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YYIVOIVOYIVO Institute for Jewish ResearchNNEWEWSS No. 197 / Winter / 2003 Gathering and Exhibition for Greatest Living Yiddish Poet Sutzkever’s 90th Birthday Celebrated at YIVO he YIVO Institute has joined archivist Lorin Sklamberg, based acknowledging Tother individuals, societies, on verse by Sutzkever. Former YIVO’s wishes communal organizations and YIVO staff member and Vilna for his birth- academic institutions around the native, David Rogow, a near- day, in which world in celebrating the 90th contemporary of Sutzkever, re- he describes his birthday of distinguished Yid- cited the moving poem Dos grezl 90 years as dish poet Abraham Sutzkever. fun Ponar in the original Yiddish. [continued on page 6] This anniversary in the calendar In it, the poet strikingly rhymed of Yiddish letters was marked goyses (moribund) with oysyes Abraham publicly by YIVO at a commem- (letters of the alphabet) and Har Sutzkever orative gathering and through (God) with Ponar (the place an exhibition documenting his where Vilna Jewry was slaugh- life and works to date. tered during the Holocaust). The On October 21 a scholarly and evening was chaired by Dr. Paul Ruth Wisse, Martin Peretz Professor of artistic program in Sutzkever’s Glasser, Associate Dean of the Yiddish Literature and Comparative honor was presented to a Max Weinreich Center, who read Literature at Harvard, pays tribute to packed auditorium of listeners, a recent letter from Sutzkever Sutzkever. readers and students of Yiddish literature and poetry. The main Yale University Press address was delivered by Pro- fessor Ruth Wisse, Martin Peretz to Publish Encyclopedia Professor of Yiddish Literature and Comparative Literature ale University Press has formally Hold the Date at Harvard University, who Yagreed to publish The YIVO has written extensively about Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. 79th Annual Benefit Sutzkever and the Yiddish YIVO Executive Director Dr. Carl Rheins May 17, 2004 literary circle at Vilna. In her was notified at the end of July that Yale Pierre Hotel, NY tribute, Wisse described the University Press’s faculty acquisitions * * * poet’s literary development panel had accepted the project. This Honorees: before, during and after the means that the encyclopedia will be Brochure on the coming Daniel Libeskind war and the Holocaust. published by one of the premier academic publication of the YIVO & Chava Alberstein Afterwards, a musical program presses in North America, confirming the Encyclopedia. was presented by YIVO sound work’s status as a significant contribution to scholarship. Jonathan Brent, editorial director of Yale University Press, said that everyone CONTENTS: at the press considers the encyclopedia “a major project.” The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe will be the Chairman’s Message . . . .2 Library ...... 15 definitive reference work on all aspects of the history and culture of Executive Director ...... 3 Max Weinreich Center .18 Jews in Eastern Europe from the beginning of their settlement in the YIVO Donors ...... 4 YIVO in History ...... 21 region to the present. Such a scholarly endeavor is unprecedented. Development ...... 5 Collections ...... 22 The published volumes will comprise approximately two million EPYC ...... 7 Archives ...... 24 words, over 1,000 illustrations, and more than 100 maps. It will Lecture Series ...... 8 New Accessions ...... 25 draw on the most current scholarship in all relevant fields. YIVO Bleter ...... 9 Letters ...... 29 Although contract negotiations have yet to be finalized, publication Publications ...... 10 Yiddish Section . . . . .30-36 of the multivolume print edition as well as an online electronic YIVO News ...... 12 edition is scheduled for 2008. (See related article on page 11.) 15357 12/17/03 7:35 AM Page 2

From the Chairman of the Board YIVO News A Time for Rededication Founded in 1925 in Vilna, Poland, as the Yiddish Scientific Institute and headquartered to Working Together in New York since 1940, YIVO is devoted to t is not enough to simply re- I cannot help the history, society and culture of Ashkenazic Imind people to “remember but feel the Jewry and to the influence of that culture as it their roots.” Rather, we must excitement developed in the Americas. Today, YIVO stands open our doors at YIVO and when I am at as the preeminent center for East European reach out to those who are YIVO. Whether Bruce Slovin Jewish Studies; Yiddish language, literature seeking answers by engaging we are sched- and folklore; and the study of the American them in this process of discov- uling events Jewish immigrant experience. ering, honoring and celebrating for 2004, planning major publi- their heritage. cations, awarding Afounding partner of the Center for Jewish fellowships, History, YIVO holds the following constituent Especially at assisting memberships: Hanukkah — “We are here to help • American Historical Association • a time for our youth understand researchers and Association for Jewish Studies • Association rededication — scholars, pre- of Jewish Libraries • Council of Archives we think of the world of their serving and and Research Libraries in Jewish Studies • our history, of parents and their cataloguing rare Museums Council of New York City • Society resistance to grandparents.” books and archival of American Archivists and • World Congress tyranny, of light collections, or of Jewish Studies. in the darkness. raising funds to For almost 80 years YIVO has support our panoply of Chairman of the Board: Bruce Slovin been key to preserving Jewish programs and services — YIVO Executive Director: Carl J. Rheins history by collecting and is alive with new energy and preserving the rarest of books, new ideas! Director of Development photos and community records, As I light the Hanukkah and External Affairs: Ella Levine as well as the documentation of candles with my family, I will Director of Finance and everyday Jewish life in Eastern take this time to rededicate Administration: Andrew J. Demers and Central Europe, and in the myself to the new YIVO and Dean of the Library and United States. Today, YIVO is to the Jewish community it both Senior Research Librarian: Brad Sabin Hill the central repository of all these embodies and creates. Although treasures, and we are working to some of those who knew YIVO Chief Archivist: Fruma Mohrer improve access and to showcase in Eastern Europe are no longer Head Librarian: Aviva Astrinsky the YIVO Archives and Library. with us, YIVO remains true to Associate Dean of the Max Weinreich Those of you who have been the founders’ original vision and Center/Yiddish Editor: Hershl Glasser with us over the years know mission. Editor: Elise Fischer the great changes happening at We are here to help our youth YIVO. We welcome you to come understand the world of their Production Editors: and visit us. The new YIVO parents and their grandparents. Jerry Cheslow, Michele Alperin offers a great variety of Public We have so much to share and, Contributors Programs (such as our Distin- with your help, YIVO will Adina Cimet, Jesse Aaron Cohen, Julie Draskoczy, guished Lecture Series, which continue and grow, reaching out Krysia Fisher, Shaindel Fogelman, Michael Glickman, this Fall featured such eminent to our children and to their Leo Greenbaum, Erica Kaplan, Yeshaya Metal, Chana Mlotek, Allan Nadler, Alyssa Quint, Yankl Salant, intellectuals as Israeli writer children. Miriam-khaye Seigel, Lyudmila Sholokhova, Ellen Amos Oz and Lithuanian poet B. Siegel and Lorin Sklamberg Tomas Venclova, films, exhibi- tions and colloquia), the Edu- 15 West 16th Street Remember YIVO New York, NY 10011-6301 cational Program on Yiddish Phone: (212) 246-6080, Culture (EPYC), research in Your Will. Fax: (212) 292-1892 fellowships, adult education For information on YIVO and language classes. We take planned giving options, www.yivo.org pride in our scholarly endeav- e-mail to Yedies: [email protected] please visit the YIVO ors, such as The YIVO Ency- web site at www.yivo.org, clopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, and in the YIVO web or call Ellen Siegel at site www.yivo.org. (212) 294-8293.

