DOCSLIB.ORG

Movement, Liminality, and Ritual in the Southern Levantine Drylands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Movement, Liminality, and Ritual in the Southern Levantine Drylands Connectivity on the Edge of Empire: Movement, Liminality, and Ritual in the Southern Levantine Drylands By Andrea M. Creel A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Benjamin W. Porter, Co-Chair Professor Marian H. Feldman, Co-Chair Professor Aaron Brody Professor Rosemary S. Joyce Summer 2017 Abstract Connectivity on the Edge of Empire: Movement, Liminality, and Ritual in the Southern Levantine Drylands by Andrea M. Creel Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Benjamin W. Porter, Co-Chair Professor Marian H. Feldman, Co-Chair In the ancient Near East, the Sinai, the Negev, southern Jordan and northwestern Arabia constituted a marginal and peripheral landscape, a liminal land considered both lifeless and teeming with fantastic creatures and divine powers. However, the position of this region between the more populated areas of Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and the Arabian Peninsula marked this landscape as a crossroads for materials and people, a movement of phenomena perpetuated mainly by local mobile pastoral communities. As such, roadside ritual comprised a major expression and practice of multiple ideologies about the land from earliest times. Sites of ritual along roadsides harnessed a variety of overlapping and intersecting senses of liminality, the potency and danger of being inbetween, to lay claim to the land and offer protection against human and suprahuman dangers. In this context, roadside ritual sites operated as confluences of interaction for multiple communities and religious traditions in this region. The ways in which these communities understood and experienced this landscape often drastically differed, and the interaction of these communities generated new and distinct ways of seeing. This dissertation utilizes textual, ethnographic, and archaeological materials to explore these phenomena in the sixth through the first millennium BCE, with a focus on the early first millennium BCE. This period sees the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in ancient Iraq, which came to dominate much of the ancient Near East in the ninth, eighth, and seventh centuries BCE. Imperial domination inscribed the land with new settlement patterns, monumental architecture, and fortifications that recursively interacted with the ancient meshworks of pilgrimage, subsistence, memory, and liminality already engraved within the landscape. Two ritual sites, Kuntillet ʾAjrûd in the northeastern Sinai (eighth century BCE) and Ḥorvat Qitmit in the northern Negev (seventh century BCE) act as case studies that both manifest these ancient traditions of movement and interaction and presage their acute intensification in later Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, and Ottoman contexts. 1 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... iv Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 I.I. Methodologies ........................................................................................... 4 I.II. Terminologies and Topographies ............................................................... 5 I.III. (Re)modeling the Iron Age II Southern Levantine Drylands ..................... 7 I.IV. (Re)modeling Kuntillet ʾAjrûd and Ḥorvat Qitmit .................................. 10 I.V.I. Kuntillet ʾAjrûd .............................................................................. 11 I.IV.II. Ḥorvat Qitmit .............................................................................. 13 I.V. Mapping the Terrain ................................................................................. 15 Chapter 1: Methodological Movements in the Southern Levantine Drylands ........ 18 1.1. Contouring, Intersecting, Entangling, Embodying, Tacking .................. 19 1.2. The Contours of Religion and Ritual ....................................................... 23 1.3. The Contours of Landscape and Liminality ............................................. 27 1.4. The Contours of Memory and Materiality ............................................... 35 1.5. Ritual on the Rural Road – (Re)Envisioning Memory, Materiality, Landscape, and Entangled Liminalities in the Southern Levantine Drylands .................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 2: Strangers in a Strange Land – Ways of Seeing and Intra-action in the Southern Levantine Drylands ................................................................ 44 2.1. (Re)Defining the Land ............................................................................. 44 2.2. (Out)Sourcing the Land ............................................................................ 49 2.2.1. Egypt .............................................................................................. 49 2.2.2. Assyria ........................................................................................... 51 2.2.3. Hebrew Bible ................................................................................. 52 2.3. (Mis)Perceiving the Land ......................................................................... 53 i 2.3.1. Egypt .............................................................................................. 53 2.3.2. Assyria ........................................................................................... 58 2.3.3. Hebrew Bible ................................................................................. 60 2.4. (Un)Peopling the Land ............................................................................. 64 2.4.1. Egypt .............................................................................................. 