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Indoeuropean, Armenian. Language Codes

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Indoeuropean, Armenian. Language Codes ARMENIAN, ARMENIO, ARMÉNIEN Language family: Indoeuropean, Armenian. Language codes: ISO 639-1 hy ISO 639-2 arm (B), hye (T) ISO 639-3 Variously: hye – Modern Armenian xcl – Classical Armenian axm – Middle Armenian Linguasphere: 57-AAA-a. Glottolog: arme1241 Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: Հայերեն Hayeren): armansjanki yazyk alt armenian [ARM]. armenian [ARM] hizk. Armenia; baita AEB, Azerbaidjan, Bulgaria, Egipto, Errusia (Europa), Estonia, Frantzia, Georgia, Grezia, Honduras, Hungaria, India, Iran, Irak, Israel, Jordania, Kanada, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Libano, Palestina, Siria, Tajikistan, , Turkia (Europa), Tirkmenistan, Ukraina, Uzbekistan eta Zipre ere. armjanski alt armenian [ARM]. ena alt armenian [ARM]. ermeni dili alt armenian [ARM]. ermenice alt armenian [ARM]. haieren alt armenian [ARM]. somkhuri alt armenian [ARM]. syria dial armenian [ARM]. syrien alt syria dial armenian [Arm]. ARMENIA armenian (haieren, somkhuri, ena, ermenice, ermeni dili, armjansky yazyk) [ARM] 3.197.000 hiztun (1993, Johnstore); SESB ohiko ama hizkuntza dute talde etnikoko % 91ek (1979ko errolda); herrialde guztietako populazio osoa 6.000.000 (1999, WA); herrialdeko alde guztietan; halaber mintzatua beste 29 herrialdetan, AEB, Azerbaidjan, Bulgaria, Egipto, Errusia (Europa), Estonia, Frantzia, Georgia, Grezia, Honduras, Hungaria, India, Iran, Irak, Israel, Jordania, Kanada, Kazakhstan, Kirgizia, Libano, Palestina, Siria, Tajikistan, Turkia (Europa), Tirkmenistan, Ukraina, Uzbekistan eta Zipre barne. Indo-European, Armenian. Dialektoak: eastern armenian, erevan (eriwan), tbilisi (tiflis), karabagh, shamakhi (schamachi), astrakhan (astrachan), dzhulfa (dschugha, dschulfa), agulis, khvoy-salmst (choi-salmst), urmia-maragheh (urmia-maragha), artvin (artwin), karin (erzurum, erzerum), mus (musch), van (wan), tigranakert (diyarbakir, diarbekir), kharberd (charberd, erzincan, erzenka), shabin-karahissar (schabin-karahissar), trabzon (trapezunt), hamshen (hamschen), malatya (malatia), kilikien, syria (syrien), arabkir, akn, sebaste, ewdokia (tokat), smyrna (izmir), north komedia, constantinople (konstantinopel, istanbul), rodosto, crimea (krim), ashkharik. Dialekto guztiak herrialde denetan normalki kontatzen da ulergarriak direla; errusiera Armeniako armeniarren % 30 bat; eastern armenian (ashkharik) Armenia, Turkia eta Iranen da mintzatua; hizkuntza nazionala; SVO; alfabeto bakarra. AZERBAIJAN armenian (haieren, somkhuri, ermenice, armjanski) [ARM] Nagomo-Karabakh erregioa. Indo-European, Armenian. Dialektoa: western armenian. Ikus sarrera nagusia Armenian. JORDANIA armenian [ARM] 8.000 hiztun (1971, The Armenian Review). Indo-European, Armenian. Dialektoa: western armenian. Ikus sarrera nagusia Armenian. Hizkuntza / lengua: armeniera / armenian / armenio / arménien. Hiztunak / hablantes (2001): 5.330.000 (Rafael del Moral). Herrialdea / país: Armenia (3.200.000), Georgia (370.000), Errusia (360.000), Azerbaijan (160.000), Iran (300.000), Siria (300.000), Jordania (50.000), Libano (210.000), Egipto (100.000), AEB (180.000).Garrantzizko