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Burkina Faso Case Study Analysis of the Conditions and Capacities for Disaster Risk Reduction

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Burkina Faso Case Study Analysis of the Conditions and Capacities for Disaster Risk Reduction RISK REDUCTIONRRI INDEX BURKINA FASO CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS AND CAPACITIES FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION RRI RISK REDUCTION INDEX BURKINA FASO CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS AND CAPACITIES FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION LIST OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACRONYMS INTRODUCTION 10 METHODOLOGY 14 COUNTRY CONTEXT 22 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR DRR 32 RTUs SELECTED AND SUPPORTING RATIONALE 38 FINDINGS AND KEY ISSUES BY RISK DRIVER 44 LOCAL PERCEPTIONS ON RISK DRIVER 1 46 LOCAL PERCEPTIONS ON RISK DRIVER 2 52 LOCAL PERCEPTIONS ON RISK DRIVER 3 60 LOCAL PERCEPTIONS ON RISK DRIVER 4 64 RECOMMENDATIONS 70 KEY CHALLENGES 76 ANNEXES 82 ANNEX 1: DATA COLLECTION TOOL 84 ANNEX 2: RESPONDENTS PROFILE 92 ANNEX 3: REFERENCES 94 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DARA would like to especially thank to Reseau Marp Burkina, the national research organisation with whom we worked in Burkina Faso. Their intensive efforts in data collection and in organizing and leading the workshops were crucial to the realisation of the project. We would especially like to thank Mr. OUEDRAOGO Mathieu, President or Reseau Marp Burkina, along with Dr. TAONDA Sibiri Jean-Baptist, who led the field research process, and Mr. GNANOU Adama, who served as DARA’s focal point throughout the study. We also wish to thank those who have collaborated in various field activities for this project, especially the respondents to the questionnaire and the workshop participants, including the Governments, Non Governmental Organizations, Civil Society Organisations, and representatives of international aid agencies and donors in Burkina Faso. A special mention is owed to Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), for their participation and feedback to the research throughout the study. OUR PARTNERS EDITORIAL RESEARCH The RRI builds on partnerships with regional TEAM AT DARA and international entities, including local Coordination: Daniel Barnes and national governments. In the Burkina Faso study, the RRI has counted on the support Lead research team: Daniel Barnes, of the Government of Australia, and was Covadonga Canteli, Ana Rodríguez Seco, carried out in a strategic partnership with the Daniela Ruegenberg Humanitarian Futures Programme and the Research support: Colleen McMillon, African Leadership Centre of Kings College London, under the auspices of the FOREWARN Initiative. FOREWARN is implemented in close collaboration with ECOWAS and regional networks. In addition, the project also benefitted from DARA’s long-standing partnership and knowledge sharing with the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), where collaboration focused on Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (HFA) monitoring and the Local Government Self-Assessment Tool. LIST OF ACRONYMS ● Simplified drinking water supply(AEPS) ● Least Developed Country (LDC) ● Anti-retroviral (ARV) ● Ministry of Water Resources, Hydraulic ● Supreme Audit Authority of the State (ASCE) and Sanitation Facilities (MEAHA) ● Water and Soil Conservation (CES) ● Ministry of Youth, Professional Training ● Conservation of Water and Soil (CES) and Employment (MJFPE) ● Departamental Council for Emergency Relief ● National Adaptation Programmes of Action and Rehabilitation (CODESUR) (NAPAs) ● National Commission for Refugees ● Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) (CONAREF) ● Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) ● National Council for Emergency Relief ● National Water and Sanitation Company and Rehabilitation (CONASUR) (ONEA) ● Provincial Council for Emergency Relief ● Post disaster needs assessment (PDNA) and Rehabilitation (COPROSUR) ● National Volunteers Programme (PNV) ● Regional Council for Emergency Relief ● Agrarian and Land Reform (RAF) and Rehabilitation (CORESUR) ● National Network to Fight against Corruption ● Council for Emergency Relief (RENLAC) and Rehabilitation at Village level (COVISUR) ● Assisted natural regeneration (RNA) ● National Council for Food Security (CSA) ● Risk Reduction Index (RRI) ● Superior Council of Burkinabes Abroad (CSBE) ● Representative Territorial Unit (RTU) ● Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (CSLP) ● Strategy for Accelerated Growth and ● Health and Social Center (CSPS) Sustainable Development 2011-2015 (SCADD) ● The National Agency for the Promotion ● National Hydrocarbon Company of the Rural Economy (DGPER) of Burkina Faso (SONABHY) ● Disaster Risk Management (DRM) ● National Food Security Reserve ● Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Management Corporation (SONAGESS) ● Soil Protection and Restoration (DRS) ● Permanent Secretariat of the National ● Economic Comunity of West African States Council for the Environment (ECOWAS) and Sustainable Development (SP/CONEDD) ● Global Environment Facility (GEF) ● UN Development Assistance Framework ● Global Facility for Disaster Reduction (UNDAF) and Recovery (GFDRR) ● United Nations Development Programme ● Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) (UNDP) ● High Intensity of Workforce (HIMO) ● United Nations Framework Convention ● Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (IETI) ● UN Volunteers Programme (UNVP) ● Income Generating Activities (IGA) ● West African Network for Peacebuilding ● International Non Governmental Organisation (WANEP) (INGOs) DARA INTRODUCTION 12 INTRODUCTION provides in-depth analysis, carried out within geographically well-defined risk prone areas, The Risk of the existing conditions and capacities that either hinder or enable local and national actors Reduction to carry out effective risk management. It identifies aspects of development processes and institutional structures that need to be Index (RRI) addressed and engaged in risk management. The RRI aims to influence development processes and promote better integration of DRR into development and poverty reduction strategies and policies. The RRI has three main objectives: To inform and guide practitioners and policy- 1 makers about underlying risk drivers and how they influence or contribute to the generation of risks within determined geographical areas. To offer recommendations that will improve risk management at local, 2 national and regional levels. To generate baseline data for measuring progress (or setbacks) of how 3 underlying risk drivers are addressed over time. 13 From 2011-2013, DARA carried out analyses in six West African countries: Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Niger, Senegal1. The aim during this period was to generate knowledge in the West Africa region that would Burkina Faso, a Sahelian country, faces raise awareness among local communities, numerous environmental and socio-economic national governments, and ECOWAS on the challenges that threaten development need to address the underlying risk drivers. efforts. In a country where climatic changes By making risk management more effective, are expected to place further challenges on the resilience of the most vulnerable resilience-building efforts, it is crucial that populations is increased. local, national and regional actors understand The Burkina Faso case study shares the the links between underlying risk factors, same goals and objectives as the previous vulnerability, and increased exposure to six studies2: natural hazards, and take appropriate actions Identify the perceptions of risk and how that integrate this level of understanding. underlying risk factors lead to increased vulnerability among the population. In the chapters that follow, the results Additionally, the approach will also take into of the RRI research carried out in consideration how these issues can increase Burkina Faso in 2014 are presented. the probability of conflict. Working at the local level in three different representative regions —the RRI findings demonstrate the perceptions of people regarding the primary issues they face that increase their level of risk to natural hazards and conflict, as well as their own recommendations on what is working and where greater efforts need to be made. 1 A first phase of the RRI was carried out in Central America from 2009-2010, where research was conducted in seven countries. http://daraint.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/RRI.pdf 2 See full report: http://daraint.org/risk-reduction-index/ west-africa/ METHODOLOGY 15 The methodology of the Risk Reduction Index (RRI) is based on the Hyogo Framework for 01 RISK DRIVER Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL Nations and Communities to Disasters (HFA). RESOURCES To improve disaster risk reduction, the HFA promotes five Priorities for Action: (1) Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and 02 local priority with a strong institutional basis RISK DRIVER SOCIOECONOMIC for implementation; (2) Identify, assess and CONTEXT monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning; (3) Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety 03 and resilience at all levels; (4) Reduce the RISK DRIVER LAND USE underlying risk factors; and (5) Strengthen AND BUILT disaster preparedness for effective response ENVIRONMENT at all levels. The RRI focuses on risk drivers, that is, the underlying factors that contribute to 04 RISK DRIVER the generation of risk, in line with HFA GOVERNANCE Priority for Action Four. In order to ensure a comprehensive analysis of the underlying risk factors, or risk drivers, the RRI uses a two-pronged approach. Firstly, the analytical The methodology adopted to analyse the risk point of departure is to map the dichotomy drivers is fundamentally qualitative, although between capacities
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