65 2.4.2. Assyria ........................................................................................... 67 2.4.3. Hebrew Bible ................................................................................. 68 2.5. Strange Ways of Seeing the Strange Land ............................................... 70 Chapter 3: Contextualizing a Palimpsest Landscape – Meshworks and Networks in the Southern Levantine Drylands .......................................................... 73 3.1. Meshworking and Networking ................................................................. 74 3.2. Meshworking the Visible Past –Visibility, Landscape, and Memory in the Southern Levantine Drylands ................................................................... 75 3.2.1. A Meshwork of Pilgrimage ........................................................... 76 3.2.2. Egypt in the Meshwork of Pilgrimage .......................................... 83 3.4. Networks within Meshworks – Regionalism in a Marginal Landscape .. 88 3.5 Networking at Nodes – Gateway Cities and Senses of Movement in the Southern Levantine Drylands ................................................................... 92 3.5.1. Tel Arad (Tell ʿArad) .................................................................... 94 3.5.2. Tel Masos (Khirbet el-Mashash) ................................................... 97 3.6. Contextualizing the Palimpsest Landscape – Senses of Liminality in a Landscape of Movement ........................................................................ 103 Chapter 4: Ritual on the Rural Road – Empire, Connectivity, and Senses of Liminality in the Late Iron II Southern Levantine Drylands ............... 105 4.1. The Meshwork of Empire ....................................................................... 106 4.2. Networking Communities ina Landscape of Movement ....................... 111 4.3. Networking at Ritual Nodes ................................................................... 113 4.3.1. Kuntillet ʾAjrûd ........................................................................... 114 4.3.1.1. Building B ..................................................................... 115 4.3.1.2. Building A .................................................................... 118 ii 4.3.1.3. Kuntillet ʾAjrûd as a Ritual Node in a Landscape of Movement ..................................................................... 132 4.3.2. Ḥorvat Qitmit ............................................................................... 135 4.3.2.1. The Large and Small Enclosures ................................... 136 4.3.2.2. Complex A .................................................................... 136 4.3.2.3. Complex B ..................................................................... 140 4.3.2.4. Favissa (?) ...................................................................... 142 4.3.2.5. Ḥorvat Qitmit as a Ritual Node in a Landscape of Movement ..................................................................... 142 4.4. On the Road at Kuntillet ʾAjrûd and Ḥorvat Qitmit Community, Liminality, and Empire in the Late Iron II Southern Levantine Drylands ................................................................................ 145 Conclusion ............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Immigrant Fiction, Religious Ritual, and the Politics of Liminality, 1899-1939
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2008 Rights of Passage: Immigrant Fiction, Religious Ritual, and the Politics of Liminality, 1899-1939 Laura Patton Samal University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Samal, Laura Patton, "Rights of Passage: Immigrant Fiction, Religious Ritual, and the Politics of Liminality, 1899-1939. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2008. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/343 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Laura Patton Samal entitled "Rights of Passage: Immigrant Fiction, Religious Ritual, and the Politics of Liminality, 1899-1939." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in English. Mary E. Papke, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Thomas Haddox, Carolyn R. Hodges, Charles Maland Accepted for
    [Show full text]
  • Highland Games. Kilts Galore. Help: Graduating
    THEFriday, October 10, 2014 - Volume 61.5 14049 Scenic Highway,BAGPIPE Lookout Mountain, Georgia, 30750 www.bagpipeonline.com Burning at Help: Graduating and the Stage Highland Games. Kilts Galore. Headed into Law BY KRISITE JAYA BY MARK MAKKAR Burning at the Stage took place Life after Covenant can either be on Thursday (10/3) night. The exciting or foreboding, but hear- Overlook was crowded with music ing from people who are already performances, friends huddling there always helps in lighting the around straw-bales, and marshmal- path that is to come. During the lows roasting atop fire pits. Alumni Law Career Panel, organized by who happened to be in town for the Center for Calling & Career, Homecoming contributed to the students listened to three Covenant festivities, exchanging squeals and alumni who have pursued work in hugs with familiar faces. The event, the field of law since graduating. according to the Senior Class Dr. Richard R. Follet introduced Cabinet member Sam Moreland, the meeting by stating that “Cov- “has taken different forms over the enant has a list of 60 graduates that years, but tends to have the ele- have gone into some kind of law ments of music, the Overlook, fire after graduating from Covenant.” and s’mores, and relaxed fellowship Three of them were able to make as commonalities.” it to the Panel. Josh Reif, John Many have long associated the Huisman, and Pete Johnson shared event with the Homecoming tradi- stories about when they were at tion, but Burning at the Stage is an BYGARRET SISSON Around 150 people attended was featured as the announcer.
