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Politics and Prayer in West Perrine, Florida : Civic Social Capital and the Black Church Susan Oltman Fink Florida International University

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Politics and Prayer in West Perrine, Florida : Civic Social Capital and the Black Church Susan Oltman Fink Florida International University Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-15-2005 Politics and prayer in West Perrine, Florida : civic social capital and the black church Susan Oltman Fink Florida International University DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI15101400 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Fink, Susan Oltman, "Politics and prayer in West Perrine, Florida : civic social capital and the black church" (2005). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3324. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3324 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida POLITICS AND PRAYER IN WEST PERRINE, FLORIDA: CIVIC SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE BLACK CHURCH A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in RELIGIOUS STUDIES by Susan Oltman Fink 2005 To: Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences This thesis, written by Susan Gitman Fink, and entitled Politics and Prayer in West Perrine, Florida: Civic Social Capital and the Black Church, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. Alex Stepick Deborah Dash Moore Steven Heine Lesley Northup Christine Gudorf, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 15, 2005 The thesis of Susan Qltman Fink is approved. Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences Dean Douglas Wartzok University Graduate School ii ©Copyright 2005 by Susan Oiltman Fink All rights reserved. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my husband, Jeffrey, who provided me with much excellent advice and help in the early phase of this project, and whose patience, understanding and love throughout its long duration was indispensable to the completion of this work. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I had been a part-time graduate student in FIU's Religious Studies Department for about three years, experiencing the diversity of religious expression by sampling religions of India (with Nathan Katz), Buddhism as it made its way across China and into Korea and Japan (with Steve Heine), Temple Era Judaism and Christianity (with Eric Larson), and Jewish mysticism (with Oren Steir), when I took a course called the Jewish Political Tradition with visiting Davidson scholar, the late Daniel Elazar. My work with Dr. Elazar inspired this thesis. He taught me his unique sociological approach and introduced me to field research, which led to my desire to study religion anthropologically. I therefore jumped at the opportunity to join a PEW funded FlU research project to study religion, immigration, and civic life in Miami. I want to thank my entire team, including principles Alex Stepick, Terry Rey, and Sarah Mahler, and also Carol Stepick. I developed the art of field research under Alex's guidance, discussing every interview and participant observation with him and how it related to the design of the project. I want to thank my committee: to Chris Gudorf, who constantly challenged me to further my analysis, to Deborah Dash Moore, who met with me weekly while at FlU as a visiting Davidson scholar and helped me begin to work out the theoretical framework of my thesis, to Leslie Northup for her expertise in the area of American Protestant religions, and to Steve Heine, with whom I worked previously, and who graciously agreed to replace Terry Rey, who left FIU a few months before my defense. I also want to thank Terry for his many suggestions, enthusiasm for my thesis, and support. Finally, I am indebted to the people of Perrine who opened up their hearts to me in the hopes that their story be told. I hope I have not disappointed them. v ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS POLITICS AND PRAYER IN WEST PERRINE, FLORIDA: CIVIC SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE BLACK CHURCH by Susan Oltman Fink Florida International University, 2005 Miami, Florida Professor Christine Gudorf, Major Professor This thesis traces the mechanisms and sources responsible for the generation of civic social capital (a set of shared norms and values that promote cooperation between groups, enabling them to participate in the political process) by black churches in West Perrine, Florida. Data for this thesis includes over fifty interviews and participant observations, archival records, newspaper articles, and scholarly journals. Despite the institutional racism of the first half of the twentieth century, many blacks and whites in Perrine developed levels of trust significant enough to form an integrated local governing body, evidence of high levels of csc. At mid-century, when black and white interactions ceased, Perrine's csc decreased, leading to the deterioration of Perrine's social and physical conditions. Perrine's csc increased in the1980s by way of broad-based coalitions as Perrine's churches invested their csc in an effort to eradicate crime, clean up its neighborhood, and win back its youth. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PROLOGUE ........................................................................................... 1 1. Mapping a Collective Political Understanding Through the Use of Cultural Imagery and Religious Ritual at a Public Site ................. ........... 3 I INTRODUCTION ............................................................ ............... 5 1. Theoretical Framework ..................................... 5 2. Methodology ............................................................................ 16 3. Research Site ............................................................................ 28 IL ACCUMULATION AND EXPENDITURE OF CIVIC SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE BLACKCOMMUNITY .............................................................. 29 1. Civic Social Capital Adheres in the Black Church ................................. 29 2. Creating an African-American Identity Through The Use of American Cultural Images ............................................... ........... 31 III. A HISTORY OF PERRINE PRIOR TO 1948: BUILDING CIVIC SOCIAL CAPITAL ........................................................................................ 41 1. Race Relations ............................................................................ 42 2. Partial Residential Segregation ........................................ 43 3. Bahamian and American Blacks, the Formation of their Churches, and their Contact with Whites .................................................................... 45 4. Three Cultural Streams .................................. ......... ................. 51 5. Generation of Trust and Reciprocity.............................. .............. 56 6. Generation of Civic Social Capital ................................................. 60 7. Zones of Conflict: Generation of Civic Social Capital in the Black Church Through Conflict and Confrontation with the Dominant Society ................60 A. Education for Black Children ................................................ 61 B. The Negro Council.............................................................63 C. Black Freemasons as Police .... ................... .........65 D. Black Associational Ties.... ......... ............................ ..72 E. Perrine Incorporates.......................... ................................ 74 8. The "Incorporation Story" as an Instrument of Civic Social Capital Accumulation...............................................................................81 vii IV. PERRINE'S CIVIC SOCIAL CAPITAL DECLINES: 1948-1980 ..................... 94 1. Departure of the Agriculture Industry: Perrine's Bi-Racial Networks Dismantled ............................................................................... 94 2. Residential Segregation in South Dade .............................................. 96 3. Richmond Heights: Seeds of Civic Social Capital Planted .....................99 4. Generational Rift Contributes to Increasing Isolation of Perrine...............106 5. Post WWII Race Relations os.. ........ .............. ... 108 6. Perrine's Participation in the National Civil Rights Movement ................ 111 7. Perrine's Churches Confront the Social and Economic Challenges of the Post War Era...........................................................................115 8. School Desegregation: 1966.........................................................116 9. Churches are Unable to Help Young People Interpret White Culture.......... 118 10. Perrine's Growing Population Challenges its Cohesion ......................... 121 11. Perrine is Ravaged by Urban Decay ............................................... 123 V. REACTIVATION OF PERRINE'S CIVIC SOCIAL CAPITAL: 1980-2002......131 1. Richmond Heights Comes to the Aid of Perrine..................................131 2. Rev. Walter Richardson as Spokesman for the Richmond Heights Group....133 3. Perrine's Fractured Community an Impediment to Civic Social Capital.......135 4. New Zone of Conflict is Identified: The Mustering of Civic Social C apital...................................................................................137 5. A Second Political Restructuring Enables the Creation of Additional
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