“I cannot help but mention one particular program that has played a significant role in enhancing our people-to- people contact. I am talking about the Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program. During the years of independae- nce, CUPP has hosted over a thousand students from Ukraine who were able to work as interns right here in the Canadian Parliament, helping us build Ukrainian democracy. Welcome back, dear colleagues. I also want to thank the Canadian Parliament and the Ukrainian diaspora for helping us breed a new generation of democratic and free Ukrainian leaders.” Excerpt from Address of President Petro Poroshenko in the House of Commons Chamber, Ottawa on Wednesday, September 17, 2014.

In this issue: Putin's slogans of convenience p. 3 Rule of Law p. 36 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

2014 – Issue 1 CUPP NEWSLETTER

Putin's Slogans of Convenience.. 3

CUPP Interns ...... 4

Peace, Order and Good Govern- ment: the Canadian Road to the Rule of Law ...... 36

"I Fear the Day that Technology Will Surpass Human Interaction" ...... 45

Наша Мова ...... 48

До Основ ...... 49

Гелегка доля українського правопсу ...... 53

Inauguration of Anna Mazurenko Children's Health Centre in Lviv.. 56 CUPP 2014 Interns (33 students from universities in Belgium, Italy, Israel, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ukraine will participate in the "Taras Shevchenko – Why Does 24th CUPP program), before departure in Boryspil Airport. He Matter Today" ...... 57

Interview with Intern from the Poland-Canada Youth Internship History of CUPP nadian Parliament, and gain Progra, I. Gradowska...... 59 experience from which generations of On July 16, 1990, the Ukrainian Par- Canadian, American and West Euro- Dairy Day ...... 61 liament adopted the Declaration of pean students have benefited. On the Sovereignty, which declared that Par- basis of academic excellence, know- CUPP Connects Generations of liament recognized the need to build ledge of the English or French and Young Ukrainians ...... 63 the Ukrainian state based on the Rule Ukrainian languages, and on interest of Law. On August 24, 1991, the Ukrai- Russia Is Pregnant with Ukraine . 64 in the Westminster model parliamen- nian Parliament adopted the Declara- tary system of government, university President P. Poroshenko: "Cana- tion of Independence, which the citi- students from Ukraine and foreign uni- da is the Most Ukrainian Nation zens of Ukraine endorsed in the versities, can apply for a CUPP intern- Outside of Ukraine" ...... 66 referendum of December 1, 1991. Also ship program. It is hoped that CUPP in 1991, Canadians celebrated the Address by President P. Poro- will contribute to the education of fu- Centennial of Ukrainian group immi- ture leaders of Ukraine. shenko to Joint Session of the gration to Canada. To mark the Cen- Canadian Parliament ...... 68 In 2014, 33 students from universities tennial, organizations planned pro- in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Italy, Is- House of Commons Debates .... 71 grams and projects to celebrate this rael, Netherlands, Poland, Switzer- milestone in Canada's history. land, United Kingdom and Ukraine will Address by President P. Poro- The Chair of Ukrainian Studies Foun- complete a two-month internship in shenko to Joint Session of the dation of Toronto decided to mark the the House of Comons. Concurently, United States Congress ...... 81 Centennial by establishing the Cana- university students from the University da-Ukraine Parliamentary Program for Марш миру в Москві ...... 90 of Toronto, York University and the university students from Ukraine. The University of Ottawa will complete an Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Pro- internship as part of the Macdonald Contact Us gram gives Ukrainian students an op- Laurier Program. Chair of Ukrainian portunity to work and study in the Ca- Studies Foundation 620 Spadina Avenue Toronto, Ontario, People who worked on this issue of the Newsletter: Canada M5S 2H4 Andrei Bezruchonak, Oleksandr Pankiv, Alexandra Bardyn, Lucy Hicks, Tel.: (416) 234-9111 Roman Tychkivskyy and Ihor Bardyn. Fax: (416) 234-9114 Layout: The Basilian Press, Toronto. Published by: Blank Press, Kyiv. www.KATEDRA.org Cover Design: by Andrei Bezruchonak, CUPP 2012 Intern from Belarus.

2 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

Putin's Slogans of Convenience

by Ihor BARDYN Director Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program

In Vladimir Putin’s wars against and genocide perpetrated by Rus- Ukraine, the denial of history as sia upon neighbours, should west- well as slogans of convenience are ern journalists accept Putin’s slo- being used to wage these wars. gans of ties of history to justify his Marriages of convenience to domination over Ukraine? circumvent immigration laws to The claim that Russia has a le- gain entry into a country and pass- gitimate sphere of influence over Soviet ideology. ports of convenience held by mul- Ukraine or the Baltic States be- And it was these students who tiple passports holders are tools of cause of strategic or defense con- studied at western universities, convenience used deceive govern- siderations and is therefore justi- and completed parliamentary in- ments and ordinary citizens. fied in invading, Finlandizing or ternship programs in the Canadi- In the age of taglines and slo- occupying neighbouring countries, an, European and German Parlia- gans, marketing experts have in- as a preemptive measure, is a ments, who were among those in vented hundreds of phrases to sell primitive and preposterous propo- the forefront of the peaceful pro- products or services. Nike’s “Just sition. Are Russia’s wars and ag- tests in Kyiv in November/Decem- Do it” or Coca-Cola’s “It’s the real gression against neighbors to be ber 2013. thing” have been burrowed into the tolerated because of their per- Western countries should con- consciousness of a generation of ceived fear? Under this pretext of tinue to lessen visa procedures youngsters. Putin and his followers fear of western influence and ag- and offer more scholarship assis- resort to the same technique of gression, Russia’s actions in its tance for studies, to allow as many burrowing slogans into people’s neighbourhood and further abroad students as possible, from the consciousness. are the most destabilizing and de- countries of the former Soviet Russia’s Czars and Kremlin’s structive to world peace. Union to continue to study and un- dictators were among the first to To find a key to containing Pu- dertake cultural exchanges in the use slogans of convenience such tin’s rule to within his borders, one west. as “ties of history”, “shared histo- should examine history since This will make it easier for the ry” to camouflage or explain inva- 1991. next generation of Belarus, Rus- sions, persecutions and wars The west may have won the sian and Ukrainian youth and fu- against neighbouring countries. Cold War because of the immola- ture decision-makers to experi- What’s behind these slogans tion of Soviet communism, but one ence liberal-democratic institutions of ties of history? of the most effective – measures and values. And they will be pre- The banning by Russian czars the west came upon was to issue pared to replace Vladimir Putin, and dictators of the Ukrainian lan- visas to students from the former when he is retired. guage; the genocide of the 1930s Soviet Union, for cultural exchang- Education in western countries resulting in the deaths of millions es, studies at western universities should be promoted as a perma- of lives; decades-long persecu- and to undertake internships in nent policy of the west. tions and exile to the Gulags of ed- western parliaments and enterpris- While wars were formerly ucators, writers, and the intelligen- es. fought to achieve territorial advan- tsia; maiming and blinding of Through these exchanges the tage, Putin’s wars are being waged Ukraine’s champions of freedom students were exposed to the for economic advantage and a the kobzari; assassination of politi- west’s institutions and values and primitive tribal lust for power. Ac- cal leaders; cruel ethnic cleansing took these back to germinate in commodation and appeasement of and exile of Crimean Tatars; inva- their homelands. The west’s de- Putin will lead to a European war sion and occupation of Ukraine, ployment of this soft power mea- and destruction of civilized society. are ties of history rarely if ever ad- sure of allowing the youth of the The EU’s commercial interests and mitted to by Russia’s rulers. former Soviet Union to live and reliance on Russian gas are incon- It can be expected that Rus- study for a time, in the west should sequential when one considers the sian journalists would repeat slo- now become a sustained peaceful return to enslavement by Russia of gans of ties of history or shared weapon against the spread of the its neighbours and whichever oth- history, as these are part of the Pu- Putin Doctrine and the reconstitut- er European country Putin choos- tin Doctrine. Putin explains ties of ed Soviet ideology. es to subjugate. Like Hitler, Putin history by calling upon common This subtle soft power mea- must be stopped, at all costs. Slavic roots and common orthodox sure, worked to educate a new religion. But learning the complete generation of young people who history, including the persecutions have no desire to perpetuate the

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 3 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP Interns

Oleksandra BROVKO Anton BURINKOV Born in: Energodar, Zaporizhya region, Ukraine. Born in: Kaliningrad, Russia. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Hometown: Mykolaiv, Ukraine. established in 1834. Institute of International Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University was Relations. established in 1913. Faculty of Philosophy, Cultural Motto of the University: “Utilitas honor et gloria”. – and Political Studies. Department of Philosophy. “Utility honour and glory”. Motto of University: “Nosce te ipsum” – “Know World Trade Institute, University of Bern, estab- thyself” – "ϳçíàé ñàìîãî ñåáå". lished in 1834. Foreign languages: English, Russian, German. Motto of the University: “A MILE ahead”. Intern to Mylene Freeman, MP for Argenteuil— Foreign languages: English, French, Russian. Papineau—Mirabel, Quebec. Intern to Hon. Jason Kenney, MP for Calgary SE. 2014 William & Antonina Bazylewych Scholarship Dr. Taras Fecycz Scholarship recipient. recipient Last book read: "Äî åôåêòèâíèõ ñóñï³ëüñòâ. Last book read: “All the King's Men” by Robert Penn Äîðîãîâêàçè â ìàéáóòíº"; “To the effective society. Warren. Roadmap for the future” by Bohdan Havrylyshyn. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Áóòè ó Favourite quote by foreign author: “We shall ñâ³ò³ é í³÷èì íå ïîçíà÷èòè ñâîãî ³ñíóâàííÿ – never surrender” - Winston Churchill. öå çäàºòüñÿ ìåí³ æàõëèâèì" – Ìèêîëà Ãîãîëü; Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Æèòòÿ “Being in this world and left no sign after yourself òàêà âåëèêà êîâçàíèöÿ, êîìó âäàëîñü íå ïàäàâøè seems to me horrible” – Michola Gogol. ïðîéòè" – ˳íà Êîñòåíêî; “Life is a huge risk for Favourite quote by foreign author: “The highest those who managed not to fall” – Lina Kostenko. activity a human being can attain is learning for Favourite musical recording: “Ja pidu v daleki understanding, because to understand is to be free” goru” by Kvitka Tsisuk. – Baruch Spinoza, “One of the sanest, surest, and Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: most generous joys of life comes from being happy Khortytsia Island is the biggest island on the Dnepr over the good fortune of others” – Robert Heinlein, River and a unique natural and historical complex. The “Approach everything rationally, and you become island is situated within the modern industrial city of harsh. Pole along in the stream of emotions, and you Zaporizhia. Khortytsia is designated as a national mu- will be swept away by the current. Given free rein to seum. The rural landscape of the island features the your desires, and you become uncomfortably con- Zaporizhian Cossack Museum and a Cossack horse fined. It is not a very agreeable place to live, this show. world of ours” – Sôseki Natsume. My favourite musical recording: 3rd movement of Suite bergamasque; “Clair de Lune” by Claude Debussy. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Aktovsky Canyon, located on the river Mertvovod – one of the most beautiful places in Ukraine. Despite

4 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade the slightly intimidating name of the river and the local Outstanding architecture landmark or architecture name of the canyon (Valley of the Devil) – it is one of in Ukraine: The Arch cathedral Basilica of the As- the most beautiful canyons in Europe. The name of sumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lviv. A con- the river (Death Water) is chosen because of the high struction of it began in 1360 and the building was fi- concentration of the hydrogen sulfide. The depth of nally consecrated in 1481; the cathedral witnessed a the Valley of the Devil is up to 50 meters and spans an number of significant moments in history and was vis- area of about 250 hectares. Difficult terrain and 100- ited by several Polish kings. It was one of the two meter granite and basalt cliffs beckon adventurers like churches in Lviv that were not closed during Soviet moths to light. Aktovsky canyon – a unique ecosystem rule. for the steppe region of Ukraine, offers a fantastic view and unforgettable memories.

Oleh FEDAY Born in Lviv, Ukraine. Hometown: Toronto, Canada. Languages: Ukrainian, Russian, English. Iryna DOBROHORSKA York University, Faculty of Arts. Born in: Rozdil, Lvivska obl. 2011 Ukrainian Credit Union Scholarship recipient Hometown: Lviv, Ukraine. Intern to Jay Aspin, MP for Nipissing–Timiskaming, Ukrainian Catholic University was established in Ontario 1963 in Rome. Faculty of Humanities (History). Christina Bardyn Scholarship recipient Motto of University: "³çüìè ³ çðîáè" – “Go ahead Macdonald-Laurier Program Intern and do it”. Last Ukrainian author read: ˳íà Êîñòåíêî – "Çá³ðêà Ïîåç³é". Foreign languages: English, German, French, Last foreign author read: “1984” – George Orwell Polish. Favourite Quote: "² âàì ñëàâà, ñèí³ ãîðè, / Êðèãîþ Intern to Ed Komarnicki, MP for Souris-Moose îêóò³. / ² âàì, ëèöàð³ âåëèê³, / Áîãîì íå çàáóò³. / Mountain Saskatchewan. Áîð³òåñÿ – ïîáîðåòå! / Âàì áîã ïîìàãàº! / Çà âàñ Sen. Marta Bielish Scholarship recipient ïðàâäà, çà âàñ ñëàâà / ² âîëÿ ñâÿòàÿ!" – Òàðàñ Last book read: Martin Pollack “The Dead Man in Øåâ÷åíêî. the Bunker”. Outstanding Landmark or Architecture: The Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Òð³øêè Swallow’s Nest in Yalta, Ukraine, is one of the most òåðï³ííÿ. Òð³øêè íà䳿. Òð³øêè ëþáîâ³. ² òð³øêè magnificent buildings that I have seen in my life. It was built between 1911 and 1912 on a cliff that is 40m high. “A bit of patience. A bit of ³ðîí³¿." – Ñåðã³é Æàäàí; It overlooks the Black Sea and Crimean Mountains. It hope. A bit of love. And a bit of irony.” – Serhiy Zha- was designed by Russian architect Leonid Sherwood. dan. The building is truly breathtaking, the view is amazing, Favourite quote by foreign author: “The problem of and it is one of the most visited landmarks in Crimea. the present epoch is how to achieve solidarity that The building itself is small, 20m long and 10m wide, would not only respect the “otherness” of another nonetheless beautiful. At one point the building person, but also to allow hope for good from them” – survived a serious earthquake, a 7 on a Richter scale, Zygmunt Bauman. only small damages occurred. Throughout its history it Favourite musical recording: The Beatles – “A day changed its purpose, going from restaurants to book clubs, but now it serves only as a tourist attraction. It in the life”. will always be part of sovereign Ukraine.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 5 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

in the 3rd century as tribal raids disrupted the trade in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Basin. Pantica- paeum was estroyed by the Huns ca 370. Later a small town arose at the site, which in the Middle Ages be- came known as Bosporus. The city was dominated by Mount Mithridates, on which the temples and civic buildings were placed. The slopes were terraced and covered with private villas. The large bay provided an excellent port. At its apogee the city occupied approx. 100 ha. Beyond the city walls was a large necropolis, Oleksandra KARABILO which has been excavated since the end of the 19th Born in: Kerch, Ukraine. century. It included a number of famous Kurhans, such Hometown: Kerch. as Melek-Chesmen kurhan, Tsarskyi kurhan, Zolota Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University was Mohyla, and Yuz Oba. The city itself has been exca- established in 1996 in Mykolaiv. Faculty of Political vated systematically since the Second World War. science, Department of Political science (Politology). Motto of University: “Created to be the best” – "Còâîðåíèé, ùîá áóòè êðàùèì". Foreign languages: Russian, English, Spanish. Intern to Corneliu Chisu, MP for Pickering–Scarbo- rough East, Ontario. Sen. Raynell Andreychuk Scholarship recipient Last book read: “From Third World to First: The Singapore Story” by Lee Kuan Yew. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Áåç áàæàííÿ âñå âàæêå, íàâ³òü íàéëåãøå." – Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðîäà; “Without a desire everything is difficult even the easiest" – Grygory Skovoroda. Favourite quote by foreign author: “The unexam- ined life is not worth living” – Socrates. Olga KARKHANINA Favourite musical recording: Jamie Cullum – Born in: Novotroitsk, Kherson oblast, Ukraine. “These are the days”, Peggy Lee – “Love”, All Stars – Hometown: Sudak, Crimea. “We Are The World”, Queen – “We Are The Champi- Vadym HetmanNational Economic University of ons”. Kyiv was established in 1906. Faculty of International Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Economics. Ruins of Panticapaeum in Kerch. Panticapaeum Motto of University: "Çä³éñíåííÿâàãîìîãîâêëàäóó was an important city and port in Taurica (Tauric Cher- ñóñï³ëüíèéðîçâèòîê÷åðåçäîñë³äæåííÿ,ãåíåðóâàííÿ sonese), situated on a hill (Mt. Mithridates) on the íîâèõçíàíü, ¿õïîøèðåííÿòàï³äãîòîâêóêîíêóðåíòíèõ western side of the Cimmerian Bosporus, founded by ôàõ³âö³â³êðåàòèâíèõîñîáèñòîñòåé". – “Contributing Milesians in the late 7th-early 6th century BC. It is now to society development through research, generating modern-day Kerch in Ukraine. Strategically located on and spreading new knowledge, training competitive the western shore of the Kerch Strait, the city grew specialists and creative personalities”. quickly and before the end of the century it was mint- Foreign languages: Russian, English, Polish, ing its own coins. As the leading trade, manufacturing, German. and cultural center on the northern coast of the Black Intern to Joe Daniel, MP for Don Valley East. Sea it became the capital of the Bosporan Kingdom, Vasyl Kereliuk Scholarship recipient which arose in the 5th century. It was heavily damaged Last book read: Plato "The ideal state". in Saumacus 'revolt and Diophantus' capture of the Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Äå çëàãîäà city at the end of the 2nd century BC and again by an â ñ³ìåéñòâ³, äå ìèð ³ òèøèíà, ùàñëèâ³ òàì ëþäè, earthquake ca 70 BC. Panticapaeum was rebuilt un- áëàæåííà ñòîðîíà" – ²âàí Êîòëÿðåâñüêèé; “The der Roman rule, and by the 1st century AD had re- blessed place is where there is harmony in family, gained its commercial importance. It began to decline peace and quiet and happy people in it” – Ivan Kotlyarevskiy, "Ðàç äîáðîì íàãð³òå ñåðöå â³ê íå 6 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

ïðîõîëîíå" – Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî; “A heart being once Intern to Peggy Nash, MP for Parkdale – High Park. warmed with well-being will not be cold for centuries” Antin Hlynka Scholarship recipient – Taras Shevchenko. Last book read: “Three Comrades” by Erich Maria Favourite quote by foreign author: “The only true Remarque. wisdom is in knowing you know nothing” – Socrates, Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "² âñå íà “We make a living by what we get, but we make a life ñâ³ò³ òðåáà ïåðåæèòè, áî êîæåí ô³í³ø – öå ïî ñóò³ by what we give” – Winston Churchill. ñòàðò. ² íàïåðåä íå òðåáà âîðîæèòè, ³ çà ìèíóëèì Favourite musical recording: Clause Debussy – ïëàêàòè íå âàðò..." – ˳íà Êîñòåíêî; “Everything in “The song from a secret garden”, Celine Dion – “I the world is to be experienced, because every end – surrender”. is essentially a beginning, At the onset there is no Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: need to fight, and there is no use in crying for the Genoese fortress – a fortress in the city of Sudak past” – Lina Kostenko. Crimea, Ukraine, built by the Genoese from 1371 to Favourite quote by foreign author: “Always ac- 1469 as a strong point of their colony Soldaia. The for- knowledge a fault. This will throw those in authority tress is located on Surf mountain (elevation 157 m), off their guard and give you an opportunity to commit which is also called Dzhenevez-Kaia. According to its more.” – Mark Twain. origin the mountain is an ancient fossilized coral reef Favourite musical recording: Eagles “Hotel Califor- and presents in a gently sloping and steep cone- nia”. shaped array from the north and from the south re- Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: spectively, which juts out into the Sudak Bay of Black Zolochiv Castle, located in Lviv Oblast. Nowadays Sea. The area of the fortress is almost 30 hectares. the Zolochiv Castle is a museum and is supervised by The convenient location of the fortress and powerful the department of the Lviv Art Gallery. The new castle fortified structures made the fortress almost unassail- that stands in place of the old wooden fort was built in able: from the west the fortress is difficult to reach, Zolochiv in 17th century. It was designed by an Italian from the south and the east it is protected by the steep architect. Its original purpose was as a defensive for- mountain walls, sloping down to the sea, and from the tress. In the castle’s courtyard there are two palaces. north-east, possibly, researchers have theorized that a The biggest of them is called the Grand Palace. The moat once existed. other is the Chinese Palace situated opposite the tow- er. The Chinese Palace of the Zolochiv Castle is a unique monument of architecture. There are only three Chinese Palaces in Europe and one of them tourists may admire in Zolochiv. The Chinese palace of Zolo- chiv was renewed in 2004 and opened to tourists. The Zolochiv Castle is also a part of the "Golden Horse- shoe", a ring of three castles in Olesko, Zolochiv and Pidhirtsi. It is a very popular tourist route. The Zolochiv Castle attracts tourists with the beauty of its medieval architecture and by its artistic treasures. Certainly, the Zolochiv Castle is an architectural jewel and the pride of the Western Ukraine.

