt for the right of peoples to self Generaldebate (continued): determination and the goals of the United Nations, Speech by Mr. Sipraseuth (Laos) .................... 305 Speech by Mr. A110n (Israel) . 307 particularly the principle of universality. Speech by Mr. Keutcha (United Republic of Cameroon), 311 6. The world is a .'planetary village". Each great Speech by Mr. AI-Sabah (Kuwait) .. .. .•.. 315 world event has unavoidable international repercus Speech by Mr. Ahmed (Sudan).. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 318 sions in various countries. Thus, the delegation of Laos would like to sketch a few characteristics of the President: Mr. Gaston THORN present world situation. (Luxembourg). 7. The inexorable decline of American imperialism is the turning-point of the present situation in a world already fraught with decisive events. It is indeed a AGENDA ITEM 9 decline, an irreversible decline, whatever may be said by American officials, a decline which cause the whole General debate (continued) imperialist system to be mired more deeply in a new general crisis. I. Mr. SIPRASEUTH (Laos) (interpretation from 8. This decline, however, is not without its dangerous French]:" It is for me a great privilege to represent convulsions or its perfidious attempts to adapt to new Laos at the thirtieth session of the General Assembly, world realities. -
China Deploys Missiles on Disputed Island
Q4 REAL ESTATE INSURGENTS FIGHT ON DESPITE CHIMELONG SALES UP ADVENT OF DEMOCRACY ANIMAL The volume of real estate Myanmar’s civil war hasn’t CARE transactions in the fourth ended, even with democracy CONCERNS quarter of 2015 registered triumphant in recent growth over previous period elections P5 P7 P12 THU.18 Feb 2016 T. 11º/ 16º C H. 70/ 90% Blackberry email service powered by CTM MOP 7.50 2499 N.º HKD 9.50 FOUNDER & PUBLISHER Kowie Geldenhuys EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Paulo Coutinho “ THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’ ” WORLD BRIEFS HUMAN RESOURCES PHILIPPINES Four people, including a six-year-old girl, were killed in a roadside bombing in the southern Skilled expats stall, Philippines by suspected Muslim insurgents who wanted to attack military reinforcements, police said yesterday. The non-skilled soar 160 pct victims were in a van in P2 MDT REPORT Datu Saudi Ampatuan town in Maguindanao province Tuesday night when the improvised bomb went off. GOOGLE MAP China deploys missiles AP PHOTO on disputed island P10,11 AUSTRALIA A Virgin Australia flight from Sydney to Los Angeles was diverted after the airline received a bomb threat that turned out to be a hoax, the airline said. The plane was forced to land in the eastern city of Brisbane yesterday after the threat was called in. Police searched the plane and determined there was no danger. The plane resumed its flight to LA. AP PHOTO AUSTRALIA The prime minister warned that resettling asylum seekers in New Zealand instead of deporting them to the Pacific atoll of Nauru could encourage more asylum seekers to try to reach Australian shores by boat. -
Yale-UN Oral History Project Said Kamal Jean Krasno, Interviewer •1 .,'~ March 12, 1998 •
ST/DPI ORAL HISTORY (02)/K15 Yale-UN Oral History Project Said Kamal Jean Krasno, Interviewer March 12, 1998 Cairo, Egypt NOTICE This is a transcript of a tape-recorded interview conducted for the United Nations. A draft of this transcript was edited by the interviewee but only minor emendations were made; therefore, the reader should remember that this is essentially a transcript of the spoken, rather than the written word. RESTRICTIONS This oral history transcript may be read, quoted from, cited, and reproduced for purposes of research. It may not be published in full except by permission of the United Nations, Dag Hammarskjöld Library. 1 1)~..1. Yale-UN Oral History Project Said Kamal Jean Krasno, Interviewer •1 .,'~ March 12, 1998 •. Cairo, Egypt Index: Middle East 1956 War 13 • 13, 16-18 1967 War Alexandria University 1 Arab League 2-4,9-10,16-17,21-24,26 • Ba'athist Paliy 1, 12 Central Council 6 Cold War 19 • Egyptian Delegation 3 .i Fatah Movement 12-13, 17-18,27,34 I General Union of Palestinian Students 1, 12 • Gulf War 32 j International United Students (ruS) 12 Iran-Iraq War 30-32 • " Islamic Conference 3 Jewish American Committee 32 Jewish Defense League (JDL) ; 32 • Non-Aligned Movement 3 .J Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) 2-3,6-7, 13-21,23-32,34 Palestinian National Council (PNC) 19 Refugees 8-9, 11,22-23 • Resolution 242 28, 32 Resolution 338 28,32 UN Emergency Force (UNEF) 16-17 • UN General Assembly 2,6, 19 UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) 26 World Jewish Organization 32 •I I I I I I I Yale-UN Oral History Said Kamal Jean Krasno, Interviewer March 12, 1998 Cairo, Egypt Jean Krasno: To begin, for the record, Ambassador Kamal, could you explain something about your background, where you were born and educated, and something about your diplomatic career? Said Kamal: Well, thank you very much, I will arrange for you a copy in English here, but I can tell you now that I was born in Nablus City, in the West Bank, in 1938, and I graduated from the School for the Young, Najah, which is now a university, Najah College. -
Remembering Boutros Boutros-Ghali a Visionary Internationalist and Global Leader TRIBUTES and REMINISCENCES
Remembering Boutros Boutros-Ghali A Visionary Internationalist and Global Leader TRIBUTES AND REMINISCENCES En souvenir de Boutros Boutros-Ghali Un Internationaliste Visionnaire et un Leader Mondial HOMMAGES ET RÉMINISCENCES Remembering Boutros Boutros-Ghali A Visionary Internationalist and Global Leader TRIBUTES AND REMINISCENCES En souvenir de Boutros Boutros-Ghali Un Internationaliste Visionnaire et un Leader Mondial HOMMAGES ET RÉMINISCENCES Editors Federico Mayor/Negoslav Ostojić/Roberto Savio Editeurs: Federico Mayor, Negoslav Ostojić, Roberto Savio EUROPEAN CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY FOR PEACE EST. BY THE UNITED NATIONS Editors: Federico Mayor Negoslav Ostojic Roberto Savio Publisher: European Center for Peace and Development (ECPD) Terazije 41, 11000 Beograd • www.ecpdorg.net Terazije 41, 11000 Beograd Tel: (+381 11) 3246-041, 3246-042 e-mail: [email protected] / office@ecpd. The basic premise of the ECPD, which was established in 1983 is that “development under conditions of peace is only possible when con- ceived as human development”. For the Publisher: Negoslav Ostojić, ECPD Executive Director English-language editing: Bradley Knopff Design: Nataša Ostojić-Ilić ISBN 978-86-7236-110-0 Printed by: Editeurs: Federico Mayor, Negoslav Ostojić, Roberto Savio Publicateurs: Centre Européen pour la Paix et le Développement (ECPD) Terazije 41, 11000 Beograd www.ecpd.org.net Terazije 41, 11000 Beograd Tel: (+381 11) 3246-041, 3246-042 e-mail: [email protected] / office@ecpd La prémisse de base de l’ECPD, établié en 1983 est que „le développement dans des conditions de la paix est possible seulement étant conçu comme le développement humain”. Pour l’éditeur: Negoslav Ostojić, ECPD Directeur exécutif Edition de langue anglaise: Bradley Knopff Design graphique: Nataša Ostojić-Ilić L’empreinte: Belgrade, 2018.