komunitateak agertzen dira: Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Frantzia eta Turkian. HISTORIA. Lengua indoeuropea de orígenes inciertos y genéticamente aislada aunque muestra afinidades tanto con el HISTORIA. Jatorri ezezaguna duen indoeuropar hizkuntza da eta griego como con el persa y las lenguas indo-arias. Su identidad genetikoki isolatua, baina baditu ahaidetasunak grekoarekin eta indoeuropea ha sido ampliamente modificada por su convivencia pertsierarekin eta baita hizkuntza indo-ariarrekin ere. Bere con lenguas no indoeuropeas. Sus hablantes la llaman hayeren indoeuropartasuna asko aldatu du indoeuroparrak ez diren (Hayasdan es su país y ellos se designan hay). El nombre de hizkuntzen kontaktuak. Bere hiztunek hayeren deitzen diote Armenia se encuentra en textos persas y griegos del s. VI a. C. (Hayasdan da beren herrialdea eta eurak hay bezala deitzen dira).Armenia izena testu pertsiar eta grekoetan agertzen da K.a. VI. Existen datos para creer que la lengua oral pudo existir desde el m.an. segundo milenio a.C. y, tras un larguísimo periodo de formación del Bada daturik esateko armeniar mintzoa K.a. bi mila urte lehenago que se ignora casi todo, no la encontramos escrita hasta el s. V de bazela eta eratze-aldi luze baten ondoren, zeinaz ia ezer ez nuestra era. baitakigu, K.o. V. m.ra arte ez da ageri idatzirik. Armenia fue la prtimera nación que proclamó religión de estado al cristianismo en el año 327. La invención del alfabeto armenio Armenia izan zen lehen nazioa kristautasuna estatuaren erlijio permitió un siglo después la traducción de la Biblia y de los libros aldarrikatu zuena 327an. Armeniar alfabetoa asmatzeak posible egin sagrados, sustituyendo así las lenguas litúrgicas siria y griega. zuen mende bat geroago Biblia eta liburu sakratuak itzultzea, honela Los parecidos entre las voces más frecuentes del vocabulario persa siriera eta grekoa hizkuntza liturgikoak ordezkatuz. y del armenio son grandes, pero se enriquece también con Pertsiar hiztegiko eta armenierako hitzen arteko antza handia da, préstamos del árabe, del turco y un importante fondo de origen baina badu arabiera eta turkieratik jasotako mailegurik eta jatorri misterioso, resto, sin duda, de una lengua o familia de lenguas ezezaguneko fondo garrantzitsu bat, dudarik gabe gaur galduak anteriores hoy desaparecidas. Se calcula que el 40% de su léxico diren hizkuntzaren edo hizkuntza-familiaren baten hondakina. Uste está formado por préstamos. Se distingue entre el armenio da bere lexikoaren % 40 bat maileguz dagoela osatua. Bereizten dira occidental (en boca de los emigrados) y el oriental, que es el que mendebaldeko armeniera (emigratuek mintzatua) eta ekialdekoa, mantiene la tradición escrita. Los hablantes de ambas variedades tradizio idatzia mantendu duena.Bi aldaeren hiztunek ongi ulertzen entienden la que no les es propia. dute elkar. El pueblo armenio sufrió la invasión de los mongoles, seguida de la de los mamelucos en el s. XIV, pero el drama del genocidio armenio de 1915 a 1921 ha sido el episodio más trágico. Armeniar herriak mongolen inbasioa jasan zuen, gero mamelukoena Los textos más antiguos en armenio se remontan al año 405. El XIV. m.an, baina armeniar genozidioaren drama izugarria 1915etik primer periódico en armenio se publicó en Constantinopla en 1832. 