Petro KOCHERHAN Born in: Lviv, Ukraine. Hometown: Lviv, Ukraine. Lviv National University (absentia) Faculty of management (Ivan Franko National University in Lviv?). Motto of University: “Patriae decori civibus educan- dis” – "Îñâ³÷åí³ ãðîìàäÿíè; îêðàñà Áàòüê³âùèíè" – “Educated people adorn their country”. Foreign languages: English, Russian, Polish.

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Sofiya KOMINKO Maria KOROLENKO Born in Ternopil, Ternopils’ka Oblast, Ukraine. Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine. Hometown: Vancouver, British Columbia. Hometown: Kyiv, Ukraine. University of Ottawa, Faculty of Arts; Communica- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was tions and Political Science. established in 1615. Faculty of Sociology. Languages: Ukrainian, English, Russian, French. Motto of University: “Tempus fugit, Academia Intern to the Honourable Jason Kenney, MP for sempiterna” – "×àñïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà Calgary Southeast, Alberta. àêàäåì³ÿ â³÷íà" – “Time passes. Kyiv-MohylaAcad- Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient emyremains eternal”. Macdonald-Laurier Program Intern Foreign languages: English, French, German, Last Ukrainian author read: "Çàïèñêè óêðà¿íñüêîãî Russian. ñàìàøåäøåãî" – ˳íà Êîñòåíêî. Intern to Linda Duncan, MP for Edmonton–Strath- Last foreign author read: “Seize the Day” Saul cona, Alberta. Bellow. Sen. Paul Yuzyk Scholarship recipient Favourite quote – English: “Behold I do not give Last book read: "Äîì, âêîòîðîì..." – by Mariam lectures or a little charity, When I give, I give myself.” Petrosyan. – Walt Whitman. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "ߺñòüíà- Favourite quote – Ukrainian: " óñ³õ íàóêàõ ³ ðîä, ÿêîãî Ïðàâäèñèëà í³êèì çâîéîâàíà ùå íå ìèñòåöòâàõ ïëîäîì º â³ðíà ïðàêòèêà" – Ã. Ñ. áóëà. ßêà á³äà ìåíå, ÿêà ÷óìà êîñèëà! – à ñèëà Ñêîâîðîäà. çíîâó ðîçöâ³ëà" – Ïàâëî Òè÷èíà; “I am the nation, Favourite musical recording: "Âíî÷³" – Ñâÿòîñëàâ whose power of Truth Has yet to be conquered by Âàêàð÷óê. anyone. What an evil, what a plague hurt me, still my Outstanding Landmark or architecture in Canada: strength blossomed once again” – Pavlo Tuchuna. Percé Rock located on the coast of the Gaspésie Pen- Favourite quote by foreign author: “Be the change insula, the city of Percé – home of the Percé Rock, that you wish to see in the world.” – Mahatma Gandhi welcomes many tourists annually. The large boulder is Favourite musical recording: “Tessellate“ – Alt-J, a natural landmark that impresses many with its size, “Âåñíà” – 5nizza. colour, and beauty. Because of the many belvederes Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: (Mt. Joli, Mt. Sainte-Anne and Pic de l'Aurore, just to The Tunnel of Love in Klevan. I like this place not name a few) situated here, the landmark can be viewed just because it`s about love. But because it shows the from many angles. It can also be observed by boat power and beauty of nature. Nowadays it is one of the and by foot when the tide is low. Bonaventure Island most famous place in Ukraine. And the only thing that (4.16 km2) faces the town of Percé. It has one of the was needed is to stop interfering in nature. It was cre- most important gannet colonies in the world and many ated all by itself. I think it is one of the best decisions other species of birds such as puffins, cormorants and we have made in the last few years. murres. The city is also a popular site for whale watch- ing.

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plex is full of mystery and secrets. From the latest ar- chaeological research it was estimated to have been constructed at the beginning of the 11th century by Volodymyr the Great. Before that all historian sources were attributing the foundation of the complex to Volodymyr’s son Yaroslaw the Wise. Today, “Sofia Ky- ivska” is one of the city's best known landmarks and the first Ukrainian patrimony to be inscribed to the Worlds Heritage List along with the Kyiv Cave Monas- tery complex. Aside from its main building, the cathe- Oleksiy KOVALENKO dral includes an ensemble of supporting structures Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine. such as the bell tower, the House of Metropolitan, and Hometown: Kyiv. others. Originally the cathedral was a burial place of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv the Kyivan rulers including Vladimir Monomakh, was established in 1843. Faculty of Psychology. Vsevolod Yaroslavich and of course the cathedral's Motto of University: "Êîðèñí³ñòü, ×åñòü ³ Ñëàâà" – Founder Volodymyr the Grate. The complex of the Ca- “Utility Honour and Glory” – “Utilitas Honor et Gloria”. thedral is the main component and museum of the Na- Foreign languages: English, Polish, Russian, tional Preserve "Sophia of Kyiv" which is the state in- Chinese (basic), Finnish (basic). stitution responsible for the preservation of the CUPP 2012, Kyiv Model Ukraine Conference, Cathedral complex as well as four other historic land- November 22-23 at National University of Kyiv Mohy- marks across the nation. Saint Sophia Cathedral to- la Academy, Ukraine, Participant of the conference. gether with Kyiv’s – Pecherska Lavra are inscribed as Intern to Raymond Cote, MP for Beauport–Limoilou, UNESCO World Heritage Sites. On 21 August 2007, Quebec. the Saint Sophia Cathedral was named as one of the Volodymyr Hrynyk Scholarship Recipient Seven Wonders of Ukraine, based on votes by experts Last Ukrainian author read: Äìèòðî ßâîðíèöüêèé and the internet community. It is one of the greatest "²ñòîð³ÿ Óêða¿íñüêèõ êîçàê³â"; “The history of places in Kyiv you definitely should see. Ukrainian Cossacks” by Dmytro Yavornyckiy. Last foreign author read: “The Facebook effect” by David Kirkpatrick. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "ͳ ïðî ùî íå òóðáóâàòèñü, í³ çà ÷èì íå òóðáóâàòèñü – çíà÷èòü, íå æèòè, à áóòè ìåðòâèì, àäæå òóðáîòà – ðóõ äóø³, à æèòòÿ – ñå ðóõ" – Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðîäà; “Being worried about nothing, being excited about nothing – means not to live but to be dead, as excite- ment is movement of a soul and life is movement itself.” – Grigory Skovoroda. Favourite quote by foreign author: “Human history in essence is the history of ideas” – Herbert Wells, “My favorite things in life don’t cost any money. It is really clear that the most precise resource we all have is time.” – Steve Jobs. Nataliia MASLENNYKOVA My favourite musical recording: Pikkardiyska Born in:Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. Terciya – “Hey plyve kacha”, Volodumur Ivasyk – Hometown:Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. “Chervona Ruta”, Simon and Garfunkel – “Scarbor- Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University ough Fair”. was established in 1918. Faculty of International Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Economics, Department of International Economic Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv might be called one Relations. of the oldest, most beautiful and outstanding architec- Motto of University: “Docendo discimus” – tural monuments of Kyivan Rus which has stood in its "Íàâ÷àþ÷è íàâ÷àþñü" – “By teaching we learn”. place for the last 11 centuries. The history of the com- Foreign languages: Russian, English, German (basic).

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Intern to Alexandrine Latendresse, MP for Louis– established in 1834. Faculty of international rela- Saint-Laurent, Quebec. tions. 2014 Sen. David Tkachuk Scholarship recipient Motto of University: “Utilities Honor et Gloria” – Last Ukrainian author read: "Çàïèñêè "Êîðèñí³ñòü, ÷åñòü òà ñëàâà" – “Utility, Honour and óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñàìàøåäøåãî" – ˳íà Êîñòåíêî; Glory”. "Notes of Ukrainian madman" – Lina Kostenko. Foreign languages: English, German, Russian, Last foreign author read: “The Teachings of Don Polish. Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge” by Carlos Cas- Intern to Peter Julian, MP for Burnaby-New West- taneda. minster. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ó÷³òåñÿ, Sen. Michael Wall Scholarship recipient áðàòè ìî¿, äóìàéòå, ÷èòàéòå, ³ ÷óæîìó íàó÷àéòåñü, Last book read: “Statecraft: strategies for a chang- é ñâîãî íå öóðàéòåñü" – Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî; “Learn, ing world” by Margaret Thatcher. my brothers, think and read, but never forget your Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ëþá³òü own wisdom” - Taras Shevchenko. Óêðà¿íó ó ñí³ é íàÿâó, âèøíåâó ñâîþ Óêðà¿íó, êðàñó Favourite quote by foreign author: “There are only ¿¿, â³÷íî æèâó ³ íîâó, ìîâó ¿¿ ñîëîâ'¿íó" – Âîëîäèìèð two ways to live your life. One is asthough nothing is Ñîñþðà; “Love Ukraine in dreams and in reality, miracle. The other is as though everything is a mira- yours cherry Ukraine, it’s beauty, always alive and cle” – Albert Einstein. new, its nightingale’s language” – Volodymyr Sosy- Favouritemusical recording: Michael Bubble “I Am ura. Feeling Good”; Ludovico Enaudi – Divenire; Bonobo Favourite quote by foreign author: “Ask not what – All in Forms; Burial – Archangel; Parov Stelar – your country can do for you, ask what you can do for Mila's Dream. your country” – John F. Kennedy. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: My favourite musical recording: Chris de burgh Chersoneses was an ancient Greek colony founded “Lady in red”. approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: part of Crimea, known then as Taurica. The ancient Buky Canyon is situated in the village Buky in the city is located on the shore of the Black Sea at the out- Cherkasy region on the river Hirskyj Tisch. It was skirts of Sevastopol and has been nicknamed the formed 2 billion years ago and today is one of the most "Ukrainian Pompeii" and "Russian Troy". Chersonese’s’ gorgeous and mysterious places in Ukraine. In 1975 ancient ruins are presently located in one of Sevasto- this natural phenomenon became a state monument . pol's suburbs. They are today a popular tourist attrac- Some people call it Little Switzerland. I visited this tion, protected by the state as an archaeological park. place last week and was really fascinated. Here you The buildings mix influences of Greek, Roman and can find the remains of a handmade monument that Byzantine culture. The defensive wall is hundreds of look like Stonehenge .There are areas of this “Ukrai- meters long. Buildings include a Roman Amphitheatre nian Stonehenge” that remain unexplored. In some and a Greek temple. places cliffs are 20 meters that make this place inter- esting for rock climbers. It is also famous for its water- fall Vyr. A big water mill was constructed in the 19th century. If you go a little further you will see the first water power plant in Ukraine. I strongly encourage ev- eryone to visit this place.

Anna MELENCHUK Born in Lviv, Ukraine. Hometown: Kyiv. Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University was

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Anastasia MELNYK Lyenyera MYEMYETOVA Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine. Born in: Yevpatoriya, Crimea, Ukraine. National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Hometown: Yevpatoriya. established in 1654. Taurida National Vernadsky University, Crimea, Motto of the University: “Tempus Fugit, Academia Ukraine (established in 1918). Faculty of Crimean Sempiterna”. Tatar and Oriental Philology. Foreign languages: English, French, German, Motto of the University: “NOSCE TE IPSUM”.– Russian. "ϳçíàé ñàìîãî ñåáå" – “Know thyself”. Intern to Chrystia Freeland, MP for Toronto Centre. Pierce College in Lakewood, WA, US (established John & Julia Stashuk Scholarship recipient in 1967). Faculty of Journalism. Last book read: “Speech Acts: An Essay in the Foreign languages: Crimean Tatar (mother tongue) Philosophy of Language” by John Searle. Reread English, Russian, Ukrainian, Arabic (basic), Turkish “Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority” by (elementary). Emmanuel Levinas. Intern to Cheryl Gallant, MP for Renfrew–Nipissing– Favourite quote by foreign author: “To see a world Pembroke, Ontario. in a grain of sand, / And a heaven in a wild flower, / Dopomoha Ukraini Foundation Scholarship Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, / And eternity in recipient an hour.” – William Blake. Last book read: “Value Driven Intellectual Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ñâ³òëî Capital”by Patrick H. Sullivan. áà÷èòüñÿ òîä³, êîëè ñâ³òëî â î÷àõ º" – Ãðèãîð³é Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ó÷³òåñü, Ñêîâîðîäà; One can see the light if he have it in his ÷èòàéòå, / ³ ÷óæîìó íàó÷àéòåñü, é ñâîãî íå eyes.” – Grygoriy Skovoroda. öóðàéòåñü" – Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî; “Learn, read / and Favourite musical recording: Anton Batagov – learn from others, / but don’t forget your own wisdom” “4U”; John Coltrane, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington – – Taras Shevchenko; "Õî÷ó, ùîá í³êîëè, í³êîëè íå “In a Sentimental Mood”; Edvard Hagerup Grieg – çà÷åðñòâ³ëî ñåðöå" – Ìèêîëà Ñòåëüìàõ; “I wish the Peer Gynt Suite No.1, Op. 46 – “Morning Mood”. heart never gets stale” – Mykola Stelmach; "ijëà Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: äîáðèõ – îíîâëþþòüñÿ, ä³ëà çëèõ – ãèíóòü" – Òàðàñ South Coast of Crimea I took this picture at our secret Øåâ÷åíêî; “Deeds of good – renew, deeds of evil – place where we vacationed with my family every year die” – Taras Shevchenko. until now. Far from civilization, five kilometers from the Favourite quote by foreign author: “Seek knowl- closest village, we went there every summer for the edge from the cradle till grave” – Prophet Muham- last 5 years so it is a little bit nostalgic to recall. I still mad, peace be upon Him, “If you think you're tops, think that it is one of the most beautiful landmarks in you won't do much climbing” – Arnold Glasow. Ukraine. My favourite musical recording: Ukrainian and Tatar folk music. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Khan-Dzhami, Yevpatoriya. If you ever happen to be in ancient town of Yevpatoriya, make sure you visit the pearl of Crimean architecture – the magnificent Khan Dzhami mosque. The Khan-Dzhami was built in 1552 founded by Devlet Geray Khan by the prominent ar- chitect of Eastern world MimarHodzhi Sinan. It is one CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 11 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 of the most beautiful mosques and is also an impor- ìîâó” – ˳íà Êîñòåíêî; “Nations do not die under tant one: during the existence of Crimean Khanate siege, their language is taken away first” – Lina (1443-1783) 18 Khans were inaugurated in this Kostenko. mosque and only after the ceremony did they go on to Favourite quote by foreign author: “Education is their capital Bakchisaray. Khan-Dzhami is a place the most powerful weapon which you can use to where many relics were preserved. One of them is the change the world” – Nelson Mandela. holy book of Qur’an which dates back to the XII cen- Favourite music recording: The Heavy “What tury. After the deportation of the Crimean Tatars the makes a good man?” Khan-Dzhami was used as a storehouse. For a num- Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: ber of years a museum of atheism was situated there. St. Andrew’s Church (Àíäð³¿âñüêà Öåðêâà, Andriyivs- Only in 1992, after Crimean Tatars began to come ka Tserkva) is a Baroque-style church designed by back to their ancestral motherland, the Khan Dzhami Italian architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli. The church is in- was returned to local Muslims. Today anyone is wel- cluded in the List of Mankind Treasures of Five Conti- come to visit and learn about the Khan Dzhami. Once nents by the world society. St Andrew’s church is a you enter this mosque, you can enjoy warm rays which unique work of architecture and art that attracted pervade through the varicolored windows and sink into Ukrainian, Russian and foreign masters. Thanks to the atmosphere of tranquility. Rastrelli’s involvement the church acquired its unique baroque appearance and iconostasis with icons paint- ed by St Petersburg artists. St Andrew’s Church is the ecclesiastic center of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Or- thodox Church in Kyiv, as well as part of one of the most picturesque locations in the city that includes An- driyivsky Descent with its numerous cafes, galleries and restaurants, making it a popular site among tour- ists from all over the world.

Oleg NAUMENKO Born in: Kharkiv, Ukraine. Hometown: Kyiv, Ukraine. University of Cambridge (est. in 1209), Faculty of History. Motto of University: “Hinc lucem et pocula sacra” – “From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge” – "³ä öüîãî ì³ñöÿ ìè íàáóâàºìî ïðîñâ³- òó òà äîðîãîö³ííå çíàííÿ". Vasylyna ODNORIH Foreign languages: English, Russian, Polish Born in Zhydachiv, Lviv region, Ukraine. (basic). National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Intern to Mike Wallace, MP for Burlington. established in 1615. Law School. Michael Starr Scholarship recipient Motto of the University: “Tempus fugit, Academia Last Ukrainian author read: Þð³é ²çäðèê "Îñòð³â sempiterna” – "×àñ ïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà ÊÐÊ òà ³íø³ ³ñòîð³¿"; “KRK Island and other stories” àêàäåì³ÿ â³÷íà" – “Time passes, Kyiv-Mohyla Acad- by Yuriy Izdryk. emy is eternal”. Last foreign author read: “Scenarios of Power” Jagiellonian University, founded in 1364. .Faculty of by Richard Wortman. Law and Administration. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Íàö³¿ Motto of the University: “Plus Ratio Quam Vis” – âìèðàþòü íå â³ä ³íôàðêòó. Ñïî÷àòêó ¿ì â³äáèâຠ“Let reason prevail”.

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Foreign languages: English, Russian, Polish, French. Intern to Lawrence Toet, MP for Elmwood-Transco- na. Alexandra & Eugene Sukniarsky Scholarship recipient Last book read: “A Ukrainian Wherever” by Dr. Bohdan Hawrylyshyn. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Æèâå òîé, õòî íå æèâå äëÿ ñåáå, õòî äëÿ äðóãèõ âèáîðþº æèòòÿ" – Âàñèëü Ñèìîíåíêî; “Lives not the one, who lives for himself, but the one, who is fighting for others” – Vasyl Simonenko. Mykhailo OLEKSIIENKO Favourite quote by foreign author: “We are gener- Born in: Odesa, Ukraine. ally more persuaded by the reasons we discover Hometown: Odesa, Ukraine. ourselves than by those given to us by others” – Odessa National Polytechnic University was Blaise Pascal. established in 1918. Institute of Business, Econom- Favourite musical recording: “Nuvole Bianche” by ics and Business Administration, major in Computer Ludovico Einaudi. Science. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Motto of University: “Ex Professo” – “By Profes- The Lubart’s Castle, is a beautiful and well-preserved sion”. national monument of Ukraine, and is located in the City Business School was established in 2012. Ma- old part of Lutsk, in Volyn region. It was one of the jor in Business Administration. most powerful fortresses in Volyn at the time of the Motto of University: “New Level! New Life!” reign of Prince Lubart, Grand Duke of Lithuania. The Foreign languages: Russian, English, German. legend, passed through generations, retells how Intern to Peter Goldring, MP for Edmonton Centre- Prince Lubart built a dam on the Styr River, put a draw- East. bridge to the Entrance Tower and gradually replaced Humeniuk Family Scholarship recipient the wooden fortifications with stone ones, adding Last Ukrainian author read: Serhii Zhadan “Á³´ chicken eggs to make the construction last forever. Ìàê òà ³íø³ ³ñòîð³¿". Later on, the year of 1429 was a moment of glory for Last foreign author read: “Roman Tales” by Alberto the castle and its inhabitants. Lithuanian Prince Vytau- Moravia. tas the Great gracefully invited European monarchs to Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Íå visit Lutsk. Among others, the Holy Roman and Ger- äîïóñêàé òàêî¿ ìèñë³, / Ùî Áîã ïîêàæå íàì íåëàñêó. man Emperor Sigismund, Danish King Eric IV, Polish / Æèòòÿ ëþäñüêîãî ñòðîêè ñòèñë³. / Íåìຠ÷àñó íà monarch Wladyslaw II Jagiello, Gran Prince of Mos- ïîðàçêó". cow and the ambassador of the Byzantine Emperor Favourite quote by foreign author: “There are responded to the invitation. The legend about this worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not event holds that such important questions as forming reading them” – Ray Bradbury, “All human actions the coalition against the Ottoman Empire and provid- have one or more of these seven causes: chance, ing equal rights for Catholic and Orthodox churches nature, compulsion, habit, reason, passion, and were raised by the mighty leaders. Although many desire.” – Aristotle. pages of the history of the Castle have been explored Favourite musical recording: “Californication a lot still remains undiscovered. In honor of its rich ” – Jaroslav Dzhus; “Rendez-Vous” past the knights’ tournament called “Sword of Lutsk Okean Elzy. Castle” is held there annually. Just as in the 14th cen- Outstanding landmark of architecture in Ukraine: tury, the castle of Lubart still rises over the city remind- The Odessa National Academic Theater of Opera ing us of the magnificent history of the land and is an and Ballet was the first in Ukraine at its time of con- inspiration for the future. struction. The first theater was opened in 1810, but in 1873 it was completely destroyed by fire. The city in- vited Viennese architects, F. Felner and H. Helmer, to draft a new building. It took nearly fifteen years for Odesa to rebuild the Opera House and it was opened

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 13 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 on October 1st, 1887. The popular magazine "Forbes" place for Ukrainians. Even in the works of Taras included the Odessa Opera House into a list of the Shevchenko you can find proof of this argument. In most important sights in Eastern Europe. The unique- his poems “The Blind Woman” and “The Captive” a ness of the Odessa Opera House is its acoustics. A number of his heroes go to Kyiv and Pochaiv to pray. whisper can be heard in the hall, which houses 1636 According to the legend, the monastery was founded seats, very well in any part of it. There is also a “se- in 1240 when the monks of the Kyivan Cave Mon- cret” organ – when the instrument is not in use, the or- astery settled on Pochaiv Mountain. The history gan pipes above the boxes of the second circle are says that Anna Gojska was the owner of Pochaiv so closed with venetian blinds. Undoubtedly, the most im- she founded the cloister here on Nov.14, 1597. Later pressive part of the building is its auditorium, which is Anna Gojska ordered the transfer of a miraculous decorated in Rococo style. All the parts inside are very icon of the Holy Virgin to Pochaiv. This icon healed An- in tune with each other: the dome, columns, arches, na’s brother who was blind from birth. Today this icon bas-reliefs, candles and gilding, combine with the is a sacred object of the monastery. Another famous amazing colour of the walls and ceilings. legend about the Pochaiv is about how the Mother of God protected the monastery from the attack by the Turks in July 1675. As legend says, Iov Zalizo, who by this time had died and been canonized, appeared with the Virgin Mary over Trinity Church. The Holy Vir- gin diverted the Turkish arrows from the monastery, and the frightened invaders left Pochaiv. This leg- endary event is reflected in Ukrainian religious folk songs. Nowadays for millions of Ukrainians the town of Pochaiv appears as a “second Jerusalem”. For me this place has a special atmosphere. I used to come here with my grandma in my early childhood.

