The Birth of Elementary Particle Physics in Pisa If We Accept the Claim
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Space Qualification Tests of the PAMELA Instrument
Advances in Space Research 37 (2006) 1841–1847 www.elsevier.com/locate/asr Space qualification tests of the PAMELA instrument R. Sparvoli a,*, A. Basili a, R. Bencardino a, M. Casolino a, M.P. De Pascale a, G. Furano a,1, A. Menicucci a, M. Minori a, A. Morselli a, P. Picozza a, R. Wischnewski a,2, A. Bakaldin b, A.M. Galper b, S.V. Koldashov b, M.G. Korotkov b, V.V. Mikhailov b, S.A. Voronov b, Y. Yurkin b, O. Adriani c, L. Bonechi c, M. Bongi c, P. Papini c, S.B. Ricciarini c, P. Spillantini c, S. Straulino c, F. Taccetti c, E. Vannuccini c, G. Castellini d, M. Boezio e, M. Bonvicini e, E. Mocchiutti e, P. Schiavon e, A. Vacchi e, G. Zampa e, N. Zampa e, P. Carlson f, J. Lund f, J. Lundquist f,3, S. Orsi f, M. Pearce f, G.C. Barbarino g, D. Campana g, G. Osteria g, G. Rossi g, S. Russo g, M. Boscherini h,4, W. Menn h, M. Simon h, L. Bongiorno i, M. Ricci i, M. Ambriola j, R. Bellotti j, F. Cafagna j, M. Circella j, C. De Marzo j, N. Giglietto j, N. Mirizzi j, M. Romita j, P. Spinelli j, E. Bogomolov k, S. Krutkov k, G. Vasiljev k, G.A. Bazilevskaja l, A.N. Kvashnin l, V.I. Logachev l, V.S. Makhmutov l, O.S. Maksumov l, Yu.I. Stozhkov l, J.W. Mitchell m, R.E. Streitmatter m, S.J. Stochaj n a INFN, Structure of Rome II and Physics Department, University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy b Moscow Engineering and Physics Institute, Kashirskoe Shosse 31, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia c INFN, Structure of Florence and Physics Department, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy d Istituto di Fisica Applicata ‘‘Nello Carrara’’, Via Panciatichi 64, I-50127 Florence, Italy e INFN, Structure of Trieste and Physics Department, University of Trieste, Via A. -
Enrico Fermi a Firenze. Le «Lezioni Di Meccanica Razionale» Al Biennio
I LIBRI DE «IL COLLE DI GALILEO» ISSN 2704-5609 (PRINT) | ISSN 2612-7989 (ONLINE) – 6 – I LIBRI DE «IL COLLE DI GALILEO» Direttore Daniele Dominici (Università di Firenze) Comitato scientifico Oscar Adriani (Università di Firenze; Sezione INFN Firenze, Direttore) Marco Benvenuti (Università di Firenze; Presidente del Sistema Museale d’Ateneo) Roberto Casalbuoni (Università di Firenze) Francesco Cataliotti (Università di Firenze) Stefania De Curtis (Sezione INFN Firenze) Paolo De Natale (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Direttore) Pier Andrea Mandò (Università di Firenze) Giuseppe Pelosi (Università di Firenze) Giacomo Poggi (Università di Firenze) Maria Sofia Randich Osservatorio( Astrofisico di Arcetri, Direttore) Enrico Fermi a Firenze Le «Lezioni di Meccanica Razionale» al biennio propedeutico agli studi di Ingegneria: 1924-1926 a cura di Roberto Casalbuoni Daniele Dominici, Giuseppe Pelosi FIRENZE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2019 Enrico Fermi a Firenze : le «Lezioni di Meccanica Razionale» al biennio propedeutico agli studi di Ingegneria: 1924-1926 / a cura di Roberto Casalbuoni, Daniele Dominici, Giuseppe Pelosi. – Firenze University Press, 2019. (I libri de «Il Colle di Galileo» ; 6) https://www.fupress.com/isbn/9788864539607 ISSN 2704-5609 (print) ISSN 2612-7989 (online) ISBN 978-88-6453-959-1 (print) ISBN 978-88-6453-960-7 (online PDF) Progetto grafico di Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Lettera Meccanica SRLs Immagine di copertina: elaborazione grafica della fotografia che ritrae da sinistra a destra Franco Rasetti, Rita Brunetti, Nello Carrara, Enrico Fermi all’Istituto di Fisica ad Arcetri [Archivio Amaldi, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”] Certificazione scientifica delle Opere Tutti i volumi pubblicati sono soggetti a un processo di referaggio esterno di cui sono responsabili il Consiglio editoriale della FUP e i Consigli scientifici delle singole collane. -
Muons for Time-Dependent Studies in Magnetism
Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism D. Andreica, Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA The European School on Magnetism, 22.08-01.09 2011, Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism Content: Introduction: muon properties; history. SR method: muon beams; sample environment; Muons for solid state physics & examples. ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism In a few words: Polarized muons (S=1/2) are implanted into the sample The spin of the muon precesses around the local magnetic field The muons decay (2.2 s) by emitting a positron preferentially along the spin direction. The positrons are counted/recorded in hystograms along certain directions = the SR spectra = the physics of your sample. ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism It belongs to the family of NMR, EPR, PAC, neutron scattering and Mossbauer experimental methods. ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism -Small magnetic probe. Spin: 1/2, Mass: m = 206.7682838(54) me = 0.1126095269(29) mp -Charge: +-e - Muon beam 100% polarized → possibility to perform ZF measurements - Can be implanted in all type of samples - Gyromagnetic ratio: = 2 x 13.553882 (0.2 ppm) kHz/Gauss → senses weak magnetism. - Allows independent determination of the magnetic volume and of magnetic moment. - Possibility to detect disordered magnetism (spin glass) or short range magnetism. How ? ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism The muon decay into an electron and two neutrinos after an average lifetime of = 2.19703(4) s: + + e + e + The decay is highly anisotropic. -
Luigi Puccianti, Maestro Di Fisica, Docente Di E. Fermi Un Vecchio
Luigi Puccianti, maestro di fisica, docente di E. Fermi Un vecchio certificato di nascita riporta che Luigi, Gaetano, Alfredo, Ranieri, Giovanni Puccianti era nato(1) a Pisa il 6 luglio 1875 alle ore sette e un quarto antimeridiane, figlio del signor cavaliere professore Giuseppe Puccianti e della signora nobil donna Arianna Pucciardi. Il padre Giuseppe fu un valente letterato, di cui si ricorda l’ottima Antologia della prosa italiana moderna, stampata a Firenze dall’editore Le Monnier nel 1871. La prefazione di questa raccolta di esempi di prosa di autori allora recenti, rivela che Giuseppe Puccianti era uno spirito indipendente e modernissimo, aveva un forte interesse per la scienza e uno stile vivace e poco paludato, che ritroveremo più tardi negli scritti del figlio, come si può vedere da questo stralcio: Per gli antichi la storia quasi altro non era che arte; per noi è scienza. Quelle splendide concioni al modo diretto, quelle belle etopeie ci mettono in sospetto come ostentazione inopportuna di eloquenza e di retorica. Noi nella storia non vogliamo trovare il poema eroico, ma il poema della vita. Nel mezzo a tante ire di re, nel mezzo a tanto strepito di armi, a tante rovine di città e di imperi, dove sono i costumi, i sentimenti, le speranze, i timori del popolo? dove le arti e le scienze? Anzi dov’è il popolo? Dove l’uomo? Noi ci vediamo alcuni pochi grandi che paiono piuttosto statue colossali che uomini come noi; e poi scorgiamo dalla lontana come delle grandi masse, ma per quanto vi aguzziamo l’occhio, non possiamo discernere nettamente gli individui. -
A Hidden Treasure on Computer Science Pre-History in Pisa: the CSCE Collection
Parallel Session Biagioni and Giannini A Hidden Treasure on Computer Science Pre-History in Pisa: the CSCE Collection Stefania Biagioni and Silvia Giannini, ISTI-CNR, Institute for the Science and Technologies of Information, National Research Council, Italy Abstract The collection of the Center for the Study of Electronic Computers (CSCE) contains the scientific documentation produced by the staff and associate members of the Center. The CSCE was established by the University of Pisa with the specific purpose of designing and building the first electronic computer entirely built in Italy: the CEP, standing for “Pisan Electronic Computer”. In recent times we have carried out the analysis, the description and the digitization of these historical documents, stored in paper copy at our library, and turned them into an Open Access digital archive freely available at http://csce.isti.cnr.it/. The most important historical events The history of the CSCE started at the beginning of the ‘50s, when the municipal and provincial administrations of Pisa, Lucca and Livorno granted the University of Pisa a significant amount of money (150 million liras) to be used for the realization of an important scientific device. The original idea was to build an electrosynchrotron. The studies about the construction of this electrosynchrotron began in February 1953 at the Institute of Physics of the University of Pisa, and were about to finish when a bid by the University of Rome, one of the project partners, to have the project transferred to Frascati, near Rome, was accepted; this transfer meant that the amount originally granted to the University of Pisa became available for a new project. -