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From the Executive Director European Paradox: New Anti-Semitism Amid Fascination With Things Jewish n the Fall 2003 issue of Perspectives, the official Although we have witnessed in the last two Iorgan of Paideia, the European Institute for years the creation of two new endowed chairs in Jewish Studies in Sweden, Barbara Lerner-Spectre, Yiddish Studies in the United States (Indiana the Institute’s Director, points to the intriguing University and the Jewish Theological Seminary Dr. Carl J. Rheins paradox taking place in Europe. As many partici- of America), the ultimate irony is that it is in pants at YIVO’s recent international conference Germany where there is the greatest fervor for on anti-Semitism, “Old Demons, New Debates: the academic study of Yiddish. Anti-Semitism in the West” argued, there is an From September 22 through 24, 2003, for emergence of a “new,” virulent example, the University of Trier hosted the Sixth anti-Semitism in Europe “that Symposium for Yiddish would deny to the Jews as a “The ultimate irony is that Studies in Germany. This people the right of statehood annual interdisciplinary to which other peoples are it is in Germany where there Yiddish symposium is entitled.”1 is the greatest fervor for the organized alternately by the At the same time, another academic study of Yiddish.” Yiddish programs at the phenomenon is taking place Universities of Trier and across Europe. As she notes, Dusseldorf and is intended “there is a palpable interest in things Jewish… to offer students and scholars from all over the so profound that some have labeled it ‘Philo- world the opportunity to present their research, Semitism.’”2 Several examples serve to illustrate exchange ideas and put forward questions for this point: the establishment of new Jewish discussion. This expansion of Yiddish Studies in museums in Paris, Berlin, Vilna and Kiev; the Germany is further evidenced by the publication restoration of synagogues in Poland and the at the University of Trier of the journal Jiddistik former Soviet Union; and the emergence of strong Mitteilungen. new Jewish Studies programs in the United As I have argued in this column before, this Kingdom, Germany, Russia, Lithuania and phenomenon illustrates the dramatic “globali- Poland, among others. zation” of Eastern European Jewish Studies as According to Lerner-Spectre, “some would claim well as the need for closer cooperation between that the two seemingly opposing trends are mere- European and North American scholars on ly two manifestations of the same underlying projects of common concern. No better example phenomena: fear and hatred of Jews. The inter- is the forthcoming YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in est in things Jewish… is to be understood as a Eastern Europe, which includes 73 Americans, ‘Phantom Limbs’ Syndrome. By virtue of a Jewish 86 Israelis, 18 Poles and three Germans among culture vanished, a diseased appendage ampu- its contributors. tated, non-Jews can safely long for a culture vanished, and thus assuage their guilt for an 3 Stay Up to Date anti-Semitic past of their own making.” Others would argue for a more nuanced view. on YIVO via E-mail This would include a “desire by many Eastern Keep on top of the latest news from YIVO. Find Europeans to reclaim their own national identities out about programs and events not advertised and in so doing reappropriate the Jewish culture in our regular calendars and newsletters. Learn that was once inextricably a part of their socie- about new features and resources added to our ties.” One could add to this category a new gen- web site. To subscribe to YIVO e-mail use the eration of scholars in Germany who have “Send Us Your Feedback” link on our web site: established strong programs in Yiddish Studies at www.yivo.org. Dusseldorf, Trier, Munich and Potsdam.

1 Barbara Lerner-Spectre, "Contradictions", Perspectives (Nr 3, 2003), p. 2. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid,p.3

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YIVO Institute for Jewish Research Donors We acknowledge gifts of $1,000 and above from October 15, 2002 through October 15, 2003. We also extend our gratitude to the thousands of donors who are not listed in this issue of Yedies. $100,000 + Atran Foundation, Inc. Francesca C. and Bruce Slovin Estate of Ehiel Lesowoder Charles H. Revson Foundation, Inc. Motl Zelmanowicz Estate of Israel M. Zeligman $50,000 + Emily A. and Len Blavatnik Smart Family Foundation The Nash Family Foundation Conference on Jewish Material Cindy and David Stone Helen and Jack Nash Claims Against Germany, Inc. Mayer Tendler $25,000 + David Berg Foundation Leah and Michael Karfunkel Diane H. and Joseph S. Steinberg The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Dibner Fund, Inc. Claudia and Nelson Peltz Stanley and Ethel Glen Family Stuart Schear Ethel S. Brodsky Trust Rosa and David M. Polen Foundation Estate of Pearl Heifetz Andrea and Warren Grover Salo W. and Jeannette M. Baron Rosina K. Abramson and Anonymous Jesselson Foundation Foundation, Inc. Jeffrey Glen Erica Jesselson SDA Enterprises, Inc. The Mandell Gisnet Trust Linda and Michael G. Jesselson Dr. Edward L. Steinberg The Morris and Alma Schapiro Fund George Karfunkel S. Daniel Abraham $10,000 + Beate and Joseph D. Becker Greystone & Co. Ruth and David A. Levine Starr Foundation Halina and Samson Bitensky Stephen Rosenberg Barbara Martinsons Vera Stern Bovis Len Lease LMB, Inc Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society Morgan Barrington The Max and Anna Levinson Eliane Bukantz Fanya Gottesfeld Heller Financial Services, Inc. Foundation Hyman and Rita Cohen Herbert G. Feldman Charitable Hasan Biberaj Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz Datascope Corporation Foundation Jacob J. Morowitz Toby and Bernard Nussbaum Carol and Lawrence Saper Dorothy and David Rothbart Open Society Institute Milton Weiner Bernice and Donald G. Drapkin Jewish Genealogical Society Martin D. and Doris L. Payson Seymour W. and Cathy W. Zises Jerrold P.Fuchs and Jane Harvey Joseph Alexander Anna and Martin Peretz Estate of Alexander E. Racolin Michael Fuchs Foundation, Inc. Arlene and Arnold D. Richards Estate of Charlotte H. Kaplan Elisabeth and Max Gitter Carol and Gershon Kekst Charles J. Rose Estate of Lillian Katz Diane S. and Mark Goldman Lancer Group Samuel J. Silverstein Estate of Ronald I. Kravitz Yvette and Larry Gralla Michael Lauer $5,000 + Bank of America Gittis Family Foundation Harvey M. Krueger Sanders Morris & Harris Jack Bendheim Howard Gittis Diane Krumholz Don A. Sanders Beyer Blinder Belle Carl Glick Lazard Freres & Co. Joan G. and Richard J. Scheuer Richard Blinder Priscilla Goldfield Kenneth M. Jacobs Jay Schottenstein Ann and Kenneth J. Bialkin HSBC Bank USA Carol and Earle I. Mack Carol A. Stahl Lotte and Ludwig Bravmann Harry and Celia Zuckerman Victor Markowicz Sharon and Fred Stein Edgar M. Bronfman Foundation, Inc. Betty and Leo Melamed The Herman Kaiser Foundation Sharon and Jeffrey W. Casdin Mark Zuckerman New York Metropolitan Reference and Herman and Myra Treitel Stanley Chais Ulla K. and Steven F. Harwin Research Library Agency Vinson & Elkins L.L.P. Caren and Arturo Constantiner Matthew H. Kamens Harold Ostroff Harry M. Reasoner Valerie and Charles M. Diker J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Ronald O. Perelman Jacob Waisbord Caryl and Israel A. Englander Anne and William B. R.A.K. Group Frances Weinstein Joseph Feingold Harrison, Jr. Randy Kohana West End Financial Advisors Bambi and Roger H. Felberbaum Sima and Nathan Katz Bruce Ratner Louise Crandall and William Claire and Joseph H. Flom Patricia and Jeffrey Kenner Rebecca E. Rieger Landberg Ellen B. and Bud Gibbs Carolyn and Steven Kotler Marjorie and Jeffrey A. Rosen Zantker Charitable Foundation, Inc. Anonymous $1,000 + Nira and Kenneth Abramowitz Sylvia Brody Rose and Lee Epstein Jean and Samuel Frankel Carmela and Milton R. Ackman Elizabeth and Warren Brody Rochelle and Maks Etingin Bonnie and Burt M. Feinberg Wilma and Arthur Aeder Coco Brown Edith and Henry J. Everett Marlyn and Eugene Friedberg Marjorie and Norman E. Alexander Marilyn and Marshall D. Butler Ezra Jack Keats Foundation, Inc. Miriam and Richard S. Friedman Allied Irish Bank John A. Catsimatidis Doris and Saul J. Farber Myrna and Bernard Fruchtman David Keating Gail and Gerald L. Chasin Joseph Feldschuh David Gallagher Helen V. and Sheldon M. Atlas Ellen Chesler and Matthew Mallow Enid and Alexander Fisher Phil Garoon & Family Ward Auerbach Joel and Lillian Cohen Jack Fishman Ruth and Peter Gay Layah Barry Thomas E. Constance Gella J. and Joshua A. Fishman Lauren S. and Martin J. Geller Sherry and Martin H. Bauman David E.R. Dangoor Laura W. and Robert C. Fleder Gettry Marcus Stern & Lehrer Joe Berland Rosalee C. and Richard Davison Constance K. and Theo W. Folz C.P.A.,P.C. Blanche and Emanuel Binder Laurie and Jeffrey M. Deane Gerald J. Ford David Gildin Marion and George S. Blumenthal Charles Dimston Forward Association, Inc. Perla and Isaac Gilinski Eve and Anthony Bonner Edith C. Blum Foundation, Inc. Steven and Meryl Frank Franklin Gittes Edythe L. and Eli Broad Rosalyn and Irwin Engelman Evy and Paul D. Frankel GlaxoSmithKline Foundation