Khrystyna OLIIARNYK Born in: Zhovti Vody, Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine. Hometown: Zhovti Vody. National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was established in 1615. Faculty of Law. Motto of University: “Tempus fugit, Academia sempiterna” – "×àñ ïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà àêàäåì³ÿ â³÷íà" – “Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla acad- emy remains eternal”. Foreign languages: English, Spanish, Russian . Intern to Mike Sullivan, MP for York South–Weston, Ontario. Anna Mazurenko Scholarship recipient Last book read: “The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari” Olga OSYPCHUK by Robin Sharma. Born in: Korostyshiv, Zhytomyrska oblast, Ukraine. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Áîð³òåñÿ – Hometown: Kyiv. ïîáîðèòå" – Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Favourite quote by foreign author: “You are only Institute of International Relations, established in given a little spark of madness. You must not lose 1834. Faculty of International Law, specialty – it” – Robin Williams. European law. My favourite musical recording: Low Deep T – Motto of University: “Utilitas Honor et Gloria” – “Casablanca”. "Êîðèñòü, ÷åñòü òà ñëàâà" – “Utility, Honour and Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Glory”. The monastery of Pochaiv (in Ternopil region) from Kyiv National Economic University, established in the late 18th century is considered to be a holy 1906. Faculty of Law.

14 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade Foreign languages: English, Russian, Spanish. Intern to Hoang Mai, MP for Brossard–La Prairie, Quebec. Cathy Obal Scholarship recipient Last Ukrainian author read: "Çàïèñêè óêðà¿íñüêîãî ñêàæåíîãî" – ˳íà Êîñòåíêî;. “Notes by the Ukrainian Lunatic” by Lina Kostenko. Last book read: “48 Laws of Power” by Robert Greene. Favourite quote by a Ukrainian author: "Äàé Áîæå íàì ëþáèòè Óêðà¿íó ïîíàä óñå ñüîãîäí³ ìàþ÷è, ùîá íå äîâåëîñÿ ã³ðêî ëþáèòè ¿¿, Monika OTASOVIIE âòðàòèâøè" – Â'ÿ÷åñëàâ ×îðíîâ³ë; “Oh Lord, let us Born in: Kharkiv, Ukraine. love Ukraine above all we have today, in order not to love it bitterly after we lose it” – Vyacheslav Chorno- Institute of International Relations Taras vil. Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, estab- Favourite quote by foreign author: “You have your lished in 1834. way. I have my way. As for the right way, the correct Motto of the University: “Utilitas, honor et gloria” – way, and the only way, it does not exist” – Friedrich “Utility, honour and glory”. Nietzsche. Foreign languages: English, Spanish, Russian. Favourite musical recording: “Je veux” by ZAZ, Macdonald-Laurier Program Intern “Na nebi” and “Vstavai” by Okean Elzy John & Myroslava Yaremko Scholarship recipient Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Last book read: “The Life of Benjamin Franklin” – Saint Andrew's Church. It is a major Baroque church autobiography. located in Kyiv. The church was constructed in 1747- Favorite book: The Bible. 1754 and the author of the project was the famous Im- Favorite quote by foreign author: “…because perial architect of St. Petersburg – Bartolomeo Ras- there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but trelli. As with many baroque buildings, Saint Andrew's who does actually strive to do the deeds; who Church is notable for its unusual elegance, luxurious knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who decor, exquisite refinement, and airiness of form. But spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best even more impressive is the church’s interior – suited knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, for a luxurious palace – which was also designed by and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while the great Rastrelli. Its key decoration is the original daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with bright-red iconostasis, made of linden wood and cov- those cold and timid souls who neither know victory ered with gold. Now the church operates as a museum nor defeat.” – Theodore Roosevelt. and there are also liturgies held every morning and Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: "ß æèâà, I evening. áóäó â³÷íî æèòè, áî â ñåðö³ ìàþ òå, ùî íå âìèðàº" – Ëåñÿ Óêðà¿íêà. Favorite musical recording: "ß íå çäàìñÿ áåç áîþ" – Ñâÿòîñëàâ Âaêàð÷óê. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: SOFIYIVSKIY PARK. It is one of the world’s most fa- mous garden-park art creations. There are many sce- nic areas including waterfalls, fountains, ponds and a stone garden. It is one of the most famous examples of late 17th or early 18th century European landscape garden design that has been preserved to the present time.

MP Ted Opitz and Maksym Synytsya, CUPP 2014 Intern.

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Daria PANKRATOVA OLESYA POGORELOVA Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine. Born in Odesa, Ukraine. Hometown: Kyiv. Hometown: Toronto . National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was University of Toronto was established in 1827. established in 1615. Faculty of Social Sciences and Faculty of Economics, and Department of Political Social Technologies, Department of Sociology. Science. Motto of University: “Tempus fugit, Academia Motto of University of Toronto: “Tantum Nobis sempiterna.” – "×àñ ïëèíå, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà Creditum” – “As a tree through the ages”. Àêàäåì³ÿ â³÷íà" – “Time passes, Kyiv Mohyla Acad- Foreign languages: Ukrainian, French. emy remains eternal”. Intern to Peter Goldring, MP for Edmonton East, Foreign languages: English, Russian, Turkish, Alberta. French. Malanchuk Family Scholarship recipient Intern to Stella Ambler, MP for Mississauga South, Macdonald-Laurier Program Intern Ontario. Last Ukrainian author read: "Îñòàíí³é Ïîñòð³ë" – 2014 Dr. Yuri & Dr. Oksana Fedyna Scholarship Ðîìàí Êîë³ñíèê. recipient Last book read: “The Wealthy Barber Returns” – Last book read: “The Elephant in the Room: Si- David Chilton. lence and Denial in Everyday Life” by Eviatar Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Íå çàâèäóé Zerubavel. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ó ùàñòÿ áàãàòîìó, Áàãàòèé íå çíàº. ͳ ïðèÿçí³, í³ ëþáîâ³ – ëþäñüêîãî äâà ð³âíèõ º êðèëà: Òðîÿíäè é âèíîãðàä, ³í âñå òå íàéìàº"; “Do not be jealous of the rich êðàñèâå ³ êîðèñíå" – Ìàêñèì Ðèëüñüêèé; “Human one, the rich one does not know. No goodness, no fortune has two equal wings: Roses and grapes, love – He hires for those” – Taras Shevchenko. beautiful and useful” – Maksym Rylskiy. Favourite quote by foreign author: “The simple Favourite quote by foreign author: “What lies things are also the most extraordinary things, and behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters only the wise can see them.” – Paulo Coelho. compared to what lies within us” – Oliver Wendell My favourite musical recording: “Another World” – Holmes. One Direction. Favourite musical recording: Ìëàäà – "Âåñíî ìîÿ". Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Hoverla Mountain is the highest mountain in Ukraine The fortress of Khotyn which is located approximate- and is part of the Carpathian Mountains. It is located in ly 70 km away from Chernivtsi. Khotyn is undoubtedly the Eastern Beskids, in the Chornohora region. The one of the most interesting historical landmarks in mountain is a great tourist attraction and since the 20th Ukraine. It dates from 10th century when Khotyn fort century has been gaining popularity as an extreme was built as a defensive point of the Kyiv Rus’ south sports site. As someone who has climbed the moun- west border. The fortress of Khotyn has witnessed tain I can honestly say it’s one of the most beautiful many heroic battles and feats, and is especially fa- places in Ukraine. mous for the Khotyn battle which broke out between united Polish and Cossacks troops and the Ottoman army. Nowadays the fortress belongs to the Reserva- tion of History and Architecture and serves as an open air museum. Khotyn is a great place to enjoy breath- taking scenery and feel the spirit of history.

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Denys SAMOILENKO Maksym POPOVYCH Born in : Kharkiv, Ukraine. Born in: Novyy Rozdil, Ukraine. Hometown: Kharkiv. Hometown: Kyiv. National University of “Kiyv-Mohyla Academy”. Leiden University was founded in 1575 by William, Faculty of Social Sciences and Social Technologies, Prince of Orange. Leiden Law School. Advanced Department of Political Science. LLM in European and International Business Law. University of Kharkiv (Vasyl Karazin National Motto of University: “Praesidium Libertatis”- “Bas- University of Kharkiv) was established in 1804. tion of Freedom”. Faculty of History, Department of Modern and Con- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was temporary History. founded in 1615. Faculty of Law, LLB. Motto of University: “Cognoscere, docere, erudire.” Motto of University: “Tempus fugit, Academia – “Learn, teach, educate”. Sempiterna” – “Time passes, the Academy is eternal” Foreign languages: English, Polish, German, – "×àñ ïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà àêàäåì³ÿ – Dutch, Russian. â³÷íà". Intern to Bev Shipley, MP for Lambton–Kent– Foreign languages: English, French, Russian, Middlesex, Ontario. Dutch. Josef & Maria Siecinsky Scholarship recipient Intern to James Bezan, MP for Selkirk-Interlake. Last Ukrainian author read: “From facebook & Michael Luchkovich Scholarship recipient glamor to Wikileaks and media-communications.” by Last book read: “Les Misérables” by Victor Hugo. Heorhiy Pocheptsov. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "ÍåìຠLast foreign author read: “The Future of Power” by í³÷îãî ñòðàøí³øîãî çà íåîáìåæåíó âëàäó â ðóêàõ Joseph Nye S. Jr. At the global information age is îáìåæåíî¿ ëþäèíè" – Âàñèëü Ñèìîíåíêî; “There is rendering these traditional markers of power. And it nothing more dangerous than unlimited power in the goes along with the power shifting decisively toward hands of a trivial mind” – Vasyl Symonenko. commercial systems. In short, the changes in politics Favourite quote by foreign author: “Strive not to and communication over the past dozen years have be a success, but rather to be of value” - Albert tended on balance to enhance the applicability of the Einstein. power model in the world. The increase in corporate Favourite music recording: “Caruso” by Lucio power and global reach, the mergers and further Dalla. centralization of the resources, and the decline of Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: public broadcasting, have made a new configuration Chernivtsi National University – The main campus of power systems. of the university is on the list of UNESCO World Heri- Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Êîëè tage Sites. The architectural ensemnble serves also ïîåòîâ³ áðàêíå ïîâ³òðÿ, â³í ïîìèðàº, à êîëè áðàêíå as the Residence of the Bukovyna and Dalmatian ñâîáîäè, â³í ïåðåòâîðþºòüñÿ íà ïðîðîêà." – Þð³é Metropolitans. Undoubtedly, the campus is a top at- ³ííè÷óê. traction in Chernivtsi. It is also a powerful representa- Favourite quote by foreign author: “I am not tion of the multiculturalism of Bukovyna. The Univer- bound to win, but I am bound to be true. I am not sity is given national status nowadays and is a member bound to succeed, but I am bound to live by the light of the European University Association. that I have. I must stand with anybody that stands right, and stand with him while he is right, and part

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 17 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 with him when he goes wrong.” – Abraham Lincoln, Favourite quote by a Ukrainian author: "Ñóä³òü “America will never be destroyed from the outside. If ñåðöåì à íå ïî îáëè÷ó" – Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðîäà; we falter and lose our freedoms, it will be because we “Judge by the heart and not by the face” – Hryhoriy destroyed ourselves.” – Abraham Lincoln. Skovoroda. Favourite musical recording: Pink Floyd – “Anoth- Favourite quote by a foreign author: “The illiterate er Brick in the Wall”. of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and Kharkiv National University V. N. Karazin Kharkiv relearn” – Alvin Toffler. National University is one of the oldest universities in Favourite musical recording: ‘Hej Sokoly’ – a Eastern Europe. The University was founded in No- famous Ukrainian folk song. vember 1804, on the initiative of the prominent educa- Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: tor V.N. Karazin. The University community contribut- the Sviatohirsk Lavra or the Sviatohirsk Cave Monas- ed a lot for raising up of Ukrainian sovereign state. tery (Ukrainian Ñâÿòî-Óñïåíñüêà Ñâÿòîã³ðñüêà Namely due to that fact Kharkiv became the major de- Ëàâðà) is a historic Orthodox Christian monastery near fender of Ukrainian culture in the East. The history of the city of Sviatohirsk in Donetsk Oblast of eastern Kharkiv National University is associated with well- Ukraine. The monastery is located on the right bank of known Ukrainian personalities such as P. Hulak-Arte- the Seversky Donets River. The name comes from the movskyi, M. Kostomarov, O. Potebnya, H. Skovoroda hill on which it sits – Sviatohirsk or Holy Hill. and many others.

Vasylysa SHEININA Artem SHAIPOV Born in: Kharkiv, Ukraine. Born in: Artemivs'k, Ukraine. Hometown: Ramat Gan, Israel. Hometown: Artemivs'k. University of Kharkiv; Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kharkiv. National University was established in 1804, Law Faculty, established in 1834. Faculty of Philology, department of General and Motto of University: “Utilitas honor et Gloria” – Applied Linguistics. Bachelor of Arts in Applied ‘Utility honor and glory’. Linguistics. University of Cambridge, Law Faculty, established Motto of University: “Cognoscere. Docere. Erudire” in 1209. – "ϳçíàâàòè. Íàâ÷àòè. Ïðîñâ³ùàòè" – “To learn. To Motto of University: “Hinclucem et pocula sacra” – educate. To enlighten”. “From here, light and sacred draughts’. Foreign languages: Russian, English, German, Foreign languages: English, Russian, Chinese, Hebrew. German. Intern to Larry N. McGuire, MP for Brandon-Souris 2013 Model Ukraine White Paper Committee Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient participant in Ottawa. Last book read in Ukrainian: "Ãîëîâà ßêîâà" – Intern to Mark Adler, MP for York Centre. Ëþáêî Äåðåø; “Jacob’s Head” by Lubko Deresh. John Sopinka Scholarship recipient Last book read in English: “The Seven Habits of Last book read: ‘The Art of Thinking Clearly” by Rolf Highly Effective People” by Stephen R. Covey. Dobelli. Favourite quote by a Ukrainian author: "Î, êîëè

18 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade áìè â ãàíåáíèõ ñïðàâàõ áóëè òàê³ æ ñîðîìëèâ³ ³ áîÿçê³, ÿê öå ÷àñòî ìè áóâàºìî áîÿçê³ ³ õèáíî ñîðîìëèâ³ ó ïîðÿäíèõ â÷èíêàõ!" – Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðîäà; “Oh, if we were as shy and timid in disgraceful doings as we often falsely are in decent deeds!” – Hryhoriy Skovoroda. Favourite quote by foreign author: “Never, never, never give up” – Sir W. Churchill. Favourite musical recording: “Thank you” by Dido Armstrong, “Taka yak ty”, “Yayidudodomu”, “Vid- pusty” by OkeanElzy, “Vesna” by 5’nizza. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Varvara SHMYGALOVA Taras Shevchenko Monument in Kharkiv. This mon- Bornin: Kyiv, Ukraine. ument was chosen as the #1 wonder of Kharkiv and Hometown: Kyiv. does deserve the rank. The monument created by National University of “Kyiv-MohylaAcademy” sculptor MatveyManizer and architect Yosef Langbard was established in 1615. Faculty of Social Sciences was erected on the 24th of March 1935 in the Shevchen- and Social Technologies. Department of Political ko city park. The composition is more than 16 meters Science. high; the height of the poet’s sculpture is 4.5 meters. It Motto of University: “Tempus fugit, Academia was created in a social realism style with some ele- sempiterna” – ‘Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy is ments of Stalin Baroque. The figure of the Kobzar eternal” – "×àñ ïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà symbolizes the struggle for justice and rights of the àêàäåì³ÿ – â³÷íà". people. A sculptural group of workers and peasants Foreign languages: English, Russian, French surrounds the statue of Shevchenko. There are 16 fig- (basic). Intern to Hon. Laurie Hawn, MP for Edmonton ures. Part of them symbolizes heroes of Shevchenko’s Centre, Alberta. poems who struggled for freedom and equality, while 2014 Tetiana Mackiw Scholarship recipient the rest are representing revolutionaries: a miner, a Last book read: “A Time to Love and a Time to Die” collective farmer, a Red Army soldier and a woman – by Erich Maria Remarque. all of them are characters of the Soviet epoch.There Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ñâîáîäàíå are a few local legends regarding the monument. ìîæåáóòèäîçîâàíîþ" – ²ðåí Ðîçäîáóäüêî; “Free- According to one of them rubbing a toe of one of the dom can’t be partial” – Iren Rozdobydko, "Æàõ íå â monument’s figures brings luck. Another legend says òîìó, ùî ùîñü çì³íèòüñÿ, – æàõ ó òîìó, ùî âñå that those who will find a dray wheel in the construction ìîæå çàëèøèòèñÿ òàê ñàìî" – ˳íà Êîñòåíêî; of the monument can make a wish and it will come “Horror is not in that things will change, true (and I always suggest that my guests try to find it but in that things will remain the same” – Lina when they come to visit Kharkiv).This monument is Kostenko. considered to be one of the most beautiful and Favourite quote by foreign author: “If you truly meaningful sculptures of the Kobzar in the world, and want something, sooner or later you will receive it” – I hope that it will be preserved by future generations of Joanne Harris, “Being powerful is like being a lady. If Ukrainians as a symbol of our love for freedom and you have to tell people you are, you aren’t” – Marga- democratic values. ret Thatcher. Favourite musical recording: Îêåàí Åëüçè "Âñòàâàé", Zaz “J’Aime A Nouveau”. Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Kyiv Landscape Alley is a significant and outstand- ing creative area. The alley replaced the ruined defen- sive walls of the Upper Town, which situated over the Honchary natural boundary. It starts behind the Na- tional Museum of Ukrainian history and extends up to the buildings №№ 36 and 40 on the Great Zhytomir- ska street. It was founded by architect Avraam Milets- kiy in the early 1980s. Since the year 2009 famous Kyiv sculpture Konstantin Scretutskiy has begun the

