Language of Difference: Writing About Gender and Sexuality
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Elevated Physical Health Risk Among Gay Men Who Conceal Their Homosexual Identity
Health Psychology Copyright 1996 by the American Psychological As..q~ation, Inc. 1996, Vol. 15, No. 4, 243-251 0278-6133/96/$3.110 Elevated Physical Health Risk Among Gay Men Who Conceal Their Homosexual Identity Steve W. Cole, Margaret E. Kemeny, Shelley E. Taylor, and Barbara R. Visscher University of California, Los Angeles This study examined the incidence of infectious and neoplastic diseases among 222 HIV- seronegative gay men who participated in the Natural History of AIDS Psychosocial Study. Those who concealed the expression of their homosexual identity experienced a significantly higher incidence of cancer (odds ratio = 3.18) and several infectious diseases (pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and tuberculosis; odds ratio = 2.91) over a 5-year follow-up period. These effects could not be attributed to differences in age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, repressive coping style, health-relevant behavioral patterns (e.g., drug use, exercise), anxiety, depression, or reporting biases (e.g., negative affectivity, social desirability). Results are interpreted in the context of previous data linking concealed homosexual identity to other physical health outcomes (e.g., HIV progression and psychosomatic symptomatology) and theories linking psychological inhibition to physical illness. Key words: psychological inhibition, cancer, infectious diseases, homosexuality Since at least the second century AD, clinicians have noted Such results raise the possibility that any health risks associ- that inhibited psychosocial characteristics seem to be associ- ated with psychological inhibition may extend beyond the ated with a heightened risk of physical illness (Kagan, 1994). realm of emotional behavior to include the inhibition of Empirical research in this area has focused on inhibited nonemotional thoughts and other kinds of mental or social expression of emotions as a risk factor for the development of behaviors, experiences, and impulses. -
Identities That Fall Under the Nonbinary Umbrella Include, but Are Not Limited To
Identities that fall under the Nonbinary umbrella include, but are not limited to: Agender aka Genderless, Non-gender - Having no gender identity or no gender to express (Similar and sometimes used interchangeably with Gender Neutral) Androgyne aka Androgynous gender - Identifying or presenting between the binary options of man and woman or masculine and feminine (Similar and sometimes used interchangeably with Intergender) Bigender aka Bi-gender - Having two gender identities or expressions, either simultaneously, at different times or in different situations Fluid Gender aka Genderfluid, Pangender, Polygender - Moving between two or more different gender identities or expressions at different times or in different situations Gender Neutral aka Neutral Gender - Having a neutral gender identity or expression, or identifying with the preference for gender neutral language and pronouns Genderqueer aka Gender Queer - Non-normative gender identity or expression (often used as an umbrella term with similar scope to Nonbinary) Intergender aka Intergendered - Having a gender identity or expression that falls between the two binary options of man and woman or masculine and feminine Neutrois - Belonging to a non-gendered or neutral gendered class, usually but not always used to indicate the desire to hide or remove gender cues Nonbinary aka Non-binary - Identifying with the umbrella term covering all people with gender outside of the binary, without defining oneself more specifically Nonbinary Butch - Holding a nonbinary gender identity -
Gender Identity • Expression
In New York City, it’s illegal to discriminate on the basis of gender identity and gender expression in the workplace, in public spaces, and in housing. The NYC Commission on Human Rights is committed to ensuring that transgender and gender non-conforming New Yorkers are treated with dignity and respect and without threat of discrimination or harassment. This means individuals GENDER GENDER have the right to: • Work and live free from discrimination IDENTITY EXPRESSION and harassment due to their gender One's internal, External representations of gender as identity/expression. deeply-held sense expressed through, for example, one's EXPRESSION • Use the bathroom or locker room most of one’s gender name, pronouns, clothing, haircut, consistent with their gender identity as male, female, behavior, voice, or body characteristics. • and/or expression without being or something else Society identifies these as masculine required to show “proof” of gender. entirely. A transgender and feminine, although what is • Be addressed with their preferred person is someone considered masculine and feminine pronouns and name without being whose gender identity changes over time and varies by culture. required to show “proof” of gender. does not match Many transgender people align their • Follow dress codes and grooming the sex they were gender expression with their gender standards consistent with their assigned at birth. identity, rather than the sex they were gender identity/expression. assigned at birth. Courtesy 101: IDENTITY GENDER • If you don't know what pronouns to use, ask. Be polite and respectful; if you use the wrong pronoun, apologize and move on. • Respect the terminology a transgender person uses to describe their identity. -