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Development and External Affairs The Challenge of Preserving our Legacy by Ella Levine, Director of Development and External Affairs he events at YIVO this past year exemplified another calendar year ends, Tthe many ways in which Eastern European preserving our heritage becomes Jewish culture is displayed throughout the world. ever more important. We need a Be it by architects, poets or authors, the roots we place where Jewish life will be Ella Levine share color our world views by shaping the spaces documented and preserved, where people live in and the words they use to express unique scholarly works, such as the only copies of themselves. Study of Jewish culture is a central important texts in Yiddish or Hebrew printed in part of our Western intellectual life and Judaism Europe before the Shoah, will be available to has been important to world culture as its major generations to come. Only if the culture created in contributor. The world-renowned Israeli author Europe is properly preserved, can modern Jewish Amos Oz, spoke in our Distinguished Lecture artists and scholars make it more contemporary to Development Series, which presented Israel through its litera- enable it to thrive and prosper. ture. Our Film Series highlighted Eastern Euro- All of our books, musical recordings and pic- pean Jewish immigration to Central and South tures make YIVO the premiere source for the America and gave us a glimpse into the lives of study of Eastern European Jewry, but the main- our fellow Jews in other areas of the world. tenance of these treasures requires vast resources. This past fall I was in Israel for Rosh Hashanah, To properly maintain an archive or even a book which is usually a wonderfully joyous celebration. we must be staffed with specialists — not just aca- The State of Israel, however, was subdued and demics, but also preservationists. We continually quiet. People do not go out and enjoy life as they receive material that must be properly catalogued, once did — the isolation of the country and its researched and housed. Your donations allow us people is overwhelming. Seeing how Israelis live to maintain wonderfully cared for and docu- made me realize anew that we all share the same mented archives and library collections. We must roots, no matter where or under what conditions provide rich documentation and preservation to we live. Our heritage binds us together and must ensure that our history and culture is passed down be preserved if we are to remain strong. As to future generations. This is our challenge.

$1,000 + (cont.)

Margaret and Perry Goldberg Dalia and Laurence C. Leeds, Jr. Bess S. and Bernard Posner Sobel Affiliates Inc. June E. and C. David Goldman Paul R. Levenson Arlene and Bernard Potter Marian Scheuer and Eugene M. Grant Tamar and Gerald Levin Lewis Rabinowitz Abraham D. Sofaer Marcy and Bennett Grau Joan D. Levin Carol and Stewart Rahr Sara and Martin L. Solomon Ria and Mike Gruss Shelby White and Leon Levy Judith and Burton P.Resnick Max Stollman Paula and Jeffrey R. Gural Madeline and Irwin Lieber Sandra and William L. Richter Louise M. Sunshine H. Reisman Charitable Trust Louis Williams Foundation, Inc. Marian E. and David Rocker Alan Sussman Thelma Reisman M. and B. Weiss Family Foundation Inc. Linda and Sidney S. Rosdeitcher Norma and Julian Svedosh Alan G. Hait MacKenzie Partners, Inc. Sandra P.and Frederick P.Rose Lynn and Sy Syms Ellen and Kamran Hakim Stephen and Sharyn Mann Paulette and Joseph Rose Estelle N. and Harold Tanner George A. Hambrecht Vladka and Benjamin Meed Phyllis and Jack Rosen Marilyn and Henry Taub Harry and Marilyn Cagin Philanthropic Abby and Howard P.Milstein Ruth and Arthur Rosenblatt The Nelson Foundation Fund Jonathan I. Mishkin Ernest Rubenstein Lynn and Glen Tobias Jacob Holzman Morris J. & Betty Kaplun Foundation, Amy and Howard J. Rubenstein Sara and Benjamin Torchinsky Martha M. and Anthony J. Ian Inc. Susan L. and Bruce D. Schlechter Ilsa Wagner A. and Mel Ilberman Ruth G. and Edgar J. Nathan III Ronald N Schnur Marco Walker Gillian E. Jacobson-Friedman Cathy Nelkin Miller Sherry L. and Barry F. Schwartz Nina and Walter H. Weiner Joseph Meyerhoff Family Charitable New Cracow Friendship Daniel J. Schwartz Leonard M. Weintraub Funds Society, Inc. Fred Schwartz Robert M. Weintraub David I. Karabell Helaine and Lawrence Newman Elinor A. and Sheldon Seevak Lois and Martin J. Whitman Emile Karafiol Edward Ochylski Jean and Charles Segal Devera E. and Michael H. Witkin Susan and Jerome L. Katz Nancy and Morris W. Offit Nancy and Robert Segal Charles B. Wolf Linda and Ilan Kaufthal Marion M. Oliner Herta and Samuel N. Seidman Henry and Eta Wrobel Pearl and Ralph Kier Susan and Stanley A. Oppenheim Jean and Martin D. Shafiroff Genevieve G. and Justin L. Wyner Laura Shapiro Kramer and Miriam and Lawrence Orenstein Jane S.G. and Robert Shapiro Irina and Mattias Zhabinskiy Jay D. Kramer Anna and Paul Ornstein Terry and Stephen Shapiro Carol and Lawrence Zicklin Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel, LLP Amy M. and Joseph R. Perella Sholem Aleichem Folk Shul Arthur Zinberg Kronish Lieb Weiner & Charles Petschek No. 21, Inc. Zipporah Films Hellman LLP Doris Pfeffer Klara and Larry A. Silverstein Howard A. Zipser Annette M. and Leon Kupferstein Irene E. Pipes Adina and Michael Singer Estate of Adela Bay Linda and Benjamin V. Lambert Ann and Harold Platt Alan B. Slifka Estate of Arthur Kulik Ruth and Sidney Lapidus Martin D. and Nancy T. Polevoy Judy and Todd Slotkin Anonymous Leona and Meyer Laskin Leslie M. Pollack Joan and Ira H. Slovin Anonymous hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 5 15357 12/17/03 7:35 AM Page 6