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 19 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 reconstruction and transfiguration of the Landscape Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "ßêáè âè Alley. He populated it with a variety of fantastic charac- â÷èëèñü òàê, ÿê òðåáà, / Òî é ìóäð³ñòü áóëà áè ters: cats with plenty of feet, elephant-fountains, giant ñâîÿ." – Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî; “If you study as well as sparrows, multicolored baby dolls and green rabbits. you should, then you would have your own wisdom” Landscape Alley is a perfect place to enjoy the pictur- – Taras Shevchenko. esque vista of the Dnipro River and old Podil. The Al- Favourite quote by foreign author: “The weak can ley is my favorite spot for meeting with friends, and it never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the is enjoyable to read a book on one of its artist’s artistic strong” – Mahatma Gandhi. benches. Lots of people used to take a picture or even Favourite musical recording: Îêåàí Åëüçè "ß ¿äó have a photo session here, among the grass, trees, äîäîìó", “Carol of the Bells” Kvitka Cisyk, George fountains and fantastic characters. Furthermore, a vis- Moustaki – “Ma liberté”, Andrea Bocelli – “Canto itor of the Landscape Alley during the summer time on Della Terra”, U2 – “Beautiful day”. Thursdays and Fridays is able to watch a movie in the Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Lab Garage – another creative space with the cinema Lions of Lviv/Rynok Square. Lions of Lviv: Through in the open air, for free. All the above mentioned makes Kyiv Landscape Alley mandatory “a must see” for ev- centuries, my city has had plenty of names. When the eryone. Poles took over the land, the place became known as Lwow. Between the 18th and 20th centuries when the city was under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, they called it Lemberg. On the other hand, some Latin books christened it as Leopolis. However, the original name Lviv has a beautiful history and unusual transla- tion. In 13th century King Danylo Halytsky founded a hill-top fort here for his unique son whose name was Lev, which in Ukrainian means "lion". Since that, the place was called "the city of Lion's" or Lviv and has al- ways taken this animal as its symbol. Nowadays, Lviv has more than 4500 sculptures of lions. They impress in their astonishing variety: there are lion sages and visionaries, formidable and meek, those that chew grapes or those that even have wings to fly. All of these sculptures make the architecture of the city exception- Liliya SHMYHELSKA ally charming and mysterious. As lions embody cour- Born in: Lviv, Ukraine. age, the locals believe that they protect Lviv. It says Hometown: Lviv. that all honourable citizens who had defended or con- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona. Faculty of tributed to Lviv’s development, after passing away, be- Political and Social Sciences: Bachelor’s Degree in came lions in order to stay guardians of their city for- Political and Administrative Science. The University ever. Rynok Square. Rynok Square also known as was established in 1990 upon the initiative of the Market Square Is in the heart of Lviv surrounded by Government of Catalonia to promote principles of approximately fifty unique architectural monuments freedom, democracy, justice, equality and independ- which date back to the 16-20th centuries. They are all ence. listed by UNESCO as World Heritage sites. Firstly, the University of Turku, Finland. Finnish-Nordic Soci- Square appeared in the 14th century when German ety and Culture (Erasmus). It is Finland’s first Finnish colonists laid the foundations for a classical European university established in 1920. town with a traditional market (rynok) space. The Pol- Motto of University: “From a Free People to Free ish king desired to build a town according to the most Science and Learning”. innovative technologies of the time, and for that he in- Foreign languages: English, Spanish, Catalan, vited builders from Germany. In the following centuries Russian. the architectural perfection of Rynok Square was com- Intern to Harold Albrecht, MP for Kitchener- pleted by Italian and Austrian architects. Nowadays, Conestoga. Rynok Square continues to be the center of Lviv’s so- Emil Telizyn Scholarship recipient cial, economic and cultural life. For its citizens, this is Last book read: "Oscar and the Lady in Pink” by the place where history meets modernity and the cozi- Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt. est part of Lviv. 20 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

Christina SHOUP Andrii SOROKHAN Born in Toronto, Ontario. Born in: Chernivtsi, Ukraine. Hometown: Toronto, Ontario. Hometown: Kyiv, Ukraine. University of Toronto – English, Political Science, University: Kyiv School of Economics was estab- and History. lished in 1996 by Indiana University Economics Languages: English and Ukrainian. faculty members at the National University Kyiv- Intern to Jay Aspin, MP for Nipissing–Timiskaming, Mohyla Academy, Faculty of Economics, and M.A in Ontario. Financial Economics. Atamanchuk Family Scholarship recipient University: Yurii Fedkovych National University of Ukrainian National Youth Federation National Chernivtsi was established in 1875 by Emperor Franz Secretary, West Toronto branch President. Josef and in 1989 named after the famous Ukrainian Last Ukrainian author read: Yellow Boots – Vera writer Yuriy Fed'kovych, College of Economics Lysenko. Science, Department of economic and mathematical Last foreign author read: As You Like It – William modeling. Shakespeare. Moto of University: “Vivat Academia!” – "Õàé æèâå Favorite English quote: “One day your life will flash óí³âåðñèòåò!" – “Long live the university!” before your eyes; make sure it’s worth watching.” – Foreign Languages: English, Russian. Unknown. Intern to Mike Warawa, MP for Langley. Favorite Ukrainian quote: "Íå òîé äóðíèé, õòî íå Daria Telizyn Scholarship recipient çíàº... àëå òîé, õòî çíàòè íå õî÷å." – Ãðèãîð³é Last book read: Viktor Frankl “Man’s search for Ñêîâîðîäà. meaning”. Favorite musical recording: Cop Car by Keith Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ñâ³òëî Urban. â³äêðèâຠíàì òå, ïðî ùî ìè ó òåìðÿâ³ ëèøå Favorite Ukrainian musical recording: Play Me, çäîãàäóâàëèñÿ." – Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðîäà; “The light Musician by Ruslana Lyzhychko. reveals us to what we were trying to guess in the Brief Biography: In the past three years I have be- dark” – Hryhorii Skovoroda. come more involved in the Ukrainian community in Favorite quote by foreign author: “Everybody is a Canada through the Ukrainian National Youth Federa- genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tion, beginning as National and West Toronto branch tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.” secretary and moving on to become branch president. – Albert Einstein My current occupation is at Transport Canada in Avia- Favorite musical recording: George Ezra – “Buda- tion Security as part of the Federal Student Work Ex- pest”. perience Program. I very much enjoy working and Outstanding landmark of architecture in Ukraine: contributing to Canada’s transportation system. Once Central Square is the heart of one of the most beauti- graduated from the University of Toronto, I hope to use ful cities in Eastern Europe and Bukovina Region -- the knowledge I have gained from my experience with Chernivtsi. Ancient twisting streets broken by tight Transport Canada and the MLP program to continue turns stretch to the mountains from the river Prut. On working for the Government of Canada. gentle terraces they form a dense street net which is cut by wide roads heading for the Central square of Chernivtsi. Central Square was founded on the initia- tive of Austrian Emperor Joseph II, who had been to

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Chernivtsi before and gave an order to local authori- ties to construct a proper square for market and fair organization.

Maksym SYNYTSA Born in: Kherson, Ukraine. Hometown: Kyiv. Kyiv-MohylaUniversity (NationalUniversity of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”) was established in 1615. Faculty of Economics, Department of Economic Theory. Motto of University: “Tempus fugit, Academia Pavlo SOROKIN sempiterna” – "×àñ ïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà àêàäeì³ÿ Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine. – â³÷íà" – “Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Academy is Ukrainian State University of Finance and Interna- eternal”. tional Trade (USUFIT) established in 2007. .Major NationalAcademy of Public Administration, Office studied International Economics and Management. of the President of Ukraine. Higher School of Public Foreign languages: English, Russian, German. Administration. Master Program in Public Administra- Intern to Hon. Jason Kenney, MP for Calgary tion. Southeast. Motto of University: “Рatria et honor” – "³ò÷èçíà John & Myroslava Yaremko Scholarship recipient òà ÷åñòü" – “Motherland and honor”. Last book read: Jerome David Salinger “The Catch- Foreign languages: English, German, Russian. er in the Rye”. Achievements: 2014, Roman Tychkivskyy, CUPP Favourite quote by English author: “Our doubts 2014. are traitors, and make us lose the good we oft might (Kyiv-Mohyla University). Scholarship recipient win, by fearing to attempt.” (William Shakespeare). Intern to Ted Opitz, MP for Etobicoke Centre. Favourite quote by a Ukrainian author (in both Sen. John Ewasew Scholarship recipient English and Ukrainian): "Ñâ³ò ëîâèâ ìåíå, òà íå Last book read: “To the Efficient Societies: Guides ñï³éìàâ" – Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðîäà; “The world caught to the Future.” by BohdanHavrylyshyn. me, but it didn’t” – Hryhorii Skovoroda. Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ó÷³òåñü, Favourite musical recording: Gary Jules – “Mad ÷èòàéòå, ² ÷óæîìó íàó÷àéòåñü, é ñâîãî íå World”. öóðàéòåñü" – Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî; “Learn, read, and Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: learnfrom others but don’t deny your own wisdom” – St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral is a func- Taras Shevchenko. tioning monastery in Kyiv, which is located in the cen- Favourite quote by foreign author: "To strive, to ter of the capital. The Cathedral was built in 1108-1113 seek, to find and not to yield" – Alfred Lord Tennyson. by the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, Prince of Kyiv My favourite musical recording: Trust Сompany – Sviatopolk Izyaslavich. It’s a 6 Cross-domed church “Stronger”, Linkin Park “What I`ve done”, George with three naves and a gilded dome. The church was Michael “Last Christmas”. th 7-domed in the early 20 century. St. Michael's Cathe- Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: dral was built with stone and brick on lime solution Askania-Nova is a biosphere reserve and sanctuary technique "mixed masonry". The walls of the cathedral located in my native KhersonOblast, Ukraine, within are decorated with mosaics and frescoes. It was one the dry Taurida steppe near Oleshky Sands. The re- of the largest cathedrals of ancient Kyiv. serve consists of a zoological park, a botanical (den- drological) garden, and an open territory of virgin

22 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade steppes. The nature reserve was established in 1898 Business Administration. by Friedrich-Jacob Eduardovych Falz-Fein around the Foreign languages: English, German, Russian, Pol- German colony of Askania-Nova in Tavriia. It was one ish, Chinese, Italian. of the first private reserves in Ukraine. In 1983, Intern to Ève Péclet, MP for La Pointe-de-I'île, Askania-Nova was reorganized into a biosphere re- Quebec. serve and the following year it was designated as the Atamanchuk Family Scholarship recipient Soviet member of the World Network of Biosphere Re- Last Ukrainian author read: Âîëîäèìèð serves of UNESCO. The reserve consists of the accli- Âèííè÷åíêî – "Á³ëèé âåäì³äü òà ÷îðíà ïàíòåðà"; matization zoo, arboretum, and virgin steppe sanctu- Volodymyr Vynnychenko – “White bear and black ary – the last such area in Europe and has a total area panther”. of 825 km!. The Askania-Nova wetland Great Chapli Last foreign author read: Dambisa Moyo “Dead Depression is registered on the International list of Aid”. theRamsar Convention and has an area of 4x6 km.In Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Íàéâèùà 2008, Askania was named one of the Seven Natural êðàñà – öå êðàñà â³ðíîñò³. Ëþäè, ÿê³ íàêèäàþòüñÿ Wonders of Ukraine. íà âñå, ÿê³ ðîçì³íþþòü ñâî¿ ïî÷óòòÿ íàïðàâî ³ íàë³âî, ê³íåöü ê³íöåì ìóñÿòü â³ä÷óâàòè ñåáå çëèäàðÿìè" – Îëåñü Ãîí÷àð; “The greatest beauty is the beauty of faith. People, who rant about every- thing, who fritter away their energy, must feel in the end as paupers” – Oles Honchar. Favourite quotes by foreign author: “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”, “I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear” – Nelson Mandela. Favourite musical recordings: Ukrainian – Áóìáîêñ – "Âîíà íîñèëà êâ³òè â âîëîññ³", Îêåàí Åëüçè – "Íå ïèòàé", Ñêðÿá³í – "Ëþäè ÿê êîðàáë³", Foreign – Junkie XL “Divergent” soundtracks, Ed Anna URUKOVA Sheeran – “I see fire”. Born in: Pavlograd, Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Dnipropetrovsk region, House with Chimaeras is an Art Nouveau building, Ukraine. Hometown: located in the center of Ukraine’s capital city of Kyiv. Pavlograd. Adjacent to the President of Ukraine’s office, it serves Education: Erasmus Mundus Action 1 Joint nowadays as a presidential residence for official and Degree Master Program: Master of Arts in Eco- diplomatic ceremonies, but initially it was built by the nomics of Globalization and European Integra- Ukrainian architect Vladislav Gorodetsky as his own tion. upmarket apartment building (1901-1902). The build- 1) Xiamen University, China (est. 1921). Wang ing bears the name “House with Chimaeras” not only Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics. because of ornate decorations of strange, creepy ani- 2) University of Antwerp, Belgium (est. 2003). mals, which were born in the imagination of Italian ar- Department of Applied Economics. chitect Emilio Sala, who worked with Gorodetsky, but 3) University of Bari “Aldo Moro” (est. 1925). also because of the architectural style known as chi- Department of Economic Science and Mathematic maera decoration in which animal figures are applied Methods. Bacherlor's degree in International Econo- as decorative elements to the building. Due to his misc. unique style Gorodetsky was dubbed the Gaudi of National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Kyiv. Polytechnic Institute” (est. 1898). Faculty of Management and Marketing. Erasmus Mundus Action 2 EMERGE exchange program. University of Graz, Austria (est. 1585). Faculty of

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Anastassia VITKOVITSKY Arsen YEVCHUK Born in Yaroslavl, Russia. Born in: Lutsk, Volyn region, Ukraine. Hometown: Toronto, Canada. Hometown: Odesa. Languages: Ukrainian, English, Russian. National University “Odesa Law Academy” was York University, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Pro- established in 1847. Institute of Prosecution and fessional Studies – Professional Writing. Investigation, Law Department. Intern to Robert Goguen, MP for Moncton–River- Motto of University: “Vivat Academia!” – "Ñëàâà view–Dieppe, New Brunswick. Àêàäå쳿!" Humeniuk Family Scholarship recipient Foreign languages: Russian, English. Macdonald Laurier Program Intern Intern to Bal Gosal, MP for Bramalea–Gore–Malton, Last Ukrainian author read: Nikolai Gogol’s “Taras Ontario. Bulba”. Edward Schreyer Scholarship recipient Last foreign author read: Truman Capote's – “In Last book read: “The Hunger Games” by Suzanne Cold Blood”. Collins. Favourite Quote: “The days pass, the nights pass, / Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ðîáè As does summer. Yellowed leaves / Rustle, eyes ñïðàâó ÷åñíî, ç äóøåþ – ³ òâîº äî òåáå ïðèéäå. Öå grow dim, / Thoughts fall asleep, the heart sleeps, / íå îçíà÷àº, ùî çàâòðà ç'ÿâëÿòüñÿ çîëîò³ ãîðè. All has gone to rest, and I don’t know / Whether I’m Òðåáà áóòè òåðïëÿ÷èì, àëå ³ñòèíó çîëîòèõ ñë³â äëÿ alive or will live, / Or whether I’m rushing like this through the world, / For I’m no longer weeping or íèí³øíüîãî ïîêîë³ííÿ çàêðèâàþòü çîëîò³ ãîðè" – laughing...” – Taras Shevchenko. Áîãäàí Ñòóïêà. Favourite Song: Îêåàí Åëüçè – Ñòð³ëÿé. Favourite quote by foreign author: “No one is Outstanding Landmark or Architecture: The city of useless in this world who lightens the burdens of Lviv – with its abundant contents of remarkable archi- another” – Charles Dickens. tecture – is in itself an outstanding landmark in Ukraine. Favourite musical recording: Îêåàí Åëüçè "Òàêà, It entails both Ukrainian and Italian sculptural and ar- ÿê òè". chitectural styles of design. In fact, the Ivan Franko Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Park – the oldest park of Ukraine – was laid out in Lviv Shatsky Lakes. Shatsky Lakes is one of the most won- by Italians who also refined much of the city after the derful places in Ukraine. It appeared more than 10 Great Fire in 1527. Lviv’s city streets are an ancient thousand years ago when the last continental glaciers maze of mosaic; brick tiles pave winding walkways contracted. There are tens of crystal-clear lakes with piece by piece. Stone gargoyles, kings, warriors, dam- unsurpassed beauty that are filled with water from ar- sels and lions ornament every corner throughout the tesian sources. The largest and deepest lake of city, emanating an air of ancient Rome. Amongst the Ukraine, Svityaz (is approximately 30 m2, deep is 57 city's modern nightlife vernues, cultural sites of librar- m square) is one of them. In the middle of the lake you ies, theaters, cathedrals and magnificent fountains can see the small island with a great number of beau- stand at large. At night, grave shadows crawl up their tiful plants. Local people say that there exists a path profiles from the showcasing lights beaming up at that helps to come from the bank to the island on them. Lviv’s built-in beauty gives the city the individu- foot. The lake is surrounded by exotic flowers. Pure ality and prestige to portray the soul and history of air, beautiful landscapes and charming silence makes Ukraine on a global scale. Its air laced with the alluring Shatsky Lakes my favourite place to escape from the clash of both modern and antique, Lviv hypnotises and harshness of the city. mystifies both tourists and its residents.

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to a cityscape that has become a mix-mash of crum- bling ancient and newer constructions. A sobering re- minder of Stalin’s inhumane policies stands to the right as you exit the church grounds. This is a monument to the victims of Holodomor (starvation): A famine or- chestrated in part by the Soviet leadership in an at- tempt to squash the peasantry, as many as 10 million Ukrainians perished from 1932-33. Keeping watch over the square are the reconstructed statues of Prin- cess Olga, Apostle Andrew, St. Cyrill and St. Mepho- dius. Petro ZALIZNIAK Born Lviv, Ukraine. Hometown: Lviv. University of Kyiv (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv) established in 1827, Faculty of Law, Department of Land and Environmental Law. Motto of University: “Utilitas, honor et gloria” – “Utility, Honour, and Glory”. Intentional University College of Turin, Italy, established in 2006, LLM and MSc in Comparative Law, Economics and Finance Programs. Harvard University, Harvard School of Law, estab- lished in 1636. Motto of University: “Veritas”; “Truth”; "Ïðàâäà”. Foreign languages: English, French, Italian, Rus- Viktoriia ZALOZNA sian. Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine. Achievements: 2013 Olya HALYABAR, CUPP Hometown: Kyiv. 2004, (Danylo Halyts'kyj Medical University) & Maastricht University was established in 1976. Jerry LUCAS Scholarship recipient Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Master in Intern to Hon. Wayne Easter, MP for Malpeque. European Studies. Walter Surma Tarnopolsky Scholarship recipient Motto of University: “Leading in Learning”. Last Ukrainian author read: Pavlo Zahrebelniy Kyiv-Mohyla University (National University of “Miracle”; Ïàâëî Çàãðåáåëüíèé "Äèâî". “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”) was established in 1615. Last book read: “Steve Jobs” by Walter Isaacson. Faculty of Social Sciences. Bachelor in Political Favourite quote by English author: “If you hear a Science. voice within you say, 'You cannot paint,' then by all Motto of University: "Tempus fugit, Academia means paint and that voice will be silenced” by sempiterna” – "×àñ ïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà Vincent van Gogh. àêàäåì³ÿ – â³÷íà" – “Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Favourite quote by a Ukrainian author: “It is high Academy is eternal”. time for us to live for Ukraine” by Ivan Franko; "Íàì ïîðà äëÿ Óêðà¿íè æèòü" – ²âàí Ôðàíêî. Foreign languages: English, French, Russian. Intern to Robert Goguen, MP for Moncton-River- Favourite musical recording: “My Ukraine” by view-Dieppe. Natalia Buchynska. Sen. Denise Batters Scholarship recipient Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Last book read: “Atlas Shrugged” by Ayn Rand. Saint Michael’s Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine. St. Mi- Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Òåðï³òü chael’s Cathedral is located opposite Saint Sophia’s êàéäàíè – òî âñåñâ³òñüêèé ñîðîì, çàáóòü ¿õ, íå Cathedral. The original, built by Kniaz Sviatopolk in ðîçáèâøè, – ã³ðøèé ñòèä" – Ëåñÿ Óêðà¿íêà; “Bear- 1108, was destroyed by the Soviet regime in the 1930s ing chains – is worldwide shame, Forgetting them for having “no historical value.” The reconstructed ca- without breaking – is a worse shame” – Lesya thedral was completed in May 2000. Its sky blue exte- Ukrainka. rior and glittering golden domes add a stunning layer Favourite quote by foreign author: “Who controls

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 25 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 the past controls the future. Who controls the pres- Favourite quote by Ukrainian author: "Ó÷³òåñü, ent controls the past” – George Orwell. ÷èòàéòå, ³ ÷óæîìó íàó÷àéòåñü, ³ ñâîãî íå My favourite musical recording: Maybeshewill – öóðàéòåñü" – Òàðàñ Øåâ÷åíêî; “Think and read, “Not for Want of Trying”, Enter Shikari – “System”, and to your neighbours' gifts pay heed, yet do not The Kooks – “Sway”. thus neglect your own” - Taras Shevchenko, "Ç óñ³õ Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: óòðàò âòðàòà ÷àñó íàéòÿæ÷à" – Ãðèãîð³é Ñêîâîðî- Saint Sofia Cathedral, situated in the heart of Kyiv, äà; “Of all the losses the loss of time is the hardest” is one of the main landmarks of Christianity in Ukraine. – Gregory Skovoroda. The name of the Church comes from Hagia Sofia Situ- Favourite quote by foreign author: “A journey of a ated in Constantinople. Its foundations were laid in the thousand miles begins with the first step” Lao-Tzu. early 11th century. The Cathedral contains original Favourite musical recording: Eagles – “Hotel mosaics and wall paintings of the Byzantine tradition. California”. Also, the first library in Kyivan Rus was created by Outstanding landmark or architecture in Ukraine: Yaroslav the Wise on the territory of the Saint Sofia. Lakes of Shatsk, located in Volyn Oblast, are a group The great value of this landmark is not only its signifi- of 24 of the most beautiful lakes in Ukraine. They are cant cultural role but also its immense political and so- included to Shatsky National Natural Park and each cial symbolism. Nowadays, it is the home of the Kyiv year attract thousands of tourists who come not only Patriarchate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church which from Ukraine but also from neighboring Belarus and signifies its independence from the Moscow Patriarch- Poland. It is a real miracle that these lakes were skirt- ate. In addition, the Cathedral is a UNESCO World ed by a radioactive cloud from Chernobyl and now Heritage site. Therefore, Sobor Sviatoyi Sofiyi is a constitute one of the most picturesque parts of our great symbol of Ukrainian religious, cultural traditions, country. The biggest lake of the group, Svityz, is also history and independence. the deepest lake in Ukraine, which is very impressive because 80 % of the lake does not even reach 3 me- ters in depth. It is said that every lake has its special healing properties which are different from one anoth- er. That is why for the best therapeutic effect it is pref- erable to swim in every major lake at least once during one’s vacation.