LGBT Global Action Guide Possible
LGBT GLOBAL ACTION GUIDE UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST UNITED NATIONS OFFICE 777 UN Plaza, Suite 7G, New York, NY 10017 USA thanks The Unitarian Universalist United Nations Office wishes to thank the Arcus Foundation for its support which has made the research, writing UU-UNO Staff: and production of this LGBT Global Action Guide possible. While the UU-UNO was very active on the LGBT front in 2008, it was the Arcus Bruce F. Knotts Foundation grant, which began in 2009, that made it possible to Executive Director greatly enhance our LGBT advocacy at the United Nations and to far more effectively engage Unitarian Universalists and our friends in the Celestine Cox Office Coordinator work to end the horrible oppression (both legal and extra-legal) which governments allow and/or promote against people because of their Holly Sarkissian sexual orientation and gender identity. Envoy Outreach Coordinator It is our hope that this guide will prepare you to combat the ignorance Marilyn Mehr that submits to hate and oppression against people not for what they Board President have done, but for who they are. All oppression based on identity (racial, gender, ethnic, sexual orientation, religion, etc.) must end. Many Authors: hands and minds went into the production of this guide. In addition to the Arcus Foundation support, I want to acknowledge the staff, board, Diana Sands interns and friends of the Unitarian Universalist United Nations Office who made this guide possible. I want to acknowledge the work done Geronimo Desumala by the UU-UNO LGBT Associate, Diana Sands, LGBT Fellow Geronimo Margaret Wolff Desumala, III, LGBT intern Margaret Wolff, UU-UNO Board President, Marilyn Mehr, Ph.D., there are many more who should be thanked; Contributors: people who work at the UU-UNO and those who work with us. -
Gay and Bisexual Health Care
Get the Facts... LGBT VETERAN HEALTH CARE Male Veterans: Gay and Bisexual Health Care Gay and bisexual Veterans face increased health risks and unique challenges in accessing quality health care. There are an estimated 1 million lesbian, gay, and bisexual Veterans in the United States. Many of these Veterans may receive care at the VHA. We are working to be a national leader in health care for LGBT Veterans and assure that high-quality care is provided in a sensitive, respectful environment at VHAs nationwide. The following is a list of the top things gay and bisexual male Veterans should discuss at their VHA visits. 1. COME OUT TO YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER 3. SUBSTANCE USE/ALCOHOL In order to provide you with the best care possible, your Heavy drinking and substance use are common among VHA doctor should know you are gay or bisexual. It should gay and bisexual men. Alcohol and drug misuse can lead to prompt him/her to ask specific questions about you and serious health, relationship, employment, and legal problems. offer appropriate health screens. If your provider does not Problems with drinking or drug use may occur in response to seem comfortable with you as a gay or bisexual man, ask stress, and/or in combination with PTSD, depression, or other for another VHA provider. Coming out to your providers is medical conditions. Fortunately, there are proven methods to an important step to being healthy. For frequently asked help Veterans recover from alcohol or drug misuse, including questions about privacy, see Your Privacy Matters on page 3. -
Evolutionary Models for Male Androphilia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OPUS: Open Uleth Scholarship - University of Lethbridge Research Repository University of Lethbridge Research Repository OPUS http://opus.uleth.ca Theses Arts and Science, Faculty of 2011 Evolutionary models for male androphilia Forrester, Deanna L Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, 2011 http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2631 Downloaded from University of Lethbridge Research Repository, OPUS EVOLUTIONARY MODELS FOR MALE ANDROPHILIA DEANNA L. FORRESTER Bachelor of Arts (Honours), Grant MacEwan University, 2009 A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (Psychology) Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA © Deanna L. Forrester, 2011 i ABSTRACT Evolutionary Models for Male Androphilia Androphilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to adult males, whereas gynephilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to adult females. Prehistoric artifacts such as art and pottery indicate that male-male same sex behaviour has existed for millennia. Bearing this in mind, and considering that male androphilia has a genetic component yet androphilic males reproduce at a fraction of the rate than do gynephilic males, how the genes for male androphilia have been maintained in the population presents an evolutionary puzzle. This thesis tests two hypotheses that attempt to address this Darwinian paradox. Chapter one reviews the current literature on the kin selection hypothesis and the sexually antagonistic gene hypothesis. In addition, rationales for testing these hypotheses in Canada are provided. Chapter two tests the kin selection hypothesis for male androphilia within a Canadian population. -
Quick Guide to the Criminalization of Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming People