Sutzkever’s 90th Birthday [continued from page 1] nayntsik shteyner (90 During this time he wrote a volume of poems in stones). stylized Old Yiddish, the manuscript of which was A new exhibition at lost during the upheavals of the war years. He also YIVO, on view in the translated into modern Yiddish 90 stanzas of the mezzanine gallery of classic work of early Yiddish literature, the Bove- the Center for Jewish bukh by Elye Bokher (Elias Levita), written in Italy History, has been ded- in the early 16th century and first published in icated to this anniver- Germany in 1541. The original Yiddish epic was sary of the greatest based on an Italian version of an Anglo-French living Yiddish poet. romance, Sir Bevis of Hampton, which had been The exhibition, pre- written before the age of Chaucer. A sole copy of pared by Aviva the first edition of the Bove-bukh survived the Astrinsky, head of centuries. It was studied by Weinreich, from Abraham Sutzkever in the YIVO library, with whom Sutzkever became familiar with this early Amsterdam (April 1947). assistance from the monument of Yiddish literature. curator-designer During the days of the Vilna ghetto, Sutzkever

Sutzkever Event Krysia Fisher, displays books published by was enlisted by the Germans to sort books and Sutzkever over the course of nearly seven decades, papers in the YIVO building, then used as a Ger- beginning with his first book of poems published man military barracks and depot for confiscated in Warsaw in 1937. The Yiddish PEN Club issued libraries and collections before shipment to Ger- this volume at the recommendation of the famous many. Together with Yiddish poet Shmerke Austrian Jewish writer Joseph Roth, who visited Kaczerginski and other scholars who formed the Cover of a collec- Vilna in 1936 and heard Sutzkever recite his own so-called Papir-brigade (Paper Brigade), Sutzkever tion of Sutzkever's verse. Included in the exhibit are translations of smuggled thousands of valuable books and docu- poetry and prose, Sutzkever’s works into other languages, among ments out of the YIVO building and into the ghet- Fun alte un yunge them Hebrew, English, French, German, Polish, to, preventing their pillage or destruction during ksav-yadn [From Dutch, Swedish and Russian. Also on display are the war. The YIVO building at 18 Wiwulskiego old and new more than a dozen photographs of Sutzkever from Street was destroyed by Soviet artillery fire in manuscripts] (Tel- youth through maturity. They include pictures 1944. Treasures hidden by the brigade in its attic Aviv: Farlag with family and literary colleagues (Shmerke were lost, but many of the unique books and ma- “Yisroel-bukh,” Kaczerginski, Leyzer Wolf, Joseph Opatoshu, terials rescued by Sutzkever survived the war and 1982), illustrated Chaim Grade, H. Leivick, Itsik Manger and Isaac the ghetto. They were eventually restored to the by Yosl Bergner. Bashevis Singer), as reestablished YIVO in New York in 1947. Those well as artists Marc literary and historical manuscripts now comprise Chagall and Samuel the Sutzkever-Kaczerginski collection in the YIVO Bak. Archives. After the war Sutzkever wrote a book- Abraham Sutzkever’s length account of the Vilna ghetto, first published association with YIVO in truncated version in Moscow in 1946 and more began before the war, fully in Paris after he left the Soviet Union that and his association with same year. (Kaczerginski wrote an equally impor- YIVO’s founder, Max tant account entitled Khurbm Vilne, published Weinreich, started in New York in 1947. An index nominum to long before that. In Kaczerginski’s volume, prepared at YIVO, has not 1930 he joined the yet been published.) A history of the Paper Bri- Vilna scouting organi- gade by Professor David Fishman, Embers Plucked zation, Di Bin (The Bee), From the Fire, was published by YIVO in 1996. founded by Weinreich. Readers of Yiddish will forever appreciate the In the late 1930s he was inspirational genius of Abraham Sutzkever. a member of YIVO’s Generations of students and scholars at YIVO Pro-aspirantur, devoting will be indebted to Sutzkever’s heroic rescue of himself to the study of cultural treasures from the Vilna YIVO during Old Yiddish literature the final catastrophe of East European Jewish under Weinreich’s civilization. The staff and friends of the YIVO tutelage. Sutzkever’s Institute and all who cherish the Yiddish word research at YIVO wish Abraham Sutzkever many years of health deeply influenced his and creativity, biz hundert un tsvantsik. (see page poetic sensibilities. 21 for related material.) 6 YIVO News Winter 2003 15357 12/17/03 7:35 AM Page 7

"When these streets heard Yiddish" Web Site in December EPYC Launched in Classrooms of which shared in a vibrant Jewish culture. The voices of adolescents who lived in the interwar