Denys ZBOROSHENKO Born in: Kyiv, Ukraine. Hometown: Kyiv, Ukraine. National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy was established in 1615. Faculty of Law. Motto of University: “Tempus fugit, Academia Tsezarii ZHYDETSKYI sempiterna” – "×àñ ïëèííèé, Êèºâî-Ìîãèëÿíñüêà Born in: Lviv, Ukraine. àêàäåì³ÿ â³÷íà" – “Time passes. Kyiv-Mohyla Acad- Hometown: Cologne, Germany. emy remains eternal”. University: National Technical University of Ukraine Foreign languages: English, Russian. “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” was founded in 1898. Intern to Gerald Keddy, MP for South Shore–St. Faculty of Management and Marketing M.Sc. degree Margaret’s, Nova Scotia. in Economy of Enterprise. Ramon Hnatyshyn Scholarship recipient Moto of University: “sit primum” – "áóäü ïåðøèì" – Last book read: “Parallel Lives” by Plutarch. “be first”.

26 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

University: Ruhr University Bochum was established Favorite quote by foreign author: “veni, vidi, vici”; in 1962. Faculty of Economics M.Sc. degree in “I came, I saw, I conquered” – Julius Caesar. Management and Economics. Favorite musical recording: Frank Sinatra – “I Love Moto of University:”menschlich – weltoffen – leis- You, Baby”. tungsstark” (Germ.) – "ëþäÿíèé – â³äêðèòèé äëÿ Outstanding landmark of architecture in Ukraine: ñâ³òó – âèñîêîåôåêòèâíèé" – “People-centered – The Dominican church and monastery in Lviv, Ukraine Cosmopolitan – High-performance”. is located in the city's Old Town, east of the market Foreign Languages: English, German, Polish, square. In 1749 Józef Potocki laid the cornerstone for Russian. the present day Baroque church, commonly attributed Intern to Paul Calandra, MP for Oak Ridges– to Jan de Witte. The church was consecrated in 1764 Markham, Ontario. by the Latin archbishop of Lviv Wacław Hieronim Si- Malanchuk Family Scholarship recipient erakowski. The Dominicans managed to safely survive Last book read: Ernest Hemingway “For Whom the through the reign of the Austrian emperor Joseph II, Bell Tolls”. who closed many other monasteries. In 1865 a neo- Favorite quote by Ukrainian author: "Æèòòÿ baroque bell tower was added to the complex. In the ïðîéäå, íåìîâ âîäà, ³ â³äöâ³òå, íåìîâ âèøíåâà years 1885-1914 a controversial renovation of the fa- ã³ëêà... â æèòò³ îäíà ïîìèëêà – íå á³äà, á³äà, êîëè cade and interior was carried out. After World War II óñå æèòòÿ – ïîìèëêà." – Ë. Êîñòåíêî; “Life will the complex was occupied by soviets, used as ware- pass, like water and fade like a cherry branch. One house and in the 1970s changed into a museum of re- mistake in life – it does not matter, what matters, is ligion and atheism. With the collapse of the Soviet when one’s whole life – is a mistake” – Lina Kosten- Union the church was given to the Ukrainian Greek ko. Catholic Church and now serves as a parish church.

Historian Borys Gengalo on excursion with CUPP 2014 L to R: Denis Samoilenko, Pavlo Sorokin, Denys Zborosh- Interns. From L to R: Tsezarii Zhydetskyi, Masha Korolen- enko, Mykhail Oleksiienko, Maksym Synytsya, Artem ko, Anna Melenchuk, Iryna Dobrohorska, Oleg Naumenko, Shaipov, Viktoriia Zalozna, Olga Karhanina, Borys Genga- Borys Gengalo. lo, Olga Osypchuk, Petro Zalizniak, Andrew Sorokhan.

Historian Borys Gengalo on At Brixton's pub. L to R: Oleksiy Kovalenko, excursion with At Brixton's pub. L to R: Anna Urukova, MP Anna Urukova, Thomas Mulcair (leader of NDP). CUPP 2014 Interns. Raymond Cote (NDP), Oleksiy Kovalenko. CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 27 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

Oleksandra BROVKO Anton BURINKOV

Khortytsia Island on the Dniper River. Aktovsky Canyon on the Mertvovod River.

Iryna DOBROHORSKA Oleh FEDAY

The Swallo's Nest in Yalta, Ukraine. The Arch Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lviv.

Oleksandra KARABILO Olga KARKHANINA

Ruins of Panticapaeum in Kerch. Genoese Fortress in Sudak, Crimea.

28 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

Petro KOCHERHAN Sofiya KOMINKO

Zolochiv Castle in Lviv oblast.

Perce Rock on the coast of the Maria KOROLENKO Gaspesie Peninsulabak.

Oleksiy KOVALENKO

The Tunnel of Love in Klevan.

Nataliia MASLENNYKOVA St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv.

Chersoneses – Greek colony.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 29 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

Anna MELENCHUK Anastasia MELNYK

Buky Canyon in the village of Buky in the Cherkasy South coast of Crimea. region.

Oleg NAUMENKO Lyenyera MYEMYETOVA

St. Andrew's Church in Kyiv. Khan-Dzhami, Yevpatoriya.

Mykhailo OLEKSIIENKO Vasylyna ODNORIH

The Odesa National Academic Theater of Opera The Lubart's Castle in the old part of Lutsk. and Ballet.

30 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

Khrystyna OLIIARNYK Olga OSYPCHUK

Monastery of Pochaiv in Ternopil region. St. Andrew's Church in Kyiv.

Monika OTASOVIIE

Sofiyivskiy Park.

Daria PANKRATOVA Olesya POGORELOVA

The Fortress of Khotyn. Hoverla Mountain.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 31 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

Maksym POPOVYCH

Chernivtsi National University.

Denys SAMOILENKO

Kharkiv National University.

Artem SHAIPOV Vasylysa SHEININA

Sviatohirsk Lavra in Sviatohirsk Cave Monstery.

Taras Shevchenko Monument in Kharkiv.

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Varvara SHMYGALOVA Liliya SHMYHELSKA

Kyiv Landscape Alley. Lions of Lviv on Rynok Square.

Andrii SOROKHAN Pavlo SOROKIN

Central Square in Chernivtsi. St. Michael's Golden-Domed Cathedral in Kyiv.

Maksym SYNYTSYA

Biosphere Reserve and Sanctuary Askania- Nova in Tavriia, Kherson oblast.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 33 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

Anna URUKOVA Anastassia VITKOVITSKY

House with Chimaeras in Kyiv. The city of Lviv.

Arsen YEVCHUK Petro ZALIZNIAK

St. Michael's Cathedral in Kyiv. Shatsky Lakes.

Viktoriia ZALOZNA Denys ZBOROSHENKO

St. Sofia Cathedral in Kyiv. Lakes of Shatsk in Volyn oblast.

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Tsezarii ZHYDETSKYI I received a green light from James Bezan to use his quote on our Program in our publications: "There is a brilliant internship program on the Hill which empowers young Ukrainians and gives them an opportunity to observe the governance processes in Canada" Member of Parliament Selkirk-Interlake, Manitoba Ukraine’s Quest for Mature Nation Statehood Roundtable/Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic Future: International Forum Fusion Event: "Divining the Outcome of the EP Summit in Vilnius" September 23, 2013 The Dominican Church and Monastery in Lviv. Washington, D.C.

Artem Shaipov, Rev. Petro Galadza, Petro Zalizniak. MP Ed Komarnicki and Iryna Dobrohorska.

CUPP 2014 after arrival at Ottawa on Sep. 10, 2014. 1st row L to R: A. Shaipov, V. Odnorih, A. Sorokhan, T. Zhydetskyi, I. Dobrohorska, A. Melenchuk, O. Kovalenko, M. Oleksiienko, D. Samoilenko, A. Urukova, P. Sorokin. 2nd row: P. Kocherhan, O. Osypchuk, O. Karabilo, K. Oliiarnyk, O. Karhani- na, N. Maslennykova, V. Zalozna, V. Sheinina, V. Shmygaleva, L. Shmyhelska, D. Pankratova, P. Zalizniak, L. Myemyetova. 3rd row: O. Naumenko, A. Burinkov, D. Zboroshenko, M. Popovych. Petro Kocherhan and MP ...... at ......

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 35 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

Peace, Order and Good Government: the Canadian Road to the Rule of Law

By Errol Mendes (Professor of Law), Michelle Bloodworth (Student at Law, University of Ottawa), Andrew Coleman (Student at Law, University of Ottawa) and Allan Rock (Professor of Law and President, University of Ottawa)

1. Introduction ideas that make up the rule of law have bition of delegated power, are foreign to This Conference exploring "Different roots that reach back into early written his- contemporary English law, which accepts Roads to the Rule of Law" provides tory, most people trace the modern con- as proper the delegation of powers in ad- th an opportunity for academics, practising cept to the eminent 19 century jurist the ministrative law. And so, even in common lawyers, senior public servants and others Honourable A. V. Dicey, who famously out- law systems, the leading scholars on the to examine the rule of law in various con- lined three principles that give meaning to subject prefer modified versions of Dicey's texts. the rule of law: definition, which tend to focus on equality This paper will briefly discuss some 1. The "absolute supremacy or pre- under the law, and other aspects analyti- aspects of Canada's experience with the dominance of regular law as op- cally derived from Dicey's definition. rule of law, and especially in relation to our posed to the influence of arbitrary In one of the most succinct and ele- relatively recent constitutional patriation power, excluding the existence of gant contemporary books on the subject, (in 1982). It will refer to our efforts to inte- arbitrariness, or prerogative, or former Lord Chief Justice of England and grate the rule of law into our country's po- even of wide discretionary authority Wales, Lord Thomas Bingham describes litical, legal and constitutional structure. It on the part of the government;" the core of the rule of law as being "that all will also acknowledge the significant chal- 2. Еquality "before the law, or the persons and authorities within the state, lenges that Canada, like many other coun- equal subjection of all classes to whether public or private, should be bound tries, faces in living up to this principle's the ordinary law of the land admin- by and entitled to the benefit of laws pub- lofty ideals. istered by the ordinary law courts;" licly and prospectively promulgated and 2 While Canada is renowned for its po- and publicly administered in the courts." While litical and constitutional emphasis on 3. The "rights of individuals as defined Bingham's definition offers a modern and 1 "peace, order and good government" and enforced by the courts." culturally neutral take on the rule of law, it (words embodied in the preamble to the Dicey's definition remains intuitively is clearly missing a major facet of Dicey's Constitution Act, 1867, our founding appealing today. But while he sought to definition: the emphasis on individual document) Canada has now codified a capture the general nature of the rule of rights. There is good reason for this, as the substantial conception of the rule of law in law, his theory is primarily a manifestation issue of content has been one of the major its modern constitution, in particular in the of a particular moment in the history of the points of disagreement over the rule of Canadian Charter of Rights and British common law tradition. While the law. Freedoms. contemporary understanding of the rule of Those on one end of the spectrum This paper will touch upon the roots of law remains indebted to Dicey, the con- hold that "the rule of law means literally the rule of law concept, internationally and cept has undergone a series of changes what it says... people should obey the law 3 in Canada, and then examine the influ- since his time. and be ruled by it." This is sometimes ence of our constitutional changes in 1982 Even the strongest aspect of Dicey's called the "thin," formal, definition of the on the role and content of the rule of law in definition, the form of the rule of law, falls rule of law, or more derogatorily the rule our country. It will also discuss Canada's short of present day practice. For exam- by law. It can be satisfied through any more recent experience with the rule of ple, the idea of rights flowing from the com- enforceable system of rules that regulates mon law of the courts, as opposed to the law, especially as shaped by responses to 2 Thomas Henry Bingham, "The Rule of the global terrorism phenomenon in the constitution, sits uncomfortably in a consti- Law" [The Sixth Sir David Williams Lecture, past decade. tutional monarchy, as exists in Canada. Cambridge, 16 November 2006] in Francis The same is true to an even greater extent Neate, ed, The Rule of Law: Perspectives from Around the Globe (London, United 2. The British Common Law in the United States, a federal constitution- Kingdom: Reed Elsevier as Lexis Nexis, and International Roots of the al republic. Additionally, certain facets of 2009) at 245. 3 Canadian Rule of Law Dicey's definition, such as the strict prohi- Francis Neate, "Introduction: A Brief History of the Development of the Concept The rule of law is the basic principle of the Rule of Law" in Francis Neate, ed, 1 AV Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the The Rule of Law: Perspectives from Around underlying all legal systems. Though the Law of the Constitution (London: Macmillan the Globe (London, United Kingdom: Reed and Co, 1886) at 202-204. Elsevier as Lexis Nexis, 2009) at 6.

36 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade the actions of its members. The problem is rights often clash.7 But the content of the ments of the rule of law: that if the rule of law is reduced to the rule rights granted by the rule of law is exactly [A]n independent, impartial judici- by law, then it would lead to the absurd what distinguishes the principle of the rule ary; the presumption of inno- conclusion that apartheid in South Africa of law from the mere rule by law. It is by cence; the right to a fair and pub- and Aryan supremacy in National Socialist fleshing out the content of the rule of law lic trial without undue delay; a Germany followed the rule of law. Short of that equality is reinforced and arbitrary rational and proportionate ap- preventing anarchy, in the most basic power is limited. This is the challenge that proach to punishment; a strong sense of the word, there is little benefit to faces statespersons, jurists, and the citi- and independent legal profes- such a system. In fact, the risks that such zenry at large in the pursuit of the rule of sion; strict protection of confiden- regimes entailed for large segments of the law. tial communications between population—anyone who did not belong to The challenge is not insurmountable. lawyer and client; equality of all the Afrikaner minority in Apartheid South It simply requires openness and a willing- before the law; these are all fun- Africa and anyone who did not belong to ness to look beyond superficial differenc- damental principles of the Rule of the Aryan master race in National Socialist es. For example, countries that follow the Law. Germany—would have made anarchy civil law, and in particular those that follow preferable. The danger of an exclusively the Romano-Germanic tradition, such as Accordingly, arbitrary arrests; se- "thin" definition of the rule of law is that if it Germany, Russia, and the Ukraine, may cret trials; indefinite detention is reduced beyond a certain point it simply not necessarily use the term "rule of law"; without trial; cruel or degrading ceases to exist, and as John Locke fa- instead, they may use the term "Rech- treatment or punishment; intimi- mously said: "wherever law ends, tyranny tsstaat." Translated literally, Rech- dation or corruption in the elec- begins."4 tsstaat means "'law governs state'... toral process, are all unaccepta- On the other side of the spectrum is [t]he...analogue [to] 'rule of law'...a con- ble. the "thick," or substantive, definition of the cept meaning the predominance (or su- The Rule of Law is the foundation rule of law. This is a "broad concept that in- premacy) of legal standards in the life of a of a civilised society. It establish- cludes democratic principles and ensures civil society and state."8 Conversely, Re- es a transparent process acces- [the] protection of individual and minority chtsstaat implies that the state does not sible and equal to all. It ensures rights."5 While this definition is obviously rule the law, but that the law rules the adherence to principles that both appealing on its face, the problem with the state. liberate and protect. The IBA calls "thick" definition is that "everyone is for it, What is important here though is not upon all countries to respect but has contrasting convictions about what the specific words used, but the principle these fundamental principles.9 6 it is." pursued. Concepts analogous to the rule The elements in the first paragraph of Ultimately, the rule of law must surely of law are found in legal systems through- the IBA resolution provide a strong starting include both formal and substantive as- out the world. And as a result of globaliza- point from which jurists and governments pects; a full understanding of the principle tion we are able to communicate with can work towards a unified principle for the must comprise both the "thin" and "thick" greater frequency and facility than ever rule of law. They also point to the difficult definitions. In this way, the rule of law before, facilitating a process whereby our work ahead. While most of the elements of means that (i) the law governs individuals diverse perspectives on the law can be the IBA resolution are without question and governments, but also that (ii) the con- shared, and the rule of law everywhere "fundamental," they are not similar in tent of the law must meet certain basic can be strengthened. meaning or impact. They reflect a mixture standards by protecting individual and mi- In September of 2005, the Council of of procedural and substantive elements, nority rights. the International Bar Association ("IBA"), and the tension in many domestic con- The challenge of attaining consensus which is representative of 195 bar associa- texts, and increasingly in the international on this second or substantive compo- tions and law societies worldwide, illustrat- context, over the thick and thin concep- nent of the rule of law becomes difficult in ed that global perspective when it passed tions of the rule of law: whether it is prima- the cross-cultural context, where different a resolution describing what had unani- rily procedural in nature or whether it is in- and sometimes contrasting conceptions of mously been agreed upon as the key ele- fused and interlinked with fundamental human rights and even with the concept of 7 Neate, supra note 3 at 7. 4 Thomas Henry Bingham, The Rule of 8 VD Zorkin, President of the Constitutional democratic legitimacy. What the IBA reso- Law (London; New York: Allen Lane, 2010) Court of the Russian Federation, "Rule of lution does provide is a truly global starting 213 at 8. Law and Legal Awareness" in Francis point from which to address the issues sur- 5 Neate, supra note 3 at 6. Neate, ed, The Rule of Law: Perspectives 6 Thomas Henry Bingham, The Rule of from Around the Globe (London, United rounding the rule of law. Law (London; New York: Allen Lane, 2010) Kingdom: Reed Elsevier as Lexis Nexis, 213 at 5. 2009) at 43. 9 Neate, supra note 3 at 8.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 37 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 Canada has grappled with many of Constitution Act, 1867), was an act of it, he borrowed barristers' gowns and en- these issues in its relatively short history, the British Parliament, and could therefore tered the provincial court in order to deliver both in terms of fending off the rule by only be amended with British consent. his class lectures. He saw the case as an law and resisting the temptation to reduce When Canada patriated its constitution in opportunity to put into practice an idea that the rule of law principle to mere definition. 1982 so that it could be amended in Cana- he had been teaching his students for In so doing, Canadians have developed a da, it also took the opportunity to enact a years: that everyone, including political robust rights-based constitutional concep- constitutional Charter of Rights and leaders, are subject to the ordinary law of tion of the rule of law. It is a conception Freedoms. The Charter has had a tre- the land.13 that is rooted in Canada's history and that mendous impact on Canadian law as a Justice Rand's decision in Ron- continues to evolve as the Canadian legal whole and specifically on how the rule of carelli is one of the most famous articula- system develops. law is understood and protected in Cana- tions of the principle of the rule of law in da. This is best shown by first looking at Canadian jurisprudence. He declared that 3.1. The Evolution of the the rule of law in Canada before the Char- the fact that the granting of liquor licenses Rule of Law in Canada ter's arrival. in the province was discretionary did not Canada is a country twice colonized, allow the Premier to interfere and mali- first by the French and then by the English. 3.2. The Rule of Law in ciously deny one to Roncarelli: In 1763, after a period of struggle between Canada Before the Charter of Rights and Freedoms In public regulation of this sort the two powers, Canada became a British there is no such thing as absolute colony and thereby inherited much of its Perhaps the most famous and illustra- and untrammelled 'discretion', constitutional structure from its colonial tive example of a pre-Charter of Rights that is that action can be taken on master. This link between Canada and the and Freedoms case dealing with the any ground or for any reason that United Kingdom is explicitly recognized in rule of law is the Supreme Court of Cana- can be suggested to the mind of the Constitution Act, 1867, which cre- da's landmark decision in Roncarelli v the administrator; no legislative 12 ated the Dominion of Canada out of former Duplessis. Frank Roncarelli, a suc- Act can, without express lan- British colonies. The preamble of that Act cessful restaurant owner in Montreal, used guage, be taken to contemplate notes that these provinces wished to be his personal funds to bail fellow Jehovah's an unlimited arbitrary power ex- united "with a Constitution similar in Princi- Witnesses out of jail. These individuals ercisable for any purpose, how- 10 ple to that of the United Kingdom." With had been imprisoned for distributing pam- ever capricious or irrelevant, re- this short phrase, centuries of British con- phlets critical of the government of Que- gardless of the nature or purpose stitutional law were imported into the new bec and the Catholic Church. The chief of the statute.14 country, including the principle of the rule prosecutor of Montreal, concerned about of law.11 As popularized by Dicey, the prin- the effect of Roncarelli's actions on the The articulation of this principle alone, ciple was integral to the British constitu- campaign against Jehovah's Witnesses, while significant, was not unprecedented tion. Yet the precise means by which this spoke with Premier Maurice Duplessis, in Canadian law. For example, the Upper guiding principle could be applied was not who in turn spoke with the Chairman of the Canada Court of King's Bench in 1830 as- clear, nor was the manner in which it would Quebec Liquor Commission. In December serted that statutory discretion must be ex- interact with the written text of the Cana- 1946, Roncarelli not only found his liquor ercised for "sound," "bona fide," and not dian constitution. license revoked, but was also told that he "arbitrary" reasons. The judges found that While Canada began gaining some was "forever" barred and to warn others the "laws we enjoy extend equal protection independence in the 1840s (for example, that they too would face retribution if they to all," that courts can intervene when dis- the introduction of responsible government contributed to any activity related to the cretion is abused, and that these princi- 15 in several British North American colo- Jehovah's Witnesses' campaign. Ron- ples were "inherent in the constitution." nies), the hallmark of colonial control per- carelli, his restaurant no longer profitable Chief Justice Sir John Beverley Robinson sisted until 1982. Prior to that date, Cana- without a liquor license, was forced to remarked, when discussing public officials, da's main constitutional text, the British close his establishment and sued the Pre- that it "is not their public character alone, North America Act (now known as the mier for damages. 13 Mark D Walters, "Legality as Reason: 10 Constitution Act, 1867 (UK), 30 & 31 Vict, Roncarelli's legal counsel in the case Dicey, Rand, and the Rule of Law" (2010) 55 c 3, preamble, reprinted in RSC 1985, App included F.R. Scott, a law professor and McGill LJ 563 at 565; Sandra Djwa, The II, No 5. Politics of the Imagination: A Life ofF.R. 11 AV Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the constitutional expert at McGill University Scott (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1987) Law of the Constitution (London: Macmillan who had studied Dicey's elucidation of the at 308, 311. & Co, 1908); Mark Carter, “The Rule of Law, rule of law at Oxford. As Scott himself put 14 Roncarelli, supra note 13 at 140. Legal Rights in the Charter and the Su- 15 Phillips v Redpath and McKay (1830), preme Court's New Positivism" (2008) 12 Roncarelli vDuplessis, [1959] SCR 121 at Draper 68 at 72,79,84, 87, (UCKB) Robin- Queen's LJ 453 at 458. 140,16 DLR (2d) 689 [Roncarelli]. son CJ and Macaulay J.