OCR Document
Curriculum vitae prof. Sergio P. Ratti Sergio P. Ratti was born in Garlate (Lecco) sept. 5th 1934. Married to Amelia Corinna Aimi Sons. Alessandro G.G. born aug. 6th, 1962, in Evanston Ill. USA Michele, born jan 30th 1965, in Milano, Italy Scientifc High School in Milano. BS 1953 Laurea in Physics, University of Milano 1957 Qualification in General Physics, 1963. Career: Since nov 1st 1972: Full Professor in Experimental Physics; University of Pavia Dean of the Graduate School in Physics (since 1981) Dean Graduate Schools of the University: (1981-1990) + 2006 - Assistant professor University of Milano 1958-1959 Associate professor University of Milano 1960-1972. Research associate Northwestern University, Evanston 1961-1962 Visiting professor Northwestern University 1966 Oxford University 1976 Rutgers State University of New Jersey; 1979 Permanent visiting scientist: CERN, Geneva, 1970-71 Visiting scientist: CERN, Geneva (since 1965) FERMILAB, (since 1979). Awards: Giovanni Gentile jr. prize for Physics: 1958 Angelo Della Riccia (Italo-Suisse foundation) price for Phyiscs: 1971 Medal of merit: Italian Physical Society: 2005 Membership: Italian Physical Society European Physical Society American Geosciences Union Ministero dell’Istruzione Università e Ricerca (MIUR): National University Council (CUN): Member (1997-2006) and member of the Disciplinary Court (2006). European Academy for Economic and Cultural Relations. Editing: Director of the Journal Scientifica Acta Director of the serie “Fisica e Scienze esatte” (Ed. Franco Angeli, Milano -
A Nature of Science Guided Approach to the Physics Teaching of Cosmic Rays
A Nature of Science guided approach to the physics teaching of Cosmic Rays Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil. { Doctor philosophiae) eingereicht am Fachbereich 4 Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften, Wirtschaft & Informatik der Universit¨atHildesheim vorgelegt von Rosalia Madonia geboren am 20. August 1961 in Palermo 2018 Schwerpunkt der Arbeit: Didaktik der Physik Tag der Disputation: 21 Januar 2019 Dekan: Prof. Dr. M. Sauerwein 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ute Kraus 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Peter Grabmayr ii Abstract This thesis focuses on cosmic rays and Nature of Science (NOS). The first aim of this work is to investigate whether the variegated aspects of cosmic ray research -from its historical development to the science topics addressed herein- can be used for a teaching approach with and about NOS. The efficacy of the NOS based teaching has been highlighted in many studies, aimed at developing innovative and more effective teaching strategies. The fil rouge that we propose unwinds through cosmic ray research, that with its century long history appears to be the perfect topic for a study of and through NOS. The second aim of the work is to find out what knowledge the pupils and students have regarding the many aspect of NOS. To this end we have designed, executed, and analyzed the outcomes of a sample-based investigation carried out with pupils and students in Palermo (Italy), T¨ubingenand Hildesheim (Germany), and constructed around an open-ended ques- tionnaire. The main goal is to study whether intrinsic differences between the German and Italian samples can be observed. The thesis is divided in three parts. -
Edoardo Amaldi 1908-89
