2004 Annual Report I
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China Data Supplement
China Data Supplement October 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 29 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 36 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 45 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 54 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 61 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 66 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
Hong Kong SAR
China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com. -
Adaptive Fuzzy Pid Controller's Application in Constant Pressure Water Supply System
2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE 2010) Hangzhou, China 4-6 December 2010 Pages 1-774 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1076H-PRT ISBN: 978-1-4244-7616-9 1 / 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS ADAPTIVE FUZZY PID CONTROLLER'S APPLICATION IN CONSTANT PRESSURE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM..............................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Xiao Zhi-Huai, Cao Yu ZengBing APPLICATION OF OPC INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY IN SHEARER REMOTE MONITORING SYSTEM ...............................5 Ke Niu, Zhongbin Wang, Jun Liu, Wenchuan Zhu PASSIVITY-BASED CONTROL STRATEGIES OF DOUBLY FED INDUCTION WIND POWER GENERATOR SYSTEMS.................................................................................................................................................................................9 Qian Ping, Xu Bing EXECUTIVE CONTROL OF MULTI-CHANNEL OPERATION IN SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM..........................14 Li Tao, Hu Guangmin, Zhao Taiyin, Li Lei URBAN VEGETATION COVERAGE INFORMATION EXTRACTION BASED ON IMPROVED LINEAR SPECTRAL MIXTURE MODE.....................................................................................................................................................................18 GUO Zhi-qiang, PENG Dao-li, WU Jian, GUO Zhi-qiang ECOLOGICAL RISKS ASSESSMENTS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATIONS IN THE YANCHENG RED-CROWN CRANE NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE BY SUPPORT -
Elite Politics and the Fourth Generation of Chinese Leadership
Elite Politics and the Fourth Generation of Chinese Leadership ZHENG YONGNIAN & LYE LIANG FOOK* The personnel reshuffle at the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is widely regarded as the first smooth and peaceful transition of power in the Party’s history. Some China observers have even argued that China’s political succession has been institutionalized. While this paper recognizes that the Congress may provide the most obvious manifestation of the institutionalization of political succession, this does not necessarily mean that the informal nature of politics is no longer important. Instead, the paper contends that Chinese political succession continues to be dictated by the rule of man although institutionalization may have conditioned such a process. Jiang Zemin has succeeded in securing a legacy for himself with his “Three Represents” theory and in putting his own men in key positions of the Party and government. All these present challenges to Hu Jintao, Jiang’s successor. Although not new to politics, Hu would have to tread cautiously if he is to succeed in consolidating power. INTRODUCTION Although the 16th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Congress ended almost a year ago, the outcomes and implications of the Congress continue to grip the attention of China watchers, including government leaders and officials, academics and businessmen. One of the most significant outcomes of the Congress, convened in Beijing from November 8-14, 2002, was that it marked the first ever smooth and peaceful transition of power since the Party was formed more than 80 years ago.1 Neither Mao Zedong nor Deng Xiaoping, despite their impeccable revolutionary credentials, successfully transferred power to their chosen successors. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
The Stigma of Obesity
Social Psychology Quarterly 74(1) 76–97 The Stigma of Obesity: Ó American Sociological Association 2011 DOI: 10.1177/0190272511398197 Does Perceived Weight http://spq.sagepub.com Discrimination Affect Identity and Physical Health? Markus H. Schafer1 and Kenneth F. Ferraro1 Abstract Obesity is widely recognized as a health risk, but it also represents a disadvantaged social position. Viewing body weight within the framework of stigma and its effects on life chances, we examine how perceived weight-based discrimination influences identity and physical health. Using national survey data with a 10-year longitudinal follow-up, we consider whether perceptions of weight discrimination shape weight perceptions, whether perceived weight discrimination exacerbates the health risks of obesity, and whether weight perceptions are the mechanism explaining why perceived weight discrimination is damaging to health. Perceived weight discrimination is found to be harmful, increasing the health risks of obesity associated with functional disability and, to a lesser degree, self-rated health. Findings also reveal that weight-based stigma shapes weight perceptions, which mediate the relationship between perceived discrimination and health. Keywords obesity, stigma, discrimination, health The sense that one has been treated weight discrimination). Though less unfairly at work or in public places frequently studied, social reactions to can have negative consequences for body weight may be linked to opportu- sentiment and health. When discrimi- nity structures and personal well- nation is perceived to be related to being, but the mechanisms for how race or ethnicity (an ascribed status), this occurs are a matter of ongoing it is often viewed as an overt form of debate (Muennig 2008; Puhl and racism, initiating a stress process Brownell 2001). -