38 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade but their conduct in that character, which law and particularly for the rule of law. The ed a very formalistic, or "thin," definition of constitutes their protection, and that con- preamble to the Charter, which recogniz- the rule of law. The Reference re Mani- duct therefore must be shewn by them to es that Canada "is founded upon the prin- toba Language Rights is a clear ex- be legal whenever it is brought into ques- ciples that recognize the supremacy of ample of this approach. The Manitoba tion in a court of law."16 God and the rule of law," marks the first Act, 1870, the terms by which the prov- The decision in Roncarelli was time that the rule of law was explicitly men- ince of Manitoba joined Confederation, nonetheless novel and significant. It was tioned in a Canadian constitutional enact- specified that acts of the legislature and all the first time the rule of law principle had ment. Moreover, the Charter codified other public documents must be enacted been articulated by the highest court in the many of the rights traditionally considered in both English and French. Yet, as of country. Moreover, the constraints on pub- part of a substantive, or "thick," view of the 1890, the province ceased publication of lic officials imposed by the Court were ex- rule of law. For instance, section 2 of the the French version of acts and public plicitly placed in the context of the rule of Charter recognizes "freedom of con- records. After a series of legal challenges, law, a "fundamental postulate of our con- science and religion," "freedom of thought, the Supreme Court was asked to deter- stitutional structure."17 For the first time, belief, opinion and expression," "freedom mine the legal force of Manitoba's unilin- the Canadian Supreme Court pronounced of peaceful assembly," and "freedom of gual statutes; in effect, were over ninety that the rule of law was a limit on the exer- association."20 Section 7 states that years of Manitoba laws invalid because cise of executive power. "[e]veryone has the right to life, liberty and they had not been enacted in French as The Roncarelli decision stands as a security of the person and the right not to well as English? beacon in the Canadian conception of the be deprived thereof except in accordance The Court declared that the rule of law rule of law. It made explicit the principle with the principles of fundamental jus- has two essential aspects, which were in that the legal, and especially punitive, au- tice."21 Other sections also codify many conflict in this case. First of all, the rule of thority of the state must not be used by traditional elements of the rule of law, in- law means "that the law is supreme over those in power to punish or silence politi- cluding a prohibition against "unreasona- officials of the government as well as pri- cal, religious, or social opponents of the ble search and seizure,"22 "the right not to vate individuals, and thereby preclusive of government.18 This abuse of power by any be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned,"23 the influence of arbitrary power." For this government would also be a violation of the right to habeas corpus,24 and the reason, "this Court must find the unconsti- the Universal Declaration of Human presumption of innocence in criminal pro- tutional laws of Manitoba to be invalid and Rights and the multilateral human rights ceedings.25 In fact, the entire enterprise of of no force and effect."26 Yet the rule of law treaties constituting the International Bill of constitutionalizing rights can be under- also "requires the creation and mainte- Rights.19 stood as an expression of the rule of law: nance of an actual order of positive laws action by governments and legislatures which preserves and embodies the more 2.3. The Rule of Law in must conform to certain basic precepts. general principle of normative order.27 The Canada After the Charter Thus, after the enactment of the invalidation of almost a century of provin- The adoption of the Canadian Charter, the rule of law in Canada could cial laws would depart from that principle Charter of Rights and Freedoms no longer be seen solely as an independ- and leave the province in legal chaos. was a milestone in Canadian constitutional ent, unwritten constitutional principle; it is Recognizing that to strike down the entire closely intertwined with, and must be inter- body of laws in Manitoba immediately 16 Ibid at 75,84,87; Mark D Walters, preted in light of, specified constitutional would itself create a rule of law vacuum, "Legality as Reason: Dicey, Rand, and the Rule of Law" (2010) 55 McGill LJ 563 at rights. the Court arrived at a pragmatic solution. 568. While the Charter codified some el- The Court granted a delayed declaration 17 Roncarelli, supra note 13 at 142. 18 See, for example, the implied bill of rights ements of the rule of law, the principle also of invalidity, allowing the provincial govern- cases: Reference Re Alberta Statutes - The arises in Canada in circumstances apart ment sufficient time to translate, re-enact, Bank Taxation Act; The Credit of Alberta from the Charter. In these instances, print, and publish its laws in French. The Regulation Act; and the Accurante News and Information Act, [1938] SCR 100, [1938] when faced with litigants invoking the rule Supreme Court applied a procedural con- 2 DLR 81; Saumur v Quebec (City), [1953] 2 of law independently of any codified Char- cept of the rule of law here because the SCR 299, [1953] 4 DLR 641; Switzman v ter rights, the Supreme Court has adopt- substance of the laws was not in issue: Elbling, [1957] SCR 285,7 DLR (2d) 337. 19 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 20 Canadian Charter of Rights and Free- only their form. GA Res 217(III), UNGAOR, 3d Sess, Supp doms, s 2, Part I of the Constitution Act, One of the greatest challenges Cana- No 13, UN Doc A/810, (1948) 71; Interna- 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act tional Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter]. da has faced in the past forty years has 19 December 1966,999 UNTS 171, Can TS 21 Ibid, s7. been the rise of the sovereignty movement 1976 No 47,6 ILM 368; International 22 Ibid, s 8. Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural 23 Ibid, s 9. 26 Re Manitoba Language Rights, [1985] 1 Rights, 16 December 1966,993 UNTS 3, 24 Ibid, s 10(c). SCR 721 at para 59,19 DLR (4th) 1. Can TS 1976 No 46,6 ILM 360. 25 Ibid, s 11(d). 27 Ibid at para 60.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 39 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 in the province of Quebec. While sover- tutional principles "may in certain circum- The Canadian Supreme Court's re- eignty was handily defeated in a 1980 pro- stances give rise to substantive legal obli- vised definition of the rule of law that vincial referendum, the population of Que- gations [...] which constitute substantive emerges from the Quebec Secession bec rejected independence in a second, limitations upon government action."28 In Reference therefore comprises four ele- 1995 referendum by only a very narrow the case at bar, the Court found that while ments: first, the same law must govern margin. unilateral secession of a province is not governments and private individuals alike, Both referenda had been conducted permitted under the Canadian constitution, precluding arbitrary power; second, there in the absence of clear ground rules to the interplay of certain unwritten principles must be a body of positive laws; third, pub- govern the process. The provincial gov- (federalism, democracy, respect for minor- lic power can only be exercised where ernment was free to formulate the ballot ities, and constitutionalism and the rule of supported by a legal rule; and fourth, all question as it saw fit. There was no agree- law) require that "considerable weight be government action must be consistent with ment among the parties (provincial and given to a clear expression by the people the Constitution (the principle of constitu- federal) about the numerical margin re- of Quebec of their will to secede from Can- tionalism). quired to achieve success: would an af- ada."29 Such an expression would, again In the aftermath of the Secession firmative vote by "50% plus one" of voters as per the unwritten constitutional princi- Reference, there was debate about the mean that the proposition had been adopt- ples, create an obligation on all parties to circumstances in which these unwritten ed? Or would a more substantial majority Confederation to enter into negotiations, principles, including the rule of law, could be required for success, given the serious which would be governed by those same be invoked and how far Canadian courts nature of the issue. principles.30 By placing equal weight on all would go to protect them. In subsequen More important still, there was a com- four of these unwritten principles, the Court cases, the Supreme Court made it clear plete lack of clarity about the consequenc- recognized that a simple expression of that the rule of law, when invoked as an in- es of an affirmative vote, whatever the majority will is not enough to legitimize a dependent legal principle, cannot override margin. Would separation follow automati- fundamental constitutional change, such written provisions of the constitution and cally, or would a process be required? as the secession of a province. A demo- should be interpreted in a restrictive light. What process, and with what purposes? cratic expression must be balanced against This approach is evident in the Court's The close result in 1995 demonstrated, at the rights of minorities, the rule of law, and, unanimous ruling in British Columbia v least to the Government of Canada, that in the Canadian context, the country's fed- Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd. clarity was needed as to the constitutional eral structure. There, a group of tobacco product manu- legitimacy and manner by which Quebec In its discussion of the rule of law, the facturers sued the government of British could secede from the rest of Canada. The Court expanded slightly on its definition Columbia alleging that its Tobacco government therefore referred three ques- from the Manitoba Language Rights Damages and Health Care Costs tions to the Supreme Court: case, adding "that the exercise of all public Recovery Act was unconstitutional for, 31 1) Under the Canadian Constitu- power must be based on a legal rule." among other reasons, violating the rule of 33 tion, can Quebec unilaterally se- The Supreme Court also defined a sepa- law. The Act allows the British Columbia cede from Canada? rate principle clearly related to the rule of government to sue tobacco product manu- law: constitutionalism. The Court explained facturers to recover medical expenses in- 2) Does international law give that "the constitutionalism principle re- curred by the provincial health care sys- Quebec the right to unilaterally quires that all government action comply tem in treating individuals exposed to secede from Canada? and with the Constitution," while the "rule of those products. The tobacco companies 3) If there is a conflict between law principle requires that all government alleged that the Act violated the rule of law domestic and international law as action must comply with the law, including in that it was retrospective and "establish- to the legality of unilateral seces- the Constitution."32 As such, the principle es a number of evidentiary and procedural sion, which would take prece- of constitutionalism is one component of innovations designed to assist the govern- dence? the wider rule of law. ment's case."34 Justice Major, after quoting the defini- In the Reference re Secession 28 Reference re Secession of Quebec, tion of the rule of law from the Quebec of Quebec decision, the Supreme Court [1998] 2 SCR 217 at para 54,161 DLR (4th) had fresh occasion to consider the rule of 385 [Secession Reference]. Secession Reference, found that the 29 Ibid at paras 84,87. Act does not contravene the rule of law, law in Canada. It found that the rule of law 30 Ibid at paras 88,90. since "none of the principles that the rule (along with constitutionalism) is one of four 31 Ibid at para 71, quoting from Reference fundamental tenets of the Canadian con- re Remuneration of Judges of the Provincial of law embraces speak directly to the Court (PEI), [1997] 3 SCR 3 at para 10,150 stitution. While the written constitution DLR (4th) 577. 33 Tobacco Damages and Health Care must take primacy, these unwritten consti- 32 Secession Reference, supra note 29 at Costs Recovery Act, SBC 2000, c 30. para 72. 34 Carter, supra note 12 at 455.

40 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade terms of legislation."35 This understanding Terrorism and National Anti-Terrorism Act provoked significant of the rule of law, as Mark Carter explains, Security criticism, with commentators alleging vio- "is in fact procedural enough to support al- While it is difficult enough to remain lations of Charter rights and the rule of most any legislative objective, however law.42 To its credit, even in the fevered 36 committed to the rule of law in the best of morally objectionable." The true norma- times, the difficulties increase exponential- post-September 11 atmosphere and de- tive force of the rule of law, as expounded ly in the face of real or perceived threats to spite taking these unprecedented steps, by Justice Major, is as a constraint on ex- the security of a country and its inhabit- the government included a sunset clause ecutive and judicial action. Legislative ac- ants. This is by no means a new phenom- stating that the preventative arrest and in- tions are only limited by the rule of law "in enon, but the challenge of reaching a bal- vestigative hearing provisions of the Anti- the sense that they must comply with leg- ance has been cast into sharp relief since Terrorism Act would expire in 2007 in islated requirements as to manner and the September 11, 2001 attacks in the the absence of further Parliamentary ac- form (i.e., the procedures by which legisla- United States and the start of the "Global tion to extend them. In the result, Parlia- tion is to be enacted, amended and re- ment did not act anew and those provi- 37 War on Terror". pealed)." To paraphrase American Supreme sions expired, but calls to revive them, In Imperial Tobacco, the Court is Court Justice Robert Jackson, a constitu- such as the introduction of Bill S-3 in Octo- clearly concerned to avoid confusion be- tion is not a suicide pact: a country must ber 2007 and of Bill S-7 in June 2011, tween the principle of the rule of law and be able to defend itself against internal demonstrate that the controversy over the content of specific Charter rights. these provisions is by no means at an and external threats in order to preserve 43 Justice Major notes that "many of the re- the very structures that ensure the rule of end. quirements of the rule of law proposed by law.39 But at the same time, too vigorous Interestingly, those provisions were the appellants are simply broader versions never used in the context of combating Al- 38 an attempt to maintain a nation's security of rights contained in the Charter." A can erode to insignificance the rule of law Qaeda. The preventative detention sec- claim invoking the substantive rule of law and the rights enjoyed by its citizens. The tions of the Criminal Code have never must therefore be framed in terms of a Canadian experience with this dichotomy been invoked at all, and the investigative breach of a specific, written constitutional in the past decade has been one of sub- hearing provisions were employed only right. However, the Court implicitly recog- stantial interaction between Parliament, once: in the context of the trial of those al- nizes that the substantive rule of law has the government, and the courts in order to leged to have perpetrated the 1985 Air In- become entrenched in the Canadian con- determine the proper contours of the rule dia bombing. This use of investigative stitution: Canadian litigants have the pro- of law in these circumstances. hearings was challenged, but a majority of tection of the "thick" rule of law through the Supreme Court found no violation of In the aftermath of the September 11, 44 specific Charter provisions. 2001 attacks, the Canadian Parliament the Charter. Justices Iacobucci and Ar- The Supreme Court in the Quebec enacted the Anti-Terrorism Act.40 This bour, writing for the majority, placed Cana- Secession Reference also asserted omnibus Act made significant amend- da's response to the threat of terrorism ex- that there are fundamental principles that ments to a number of federal statutes with all those who govern must adhere to, and 42 See e.g. Kent Roach "Did September 11 the goal of improving Canada's ability to Change Everything? Struggling to Preserve that those principles will become operative combat terrorism. Some of the most con- Canadian Values in the Face of Terrorism" (2002) 47 McGill LJ 893; David M Paciocco, where there are ambiguities or gaps in the tentious provisions amended the Canadi- written constitution or specific legislation "Constitutional Casualties of September 11: an Criminal Code to permit (i) prevent- Limiting the Legacy of the Anti-Terrorism under attack. It is implicit in the judgment ative arrests of individuals before they Act" (2002) 16 SCLR (2d) 185; W Wesley Pue, "The War on Terror: Constitutional that the unwritten principles of the Cana- commit terrorist acts, and (ii) investigative dian Constitution prohibit the use of raw Governance in a State of Permanent hearings requiring individuals believed to Warfare?" (2003) 41 Osgoode Hall LJ 267. 43 legislative or punitive powers to trample on have information related to a terrorist of- Bill S-3, An Act to amend the Criminal the democratic or human rights of individu- Code (investigative hearing and recogni- fence to answer questions before a zance with conditions), 2nd Sess, 39th Parl, als and minority groups in society. judge.41 2008 (passed first reading in the House of Commons on 7 March 2008, after having 3.4. Recent Challenges to the These and other provisions in the being passed by the Senate, when Parlia- Rule of Law in Canada: 39 Terminiello v City of Chicago, 337 US 1 ment was dissolved for the 2008 Canadian at 36 (1949) (Justice Jackson, in dissent). federal election); Bill S-7, An Act to amend 40 Bill C-36, An Act to amend the Criminal the Criminal Code, the Canada Evidence 35 British Columbia v Imperial Tobacco Code, the Official Secrets Act, the Canada Act and the Security of Information Act, 1st Canada Ltd, 2005 SCC 49 at para 59, Evidence Act, the Proceeds of Crime Sess, 41st Parl, 2011 (passed by the Senate [2005] 2 SCR 473 [Imperial Tobacco]. (Money Laundering) Act and other Acts, and and passed second reading in the House of 36 Carter, supra note 12 at 465. to enact measures respecting the registra- Commons, as of October 19, 2012). 37 Imperial Tobacco, supra note 36 at para tion of charities in order to combat terrorism, 44 Application under s. 83.28 of the Criminal 60. 1st Sess, 37th Parl, 2001. Code (Re), 2004 SCC 42, [2004] 2 SCR 38 Ibid at para 65. 41 Ibid, cl 4, ss 83.28, 83.3. 248.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 41 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 plicitly within the context of the tension curity.48 A certificate is to be reviewed and clear from this decision that the provisions between security and the rule of law: "[al- signed by both the Minister of Public Safe- of the Charter are now serving as the though terrorism necessarily changes the ty and the Minister of Citizenship and Im- source of what could be called the "sub- context in which the rule of law must oper- migration when a non-citizen is deemed stantive" content of the rule of law in Can- ate, it does not call for the abdication of inadmissible to Canada on one of the ada. law."45 The Justices remarked that: grounds noted above. The signed certifi- In response to this ruling, Parliament The challenge for a democratic cate is then referred to the Federal Court amended the security certificate regime. state's answer to terrorism calls where a judge reviews the evidence Provision was made for special advocates for a balancing of what is required against the individual. The evidence at is- who would be appointed by the court to for an effective response to ter- sue is often classified and is not released participate in security certificate hearings rorism in a way that appropriately publically, or even to the person named in to protect the interests of named person. recognizes the fundamental val- the certificate. If the judge finds the certifi- However, these special advocates are not ues of the rule of law. In a democ- cate reasonable, it becomes a removal or- in a solicitor-client relationship with the racy, not every response is avail- der and the government may begin the named individuals and, after having re- able to meet the challenge of process of deporting the named individu- viewed the confidential information, may terrorism. At first blush, this may al. not communicate with anyone about the appear to be a disadvantage, but This process strikes at the heart of the proceedings except where authorized by 51 in reality, it is not. A response to difficulty of balancing Charter rights and the judge. terrorism within the rule of law the rule of law more generally with national It is not only legislative provisions that preserves and enhances the security threats, and has been subject to have given rise to questions about the 49 cherished liberties that are es- significant criticism. proper balance between the rule of law sential to democracy.46 The Supreme Court had occasion to and security in Canada; the government of consider the constitutionality of the securi- Canada's actions in fighting the "War on While the balance between the rule of ty certificate regime in Charkaoui v Terror" and its commitment to cooperating law and security was discussed in the ab- Canada (Citizenship and Immigra- with its allies to do so, have in some cir- stract, the Court did not analyse the princi- tion) and unanimously found that it violat- cumstances undermined its rule of law ob- ple in any detail, nor explicitly apply the ed sections 9 (the right against arbitrary ligations towards its citizens. rule of law to the provisions at issue: its detention or imprisonment) and 10(c) (the An example is the case of Omar reasons were confined to the Charter, ju- right to have the validity of detention deter- Khadr, a Canadian citizen captured at the dicial independence, retrospectivity, and mined by means of habeas corpus) of the age of 15 in Afghanistan during combat the independence of Crown counsel. Ulti- Charter. However, the court rejected ar- and detained by American authorities in mately, the Court found that the provisions guments that the security certificate proc- the Guantanamo Bay detention camp for a were not unconstitutional, as the informa- ess infringed upon the rule of law. Neither decade. Notably both the Canadian and tion gained through an investigative hear- the inability to appeal the reasonableness American Supreme Courts have exten- ing could not be used against the witness of the certificate, nor the automatic deten- sively recognized the violations of human except in perjury prosecutions. tion of foreign nationals and detention of rights at the detention camp in cases such In response to the events of 9/11, the permanent residents on the basis of an ex- as Canada (Justice) v Khadr (2008),52 Canadian government also breathed new ecutive decision offend the rule of law. Canada (Prime Minister) v Khadr life into existing measures as part of its ef- The Court, echoing its reasoning in (2010),53 Rasul v Bush,54 and Ham- forts to combat terrorism. The most contro- Imperial Tobacco, found that "[t]he dan v Rumsfeld.55 Representatives of versial of these was the use of security constitutional protections surrounding ar- the Canadian Security Intelligence Service certificates, issued under the Immigra- rest and detention are set out in the Char- ("CSIS") as well as the Canadian Depart- tion and Refugee Protection Act, ter, and it is hard to see what the rule of ment of Foreign Affairs and International against non-citizens suspected of terrorist law could add to these provisions."50 It is 47 activities. The process for issuing secu- 51 Bill C-3, An Act to amend the Immigration rity certificates has been in place since 48 Public Safety Canada, "Security Certifi- and Refugee Protection Act (certificate and 1978 to remove non-citizens from Canada cates" (2012), online: Public Safety Canada special advocate) and to make a conse- . quential amendment to another Act, 2nd for human rights violations, membership in 49 See e.g. Jonathan M. Coady, "Condition- Sess, 39th Parl, 2008. organized crime, or threats to national se- al Release of Terror Suspects in Canada: 52 Canada (Justice) v Khadr, 2008 SCC 28, Lessons from the United Kingdom" (2010) [2008] 2 SCR 125. 36 Queen's LJ 251 ; David Matas, "Inadmis- 53 Canada (Prime Minister) v Khadr, 2010 45 Ibid at para 6. sibility Certificates" (2011) 98 ImmLR (3d) SCC 3, [2010] 1 SCR 44 [Khadr 2010]. 46 Ibid at para 7. 50 Charkaoui v Canada (Citizenship and 54 Rasul v Bush, 542 US 466 (2004). 47 Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, Immigration), 2007 SCC 9 at para 137, 55 Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 US 557 SC 2001, c 27, s 77. [2007] 1 SCR 350. (2006).