period will introduce their EPYC world to today’s students: their interests, dreams, activities, fears and hopes. Through them, as well as through the presentation of expanded information on Jewish culture, the life of Polish Jewry should take form with vibrant realistic images. Eastern European Jewish culture grew and Project Director Dr. Adina Cimet presents the Educational Program on Yiddish Culture flourished in the (EPYC) package to Knesset Member Gila Finkelshtein (National Religious Party). A former millenium that Europe high school teacher, Finkelshtein visited YIVO during a week-long lecture tour of the East offered them. That Coast and Midwest. Finkelshtein expressed interest in promoting the history and culture of experience has left its Yiddish-speaking Jews to Israeli youth. mark on current Jewish wo years in development, EPYC, YIVO’s life in the Diaspora, and Tgroundbreaking Educational Program on in Israel. The "When these streets heard Yiddish" Yiddish Culture, has been officially launched. Its web site will offer an interactive lens from which materials range from essays for teachers to lesson to start to look at the Yiddish culture of European plans for the classroom, supported by an array of Jews. documents and pictures. Eighteen teachers and Education has always been a fundamental form principals from the United States, Israel and of care for our youth. The EPYC program, now in Mexico participated in the first training session in its pilot stage, will require further support from June and were given traveling libraries of EPYC Yedies readers and friends to expand and offer a materials. These educators are now testing the traveling library kit and training to all interested program in their classrooms in private and public teachers. This, in turn, will help build and support schools; and in Orthodox, Reform and Conser- a worldwide network of students and teachers of vative Jewish (day and afternoon) schools. Yiddish culture and education. “The EPYC program reflects careful planning and thorough preparation,” commented Dr. Robert Moses Shapiro of Ramaz School, a participant in the training program from Ramaz School in New York City. “It enables teachers to become confident about the 800-year East European Jewish experience ... An excellent set of suggested lesson plans ... assist teachers in making the choices suitable to their own classrooms.” The EPYC web site, entitled “When these streets heard Yiddish,” the final component from the original EPYC package, was slated to be operational by the end of 2003. It will offer an expanded view of Eastern European Jewish life and culture through sound, music, maps, a time- line and many other interesting tools for the student. This wider “lens” will encompass not just Lublin, but also information about Vilna, Warsaw, Lodz and others Polish cities, as well as The "When these streets heard Yiddish" web site will soon offer an interactive lens smaller towns (shtetlekh) and tiny settlements, all into East European Jewish culture. hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 7 15357 12/17/037:35AMPage8

8 Olga Litvak Lecture Series I A YIVO NewsWinter2003 of thedivinename):notion thatJewsare the Jewishtraditionof Jewish cemetery. plified bythemonument’sproximity tothetown’s Jews were deadJews.”This statementisexem- Navy andtherefore, asshestates,“theonlylegal The onlyJewsallowedtolivethere were inthe Sebastopol essentiallyhadnoJewishcommunity. defeat —theRussianslostCrimeanWar. Also, like otherRussianmemorials,thisonecelebrateda in Russia’sCrimeanregion. Litvaknotedthat,un- myths andrealities related toconscriptedsoldiers Russia’s FirstJewishSoldiers,”centered onthe Series. Hertalk,entitled“MartyrsfortheEmpire: Litvak aspartof YIVO’s DistinguishedLecture by PrincetonUniversityProfessor ofHistoryOlga lecture onJewsintheRussianmilitary, delivered Fraught withirony, theeventwasfocusofa memorial toJewswhofellintheCrimeanWar. Litvak FocusesonJewsinRussianMilitary at MountSinai.ThechallengeforZionism,he narrow demandsofnationalistidentity—began r identity conflict.” humiliation itentailed,helpedalleviatetheJews’ ro them bynon-Jews,butreflected instead“aneu- 2000-year exilefrom Israelwasnotimposedon Revolution,” Yehoshua insistedthattheJews’ for everybody.” r medicine hastobeadjustedeachofthemwith and socialists,nationalistsbourgeois …the Modern Orthodox,liberals pora. “UltraOrthodoxand Jewish diseasecalledDias- treat whatheseesasthe Zionism asthemedicineto intellectual prescribed ter forJewishHistory, theIsraelinovelistand in YIVO’s DistinguishedLecture SeriesattheCen- national sovereignty andpower. Participating As CureforDiaspora“Disease” A.B. Yehoshua PrescribesZionism Leading IsraeliNovelist eligious faithinthecreator ofthecosmosand egard todosage,butbasicallythesamemedicine To For Yehoshua thatconflict—betweenuniversal Addressing thetopic“TheFuture oftheZionist tic choicethat,despitethedanger, anguishand Osip Rabinovich,beganraisingfundsfora n 1865,agroup inSebastopol,Russia,ledby explainthisoddplacement,Litvakpointsto mission istorecast ahistoricJewishfearof uthor A.B. Yehoshua maintainsthatZionism’s kidesh-hashem was establishedatSinai.” “to correcttheaspirationthat The challengeforZionismis (sanctification ance duringhisrecent visittotheUnitedStates. Jewish faith.” and non-Jews—wouldbecalled“adherents ofthe spiritualists intheDiaspora—bothethnicJews Israel wouldbeknownasIsraelis,whileJewish and afuture inwhichallJewishnationalists advocating divorcing religion from nationality, Jewish religious tradition,suchas Jews are beingdrawntouniversalelementsof he maintains,increasing numbersofethnicnon- over religious faith.Conversely, intheDiaspora, numbers ofChristians,especiallyfrom Russia— citizenship —nowbeinggrantedtoincreasing contradictions.” full ofpainand lished atSinai,anaspiration aspiration thatwasestab- contends, is“tocorrect the Pennsylvania. Advanced JudaicStudies, University of collaboration between YIVO andtheCenterfor serfs andtherelaxation of anti-Jewishpolicies. many reforms includedthe emancipationofthe the reign ofNicholasI’sson Alexander II,whose Christianity. Themonumentwas erected during parents andfrequently forcing themtoconvert despised forseparatingyoungchildren from their gan in1827withadecree byNicholasI,whowas sense ofcommunitywithoutareal community. in Sebastopolmightalsobeanattempttocreate a the strangepresence ofthisJewishwarmemorial lective life,”Litvakargued. According toLitvak, pline. “Thememoryofdeathensures Jewishcol- persecution andsuchabusesascollectivedisci- ory ofmartyrdom, shenoted,helpedthemendure always ready togivetheirlivesGod.Themem- they are livinginaconstantstateof“asif,” bound togetherbycollectivesacrificeandthat The lecture was the author’s solepublicappear- The lecture wastheauthor’s Some audiencemembersfelt Yehoshua was Litvak appeared courtesy ofaspecial2002-2003 Conscription ofJewsintotheRussianarmybe- by emphasizingIsraeli cy tosecularizeJewishidentity is expressed through atenden- already takingplace.InIsrael,it suggested thatthecorrection is The author Kabbalah A.B. Yehoshua . 15357 12/17/03 7:35 AM Page 9