Quick Guide to the Criminalization of Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming People Transgender and gender non-conforming people are over-represented in the criminal legal system due to institutionalized oppression and increased poverty and criminalization. Trans and gender non-conforming people, especially trans and gender non-conforming people of color, face intersectional barriers to education, housing, employment, and medical care resulting in vulnerability and a constant fight for social and political resources. These barriers are further increased as a result of intersectional oppression including: racism, sexism, transphobia, homophobia, classism, ableism, and ageism. Barriers to Education Many trans and gender non-conforming people drop out of school due to harassment and discrimination suffered at all levels of education. Schools are also highly gendered spaces. Students are forced to use gendered bathrooms and locker rooms where they are frequently subjected to violence and persecution. This harassment and discrimination is frequently unchecked by school administration and educators. Mandatory trainings are not in place for young people and many jurisdictions do not have laws in place requiring schools to educate faculty, staff, and students about LGBT issues. Additionally, issues often arise for trans and gender non-conforming individuals who do not have matching identity documents, which can limit access to higher education. For transpeople with criminal convictions that limit name changes, this issue is further exacerbated. Barriers to Housing Trans and gender non-conforming people, especially young people, are disproportionally represented in homeless and street-based communities. Many people are kicked out of their homes for being transgender or gender non-conforming. All too often young transpeople are forced to run away from foster care due to sex-segregated group homes and/or unsafe family placements where they are subjected to abuse, harassment, and discrimination. -
Individual Differences in the Biological Basis of Androphilia in Mice And
Hormones and Behavior 111 (2019) 23–30 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Hormones and Behavior journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yhbeh Review article Individual differences in the biological basis of androphilia in mice and men T ⁎ Ashlyn Swift-Gallant Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: For nearly 60 years since the seminal paper from W.C Young and colleagues (Phoenix et al., 1959), the principles Androphilia of sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior have maintained that female-typical sexual behaviors (e.g., Transgenic mice lordosis) and sexual preferences (e.g., attraction to males) are the result of low androgen levels during devel- Androgen opment, whereas higher androgen levels promote male-typical sexual behaviors (e.g., mounting and thrusting) Sexual behavior and preferences (e.g., attraction to females). However, recent reports suggest that the relationship between Sexual preferences androgens and male-typical behaviors is not always linear – when androgen signaling is increased in male Sexual orientation rodents, via exogenous androgen exposure or androgen receptor overexpression, males continue to exhibit male- typical sexual behaviors, but their sexual preferences are altered such that their interest in same-sex partners is increased. Analogous to this rodent literature, recent findings indicate that high level androgen exposure may contribute to the sexual orientation of a subset of gay men who prefer insertive anal sex and report more male- typical gender traits, whereas gay men who prefer receptive anal sex, and who on average report more gender nonconformity, present with biomarkers suggestive of low androgen exposure. -
Understanding Issues Facing Bisexual Americans
UNDERSTANDING ISSUES FACING BISEXUAL AMERICANS This report was authored by: 2 MAP thanks the following funders, without Movement Advancement Project whom this report would not have been possible. The Movement Advancement Project (MAP) is an independent think tank that provides rigorous David Bohnett Foundation research, insight and analysis that help speed equality David Dechman for LGBT people. MAP works collaboratively with David Geffen Foundation LGBT organizations, advocates and funders, providing Ford Foundation information, analysis and resources that help coordinate Gill Foundation and strengthen their efforts for maximum impact. MAP Esmond Harmsworth also conducts policy research to inform the public and Jim Hormel policymakers about the legal and policy needs of LGBT Johnson Family Foundation people and their families. Amy Mandel and Katina Rodis Weston Milliken BiNetUSA Kevin J. Mossier Foundation BiNet USA is America’s civil-rights & advocacy group for The Palette Fund all bisexual, fluid, pansexual & queer-identified people Mona Pittenger and their families, friends & allies. H. van Ameringen Foundation Sara Whitman Bisexual Resource Center Founded in 1985, the Bisexual Resource Center is the oldest national bisexual organization in the U.S. that advocates for bisexual visibility and raises awareness about bisexuality throughout the LGBT and straight communities. The BRC envisions a world where love is celebrated, regardless of sexual orientation or gender expression. Photos from Twitter project #WhatBiLooksLike About this report: (from left to right): The series of publications that includes UNDERSTANDING Top row: @revjanetedwards, Sara Chittenden & Kara Issues Facing LGBT Americans is a primer that introduces Kuhn, @siniharakka the major areas in which LGBT Americans face legal barriers to fully participating in life and provides a Middle row: Martha and Sarah – © Iris Jastram 2014, summary of what advocates are doing to work for Alejandro Montaño, ___ change. -