42 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade Trade traveled to Guantanamo Bay to in- The true extent of the involvement of of law should be. terrogate Khadr. CSIS in particular was Canadian officials in Arar's deportation is Our Supreme Court has in fact inter- criticized for its actions, with the Security still debated. preted citizens' rights in the Charter as, Intelligence Review Committee finding the It is becoming clear that the test of a in effect, substantive notions of the rule of agency "failed to give full consideration to nation's true commitment to the rule of law law. This trend is especially marked in the Khadr's possible mistreatment by US au- occurs when there is a real or perceived Court's interpretation of section 7, which thorities before deciding to interact with threat to the security or vital interests of provides that "[e]veryone has the right to them" and "failed to take into account that the state. While there has been trenchant life, liberty and security of the person and while in US custody, Khadr had been de- criticism of Canada's withdrawal from the the right not to be deprived thereof except nied certain basic rights which would have most rigorous application of the rule of law in accordance with the principles of funda- been afforded to him as a youth."56 The with regards to perceived threats to nation- mental justice."59 Supreme Court of Canada also found that al security from terrorist acts, the courts in The Supreme Court's most recent the government of Canada had violated Canada have insisted that there are limits major section 7 case, Canada (Attor- Khadr's constitutional rights through its to how far the Canadian government can ney General) v PHS Community participation in his interrogation.57 go in loosening the traditional foundations Services Society,60 involved a super- Despite many calls for Khadr's return of the rule of law. These include the abso- vised drug injection facility operating in the to Canada, the Canadian government con- lute prohibition on complicity in torture by Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, an area tinually resisted these efforts. It was not government officials, the need to maintain known for its extremely high incidence of until September 29, 2012, with Khadr hav- critical aspects of the open court system poverty, drug use, and crime. Looking for ing spent more than a third of his life at and the right of full answer and defense in creative solutions to the area's woes, lo- Guantanamo Bay, that he was repatriated criminal trials. cal, provincial, and federal authorities co- to serve the remainder of his sentence in operated with community groups to open Canada. 4. Giving substantive content the Insite facility in 2003. There, drug us- Another person who suffered from to the rule of law in Canada ers are provided with clean injection equip- Canada's post-September 11th emphasis through the interpretation of ment and medical professionals are onsite on counter-terrorism was Maher Arar. A the Charter by the Supreme to intervene in the event of an overdose. dual Canadian and Syrian citizen, Arar Court of Canada The facility can only legally operate if pro- was suspected by Canadian and American While a cursory examination of Cana- vided with a medical and scientific exemp- authorities of being a member of Al Qae- da's actions in the "War on Terror" and the tion by the federal Minister of Health from da. On his way home to Canada after a va- reluctance of Canadian courts to adopt a the blanket prohibition on the possession cation in Tunis, he was detained in the substantive (or "thick") understanding of of illegal drugs in the Controlled Drugs United States and then deported to Syria. the rule of law might suggest that the rule and Substances Act.61 While this ex- There, he was detained for almost a year of law has little normative force in Canada, emption was provided by the federal Min- and was tortured at the hands of Syrian of- this is not the case. The decisions of the ister of Health when Insite first opened its ficials. Justice O'Connor, who led the Ca- Supreme Court of Canada interpreting the doors, the exemption was not renewed in nadian Commission of Inquiry into the Ac- Charter offer governments in Canada, 2008, by which time a federal government tions of Canadian Officials in Relation to and indeed around the world, guidance as of a different political stripe had been elect- Maher Arar, concluded that there was no to what the substantive content of the rule ed. The Court found that while the Minister evidence that Arar had any links to terrorist (Ottawa: Publishing and Depository of Health has the discretion whether or not activities or that he was a risk to Canadian Services, Public Works and Government to provide an exemption under the Act, this Services Canada, 2006), online: Security security. Justice O'Connor also found that Intelligence Review Committee . in the bounds of the law. provided American authorities with incor- One of the recommendations of Justice In PHS Community Services, a O'Connor was to institute an inquiry into the rect information about Arar which the U.S. detention of Abdullah Almalki, Muayyed unanimous Supreme Court considered relied upon to detain him.58 Nureddin, and Ahmad El Maati in Syria. three principles of fundamental justice in Former Supreme Court Justice Frank its section 7 analysis: arbitrariness, gross 56 Canada, Security Intelligence Review Iacobucci was appointed to lead the inquiry Committee, CSIS's Role In The Matter Of and he concluded that the actions of the disproportionality, and overbreadth. It Omar Khadr, 2008, online: Security Canadian Royal Canadian Mounted Police Intelligence Review Committee . indirectly lead to the torture of these three 60 Canada (Attorney General) v PHS 57 Khadr 2010, supra note 54 at para 25. men. See "Federal officials contributed Community Services Society, 2011 SCC 44 58 Canada, Commission of Inquiry into the indirectly to torture of Canadians: report" at para 132, [2011] 3 SCR 134 [PHS Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to CBC News (21 October 2008), online: CBC Community Services]. Maher Arar, Report of the Events Relating to News . SC 1996, c 19, s 56.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 43 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 found that the Minister's decision not to re- tal justice."66 In effect, the legislative provi- ration, stating "the rule of law without hu- new Insite's exemption ran afoul of all sion in question would have imprisoned an man rights is only an empty shell". At the three principles. individual who may not have known that same time, "the rule of law constitutes the Asking that a law or executive deci- he or she was violating the law. In defining backbone for the legal protection of hu- sion conform to these principles is in fact the principles of fundamental justice, Jus- man rights."69 She urged states to take asking that it comport with a substantive tice Lamer explained that such principles ownership of these rule of law principles, notion of the rule of law. A consideration of are "recognized as essential elements of a and to strengthen the rule of law based on these principles demands that courts in- system for the administration of justice international human rights law. She urged all nations to ratify the main human rights quire into the object of an impugned law or which is founded upon a belief in 'the dig- treaties while withdrawing reservations government action and then determine if nity and worth of the human person' (pre- that undermine the strength of their com- the content of the law or substance of the amble to the Canadian Bill of Rights, mitments to the rule of law and human action bears a sufficient relationship to this RSC 1970, App III) and on 'the rule of law' rights contained in those instruments. object. To demand that a law not be arbi- (preamble to the Canadian Charter of Following the High Level Meeting, 67 trary involves asking whether the provision Rights and Freedoms)." The result several countries at the Sixth Committee is necessary or consistent with the state is to give the rule of law a more defined of the UN General Assembly, including the objective (the jurisprudence on the proper and precise application than any unwritten Ukraine, pledged to strengthen the rule of standard is not yet settled).62 Gross dispro- principle could assume. law domestically and internationally. In the portionality occurs where a "state actions Thus, when the rule of law is invoked case of the Ukraine, this included commit- or legislative responses to a problem [...] as an independent principle outside of the ments to public administration reform, judi- are so extreme as to be disproportionate Charter context, the Canadian Supreme cial reform, anti-corruption initiatives, and to any legitimate government interest."63 Court has endorsed a "thin," procedural criminal justice reform.70 Finally, a law or state action will be over- understanding of the concept. However, in In Canada, judgments of our highest broad where the means chosen are not determining the content of Charter rights, court have helped ensure the evolution of necessary to achieve the state's objec- the Court has given effect to much of the the rule of law in full conformity with the tive.64 "thick," substantive understanding of the declaration. From the landmark pre- This close relationship between sec- rule of law. Charter decision in Roncarelli, to post-Charter decisions in PHS Com- tion 7 and the rule of law is not a recent munity Services and Motor Vehicle evolution: it can be traced back to one of Conclusion: The Rule of Law Act, judgments of the Supreme Court of the earliest cases interpreting section 7, in Canada Affirms the Evolving Global Approach Canada have aligned our constitution's in- the Reference re Section 94(2) of terpretation with basic human rights. Like 65 the Motor Vehicle Act. The im- On September 24, 2012, in the first many other countries, however, Canada pugned section of British Columbia's Mo- meeting of its kind, world leaders, repre- has at times struggled to live up to its com- tor Vehicle Act in that case provided sentatives from around the globe (includ- mitment to the rule of law, with its response that an individual who drove without a valid ing delegates from the Ukraine), ministers to terrorism a leading example. driver's licence or with a suspended li- of justice, prosecutors, UN officials, and Those of us involved in the process cence faced mandatory imprisonment. members of civil society convened at the should take advantage of international Moreover, this was an absolute liability of- United Nations in New York for the Gener- conferences like this one not only to share fence: for a conviction, the Crown needed al Assembly's High Level Meeting on the our comparative experience with the rule Rule of Law. The delegates adopted a dec- only establish proof of driving, whether or of law, but also to encourage respect for laration affirming that the rule of law, hu- not the driver knew of the prohibition or the principle throughout the world, to urge man rights, and democracy are interlinked suspension. Justice Lamer, as he then implementation of the UN declaration so and mutually reinforcing of the core values recently made, and to assert the funda- was, in his majority decision, found that of the UN.68 "[a] law that has the potential to convict a mental importance of the rule of law to the The UN High Commissioner for Hu- protection of human rights everywhere. person who has not really done anything man Rights gave her support for the decla- wrong offends the principles of fundamen- 69 Ibid. 66 Ibid at para 2. 70 See Oleksandr Pavlichenko, "Statement 67 Ibid at para 30. by Mr. Oleksandr Pavlichenko, Counsellor, 62 PHS Community Services, supra note 61 68 See the website of the UN High Commis- Legal Adviser, Permanent Mission of the at para 132. sioner for Human Rights website for the Ukraine to the United Nations, on Agenda 63 Ibid at para 133. description of the outcome of the High Level item 83, "The Rule of Law at the national 64 R v Heywood, [1994] 3 SCR 761 at para Meeting on the Rule of Law at Office of the and international levels" at the Sixth 51; R v Demers, 2004 SCC 46 at para 39, High Commissioner for Human Rights, "Rule Committee, 67th session of the UN General [2004] 2 SCR 489. of law without human rights is an empty Assembly," (10 October 2012), online: 65 Reference re s 94(2) of Motor Vehicle Act shell" (5 October 2012) online: OHCHR United Nations . ukraine-englishagendaitem8 3 .pdf>

44 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

"I Fear the Day that Technology Will Surpass Human Interaction"

by Paul Robert MAGOCSI John Jaremko Chair of Ukrainian Studies, University of Toronto

I am coming to you as someone forced to leave their workplaces – creativity. Far too often, however, who is of advanced age, or, as the like factory workers – at five or six fellow scholars and teachers who French so graciously say, de o’clock each day and are barred accept positions as deans, faculty troisième âge. With age, so they from their university desks or labo- chairmen, or heads of institutes say, comes experience and, hope- ratories on weekends and during soon take on themselves the per- fully, wisdom. I am also coming to long holidays, when creative schol- sonalities of administrators – you as someone who is an aca- ars are expected to be “at work” for guardians and enforcers of regula- demic. It is in this context that I a fixed number of hours each week tions set by bureaucrats in wish to share a few observations – these are examples of the bu- governmental bodies who have lit- about the academic and civic world reaucratic mindset at work. I re- tle appreciation for the often non- in which we all function in these member my disbelief when I quantifiable nature of the scholarly early decades of the twenty-first learned from academic colleagues world. century. My observations will be that they needed to calculate – in It would seem to me that the limited to three topics about which the manner of elementary school primary function of university ad- we all should be concerned. These children – how many times their ministrators is not to enforce by are what I would call (1) the bu- name was cited in publications by rote bureaucratic regulations. reaucratic mindset; (2) the chal- other scholars. It makes no differ- Rather, they should be concerned lenges of modern technology; and ence what is the relevance of a with devising mechanisms that re- (3) commitment to the world’s mul- given scholar’s work, or the quality spond to the needs of bureaucrat- ticultural reality. of the study in which it is cited. All ically-minded state funding agen- It only requires a cursory glance that seems to matter is that a cita- cies without forcing creative at history for one to realize that tion exists and can be counted. scholars to be burdened with an in- governments come and go, but bu- And from where do such regula- creasing number of mind-dumbing reaucracies remain. Even when a tions come? Inevitably they come regulations. One should always state disappears, it is not uncom- from a bureaucrat who is likely to keep in mind the words of the clas- mon for bureaucrats from a previ- have little understanding of the in- sical Greek philosopher: he who is ous regime to remain and be em- tellectually creative process, but most intelligent is he who has most ployed – because they are needed who feels obliged to quantify some- free time. Therefore, the main task – by the new state. In general, bu- how that process so that it can be of university administrators should reaucrats are constrained by regu- made part of a universal regulatory not be to function as bureaucrats lations they are expected to follow mechanism. and to create endless committees in order to uphold what all states If the mindset of bureaucrats is whose work contributes little, if hold most dear – social order. The bad enough, perhaps even worse anything, to the intellectual and all-embracing need to follow and to is the tendency of academics to pedagogical process, but rather to enforce regulations – and this in- adopt that mindset when they are enhance the work environment of cludes collecting and dispensing called on to become themselves the university’s greatest resource tax money – is what I have in mind administrators in the universities – its intellectually creative faculty. when speaking about the bureau- they serve. More often than not, My second area of concern is cratic mindset. one’s former academic colleague that of modern technology. Per- One of the greatest impedi- becomes one’s bureaucratically sons of my generation experienced ments to the proper functioning of minded administrator-adversary. an educational formation that is the academic world is precisely the To be sure, there are adminis- based on some basic common ex- bureaucratic mindset. When librar- trators, in particular at the level of periences. Many of us used to con- ies are not open seven days a presidents and rectors, who do in- ceptualize, create, and communi- week, when university faculty are deed maintain a vision of the uni- cate in terms of the written and versity as a place of intellectual printed page; now we conceptual-

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 45 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 ize, create, and communicate di- nology will surpass our human in- says by professors and mentors of rectly, or through surrogates, by teraction. The world will have a students are often not much better. electronic means. We have all be- generation of idiots.” The result is that many of today’s come beholden to the all-powerful Of course, the computer with scholarly journals are filled with ar- great god, the computer, with its all its present and yet-to-be discov- ticles based primarily on second- lesser gods: the cell phone, i- ered communication tools is here ary literature produced in the past phone, blackberry, together with to stay. I am concerned, however, ten years, which at times propose variegated forms a communication by the degree to which academics ideas or announce “discoveries” and information access – all, I consciously or unconsciously con- that actually have been known to might add, with infantile English- tribute to our overall dependence scholars for decades. language names like google, tweet, on computer-based communica- The present generation of ac- facebook, etc. tion and thereby encourage their tive university professors in the These modern gadgets were students to reject the past. What I humanities should pass on to their allegedly designed to simplify one’s have in mind is: (1) the increasing students a greater respect for the existence. But do they really help lack of awareness of the extensive accumulative body of past knowl- to make our lives easier? I believe body of knowledge produced by edge that has not been – nor likely it could be argued that these tech- generations of our scholarly prede- is ever to be – digitalized. In other nological tools have achieved just cessors; and (2) the tendency to words, the time has come to liber- the opposite: they have made each destroy the present so that it never ate ourselves and our students of our existences more difficult. For becomes the past. By way of illus- from the seemingly all powerful but example, I hear the same com- tration, let me focus on disciplines intellectually limited computer. plaint over and over again from ac- in the arts and humanities, since What do I mean by the second ademic colleagues: the first thing advances in the natural and medi- point: the tendency to destroy the they do when they arrive at the of- cal sciences are less likely to de- present so that it never becomes fice to begin the work day – and pend on scientific achievements the past? Remember when those the office in question today is de- from the distant past. of us studied, let us say cultural or termined by the location of one’s Alas, students – and far too of- political history, and how we rev- computer – the first thing they do is ten professional scholars—begin eled in reading the published and spend at least one hour, perhaps their humanistic inquiry about any unpublished correspondance of lit- two or more, going through their e- given topic not by going to a pub- erary figures, intellectuals, and po- mail communications, ninety per- lished and often vetted encyclope- litical and civic figures? It was cent or more of which are classifi- dia or a specialized bibliography, through such sources that we were able as garbage. What a waste of but rather by reading on-line a able to understand better the what should be otherwise “free” Wikipedia entry or by googling a thought processes behind literary creative time so invaluable, as our specific individual or event. These and artistic creativity or the motiva- Greek philosopher said, to the cre- sources – as intellectually ques- tions behind political and civic acts. ative intellectual. tionable as they are – have taken Today, because most correspon- I do not wish to convey the im- on an aura of authority, especially dance is transmitted via the Inter- pression that I am simply an anti- for the present generation of stu- net, we are creating a world with- quated and irrelevant Luddite who dents who have no awareness of a out a past. is about to waste your time with a world without computerized knowl- Professors, too, encourage prophetically misplaced Jeremiad edge that is instantly accessible. students to communicate with them against modern technology. Nor The tyranny of computer-gen- and with others only via e-mail. It is am I about to criticize the tendency erated knowledge is particularly entirely possible that from these of the vast majority of young peo- evident in the field of history, a dis- same students may come some ple to communicate with each oth- cipline with which I have some fa- day a great poet, or painter, or his- er through their cell phones, even miliarity. Today, most of the refer- torian, yet we will never know – and if they are sitting in the same room ences found in student essays are even they themselves will not be or same table. I will leave the com- only to secondary literature that is able to remember – what motivat- mentary on that phenomenon to in electronic form. This means that ed them in their creative work. The someone more qualified than I, sources recorded and made ac- world of virtual electronic commu- specifically Albert Einstein, who cessible via old fashioned bibliog- nication is a world without a past. lamented: “I fear the day that tech- raphies are hardly ever cited. Es- Should we, as professors and in-