What Democracy Means in China After 30 Years of Reform
WHAT DEMOCRACY MEANS IN CHINA AFTER 30 YEARS OF REFORM ROUNDTABLE BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 22, 2009 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 51–188 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 17:42 Oct 28, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\51188.TXT DEIDRE CO N T E N T S Page Opening statement of Charlotte Oldham-Moore, Staff Director, Congressional- Executive Commission on China ........................................................................ 1 Grob, Douglas, Cochairman’s Senior Staff Member, Congressional-Executive Commission on China .......................................................................................... 2 Cheng, Li, Director of Research and Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, John L. Thornton China Center, Brookings Institution ............................................. 4 Manion, Melanie, Professor of Public Affairs and Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison .......................................................................................... 6 Liu, Yawei, Director, China Program, The Carter Center ................................... 9 Dickson, Bruce J., -
Doğu Türkistan'da Asimilasyon Ve Ayrımcılık
DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA ASİMİLASYON VE AYRIMCILIK Amine Tuna 2012 'RôX7UNLVWDQ¶GD $VLPLODV\RQYH$\UÔPFÔOÔN Yazan Amine Tuna Editör Ümmühan Özkan Ya\Ôna+azÔrOÔN .. ,++ ,nVani <aUGÔm 9akIÔ AUa÷WÔUma <a\ÔnOaU %iUimi ISBN 978-605-5260-01-9 1 %aVkÔ .aVÔm 2012 .aSaNYHSa\Ia'zHni M. Semih Taneri . ,++,QVDQL<DUGÔP9DNIÔ %u eVerin Wüm hakOarÔ mahIuzGur. <azarÔn Ye \a\ÔnFÔnÔn izni aOÔnmakVÔzÔn kiWaEÔn meWni herhanJi Eir IRrmGa \a\ÔmOanamaz kRS\aOanamaz Ye oRôaOWÔOamaz. AnFak ka\nak J|VWeriOerek aOÔnWÔ \aSÔOaEiOir. %ü\ük .araman &aG. Ta\OaVan SRk. 1R )aWih-,VWanEuO TeO 90 212 61 21 21 )akV 90 212 621 70 51 ZeE ZZZ.ihh.RrJ.Wr (-maiO inIR#ihh.RrJ.Wr 3eOikan %aVÔm MaWEaa Ye AmEaOaM San. TiF. /WG. öWi. .. MaOWeSe Mah. *ümü÷Vu\u &aG. 2Gin ,÷ Mrk. 1R.281 =e\WinEurnu-,VWanEuO DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA ASİMİLASYON VE AYRIMCILIK Amine Tuna 2012 İÇİNDEKİLER GİRİŞ .......................................................................................................... 9 1. Bölüm GENEL BİLGİLER .............................................................................. 15 Doğu Türkistan Kimlik Bilgileri ....................................................... 17 Coğrafi Özellikleri ve İklim Yapısı ....................................................18 Ekonomik Yapı .................................................................................. 20 Bingtuan .................................................................................... 24 Nüfus, Etnik Çeşitlilik ve Demografik Yapı ....................................27 Dil, Din ve Kültür ............................................................................. -
Analysis of Current Provincial Leaders Cheng Li
Li, China Leadership Monitor, No.7 Analysis of Current Provincial Leaders Cheng Li China has experienced a large-scale turnover in its national leadership, as demonstrated by the recently held 16th Party Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and 10th National People’s Congress (NPC). Less noted, but equally significant, is the rapid change of political elites at the level of provincial leadership. These two national institutions’ equivalents at the provincial level have also selected their top leaders during the past few months. An analysis of the elite change at the provincial level not only sheds valuable light on the relationship between the central and provincial governments, but also provides clues about the characteristics of future top national leaders. China’s provincial-level administrations enjoy more autonomy to advance their local economic interests today than at any other time in the past half century. The dynamic interaction between the need for national integration and the demand for regional autonomy has emerged as a central issue in Chinese politics. Furthermore, provincial leadership posts have become major stepping-stones to positions of national leadership during the past decade. For example, the percentage of 16th Politburo members with previous experience as top provincial leaders (deputy party secretaries, vice governors, or above) rose sharply over the last decade: from 55 percent in 1992 to 68 percent in 1997, and again to 83 percent by 2002.1 Thus, understanding the provincial leaders’ biographical backgrounds, tenure in office, political socialization, career patterns, and rate of reshuffling is essential to the study of Chinese politics. This study focuses on the 412 current top provincial leaders, a cluster of elites that includes all current provincial party secretaries, governors (or mayors of provincial-level administrations in the cities), deputy provincial party secretaries, and vice governors or vice mayors. -