    [Show full text]
  • Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
    Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Liminality and Transgression: Experimental Voice in Avant-Garde Performance
    BETWEEN LIMINALITY AND TRANSGRESSION: EXPERIMENTAL VOICE IN AVANT-GARDE PERFORMANCE _________________________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theatre and Film Studies in the University of Canterbury by Emma Johnston ______________________ University of Canterbury 2014 ii Abstract This thesis explores the notion of ‘experimental voice’ in avant-garde performance, in the way it transgresses conventional forms of vocal expression as a means of both extending and enhancing the expressive capabilities of the voice, and reframing the social and political contexts in which these voices are heard. I examine these avant-garde voices in relation to three different liminal contexts in which the voice plays a central role: in ritual vocal expressions, such as Greek lament and Māori karanga, where the voice forms a bridge between the living and the dead; in electroacoustic music and film, where the voice is dissociated from its source body and can be heard to resound somewhere between human and machine; and from a psychoanalytic perspective, where the voice may bring to consciousness the repressed fears and desires of the unconscious. The liminal phase of ritual performance is a time of inherent possibility, where the usual social structures are inverted or subverted, but the liminal is ultimately temporary and conservative. Victor Turner suggests the concept of the ‘liminoid’ as a more transgressive alternative to the liminal, allowing for permanent and lasting social change. It may be in the liminoid realm of avant-garde performance that voices can be reimagined inside the frame of performance, as a means of exploring new forms of expression in life.
    [Show full text]
  • Newly Betwixt and Between: Revising Liminality in the Context of a Teacher Preparation Program Alison Cook-Sather Bryn Mawr College, [email protected]
    Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College Education Program Faculty Research and Education Program Scholarship 2006 Newly Betwixt and Between: Revising Liminality in the Context of a Teacher Preparation Program Alison Cook-Sather Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/edu_pubs Part of the Education Commons Custom Citation Cook-Sather, Alison, “Newly Betwixt and Between: Revising Liminality in the Context of a Teacher Preparation Program,” Anthropology and Education Quarterly 37 (2006): 110-127. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. http://repository.brynmawr.edu/edu_pubs/9 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Newly Betwixt and Between: Revising Liminality in Learning to Teach. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 37, 2 (June 2006), 110-127. Alison Cook-Sather Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Abstract Through an analysis of a contemporary rite of passage—the final stage of teacher preparation— the author develops a new theory of liminality that both builds on and extends Victor Turner’s enduring insights. The analysis focuses on how pre-service teachers in an undergraduate education program engage in a process of identity formation within an asynchronous, non- dimensional liminal space made possible and shaped by email and with the support of experienced mentor teachers. Key Words: liminal, transition, teacher preparation, identity formation, self “Betwixt and between” is a phrase Victor Turner used to capture the essence of his theory of “liminality,” a central feature of the framework he developed in the late 1960s to analyze rites of passage within tribal, sociocultural systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Symbolism of the Ibex Motif in Negev Rock Art