46 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade tellectual mentors, be encouraging more than one state. Hence, each an, Carpatho-Rusyn, and other in our students to perpetuate such individual was a European, belong- cultural heritages. Aspects of these a state of affairs? ing – should he or she wish – to a cultures created in the past in My third and last observation specific nationality or people, Ukrainian lands are part of what it deals with what I have referred to whose citizenship in a particular means to be Ukrainian. at the every outset as a commit- state was a secondary attribute. It is in this sense that universi- ment to the world’s multicultural re- Let us take as an example one ties can and should represent the ality. Until now I have been speak- of Ukraine’s smallest neighbors, best face of Ukraine as a demo- ing in relatively general terms about Slovakia. To my mind, independent cratic country which will be worthy the challenges posed by bureau- Slovakia began as a model of the not only to take a place but also to cracies and modern technology to Herderian ideal. When, for in- contribute to the further under- the academic environment in uni- stance, in 2005 Slovakia entered standing and enhancement of Eu- versities wherever they may be lo- the European Union, it was head- rope’s multicultural reality. cated throughout the world. The ed by a president of Carpathian In closing, may I speak to you following comments will, in part, German heritage, a prime minister and what you are: privileged young refer more specifically to develop- of ethnic Slovak and Carpatho- people who are likely to become ments in Ukraine and, for that mat- Rusyn heritage, and a vice-prime civic and political leaders in your ter, many other European coun- minister of Hungarian heritage. All country and who will represent tries as well. were Europeans belonging to the Ukraine to the world. Beware, in May I begin by declaring that I continent’s different peoples at the the future, of becoming a classic consider myself an intellectual and same time that they were citizens bureaucrat and certainly do not op- spiritual child of the late eighteenth- of Slovakia. Like other citizens, erate with the Soviet bureaucratic century German philosopher, Jo- they had multiple identities: as Eu- mindset still prevalent in your coun- hann Gottfried von Herder. Herder ropeans; as ethnic Slovaks, Mag- try. Beware of allowing modern is best remembered for his views yars, or Carpatho-Rusyns; and as technology to dominate your lives. – or should we more properly say Slovakian citizens. Each of these And, finally, be proud of the multi- convictions – regarding the various multiple identities is compatible cultural nature of your country as it ethnolinguistic groups or peoples and, most importantly, each of the works toward finding its rightful that inhabit our world. Herder be- ethnocultural or nationality identi- place among all the other multicul- lieved that each people, regardless ties is, according to the Herderian tural countries of Europe. of numerical size or political status, principle, equal. has its own intrinsic cultural value. The model of civic society prac- Therefore, all peoples are equal, ticed by Slovakia when it entered whether they may or may not have the European Union is worthy of their “own state” which carries their praise and respect. It is a model name. As a child of Herder, I have which Ukraine should follow as it always been uncomfortable with strives to be associated with – and classifications, such as titular na- eventually become a full member tionalities and national minorities, of – the European Union. since to my mind there are only In this regard, universities have peoples, each one equal to the a special role to play in the intellec- other, regardless of what labels tual formation of Ukraine’s stu- modern-day states and ideologues dents, many of whom are likely to may give to them. become the country’s future gov- At the end of the disastrous ernment and civic leaders. All uni- twentieth century, at least on this versities should provide courses in continent, the European Union her- history, literature, ethnography, alded not only the hope but the and the arts that include informa- practical reality that the abolition of tion not only about ethnic Ukraini- borders would make state bound- ans but about all Ukrainians; that aries less important than the is, those of Russian, Polish, Jew- boundaries of ethnocultural com- ish, Crimean Tatar, Romanian, Bul- munities, many of which live within garian, German, Czech, Hungari- Anna Urukova, CUPP 2014 Intern.

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 47 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

Наша Мова

by Ihor BARDYN Director Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program

по 18 жовтня 2013 р. в Оттаві, хідних заходів, що були б спря- провінція Онтаріо, Канада. Сто мовані на привернення уваги п’ятнадцять випускників про- громадськости до «Харківської грами КУПП, інтерни, які про- ортографії», яка відома в ук- «Харківський правопис» був ходили стажування у рамках раїнській мові як «Харківський перлиною епохи Українського КУПП 2013 р., а також запро- правопис", її історії та правил, Відродження періоду 1920-их шені експерти та гості зустріли- а також особливо спрямувати рр. Він був і має залишатися ся на триденний семінар в Уря- зусилля на навчання школярів символом українського духу та довому конференційному цен- і студентів усіх дисциплін, і народнього прагнення до того, трі, що знаходиться навпроти ми надалі закликаємо до того, щоб послуговуватися рідною мо- Парляменту Канади. Семінар щоб «Харківський правопис» вою. «Харківська ортографія» став кульмінацією чотирьох по- був визнаний єдиним правиль- (також знана як «Харківський передніх конференцій, зоргані- ним, та таким, що ґрунтуєть- правопис») була детально обго- зованих КУПП, які відбулися у ся на щирій українській мові, ворена та схвалена найвідомі- 2010 р. у Вашінґтоні, США (Шко- якою говорить український на- шими мовознавцями того часу. ла Елліотт з міжнародніх від- род, а також як такий, що був Серед укладачів «Харківського носин Університету Джорджа схвалений демократичним правопису» – найбільш знані Вашінґтона) та в Оттаві, Канада шляхом представниками усіх есперти Агатангел Кримський, (Університет Оттави), у 2011 р. українських земель у 1927 р. в Леонід Булаховський, Олена в Оксфорді, Великобрітанія (Ко- Харкові, і ми надалі висловлю- Курило, Олекса Синявський, ледж Св. Антонія і Новий Ко- ємо надію на досягнення націо- Євген Тимченко, Микола Грунс- ледж Оксфордського універси- нального консенсусу щодо інте- ський, Всеволод Ганцов, Григо- тету), а також у Києві, Україна ґрації норм «Харківського пра- рій Голоскевич, Борис Ткачен- в 2012 р. (Національний універ- вопису» до застосування сучас- ко. Правопис було прийнято ситет «Києво - Могилянська ною українською мовою. 1927 р. демократичним голосу- Академія»). ванням на Всеукраїнській пра- Серед резолюцій та рекомен- вописній конференції у Харко- дацій, які було запропоновано ві, де були присутні представ- внести до висновків семінару ники всіх українських земель із «Модель Україна. Біла Книга» і різних держав. Завданням адресувати Парляменту Украї- «Харківської ортографії» було ни та української діяспорі, було не лише впорядкування право- обрано наступні: пису, а також такі питання нор- Ми, учасники семінару «Мо- малізації української мови, як- дель Україна. Біла Книга», що от: закінчення відмінних слів, відбувся в Оттаві, з великим правопис іноземних слів, влас- жалем вбачаємо деґрадацію ук- ні назви. Все це було провідни- раїнської мови, що була спри- ми та неподільними характе- чинена політикою радянського ристиками української мови. режиму Йосипа Сталіна, та Питання «Харківського пра- занепад, який триває і донині, вопису» було порушено на семі- та щиро переконані у нагаль- нарі «Модель Україна. Біла ній потребі відновлення націо- Книга», організованому Канад- нальної мови у її первісному ви- сько-Українською Парлямен- гляді, тому ми закликаємо тарною Програмою (КУПП) з 16 український уряд у найкорот- Oleksii Kovalenko, ший термін вжити усіх необ- CUPP 2014 Intern. 48 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1 CUPP in Third Decade

До Основ

Ярослав РОЗУМНИЙ Українська Вільна Академія Наук у Канаді Re-published with permission of Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in Canada

„Харкiвський” правопис, прий- даємо тут тих (зрештою дуже цінности, намагалася послідов- нятий і ухвалений до вжитку незначих) змін, що були внесені но й докорінно послабити укра- Всеукраїнською Правописною в цей правопис Комісією під їнську націю. Конференцiєю 1928 р., був ви- проводом проф. Ів. Зілинського Все це почалося після вклю- слідом праці вчених „централь- у Кракові і що були прийняті в чення частини України до но- них, схiднiх та захiднiх україн- „Правописному словнику” за воствореного Союзу Совєтських ських земель” та був прийнятий, редакцією Олександра Паней- Соціялістичних Республік як зазначує Ю. Шерех1, „усiма ка (Видання друге, Львів – (СССР)6, точніше, в часі ґено- українськими землями”. Його 1941). Ці зміни законодавчо цидних погромів голодомором зредаґував „один з найвидатнi- стверджені свого часу тільки мільйонів сільського українсь- ших i найавторитетнiших укра- для українців штучно утворе- кого населення та арештами, їнських мовознавцiв – Олекса ного „Генерал-Губернаторства”, розстрілами й засланнями на Синявський”, за що заплатив ніколи не були прийняті ні на територію Росії української по- свободою2. На його основі був схід, ні на захід від кордонів літичної й культурної еліти. складений Правописний слов- „Генерал-Губернаторства”. Те- Частиною цієї ліквідації стала ник Григорія Голоскевича3, пер, коли „Генерал-Губернатор- українська мова, яку треба було який широко вживається в діяс- ство” стало анахронізмом, нема позбавити її національних пи- порі. „Можна думати, – додає жадних підстав плекати й ці томенностей та закономірнос- Шерех, – що деякі правила цьо- льокально-запроваджені зміни, тей фонемної структури, яка го правопису потребували б пе- – назалежно від того, як розці- надає цій мові ритмічного зву- регляду й зміни, але в теперіш- нювати їх з наукового або педа- чання, підсилює її емоційність, ніх умовах уважаємо будь-які гогічного погляду. Остаточне милозвучність і виразність. зміни правопису за шкідниві й прийняття чи вiдкинення цих Іншими словами, ці власти- недоцільні”4. І, „Виходячи з цьо- змiн – як i можливих iнших, – вості української мови треба бу- го, – продовжує Шерех, – не по- може, на погляд Шереха, нале- ло підпорядкувати, як висло- жати компетенцiї тiльки май- вився Максим Рильський, „гро- 1 Þð³é Øåðåõ, Ãîëîâí³ ïðàâèëà óêðà¿íñü- êîãî ïðàâîïèñó, Â-âî ”Ïðîìåòåé”, 1946, 61 бутньої Всеукраїнської Право- моносному” звучанню російської ñòîð. писної Конференцiї, вiльної в мови7. Засобами залякування, 2 Î. Ñèíÿâñüêèé áóâ àðåøòîâàíèé 1934 ð. 5 â ÷àñ³ ñîâºòñüêèõ ãåíîöèäíèõ ïîãðîì³â своїх дискусiях i ухвалах” . 6 Ó öüîìó çá³ðíèêó âæèâàºìî òåðì³íó ñî- óêðà¿íñüêî¿ êóëüòóðíî¿ ³íòåë³´åíö³¿ é çàãè- Щодо вживання великих лі- âºòñüêèé, à íå ðàäÿíñüêèé, ùîá çáåðåãòè íóâ íà çàñëàííi 1937 ð. Åíöèêëîïåäiÿ Óêðà¿- тер, про що в „Харківському” ïîë³òè÷íèé, à íå ìîâíèé ñåíñ òîãî ñëîâà. íîçíàâñòâà. Ñëîâíèêîâà ÷àñòèíà 8, Òåðì³í „ñîâºòñüêèé” º ðîñ³éñüêîãî ïîõî- Ãîëîâíèé ðåäàêòîð ïðîô. ä-ð Âîëîäèìèð правописі не було мови, Юрій äæåííÿ ³ öåé éîãî êîëüîðèò òðåáà çáåðåã- Êóáiéîâè÷, Íàóêîâå Òîâàðèñòâî iì. Øåâ- Шерех у своїх Головних прави- òè. Ò³ëüêè ñêëàäîâèì ðåñïóáë³êàì ÑÑÑÐ ³ ÷åíêà, Ïàðèæ – Íüþ-Éîðê, 1976, ñòîð. 2819. лах подає в скороченні з Укра- ñàòåë³òíèì êðà¿íàì áóëî äîðó÷åíî ïåðå- 3 Ã. Ãîëîñêåâè÷, Ïðàâîïèñíèé ñëîâíèê êëàäàòè öåé òåðì³í íà ñâî¿ ìîâè. ²íø³ êðà- (Âèäàííÿ ñüîìå, Õàðê³â – Êè¿â, 1930).Ïðî їнського правопису, упорядкова- ¿íè – ÑØÀ, Êàíàäà, Àíãë³ÿ, Ôðàíö³ÿ, ͳ- äîëþ Ãðèãîð³ÿ Ãîëîñêåâè÷à ïèøåòüñÿ íà- ного проф. Іваном Зілинським. ìå÷÷èíà çàëèøèëè åòíî-ïîë³òè÷íèé ñåíñ ñòóïíå â Åíöèêëîïå䳿 Óêðà¿íîçíàâñòâà: öüîãî ïîíÿòòÿ: Soviet, Soviet Union, So- „Íà ïðîöåñ³ ÑÂÓ çàñóäæåíèé íà 5 ðð. Деформування „Харкiвсько- wietisch, sovietique ³ ò.ä. Íàâ³òü Óêðà¿íà äî óâ’ÿçíåííÿ, ïîò³ì çàñëàíèé äî Òîáîëüñüêó, го” правопису на російський ÷àñ³â ïîãðîìó â 1930-èõ ðð. áóëà Óêðà¿í- äå â÷èíèâ ñàìîãóáñòâî”. (ÅÓ 2, ñòîð. 407). À лад плянувалося в чужій дер- ñüêîþ Ñîâºòñüêîþ Ñîö³ÿë³ñòè÷íîþ Ðåñïó- â â³íí³ïåçüêîìó Óêðà¿íñüêîìó Ãîëîñ³ ç 17 áë³êîþ (ÓÑÑÐ). Ïåðåêëàä íà ñâîþ ìîâó ìàâ ëèïíÿ 1935 ð. ïîäàíî äàòó éîãî ñìåð-òè: жаві, яка своєю безоглядністю íàáëèçèòè äî ñåáå öå ÷óæå é íàêèíåíå „Ïðîô. Ã. Ãîëîñêåâè÷ ïîìåð íà çàñëàí-í³ â й, мабуть, ревнощами, які вип- ïîíÿòòÿ ç îêóïàö³éíèì ñåíñîì. Òîáîëüñüêó, 18 êâ³òíÿ 1935 ðîêó”. Ïðî ливали з її комплексів неповно- 7 Äèâ. «Ôîíåòè÷íî», Ñëîâíèê óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ñàìîãóáñòâî Ãîëîñêåâè÷à ãîâîðèòüñÿ òà-êîæ ìîâè, òîì äåâ’ÿòèé, Âèäàâíèöòâî „Íàóêîâà ó 5-òîìí³é àíãëîìîâí³é Åíöèêëîïå䳿 5 Þðié Øåðåõ, Ãîëîâíi ïðàâèëà óêðà¿íñüêî- äóìêà”, Êè¿â, 1978, ñ.133. Öå âèñë³â Óêðà¿íîçíàâñòâà. ãî ïðàâîïèñó, Âèäàâíèöòâî ”Ïðîìåòåé”, Ìàêñèìà Ðèëüñüêîãî ïðî ïîëüñüêèé ïåðå- 4 Þð³é Øåðåõ, Ãîëîâí³ ïðàâèëà óêðà¿íñü- 1946, ñòîð. 4; ßðîñëàâ Ðóäíèöüêèé, Óêðà- êëàä Òóâ³ìà Ïóøê³íîâîãî „Ì³äíîãî âåðø- êîãî ïðàâîïèñó, ñòîð. 4. ¿íñüêèé ïðàâîïèñ, Ïðàãà, 1942. íèêà”, ÿêîìó, íà äóìêó Ðèëüñüêî ãî, âäà-

CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 49 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2014 NEWSLETTER ISSUE 1

принижування та відвертою за- зв. „маскулiнiзацiю” грецьких, Ю. Шерех, у розділі „М’якшення бороною допровадити українсь- латинських, французьких, ні- приголосних” у Головних пра- ку мову до мінімального її вжи- мецьких іменників жіночого ро- вилах зазначує: „М’якого знака вання або невживання та про- ду: в „Харківському” правописі (ь) ніколи не пишеться після стелити сучасним ідеологам – аналіза жін., з гр. analysis губних (б, п, в, ф, м), середнь- „русского мира” нове імперіяль- жін., фр. analyse жін., а в рос. опіднебінних (ж, ч, ш, щ, й), не гасло – „де російська мова – анализ чол., й сучасному укр. задньопіднебінних і гортанних там Росія”, граючись терміном правописі також аналіз чол.; (к, г, х, ґ). Після р можна писати – „руський”. діягноза жін. з гр. diagnosis ь відповідно до вимови тільки Чистку в „Харківському” жін., лат. diagnosis жін., а в рос. перед о, напр.: трьох, чотирь- правописі почато в Українській диагноз чол. і в суч. укр. право- ох”9. ССР у 1930 р. Спершу обмежен- писі також діагноз, чол. і ін. Німецьке u і французьке u ням уживання лiтери ґ та м’я- В „Харківському” правописі передаємо українським ю, кого л (l), а в 1933-34, в шалі чуже h завжди передаємо ук- напр.: Вюртемберґ, Мюнхен, культурних погромів в Україні раїнським г (гокей, гуліґан, Гес- Мюссе, Гюґо, Тюрінґія. – взагалі усунено з української се), а в російському передають Двозвуки au, ou (англійське абетки проскрибовану літеру ґ або глухим задньоязиковим х, aw, ow) передаємо ав, ов перед та чужі м’які сполуки la, lo, lu (хокей, хулиган, Хессе), або h пе- приголосною і в кінці слова (напр.: кляса, туберкульоза, редають звуком g (Ґамлєт, Ґен- (aвдиторія, бравнінґ, Бернард клюб та ін.), які прийшли в ук- дєль). В сучасному совєтизова- Шов), а перед голосною пише- раїнську мову з західньоевро- ному українському правописі мо ау, оу (Ауербах, Шопенга- пейських джерел або через їх впроваджено російське переда- уер). посередництво в часі европей- вання літери h (хокей, хуліган і Грецький і латинський дво- ського ренесансу, барока й піз- т. д.). звук eu передаємо ев (невтраль- ніше. Чуже g в іменах власних за- ний, неврастенія, февдал), а ні- В давніших запозиченнях, вжди передаємо українським ґ мецький двозвук eu передаємо особливо з грецької мови, ці спо- (Гюґо, Ґольдоні), за винятком ой (Neu Ulm/Ной Ульм), ei пе- луки передаємо українськими кількох давно засвоєних геогра- редаємо так, як у німецькій мо- ло, ла, лу (колонія, лаконічний, фічних назв: Англія, Норвегія, ві він вимовляється – ай (Traun- лунатизм), а сполуку le пере- Германія, Греція, Єгипет, Пор- stein/Травнштайн). даємо українським ле (лекція, тугалія, Бельгія тощо. Інші двозвуки передаємо балет). Чуже е на початку слів пе- відповідно до їхньої вимови, Після всіх приголосних, пе- редаємо літерою е, напр.: Евро- напр.: ідеальний, Буальо, ко- ред голосними й перед й – чуже па, Ерфурт ,Естонія, елект- аліція, віртуоз, поет, реакція. іа передаємо ія, чуже іе – іє, рика. В словах давно позичених, Слова: проєкт, маєстат дво- чуже іо – іо, чуже іu – ію (імпе- головно через посередництво звука не мали. ріялізм, клієнт, біологія, церкви, передаємо літерою є – Що до найновішої зміни, тріюмф), але у власних назвах Єва, євангелія, Євген, єврей, яка зайшла в передаванні пріз- передаємо також іу (напр.: Кіу- єпископ, єресь і т. п. вищ, то ще в праці Сучасні ук- Сіу). Німецьке o та французьке раїнські прізвища (Київ,1966)10 У теперішньому українсько- eu передаємо українським е, автор, Ю. К. Редько, пише, що му правописі передача пови- напр.: прізвище Goethe передає- прізвища з суфіксом –ів, у яко- щих чужих сполук базується на мо Ґете8, на відміну від тепе- му звук і в непрямих відмінках російській етимологічній прак- рішнього українського Гьоте, чергується з о (Романів, род. Ро- тиці, напр.: гр. dialektos, лат. копійованого з російського Гe- манова; Павлів, род. Павлова) dialectus, фр. dialecte передаєть- те; або німецьке прізвище Gotz, або ті, які чергується з е (Васи- ся – діалект, як і в російському яке в найновішому українсько- лів, род. Василева; Гринів, род. – диалект, замість діялект; му правописі передають див- Гринева, Маців род. Мацева) і проект замість проєкт і т. д. ним Гьотц і Ґьотц, забуваючи, З російської практики наки- що гортанні приголосні в ук- 9 Òàì æå, ñ.17. нено українській передачі й т. раїнській мові не зм’ягчуються. 10 Þ. Ê. Ðåäüêî, Ñó÷àñí³ óêðà¿íñüê³ ïð³çâè- ùà, Àêàäåì³ÿ Íàóê Óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ÐÑÐ. ²íñòè- ëîñÿ ñÿãíóòè „ãðîìîíîñíîãî” çâó÷àííÿ 8 Þð³é Øåðåõ, Ãîëîâí³ ïðàâèëà óêðà¿íñü- òóò ìîâîçíàâñòâà ³ì. Î. Î. Ïîòåáí³, Â-âî ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ìîâè. êîãî ïðàâîïèñó, ñ. 36. „Íàóêîâà Äóìêà”, Êè¿â, 1966, ñ. 90-92.

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