1921 artekoa izan zen, bere episodiorik tragikoena. Armenieraz idatzitako testu zaharrenak 405ekoak dira. Lehenengo LENGUA. Principales características. egunkaria Konstantinoplan idatzi zen 1832an. Fonética. A) Su sistema fonológico muestra influencias de las lenguas del Cáucaso, en particular por la riqueza de los HIZKUNTZA. Ezaugarri nagusiak. consonantes. B) Su alfabeto comprende 32 consonantes y 6 Fonetika. A) Bere sistema fonologikoak Kaukasoko hizkuntzen vocales. eragina du, bereziki bere kontsonanteen aberastasunean. B) Morfosintaxis. A) No distingue género, aunque sí 2 números: Alfabetoak 32 kontsonante ditu eta 6 bokal. singular y plural. B) Los nombres se declinan en 4 casos: nominativo-acusativo, genitivo-dativo, ablativo e instrumental. El Morfosintaxia. A) Ez du generorik, baina bai bi numero: singular genitivo se coloca, como en inglés, antes del nombre. C) El artículo eta plurala. B) Izenek 4 kasu dituzte deklinabidean: nominatibo- aparece, como en su lengua vecina el búlgaro, al final de los akusatiboa, genitibo-datiboa, ablatiboa eta instrumentala. Genitiboa, nombres. D) El adjetivo es invariable. E) El acento recae casi ingelesez bezala, izenen ondoren jartzen da. C) Gertukoa duen regularmente en la última sílaba. F) El verbo del armenio clásico bulgarieran bezalaxe, artikulua izenen ondoren jartzen da. D) distinguía un tema de presente (aspecto imperfectivo) y un tema de Adjektiboa aldaezina da. E) Azentua ia beti azken silabak hartzen aoristo (aspecto perfectivo). Un prefijo señala el tiempo. Se coloca du. F) Armeniera klasikoko aditzak bereizten zituen orainaldiko tema tras el sujeto y antes de los complementos, pero puede ocupar (aspektu inperfektiboa) eta aoristoaren tema (aspektu perfektiboa). cualquier otra posición. G) Utiliza posposiciones y también Aurrizki batek seinalatzen du denbora. Subjektuaren ondoren eta preposiciones.H) Los 10 primeros números en armenio son: mek (1), osagaien aurrean jartzen da baina beste edozein leku har dezake. G) erkow (2), erek’ (3), čors (4), hing (5), vec’ (6), eõt’e (7), owt’e (8), Posposizioak eta preposizioak erabiltzen ditu. H) Hona hemen ine (9), tase (10). armenieraz lehenengo 10 zenbakiak: mek (1), erkow (2), erek’ (3), čors (4), hing (5), vec’ (6), eõt’e (7), owt’e (8), ine (9), tase (10). Idazkera. Armeniar alfabetoan idazten da. V. m.an Mesrop Mashtots monjeak asmatu zuen eta gaur arte iraun du ia ezertxo ere aldatu Escritura. Se escribe en alfabeto armenio. Fue inventado en el s. V gabe. Ezkerretik eskuinera idazten da eta baditu maiuskulak eta por el monje Mesrop Mashtots y ha sobrevivido casi intacto hasta minuskulak. hoy. Se escribe de izquierda a derecha y tiene mayúsculas y minúsculas. GRAMATIKAK, METODOAK, ESKULIBURUAK ARMENIERAZKO GRAMATIKA, 20x14, 287 or., 2004. EUSKAL GRAMATIKA LABURRA, Armenieraz, Vahan Sarkisian, 20,5x14, 256 or., Erevan, 2000. PARLONS ARMÉNIEN, Élisabeth Mouradian Venturini eta Michel Malherbe, Langue et Culture, L´Harmattan, gramatika eta hiztegia, 21,5x13,5, 339 or., Paris, 2007. SPOKEN EAST ARMENIAN, Spoken Language Services, Inc., Gordon H. Fairbanks eta Earl W. Stevick, 403 or., New York, 1989. HIZTEGIAK, LEXIKOAK EUSKERA-ARMENIERA, International Linguistic Academy, Vahan Sarkisian,
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