Focus on Folklore YIVO Bleter Includes Songs, Theater and More he new issue of YIVO-bleter supposed to conclude his five- poetic form. Shulamith Berger, T(New Series, Volume IV) is volume anthology of Jewish in “Eat, Mama, It’s Kosher,” here! It contains 13 chapters of music folklore. In his article, Dr. shows how advertisements for scholarship on Yiddish folklore. Mark Slobin of Wesleyan American products, mostly in Included are analytical papers University describes how Forverts and Morgen-zhurnal, and annotated ethnographic Beregovsky collected all avail- moved Yiddish-speaking and bibliographic materials by able versions of Purim perfor- women from recently immi- leading American researchers mances in the territories of grated families toward assimi- and folklore collectors. Volume Ukraine and Belarus in the form lation, while focusing on their IV discusses Jewish folklore tra- of manuscripts and phonocylin- Jewish identities. ditions in Eastern Europe: folk ders. Slobin’s article serves as an Rabbi Mark W. Kiel analyzes Publications songs, theater performances introduction to the first chapter the book Principles of Jewish (purim-shpiln), children's folk- of Beregovsky’s historical re- Realism. Its author, Nokhem lore, jokes, wordplay, wartime search. It is followed by a rare Oyslender, believed that Jewish legends, and riddles and version of “Akeydes Yitskhok” folklore and the creative work of laments in Yiddish. These are (“Sacrifice of Isaac”). the masses should serve as a accompanied by “kosher” Dr. Itsik Gottesman’s article, basis for Jewish realism in the illustrations of American Jewish based on the materials of the new Soviet society. His book was life and ads for kosher products YIVO ethnographic commission considered to be ideologically of non-Jewish companies of 1928, relates to five structural valuable and helped determine printed in the Yiddish press. elements of Jewish laments. His development of Yiddish literary Chana Mlotek’s annotated approach to this little- publication of 42 folk songs, known subject collected by the classical Jewish provides methods of writer I. L. Peretz (mostly love researching related songs and ballads) opens the genres of Jewish volume. Mlotek, renowned folk- folklore, such as lorist and Music Archivist at ballads, songs about YIVO, explores the history of the death, orphan songs collection, analyzes the style of and other material. I. L. Peretz and provides a de- Dr. Robert Rothstein tailed bibliography and com- of the University of Yiddish ad for ments for each song. This is the Massachusetts, writing about criticism and folklore studies in Maxwell House first publication of Peretz’s little- macaronic songs, as well as the 1910s and 1920s. Coffee illustrates known folk song collection. Rabbi Shimen Huberband’s Auseful index to “Leyener an article on mass Folklorist Bina Silverman “Wartime Folklore” and Hyman dermonen zikh lider” (“Readers media. Weinreich researched Jewish Sheskin’s “Children's Folklore in Recall Songs”), a regular column riddles. She argues against the Grodno,” also address signifi- in the Forverts since 1970, com- popular, but mistaken, opinion cant research. They reveal pre- plied by David Rogow and that riddles have never been viously unpublished rare songs, Samuel Goldenberg, summa- accepted in Jewish folklore short stories and wordplay, con- rizes the folkloristic work of tradition. Based on comprehen- tributing to our knowledge of Chana and Joseph Mlotek in sive bibliographical research, religious and secular shtetl life in their intensive communication and after analyzing more than Eastern Europe in general and in with Forverts readers. 700 Jewish riddles from different Poland in particular. sources, including the Bible, Two articles present Jewish life The new YIVO-bleter can be purchased at: Weinreich establishes a system- in America as seen through the Jewish Book Center of the Workmen's Circle atic classification of this genre mass media. Brukhe Lang 45 E. 33 St. New York, NY 10016 in Jewish oral tradition. Caplan focuses on Zvee Scooler, (212) 889-6800 ext. 285 or (800) 922-2558 X285 A series of materials dedicated the famous WEVD on-air per- www.jewishbookcenter.com to purim-shpiln represents a frac- sonality, who was called the [email protected], or tion of Moyshe Beregovsky’s “grammayster” (“rhyme master”), The Center for Jewish History Bookstore “Jewish Folk Music Theater thanks to his ability to deliver (917) 606-8220 Performances,” which was the latest news in improvised

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Jewish Documentary Sources in Belarus Now Accessible Through New Finding Aid ocuments chronicling more records of Jewish com- Dthan six centuries of Jewish munities, organizations history, culture and religion can and institutions, politi- be found in nearly all archival cal parties and private repositories in Belarus. Until papers. Also docu- now, however, those documents mented are records were inaccessible or difficult to of governmental and track down. A new Russian- public bodies, as well as language publication is making private collections not Jewish historical records in 54 of Jewish origin whose Publications national and local archives in creators were involved Belarus available to researchers. in matters affecting or Dokumenty po istorii i kulture pertaining to Jews. evreev v arkhivakh Belarusi - The history of Jews Putevoditel (Jewish Documentary in the territories that Sources in the Belarus Archives: A comprise today’s Guide, Moscow 2003, 608 p.) was Belarus goes back to published jointly by the Russian 1388, when Grand Duke State University for the Humani- Vytautas of Lithuania ties (Rosiiskii Gosudarstvennyi granted privileges to Gumanitaryii Universitet – the Jewish communities RGGU) and Project Judaica, in the towns of Grodno (L-R) Peretz Hirschbein, playwright and poet, and a joint program of the Jewish and Brest-Litovsk. Their Mendel Elkin, author and distinguished YIVO Theological Seminary of Jewish populations librarian, taken in Bobruisk, Belarus (1910). America and YIVO. The guide grew to 900,000 or 12.8 relatively hospitable conditions is the second in the series of percent of the total population in for researchers in the various finding aids to the Jewish doc- 1914. At various times the Jews fields of Judaica, archival work umentary sources in the post- in these lands were the subjects on Jewish materials is progres- Soviet archives. The preceding of the Grand Duchy of sing rather slowly… The main Lithuania, the Commonwealth factor against the timely pub- State Jewish volume, published in 1997, was Theater (former devoted to the Jewish documen- of Poland, the Russian Empire, lication and dissemination of Choral Synagogue tary sources in the Moscow and after World War I, of Poland Jewish materials from the ar- building) in Minsk, archives. in the western provinces and the chives of Belarus is the nearly Belarus (1934). The present book, Soviet Union in the east. Under total absence of a consistent edited by Mark the Nazi rule 510,000 Jews were scholarly apparatus which Kupovetsky, murdered. After the war the pro- would lead the researchers to Eduard Savitsky vinces belonging to Poland fell the primary sources relevant and Marek into Soviet hands, and by 1970 to their research." Web, was the Jewish population of Soviet Work on the present volume printed by Belarus stood at 148,000. In 1989, began in 1992 under an the RGGU on the eve of independence from agreement between the Belarus Publishing Russia, the new Belarus had a Government, the RGGU and House. It Jewish population of 112,000. Project Judaica. It was carried includes Until the end of the 1980s the out by the Jewish Archival information Jewish collections in Belarus’s Survey, a Project Judaica task on practi- repositories were kept under group. cally all lock and key, practically inac- For more informaton on Jewish known cessible to researchers. “The Documentary Sources in the collections rehabilitation of the ‘archival Belarus Archives, visit the website of Jewish gulag’” says the book’s intro- of the RGGU publishing house: origin. duction, “began only in the early http://publisher.rsuh.ru/price.htm These 1990s…. Despite the emergence or e-mail: [email protected]. include during the last few years of

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Yale University Press to Reprint Two YIVO Classics: History of the Yiddish Language and Harkavy Dictionary new and complete two-volume translation of Yale’s agreement to reprint these works repre- AMax Weinreich’s monumental work, History sents a unique commitment to the study of of the Yiddish Language, is to be published in 2005 Yiddish language and literature. by Yale University Press. Weinreich was one of the founders of the YIVO Institute in Vilnius and was Article Invitations Issued its research director after YIVO’s headquarters for YIVO Encyclopedia were moved to New York in 1940. Published by YIVO posthumously in 1973, the original four- he first 60 articles for The YIVO Encyclopedia volume Yiddish-language edition included text Tof Jews in Eastern Europe have been submitted and extensive notes. In 1980, the University of and invitations have gone out to more than 400 scholars around the world to write 1,700 of the