Edoardo Amaldi 1908-89 Edoardo Amaldi, right, with Gilberto Bernar- dini at a CERN Council session in 1965. Edoardo Amaldi, one of the driving forces of European science and a pioneer of CERN, died on 5 Decem• ber. He began his career in the 1930s with Enrico Fermi in Rome, where he helped discover that slow neutrons were more readily cap• tured in target nuclei. After the premature death of Et- tore Majorana and the decision of Fermi and other prominent Italian physicists to emigrate in the 1930s, Amaldi took essential steps to maintain the spirit of Ital• ian physics. Gian Carlo Wick was invited to take up the Rome chair left vacant after the departure of Fermi. Gilberto Bernardini at Bolog• na commuted regularly to the Ital• ian capital to continue the cosmic ray tradition pioneered by Bruno Rossi. Under their guidance, dra• matic wartime research exploits un• had led the small but vigorous ture. It took many years before fi• der difficult conditions nevertheless group of scientists and politicians nal agreement on the latter was made important contributions to who promoted the idea of a Euro• reached, but it was symbolic that physics, culminating in the epic pean Laboratory in the early Amaldi was President of the CERN 1946 discovery of the muon by 1950s, and it was fitting that he Council when the SPS was finally Marcello Conversi, Ettore Pancini held the position of Secretary Gen• approved in 1971. Subsequently find Oreste Piccioni. eral when CERN formally came into he was a regular visitor, still in• In 1955, while the experiment of being in 1954. -
Chairmen's Invitation
Chairmen’s invitation “Biophotonics is a multidisciplinary research area that utilizes light-based technologies, in medicine and life science. The vision behind biophotonics is to gain a full understanding of the origin and molecular mechanisms of diseases to either prevent them or, at least, diagnose them early and precisely, followed by a treatment which is specifically adapted to individual needs.” (by “Lighting the way ahead”, Photonics21 Strategic Research Agenda, 2010) Dear Participants to the IEEE BioPhotonics conference, After the success of the first international IEEE BioPhotonics Workshop (Parma, Italy 2011) and the second one (Taipei, Taiwan, 2013), the Institute of Applied Physics of the National Research Council of Italy and the IEEE Italy Section are pleased to welcome you to the third appointment of the series. From the beginning of the International Workshop BioPhotonics2011 organization, it has been clear that talking about biophotonics would have meant to gather scientists with many different experiences, competences and background to cover all different aspects of this new and emerging field. The IEEE BioPhotonics meetings has been established as a high-level meeting in the area of light-based techniques for medicine, life science, agriculture, environmental science and many other areas of application. Being at BioPhotonics2015 is thus a unique opportunity to interact with a multidisciplinary and fertile forum of experts, where researchers and professionals exchange their specific knowledge and experiences. The conference will have three Plenary Sessions with keynote speakers from all over the word and fourteen further oral sessions plus two poster ones and an exhibitor showcase. The main topics comprise: diagnostics and therapeutics applications; imaging; integrated optical devices; microscopy; modeling; nano biophotonics; optofluidic platforms; sensing and plasmonic platforms; spectroscopy. -
Ritorno a Chicago: Enrico Fermi E La Nascita Della Fisica Delle Alte Energie Nel Secondo Dopoguerra (1946-1954)
Ritorno a Chicago: Enrico Fermi e la nascita della fisica delle alte energie nel secondo dopoguerra (1946-1954) Giulio Maltese1 Introduzione: Fermi e gli “anni Cinquanta” Nella storia della fisica delle particelle, non molto dopo la fine della Seconda Guerra Mondiale cominciò un periodo al quale ci si può genericamente riferire come agli “anni Cinquanta”. Durò dal 1947 al 1963, e attraverso di esso “la fisica delle particelle elementari divenne adulta e passò attraverso ai trionfi e ai dolori della sua adolescenza. Cominciato con la scoperta dei pioni carichi nei raggi cosmici, il periodo finì con la consapevolezza che i costituenti fondamentali degli adroni sono i quarks. Questi anni videro l’affermazione della teoria quantistica dei campi nell’elettrodinamica quantistica (QED) rinormalizzata, solo per vederla rigettata come schema teorico per le interazioni forti e deboli. Videro anche il concetto di simmetria emergere come caratteristica fondamentale della fisica, per assistere poi alla sua caduta nella rivoluzione della parità. I