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The Indigenous World 2016 World Indigenous The IWGIA THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2016 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2016 This yearbook gives a comprehensive update on the current situation of indigenous peoples and their hu- man rights and provides an overview of the most im- portant developments in international and regional processes during 2015. In 64 articles, indigenous and non-indigenous scholars THE INDIGENOUS WORLD and activists provide their insight and knowledge in country reports covering most of the indigenous world and updated information on international and regional processes relating to indigenous peoples. The Indigenous World 2016 is an essential source of information and an indispensable tool for those who need to be informed about the most recent issues and developments that impact indigenous peoples worldwide. 2016 INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2016 Copenhagen 2016 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2016 Compilation and editing: Diana Vinding and Cæcilie Mikkelsen Regional editors: Arctic & North America: Kathrin Wessendorf Mexico, Central and South America: Alejandro Parellada Australia and the Pacific: Cæcilie Mikkelsen Asia: Christian Erni, Signe Leth and Sille Stidsen Africa: Geneviève Rose International Processes: Lola García-Alix and Kathrin Wessendorf Cover and typesetting: Jorge Monrás Maps: Jorge Monrás English translation: Elaine Bolton Proof reading: Elaine Bolton and Helen Newing Prepress and Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark © The authors and The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), 2016 All Rights Reserved The reproduction and distribution of information contained HURIDOCS CIP DATA in The Indigenous World is welcome as long as the source Title: The Indigenous World 2016 is cited. However, the translation of articles into other Edited by: Diana Vinding and Cæcilie Mikkelsen languages and the reproduction of the whole BOOK is not Pages: allowed without the consent of IWGIA. ISSN: 1024-0217 The articles in The Indigenous World are produced ISBN: 978-87-92786-69-2 on a voluntary basis. It is IWGIA’s intention that The Language: English Indigenous World should provide a comprehensive update Index: 1. Indigenous Peoples – 2. Yearbook – 3. International on the situation of indigenous peoples worldwide but, Processes unfortunately, it is not always possible to find authors to BISAC codes: LAW110000 Indigenous Peoples cover all relevant countries. The articles reflect the authors’ REF027000 Yearbooks & Annuals own views and opinions and not necessarily those of IWGIA POL035010 Political Freedom & Security / Human Rights itself. IWGIA can furthermore not be held responsible for Geografical area: World the accuracy of their content. The Indigenous World is Publication date: April 2016 published annually in English and Spanish. Director interim: Marianne Wiben Jensen Distribution in North America: Head of Finance: Søren Aarslev Transaction Publishers 300 McGaw Drive Raritan Center - Edison, NJ 08857 www.transactionpub.com This book has been produced with financial support from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DANIDA) INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhagen, Denmark Tel: (45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax: (45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.iwgia.org CONTENTS Editorial ............................................................................................................10 PART I – REGION AND COUNTRY REPORTS Arctic Greenland ....................................................................................................22 Sápmi ..........................................................................................................29 Russian Federation .....................................................................................42 North America Canada ........................................................................................................54 United States of America .............................................................................65 Mexico and Central America Mexico .........................................................................................................76 Guatemala ...................................................................................................82 Nicaragua ....................................................................................................90 Costa Rica .................................................................................................102 Panama .....................................................................................................110 South America Colombia ...................................................................................................120 Venezuela ..................................................................................................129 Suriname ...................................................................................................139 Ecuador .....................................................................................................144 Peru ...........................................................................................................156 Bolivia ........................................................................................................167 Brazil .........................................................................................................176 Paraguay ...................................................................................................186 Argentina ...................................................................................................194 Chile ..........................................................................................................207 The Pacific Australia ....................................................................................................218 Aotearoa (New Zealand) ...........................................................................224 East and South East Asia Japan .........................................................................................................232 China .........................................................................................................239 Taiwan .......................................................................................................246 Philippines .................................................................................................252 Indonesia ...................................................................................................262 Malaysia ....................................................................................................273 Thailand .....................................................................................................280 Cambodia ..................................................................................................286 Vietnam .....................................................................................................293 Laos ...........................................................................................................299 Burma ........................................................................................................306 South Asia Bangladesh ...............................................................................................314 Nepal .........................................................................................................321 India ...........................................................................................................328 North and West Africa Morocco .....................................................................................................344 Algeria .......................................................................................................349 Tunesia ......................................................................................................354 Mali ...........................................................................................................358 Burkina Faso .............................................................................................364 Central Africa Cameroon ..................................................................................................370 Central African Republic ............................................................................377 Republic of Congo .....................................................................................381 Democratic Republic of Congo ..................................................................387 East Africa Ethiopia .....................................................................................................394 Kenya ........................................................................................................399 Uganda ......................................................................................................409 Rwanda .....................................................................................................414 Tanzania ....................................................................................................421 Southern Africa Namibia .....................................................................................................432 Botswana ...................................................................................................439 Zimbabwe ..................................................................................................448 South Africa ...............................................................................................455
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