    Supplementary Information SI Fig. 1. Male ibex on the cliffs of the Ramon Crater, central Negev highlands (Photograph by U. Avner, 2012). SI Fig. 2. Ibex hunting scenes in neighboring deserts: A. Sakaka, Sa‘udi ‘Arabia (‘Abdul Nayeem 2002:202), B. Najran, Sa‘udi ‘Arabia (courtesy of Christian Robin), C. Wadi Abu-Qwei, Eastern desert, Egypt, late Predynastic (Redford & Redford 1989:13, c.f. Morrow et al. 2010:218), D. Wadi Abu-Wasil, Eastern desert, Egypt (Morrow et al. 2010:189). SI Fig. 3. Ibex with dogs and hunters in Near Eastern art: A. Susa, Iran ca. 4000 BC. (Clark 2001:69), B. Iran, ca. 800 BC (Kist et al. 2003: Fig. 11), C. Saqqara, Egypt, ca. 2320 BC. (Malek 2001:83), D. Hierakonopolis, Egypt, ca. 2990 BC, lower part of palette (Malek 2001:32, Ashmolean E.3924). SI Fig. 4. Saving the ibex: A. Achaemenid seal impression, Persepolis, ca. 600 BC (Root 2002:182), B. Mesopotamian seal impression, ca. 4th millennium BC (Amiet 1961: No. 698). C. Dilmun, Ba rain (Højland et al. 2005: Fig. 17). ḥ SI Fig. 5. Seal impressions with ibex up and down: A. Akkad, ca.1800 BC, (Hartner 1965: Fig. 25), B-D. Cyprus, ca.1600 BC (Kenna 1967: Figs. 15, 28, 29). SI Fig. 6. Metal object from Nabataean temple at Jebel Serbal, Sinai, 1st century BC-3rd century AD (Avner in press: Fig. 13). SI Fig. 7. Susa, Iranian bowl, ca. 3400 BC (Pope & Ackerman 1938: Pl. 3c). SI Fig. 8. Ibex with celestial symbols: A. Ramat Matred, central Negev Highlands, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Liminal to Liminoid in Play, Flow, and Ritual: an Essay in Comparative
    LIMINAL TO LIMINOID, IN PLAY, FLOW, AND RITUAL: AN ESSAY IN COMPARATIVE SYMBOLOGY by Victor Turner First I will describe what 1 mean by "comparative symbology" and how, in a broad way, it differs from such disciplines as "semiotics" (or "semiology") and "symbolic anthropology," which are also concerned with the study of such terms as symbols, signs, signals, significations, icons, signifiers, signi- fied~,sign-vehicles, and so on. Here, I want to discuss some of the types of sociocultural processes and settings in which new symbols, verbal and non- verbal, tend to be generated. This will lead me into a comparison of "liminal" and "liminoid" phenomena, terms which 1 will consider shortly. According to Josiah Webster's lexicographical progeny, the people who produced the second College edition of Webster's New World Dictionary, "symbology" is "the study or interpretation of symbols"; it is also "repre- sentation or expression by means of symbols." The term "comparative" merely means that this branch of study involves comparison as a method, as does, for example, comparative linguistics. Comparative symbology is narrower than "semiotics" or "semiology" (to use Saussure's and Roland Barthes's terms), and wider than "symbolic anthropology" in range and scope of data and problems. "Semiotics" is "a general theory of signs and symbols, especially, the analysis of the nature and relationship of signs in language, usually including three branches, syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics." 1) Syntactics: The formal relationships of signs and symbols to one an- other apart from their users or external reference; the organization and relationship of groups, phrases, clauses, sentences, and sentence structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Tharunka for 2014