ricercatori scoprirono particelle così diverse da ogni altra particella allora nota da coniare per esse l’appellativo “strane” trovando poi proprietà inaspettate nel comportamento di interazioni note da tempo. Gli anni Cinquanta furono un periodo di scompiglio intellettuale, dove nella fisica teorica cambiarono mode e atteggiamenti.”2 Enrico Fermi fu uno dei personaggi principali della prima metà di questo periodo. Dei quasi sedici anni che trascorse negli Stati Uniti dalla fuga dall’Europa nel dicembre 1938 fino alla sua morte prematura nel 1954, le sue imprese scientifiche più note sono la realizzazione della prima reazione a catena (2 dicembre 1942) e il test della prima bomba atomica (16 luglio 1945), avvenute rispettivamente presso il Metallurgical Laboratory di Chicago e nel deserto di Alamogordo, vicino al laboratorio di Los Alamos, nel New Mexico. -
Arxiv:1909.00679V1 [Physics.Hist-Ph] 2 Sep 2019 1Cresti M., Loria A
Oral History Interview with Marcello Cresti by Alessandro De Angelis, August 2019 Born in Grosseto, 26 April 1928, Marcello Cresti graduated in Physics in 1950 at the University of Pisa by attending the Scuola Normale Superiore, and became professor of Experimental Physics in Padua in 1965. His research focused on the physics of cosmic rays and elementary particles. In 1951, working at the mountain observatory built by the Padua research group at Pian di Fedaia, close to the Marmolada mountain, at an altitude of 2000 m a.s.l., he developed and used a system of overlapping Wilson chambers that allowed an analysis of particles produced by cosmic rays. With this device, in collaboration with Arturo Loria and Guido Zago, he obtained results on the extended air showers of cosmic radiation and on the production of pions and strange particles.1 As other mountain observatories, the Fedaia Laboratory had an important role in establishing international collaborations with other cosmic ray groups in Europe. In 1955 he worked at the Max Planck Institute for Physics in G¨ottingen,directed by Werner Heisenberg, to analyze the data obtained, developing a technique for reconstructing events that used one of the first electronic computers, built in that Institute by Heinz Billing in the early 1950s. During his stay in G¨ottingen, he collaborated with Martin Deutschmann who brought to the Fedaia observatory a multiplate cloud chamber2 and also established a relationship with Klaus Gottstein, who later led the Max Planck cosmic ray group and with whom he later collaborated in Berkeley. In 1956/57 he worked at the UCRL (University of California Radiation Laboratory) in Berkeley under the direction of Luis W. -
People and Things
People and things the detector so as not to interfere (below and page 1), Council Presi USSR Academy of Sciences with the detection of particles pro dent Josef Rembser announced duced in SLC's electron-positron that Federal German President Ri collisions. The USSR Academy of Sciences chard von Weizsàcker had Each section of the octagonal has elected CERN Director General awarded Schopper the Comman steel barrel surrounding the coil is a Carlo Rubbia, together with Sam der's Cross of the Order of Merit of weld-up of fourteen 5 cm-thick Ting, leader of the L3 experiment the Federal Republic of Germany steel plates with 2.5 cm gaps, each for CERN's new LEP electron-posi (Grosses Verdienstkreuz des Ver- pilled with flat limited-streamer tron collider, Wolfgang (Tief ) Pa- dienstordens der Bundesrepublik chambers to detect penetrating nofsky, former Director of SLAC, Deutschland). muons and measure remnants of and Zhou Guangzhao, Director of showers from the large liquid argon the Academia Sinica, Beijing, as calorimeter. This system together Foreign Members. with analogous components in the CERN elections and appointments two endcaps has already been in stalled. Once the large liquid argon calo At its meeting in December, CERN Honours for Schopper] rimeter is completely installed by Council elected A m finn Graue (Nor spring, the cylindrical shell of the way) as Chairman of Finance Com Cherenkov ring-imaging detector Former CERN Director General Her- mittee, replacing Jan Bezemer (Ne slides in, followed by the 2-metre wig Schopper has been awarded therlands). Georges Via nés (France) diameter central drift chamber.