Nr. 40 Vinter 2008
NR. 40 VINTER 2008 © Ellen Bangsbo KINABLADET NR. 40 VINTER 2009 KINABLADET KINABLADET NR. 40 udgives af Dansk-Kinesisk Forening og udkom- mer fire gange om året (marts, juni, september Tema: Tibet ......................................................................... 4 og december). Foreningens medlemmer får bla- Dondrup Gyal: Tibetansk digt, oversat af Ellen Bangsbo ............ 3 det tilsendt gratis. Et årsabonnement på bladet Kinesisk hvidbog: Kinas syn på Tibets kultur ............................. 5 uden medlemskab koster 200 kr. Flemming Ytzen: Kritik af Kinas Tibet-politik ..............................6 Kinabladet er medlem af Trine Brox: Beijings Tibet-problem ............................................ 7 Foreningen af Danske Kulturtidsskrifter. Xujyn Eberlein: Tibet på internet og i medierne ......................... 8 Flemming Poulsen: Lhasa 14. marts 2008 ................................10 Dansk-Kinesisk Forening er af Københavns Anders Højmark Andersen: Kampen om medierne ..................12 kommune godkendt som en folkeoplysende Amnestyleder i Deadline: Det vi ved er, at ..............................15 forening. Ellen Bangsbo: Tibets kultur mellem tradition og fornyelse .......17 Susan Aagaard Petersen: Mødet med Tibet og tibetanerne ..... ..21 Redaktion: Flemming Poulsen (ansvarshavende) Fresiavej 3, 3450 Allerød. Tlf. 4817 4409 Kinas udvikling og udfordring ........................................... 25 E-mail: [email protected] Hanna Leanderdal om kunstneren Yang Fudongs værker Mads Holst Jensen, Anette Kruse, -
A Comparative Labour Law Perspective on Categories of Appearance-Based Prejudice In
A COMPARATIVE LABOUR LAW PERSPECTIVE ON CATEGORIES OF APPEARANCE-BASED PREJUDICE IN EMPLOYMENT Damian John Viviers ___________________________________________________________________ A COMPARATIVE LABOUR LAW PERSPECTIVE ON CATEGORIES OF APPEARANCE-BASED PREJUDICE IN EMPLOYMENT by Damian John Viviers Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements in respect of the master‟s degree qualification Magister Legum, LL.M, in the Department of Mercantile Law, in the Faculty of Law at the UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE Supervisor: Dr D.M. Smit (University of the Free State) November 2014 Declaration I, Damian John Viviers, declare that the master‘s research dissertation (dissertation) that I herewith submit for the master‘s degree qualification Magister Legum, LL.M, at the University of the Free State, is my independent work and that I have not previously submitted it for a qualification at another institution of higher education. I, Damian John Viviers, hereby declare that I am aware that the copyright is vested in the University of the Free State. I, Damian John Viviers, hereby declare that all royalties as regards intellectual property that was developed during the course of and/or in connection with this study at the University of the Free State, will accrue to the University. I, Damian John Viviers, hereby declare that the research may only be published with the Dean‘s approval. ________________________ __________________ Signature Date Acknowledgements To my supervisor, Dr Denine Smit, thank you for your valuable guidance and insight, as well as your support, encouragement and willingness to always go above and beyond for me. My gratitude and appreciation can never be fully expressed. -
Mass Line Education Important Visits to Tibet S P E C I a L R E P O R T O N
August 2014 Special Report on TIBET Mass line Education Council for their concern and support for work in Tibet. TAR plans to deploy forces to actively Deng Xiaogang pointed out that ever since promote activities regarding mass line the liberation of Tibet, it has undergone education massive transformation. The policies of Xi 31 August Jinping have been a major force in The Party Committee of TAR convened a promoting scientific development, harmony Standing Committee meeting to convey the and stability, in improving the livelihood of importance of studying the speech delivered the people, safeguarding the unity among by Xi Jinping and the Henan Party the ethnic groups, protecting the ecological Committee reports on the activities that environment, and in strengthening the have been carried out regarding mass line building of the party. education, to deploy forces and practically Denx Xiaogang said the economy of Tibet promote activities for mass line education in is growing at a steady pace. The increase in the entire region. This speech of Xi Jinpin the income of farmers and the herdsmen was delivered at the Lankao County has been in double digits for the past 11 Committee. years, the efficiency of comprehensive social governance has improved, the mechanism for maintaining stability has further Important visits to Tibet improved, there has been overall harmony and stability in the society, social stability Deng Xiaogang meets Liu Shijin and his has been realised and Tibet is working hard entourage to reach the goal of becoming a well off August 31, 2014 society by 2020 along with the rest of the On 29 Deng Xiaogang (Secretary, Political nation.