Terminology Packet
This symbol recognizes that the term is a caution term. This term may be a derogatory term or should be used with caution. Terminology Packet This is a packet full of LGBTQIA+ terminology. This packet was composed from multiple sources and can be found at the end of the packet. *Please note: This is not an exhaustive list of terms. This is a living terminology packet, as it will continue to grow as language expands. This symbol recognizes that the term is a caution term. This term may be a derogatory term or should be used with caution. A/Ace: The abbreviation for asexual. Aesthetic Attraction: Attraction to someone’s appearance without it being romantic or sexual. AFAB/AMAB: Abbreviation for “Assigned Female at Birth/Assigned Male at Birth” Affectionional Orientation: Refers to variations in object of emotional and sexual attraction. The term is preferred by some over "sexual orientation" because it indicates that the feelings and commitments involved are not solely (or even primarily, for some people) sexual. The term stresses the affective emotional component of attractions and relationships, including heterosexual as well as LGBT orientation. Can also be referred to as romantic orientation. AG/Aggressive: See “Stud” Agender: Some agender people would define their identity as not being a man or a woman and other agender people may define their identity as having no gender. Ally: A person who supports and honors sexual diversity, acts accordingly to challenge homophobic, transphobic, heteronormative, and heterosexist remarks and behaviors, and is willing to explore and understand these forms of bias within themself. -
Genders & Sexualities Terms
GENDERS & SEXUALITIES TERMS All terms should be evaluated by your local community to determine what best fits. As with all language, the communities that utilize these and other words may have different meanings and reasons for using different terminology within different groups. Agender: a person who does not identify with a gender identity or gender expression; some agender-identifying people consider themselves gender neutral, genderless, and/or non- binary, while some consider “agender” to be their gender identity. Ally/Accomplice: a person who recognizes their privilege and is actively engaged in a community of resistance to dismantle the systems of oppression. They do not show up to “help” or participate as a way to make themselves feel less guilty about privilege but are able to lean into discomfort and have hard conversations about being held accountable and the ways they must use their privilege and/or social capital for the true liberation of oppressed communities. Androgynous: a person who expresses or presents merged socially-defined masculine and feminine characteristics, or mainly neutral characteristics. Asexual: having a lack of (or low level of) sexual attraction to others and/or a lack of interest or desire for sex or sexual partners. Asexuality exists on a spectrum from people who experience no sexual attraction nor have any desire for sex, to those who experience low levels of sexual attraction and only after significant amounts of time. Many of these different places on the spectrum have their own identity labels. Another term used within the asexual community is “ace,” meaning someone who is asexual. -
1 Introducing LGBTQ Psychology
1 Introducing LGBTQ psychology Overview * What is LGBTQ psychology and why study it? * The scientific study of sexuality and ‘gender ambiguity’ * The historical emergence of ‘gay affirmative’ psychology * Struggling for professional recognition and challenging heteronormativity in psychology What is LGBTQ psychology and why study it? For many people it is not immediately obvious what lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer (LGBTQ) psychology is (see the glossary for defini- tions of words in bold type). Is it a grouping for LGBTQ people working in psychology? Is it a branch of psychology about LGBTQ people? Although LGBTQ psychology is often assumed to be a support group for LGBTQ people working in psychology, it is in fact the latter: a branch of psychology concerned with the lives and experiences of LGBTQ people. Sometimes it is suggested that this area of psychology would be more accurately named the ‘psychology of sexuality’. Although LGBTQ psychology is concerned with sexuality, it has a much broader focus, examining many different aspects of the lives of LGBTQ people including prejudice and discrimination, parenting and families, and com- ing out and identity development. One question we’re often asked is ‘why do we need a separate branch of psychology for LGBTQ people?’ There are two main reasons for this: first, as we discuss in more detail below, until relatively recently most psychologists (and professionals in related disciplines such as psychiatry) supported the view that homosexuality was a mental illness. ‘Gay affirmative’ psychology, as this area was first known in the 1970s, developed to challenge this perspective and show that homosexuals are psychologically healthy, ‘normal’ individuals.