Water Framework Directive the Status of German Waters 2015 Imprint
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Water Framework Directive The status of German waters 2015 Imprint Publisher: Graphics sources: Umweltbundesamt Cover page: shutterstock.com Section II 2 „Water and Soil“ pages 1, 2, 6/7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16/17, 20, 23, 24/25, 28, 32, Postfach 14 06 33, 34 (bottom), 40/41, 44, 49, 60, 61, 66, 67, 70, 76/77, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau 83, 86, 88, 92, 93, 102, 104 (top), 110, 112 (middle and Tel: +49 340-2103-0 bottom), 113, 115, 116 (bottom), 117, 119, 123 (top), [email protected] 124/125, 126, 134/135, 136, 140: shutterstock.com www.umweltbundesamt.de page 3: BMUB/Thomas Imo page 14: Geschäftsstelle der LAWA /umweltbundesamt.de page 26 (third image from above), 34, 38 (left), 79: J. Völker /umweltbundesamt page 26 (fourth image from above), 38 (right), 103, 104 (top), 120 (bottom): Stephan Naumann (UBA) Authors: page 26 (sixth image from above), 39 (right): Norma Neuhei- Jeanette Völker (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ser (UFZ) Research – UFZ); Volker Mohaupt (Umweltbundesamt) page 26 (second and fifth image from above), 27, 37, 39 (left), 43, 52 (bottom), 58, 85, 87, 89, 101, 116 (top), 118, Jens Arle (UBA), Corinna Baumgarten (UBA), Katrin Blondzik 120 (top) (UBA), Dietrich Borchardt (UFZ), Falk Hilliges (UBA), Cindy 122: André Künzelmann (UFZ) Mathan (UBA), Stephan Naumann (UBA), Dirk Osiek (UBA), page 35, 99: UFZ,page 47, 96, 112: UBA Jörg Rechenberg (UBA), Ursula Schmedtje (UBA), Antje page 51, 123 (bottom): Falko Wagner (IGF) Ullrich (UBA), Andrea Weiß (UBA), Rüdiger Wolter (UBA) page 52 (top): böhringer friedrich page 78: Struktur- und Genehmigungsdirektion Süd, Editors: Neustadt/W. Jeanette Völker (UFZ), Volker Mohaupt (UBA), page 97 (bottom): Jörg Rechenberg (UBA) Franz August Emde (BMUB) page 100 (top): Helmut Ramers Recommended citation: page 100 (middle): Freie Hansestadt Bremen, Senator für BMUB/UBA 2016. Umwelt, Bau und Verkehr Water Framework Directive – The status of German waters page 100 (bottom): Stadt Ludwigsburg 2015. Bonn, Dessau. page 106 (bottom), 107: Regierungspräsidium Freiburg, Abteilung 5 Umwelt, Referat 53.1 Gewässer I. Ordnung – Translation: Planung und Bau Translations and more. Klaus Sticker, Bonn page 107: Dirk S. Schmeller page 111: Stefan Klotz (UFZ) Design: page 115: Roland T. Frank, Germany Studio GOOD, Berlin page 114: fotolia.com page 120 (middle): Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe Printed by: Quedlinburg Druck GmbH printed on recyled paper made from 100% waste paper Contact information for ordering this report: Umweltbundesamt c/o GVP Postfach 30 03 61 | 53183 Bonn Customer service phone: 0340 2103-6688 Customer service fax: 0340 2104-6688 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.umweltbundesamt.de Publications available as PDFs: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/ die-wasserrahmenrichtlinie-deutschlands-gewaesser Last updated: September 2016 Water Framework Directive The status of German waters 2015 2 Foreword Dear Reader The Water Framework Directive stipulates that good ces, and great dedication. In the water body protection status is to be achieved for all European water bodies domain, federal state water management officials work – which means achieving high water quality and good closely with members of the general public. Numerous living conditions for aquatic flora and fauna. Ecological informational events, workshops, reports and extensive considerations such as protecting and improving biodi- online documentation create transparency and promote versity are matters of priority. However, likewise falling public awareness of the advantages of living water within the scope of the Water Framework Directive are bodies. This in turn makes a major contribution to public the various uses of water bodies, including for a quality acceptance of water body protection. drinking water supply and for shipping. Both ecological concerns and water body uses are the underpinnings of This report discusses the results of the first management sustainable water body management. period and what has transpired since 2009, and pro- vides an overview of the management cycle that began The 2009 German water management planning out- in 2015. The report also describes how comprehensive comes in 2009 and the initial management plan show and integrated river basin management for purposes that the goals mandated by the Water Framework of protecting our water bodies works, and provides Directive have yet to be met for the vast majority of answers to a broad range of questions: Which pressures German water bodies. But a great deal of progress has are our water bodies subject to? What is the status of been made since then. Additional sewage treatment German water bodies