Chicago Press published a one-volume English Publications translation of the main text, prepared by Shlomo approximately 1,800 articles currently planned. Noble, a colleague of Weinreich’s at YIVO; the Formal acceptances with signed contracts have notes, though translated, were never published. been received for almost 1,100 of the articles, The 1980 translation, long out of print, will be with more arriving daily. The project is therefore on target to meet its goal of commissioning all reissued together with the English-language articles by the end of 2003. notes, which have been edited by YIVO staff “Dozens of the most distinguished scholars have member Dr. Paul (Hershl) Glasser. agreed to take time from their own research pro- History of the Yiddish Language is organized in jects to prepare articles,” noted editor-in-chief two main parts: a cultural history of the language, Gershon Hundert. tracing its origins and roots in Jewish tradition; Most manuscripts are due in 2004. The articles and a technical, linguistic portion, discussing the submitted so far include major essays on the Bund, chronological and regional development and religious reform, relations between Jews and non- spread of Yiddish. The introduction to the 1980 Jews, and Poland from 1939 to 2000. The articles English edition notes, “This is not an ordinary are being sent to members of the project’s editorial scholarly work; it is a life work” representing the collegium; Hundert will also personally review all culmination of Max Weinreich’s career. On that manuscripts. edition, Professor Marvin Herzog of Columbia Commenting on the acceptance of invitations, University said it was “much more than a history Hundert said, “There has been a remarkable re- of the language — it is a socio-cultural history of sponse of great enthusiasm for The YIVO Encyclopedia Ashkenazic Jewry.” Professor Edward Stankiewicz from the entire scholarly community. The participa- of Yale University noted, “The true achievement of tion of the leading experts in every field will lend this Weinreich’s book for general linguistics is his encyclopedia enormous authority and make it the integration of the structural, geographic and socio- most important work of reference in Jewish Studies linguistics approaches.“ to be published in many decades. The YIVO Plans are also under way for Yale University Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe will occupy a Press to reprint another YIVO work, Alexander unique place, Harkavy’s Yiddish-English-Hebrew Dictionary. It reflecting and was originally issued by the Hebrew Publishing recovering the Company in 1925, with an expanded edition in vast heterogeneity 1928. Schocken Books, a division of Random of the East House, last reprinted the dictionary in cooperation European Jewish with YIVO in 1988, but that edition has been out of experience from print since 1990. The Harkavy dictionary is one of the early Middle the best-known Yiddish-English dictionaries; the Ages to the end other is Uriel Weinreich’s Modern English-Yiddish of the 20th Yiddish-English Dictionary (YIVO, 1968; reprint century.” 1990). The Weinreich dictionary, however, empha- The YIVO sizes modern Yiddish; as a two-way dictionary, the Encyclopedia is to number of entries is also more limited. The be published in Harkavy dictionary includes more material from 2008 by Yale (R-L) Editor in Chief Gershon Hundert, Editorial Assistant older literature and contains more entries in University Press Julie Draskoczy, and Project Director Jeffrey Edelstein general, making it an essential tool for serious (see related article review project status and article assignments at an students and scholars of Yiddish literature. on page 1). October meeting at YIVO.

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2003 Jan Karski & Pola Nirenska Prize YIVO Honors Dr. Michal Jagiello Director of Polish National Library r. Michal Jagiello, Di- Poland. He is also known for promoting Polish- Drector of the Nation- Jewish dialogue, especially among the Catholic al Library (Biblioteka clergy, and has been active as a board member of Narodowa) of Poland, has the ecumenical foundation “Tolerance.” been awarded the 2003 Jan Anti-Semitism and anti-Judaism are the subjects Karski and Pola Nirenska of Jagiello’s recent work, An Attempt at Discourse Prize. Endowed by Profes- (Próba rozmowy. Szkice o katolicyzmie odrodzeniowym sor Jan Karski at the YIVO i "Tygodniku Powszechnym," 1945-1953). Published YIVO News Institute for Jewish Re- in Warsaw in 2001, the book traces the history of search in 1992, the $5,000 several formations of Polish Catholic intelligentsia Dr. Michal Jagiello prize goes to authors of from the prewar years until the 1950s. It examines published works docu- the anti-Jewish attitudes that permeated the menting Polish-Jewish relations and Jewish thinking of political and intellectual Catholic contributions to Polish culture. The award cere- circles in Poland prior to the Second World War. mony was held on September 29, at the Jewish Jagiello has been involved in determining the Historical Institute in Warsaw. new democratic Polish government’s policies on Jagiello, 62, was recognized for his support of national minorities. He graduated from the Jewish cultural initiatives and for promoting tol- Jagiellonian University in Cracow, and until 1981 erance toward national minorities in present-day he held various posts in cultural institutions and in the government. With the introduction of mar- shal law in December 1981, he resigned from the government and joined the democratic opposition. As Communist rule unraveled, and the first Soli- darity-led government was installed in 1989, Jagiello was named Deputy Minister for Culture, a post that he held until 1997. Since 1998 he has served as Director of the Polish National Library. With his encouragement the National Library has organized exhibitions on Jewish topics, pro- motions of new Jewish books and research projects on Jewish life in Poland in the interwar period. He lectures at Warsaw University on national minor- ities in contemporary Poland and has published a volume of essays on this topic titled Partnership for the Future (Warsaw 1995, 2000). The 2003 award committee consisted of Prof. Jozef Gierowski, Jagellonian University, Cracow; Prof. Czeslaw Milosz, University of California at Berkeley; Prof. Jerzy Tomaszewski, Warsaw University; Prof. Feliks Tych, Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; and Marek Web, Senior Research Scholar, representing the YIVO Institute ex-officio. The late Professor Jan Karski, who established the prize at YIVO, was the envoy of the Polish government-in-exile during World War II. He brought to the West firsthand testimony about the conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto and in German death camps. The prize is also named in memory of Professor Karski's late wife, choreographer Pola Letter of appreciation from Karski-Nirenska Prize recipient. Nirenska.

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YIVO Music Archivist Chana Mlotek Honored by Milken Archive and JTS nown as the Sherlock Holmes of Yiddish the Mloteks’ column KMusic (a title bestowed upon her by Isaac appeared, a Holocaust Bashevis Singer), YIVO’s longtime Music Ar- survivor wrote to them, chivist, Chana Mlotek, has received the Lifetime saying that a concentration Achievement Award from the Milken Archive camp guard who heard a of American Jewish Music and the Jewish Theo- young boy sing the melody logical Seminary. The award was presented at a was so moved that he gave November 10 luncheon during the Milken all of the inmates an extra Archive’s “Only in America: Jewish Music in a bowl of soup. A few weeks