    Week 13 - Week 14, Semester 2, 2014 First Published 1953 Volume 60, No. 14 University of NSW’s Independent Student Newspaper 2 EDITORIAL UNSW Tyree Energy Technologies Building Roof Solar Panels Image credit: Neerav Bhatt Editorial: A letter to the present and future Vice-Chancellors of UNSW Welcome to the last issue of Tharunka for 2014. Professor Hilmer has repeatedly refused to take a stand been a selfish Vice-Chancellor, and this University will In more ways than one, it’s the end of an era for on fossil fuel divestment, even as the Australian Na- not miss you. UNSW, as we bid farewell to outgoing Vice-Chancellor, tional University made international headlines with its The incoming Vice-Chancellor, Professor Ian Jacobs Professor Fred Hilmer, who will retire in early 2015 af- decision to stop investing in energy companies which of the University of Manchester, now has the opportu- are slowly corroding our planet. ter spending nine years in the top job at UNSW, seeing nity to show leadership in shaping a truly collaborative UNSW invests $50 million in fossil fuel stocks his salary rise above $1 million a year in the process. University that undertakes real consultation with its around the globe, $44 million of which is invested in What is remarkable about his tenure at UNSW is largest stakeholder: students. Australian equities. Universities occupy a unique role that Professor Hilmer was appointed to the role with Professor Jacobs, the tenure of your predecessor has as the progenitors of innovation and advancements in the business acumen of having been at the helm of a shown that UNSW is an institution that can weather society, and UNSW itself is a world leader in renewable major Australian company, Fairfax, during it’s slow and the strongest of mismanagement storms.
    [Show full text]
  • Liminality, Anthropology, and the Global Organization
    Liminality, Anthropology, and the Global Organization Julia C. Gluesing Abstract Page 1 of 22 Turner described liminality as a “realm of pure possibility” that can give JBA Special Issue 2: rise to novel configurations of ideas within a ritual framework, while 13-34, Spring 2016 Bourdieu referred to liminality as a “space of possibles.” One of the © The Author(s) 2016 greatest challenges managers and their employees face in multinational ISSN 2245-4217 enterprises that cross multiple boundaries is the increased complexity www.cbs.dk/jba brought about by ambiguity, multiplicity, interdependence, and constant, rapid change. Working in global organizations means operating simultaneously in multiple contexts. Anthropologists can make a contribution to an understanding of global work by managing ambiguity and crossing boundaries; by living and working liminally―something acquired in both anthropological training and through experience; and by bringing creativity to the forefront to foster global understanding. Keywords Global organization, complexity, ambiguity, change, multinationals, boundary-crossing, liminality Journal of Business Anthropology, Special Issue 2, Spring 2016 Introduction In a 2010 IBM study involving face-to-face interviews with more than 1,500 CEOs around the globe, a consistent theme emerged: the challenge posed by a rapid escalation in complexity. In a world with an unprecedented level of interconnection and interdependence, issues like global warming and climate change, access to clean water, the potential for disease to rapidly spread, and the vulnerability of our infrastructures to breakdown, keep leaders awake at night. In his introduction to the study report, then Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer of IBM Samuel J.