today? What progress has been plants have been built or existing ones expanded, the made thus far? Which measures are currently in the agro-environmental program has been carried out, pipeline? Which actors will carry out these measures rivers and streams have been restored to a near-natural and how much will they cost? status, structures that hinder the movements of migratory species have been reconfigured, and dikes I trust that after having read this report, water body pro- have been relocated. tection will become a matter of concern to you as well. Our federal state governments have also accomplished a great deal in this domain. Water body monitoring and Dr. Barbara Hendricks assessment, planning and implementing the relevant Federal minister for the Environment, measures, and elaborating management plans require a Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety considerable amount of human and financial resour- 3 1 Integrated water body management in accor- dance with the Water Framework Directive Page 6 2 Results overview Page 16 3 Water body use and the effects thereof Page 24 3.1 Water body uses and pressures / Page 27 Agriculture / Page 27 Municipalities, households, and the industrial sector / Page 30 Shipping / Page 32 Hydropower / Page 34 Mining and water abstraction / Page 35 3.2 Impact on water bodies / Page 36 Eutrophication (nutrient oversupply) / Page 37 Pollutant inputs / Page 37 Changes in and lack of habitats / Page 38 Deficient continuity / Page 38 Elevated water temperatures / Page 39 Falling groundwater levels / Page 39 4 2015 water body status Page 40 4.1 Water body monitoring / Page 43 4.2 Surface water status / Page 48 Surface water ecological status / Page 51 Surface water chemical status / Page 58 Changes in surface water body ecological status since 2009 / Page 64 Changes in surface water body chemical status since 2009 / Page 65 4.3 Groundwater status / Page 67 Quantitative groundwater status / Page 67 Groundwater chemical status / Page 69 Changes in groundwater body status since 2009 / Page 74 4 5 Programmes of measures Page 76 5.1 Measures according to significant pressures / Page 80 Eutrophication (nutrient oversupply) / Page 83 Pollutant inputs / Page 84 Changes in and lack of habitats / Page 84 Deficient continuity / Page 86 Elevated water temperatures / Page 87 Falling groundwater levels / Page 87 5.2 Responsibility lies with the polluters / Page 88 Agriculture/ Page 88 Municipalities, households, and the industrial sector / Page 96 Shipping / Page 98 Hydropower / Page 102 Mining / Page 106 5.3 Integrated measure planning include … / Page 107 Protected areas, nature conservation and biodiversity / Page 107 Climate change/ Page 114 Marine environmental protection / Page 116 Flood risk management / Page 119 Research / Page 122 6 Objectives for 2021-2027 Page 124 6.1 Deadline extensions and exemptions / Page 126 6.2 Measure financing / Page 132 7 The way forward Page 134 5 Integrated water body management in accordance with the Water Framework Directive 6 7 The Water Framework Directive stipulates that riv- achievement, and measures. We are currently at the ers, lakes, transitional waters, coastal waters, and beginning of the second cycle, which ends in 2021. groundwater are to achieve good status by 2027. To The management plans and programmes of meas- this end, the European Union has promulgated a ures that have been elaborated for this period were clearly defined timeline and three six-year manage- published in December 2015 and were submitted to ment cycles for the member states (Figure 1). The the European Commission in March 2016. Hence in main management instruments in this regard are effect, these plans constitute a monitoring tool for the the management plans, which contain stipulations European Commission. concerning matters such as status, inputs, goal Figure 1 Implementation timeline for the Water Framework Directive. 2000 2009 2015 2021 2027 Legal transposition, (1.) (2.) (3.) Characterization, Management cycle Management cycle Management cycle Monitoring 2016-2021 Implementation of programmes of measures Monitoring and assessment of all surface waters and groundwater Public participation during the third management cycle: 22 December 2018-21 June 2019 (schedule and work program) December 2019-21 June 2020 (key water management issues) 22 December 2020-21 June 2021 (draft management plans) A look back: The first management cycle During the first management yc cle, whose management plans and pro- grammes of measures were completed in late 2009, it emerged that Water Framework Directive management objectives for Germany had only been reached in just under 10 percent of surface water bodies (rivers, lakes, tran- sitional waters, coastal waters) and in 62 percent of groundwater bodies. For the major part of German water bodies (82 percent of surface water bodies and 36 percent of groundwater),