    [Show full text]
  • Society for Ethnomusicology 58Th Annual Meeting Abstracts
    Society for Ethnomusicology 58th Annual Meeting Abstracts Sounding Against Nuclear Power in Post-Tsunami Japan examine the musical and cultural features that mark their music as both Marie Abe, Boston University distinctively Jewish and distinctively American. I relate this relatively new development in Jewish liturgical music to women’s entry into the cantorate, In April 2011-one month after the devastating M9.0 earthquake, tsunami, and and I argue that the opening of this clergy position and the explosion of new subsequent crises at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in northeast Japan, music for the female voice represent the choice of American Jews to engage an antinuclear demonstration took over the streets of Tokyo. The crowd was fully with their dual civic and religious identity. unprecedented in its size and diversity; its 15 000 participants-a number unseen since 1968-ranged from mothers concerned with radiation risks on Walking to Tsuglagkhang: Exploring the Function of a Tibetan their children's health to environmentalists and unemployed youths. Leading Soundscape in Northern India the protest was the raucous sound of chindon-ya, a Japanese practice of Danielle Adomaitis, independent scholar musical advertisement. Dating back to the late 1800s, chindon-ya are musical troupes that publicize an employer's business by marching through the From the main square in McLeod Ganj (upper Dharamsala, H.P., India), streets. How did this erstwhile commercial practice become a sonic marker of Temple Road leads to one main attraction: Tsuglagkhang, the home the 14th a mass social movement in spring 2011? When the public display of merriment Dalai Lama.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwest Plant Names and Symbols for Ecosystem Inventory and Analysis Fourth Edition
    USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-46 1976 NORTHWEST PLANT NAMES AND SYMBOLS FOR ECOSYSTEM INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS FOURTH EDITION PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE PORTLAND, OREGON This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. CONTENTS Page . INTRODUCTION TO FOURTH EDITION ....... 1 Features and Additions. ......... 1 Inquiries ................ 2 History of Plant Code Development .... 3 MASTER LIST OF SPECIES AND SYMBOLS ..... 5 Grasses.. ............... 7 Grasslike Plants. ............ 29 Forbs.. ................ 43 Shrubs. .................203 Trees. .................225 ABSTRACT LIST OF SYNONYMS ..............233 This paper is basicafly'an alpha code and name 1 isting of forest and rangeland grasses, sedges, LIST OF SOIL SURFACE ITEMS .........261 rushes, forbs, shrubs, and trees of Oregon, Wash- ington, and Idaho. The code expedites recording of vegetation inventory data and is especially useful to those processing their data by contem- porary computer systems. Editorial and secretarial personnel will find the name and authorship lists i ' to be handy desk references. KEYWORDS: Plant nomenclature, vegetation survey, I Oregon, Washington, Idaho. G. A. GARRISON and J. M. SKOVLIN are Assistant Director and Project Leader, respectively, of Paci fic Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; C. E. POULTON is Director, Range and Resource Ecology Applications of Earth Sate1 1 ite Corporation; and A. H. WINWARD is Professor of Range Management at Oregon State University . and a fifth letter also appears in those instances where a varietal name is appended to the genus and INTRODUCTION species. (3) Some genera symbols consist of four letters or less, e.g., ACER, AIM, GEUM, IRIS, POA, TO FOURTH EDITION RHUS, ROSA.
    [Show full text]
  • Liminality, Marginality, Futurity: Case Studies in Contemporary Science Fiction
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Anthropology Senior Theses Department of Anthropology Spring 2014 Liminality, Marginality, Futurity: Case Studies in Contemporary Science Fiction Julie R. Sanchez University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Sanchez, Julie R., "Liminality, Marginality, Futurity: Case Studies in Contemporary Science Fiction" (2014). Anthropology Senior Theses. Paper 154. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/anthro_seniortheses/154 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Liminality, Marginality, Futurity: Case Studies in Contemporary Science Fiction Abstract This thesis analyzes the relationship between science fiction worlds and the worlds in which they are imagined. While this study is interdisciplinary, the central concept employed is Victor Turner’s theory of liminality. Science fiction worlds are liminal spaces; though they are cognitively or existentially linked to objective reality, the points of divergence reveal the boundaries of dominant cultural paradigms. The liminal worlds of science fiction are particularly hospitable to marginalized groups, such as racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities. Engaging with other worlds is method for theorizing alternate structures of reality. Drawing from Darko Suvin’s work on science fiction and utopia, I argue that imagining other worlds through science fiction world-building is a powerful tool for world-making. The thesis contains three case studies of 21st century American science fiction authors, all of whom eflectr trends in postmodern writing. John Scalzi’s critically acclaimed novels parody common science fiction tropes, simultaneously revealing and revising our understanding of the genre. His theory of Narrative in Redshirts is a powerful allegory for Bourdieu’s theory of doxa.
    [Show full text]