Land of Freedom” international conference in later, recalls Mlotek, they YIVO News New York. Officials at Milken noted that the 81- received a second letter — Chana Mlotek year-old Mlotek had been instrumental in their this time from the boy who research into Yiddish melodies and lyrics. had sung the song. Mlotek was born in Brooklyn in 1922 and started Together with her late husband, Chana has com- working at YIVO in 1944. She has served as music piled three anthologies of Yiddish music, the latest archivist since 1984. Chana is perhaps best known of which is Songs of Generations (1997). for a biweekly column about poetry and song that Reacting to the award, YIVO Chairman Bruce she and her late husband, Joseph Mlotek, wrote Slovin said, “While we speak about the treasures for the Jewish Forward until his death in 1999. in the YIVO collections, it is the talented people at Entitled Perl fun der yiddisher poezye (Pearls of YIVO who bring those treasures to light and make Yiddish Poetry), the column is still written them available to scholars and the general public. regularly by Chana and her son Zalmen. One of Chana Mlotek has put generations of Jews in Chana’s fondest musical memories relates to a touch with ther roots through song.” column about the song “Yidishe Mama” written by The 81-year-old sleuth termed the award “a Jack Yellin and Lew Pollack in 1925. Shortly after great honor” and made it clear that she has no intention of slowing down. “Every day, there’s Successful Summer Series something new that comes up,” she explained. Indeed, in every issue of Yedies, Chana Mlotek for YIVO’s Chicago Branch answers letters to the editor from readers seeking n cooperation with the Public Libraries of to identify or find copies of childhood melodies. IChicago, Evanston, Wheeling, and for the first time Northbrook, the Chicago YIVO Society’s Summer Festival held 14 one-hour noontime “Jewish Entertainment Hour” Tapes programs (all free and open to the public). These Find A New Home at YIVO events were held in a variety of libraries. The total audience, estimated at 2,800, was he Gary Wagner Collection of over 600 treated to solo performances by klezmer harpist Tvideotapes of “The Jewish Entertainment Annette Bjorling and storyteller Susan Stone, Hour” is now at YIVO. Mrs. Ilse Wagner was Yiddish songs sung by Cantor Stewart Figa present at the July dedication ceremony at the accompanied on the piano by Ilya Levinson, the YIVO Photo and Film Archives, where a plaque Chicago Klezmer Ensemble, humorist Stephen Z. was unveiled. The Manhattan cable television Cohen, Russian Women’s Melody Choir, Professor program was produced and hosted by the late Ilse Wagner Jeffry Mallow exploring “America: The Center of Gary Wagner in New York for more than 30 years. Modern Yiddish Poetry — REALLY!” and much The Dean of the YIVO Library, Brad Sabin Hill, noted, “YIVO more. Prof. Jan Schwarz (2003 Vivian Lefsky Hort already held a number of films in its archive, many of them with- Memorial Fellow at the YIVO Max Weinreich out sound. The newly acquired Wagner collection represents Center in New York and member of the Chicago YIVO's largest collection of ‘sound’ film, a trove of both voice and YIVO Executive Board) addressed “The Politics of music.” Yiddish in America" as part of the Summer The television show featured famous musicians, and cultural Festival. In mid-November he will be speaking in and political figures. Wagner’s hundreds of television guests Skokie on another related topic, “The Yiddish Poet included Jackie Mason, Abba Eban and Shlomo Carlebach. A Speaks! Historic Recordings from the 1950s.” professional photographer of celebrities and political figures, All events were planned, scheduled and Wagner also hosted a Jewish radio program, the “Gary Wagner introduced by Frieda Landau, Festival Chair. Freilich Time,” before launching his television show.

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14 YIVO News I M YIVO NewsWinter2003 V Now availableforthe A 522 Field Artillery BattaliononMay2,1945. war. HewasliberatedbytheJapanese-American George KadishintheKovnoGhettoduring to Jerusalem in abookentitled September. Thephotos,manyofwhichappeared “Light OneCandle”exhibition,whichranthrough NYC Chapter),SollyGanor, GeorgeMukaiandSteveWada. (past-National President),SumiMitsudoKoide(President, Stanley N.Kanzaki,SumiyeOkoshiMukai,LillianC.Kimura Ganor atreceptionforthe“LightOneCandle”exhibition.(L-R) Japanese-Ameri for “LightOneCandle”ExhibitionReception Japanese-American CitizensLeagueMembersVisit YIVO final yearsbefore theHolocaust. provides uniquetestimonyofJewishlifeinthe impoverished andmiddle-class.Thiscollection secular andreligious, educated andself-taught, r by YIVO, thenbasedinVilna, inthe1930s.They from hundreds submittedforcontestsconducted contains aselectionofautobiographieschosen 1931 astheJewishBrailleInstitute). audio versionprepared bytheJBI(establishedin is nowavailabletothevisuallyimpaired inan with the YIVO InstituteforJewishResearch, 2002) Holocaust or www JBI at(212)889-2525ortoll-free at1-800-433-1531 physically disabled,andlearning disabled.Contact available free ofcharge to thevisuallyimpaired, interest ontape,inBraille, andlarge-print, are eflect thegreat diversityofinterwarPolishJewry: n lateDecember2003, Autobiographies ofJewishYouth inPolandbefore the wakening Lives… isually Impaired A Edited byJeffrey Shandler, thishistoricvolume wakening Lives League attendedareception at YIVO forthe embers oftheJapanese-AmericanCitizens .jbilibrary (Yale UniversityPress incooperation by SollyGanor, were takensecretly by can Citizens LeaguememberswithSolly .or Light OneCandle:From Lithuania and otherbooksofJewish g . A wakening Lives: Fax e-mail T City/State/Zip Address Name Exp.Date Jewish Research. Your giftistaxdeductible. Please makecheckspayableto YIVO Institutefor Signature Card No. elephone (h) (w) ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ I wanttohelp YIVO preserve ourJewishheritage. of YIVO holidaycards, andalistingin collections. $54 – You willreceive the YIVO newsletter, 10 n oe–Abookfrom YlVO andaset $1000 andmore – A 10–Asetofpostcards from YIVO’s $100 – A 50–Abookfrom YIVO. $500 – A YIVOrecording. $360 – A setofholidaycards from YIVO’s $180 – A Other. ❏ collections. in Yiddish and English. nlsdi ycnrbto f$. Enclosed ismycontributionof$ AMEX 5Ws 6hSre,NwYr,N 10011-630115 West 16thStreet, New York, NY YIVO InstituteforJewishResearch Please charge mygiftto: ❏ VISA

❏ MasterCard ✁ ❏ Y edies Discover . Y edies ,

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One of 500 Yizker-Bikher in the YIVO Collection Jedwabne: City and Synagogue Remembered Jedwabne, in the Lomza province of northeast Poland, became a city in 1736. Its Jewish community included shoemakers, barrel makers, carpenters, tailors, wheelwrights, saddlers, smiths and makers of wheels for spinning wheels. The town was the subject of Professor Jan T. Gross's award winning book, Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland (Princeton University Press, 2001), which describes the destruction of the Jews of Jedwabne in the Summer of

l941 by the local Polish population. The community, dating to the early 18th century, is remembered in Library one of the 500 Yizker-Bikher (memorial books) in the YIVO library. Most of the books are in Hebrew and Yiddish. Some also have English sections. The following is an abstract from a chapter written by Abraham Blumowicz, a former resident. t was a very old, strange, and flat fantastic roof, projecting all in the prayers, and he did. He Imysterious-looking wooden around like an umbrella, pro- died the same year. This and building, black with age, but still tected it from the rain. The many other weird stories used to keeping erect and firm like some inside did not greatly differ from be told at the late hours of the old man who, though white and the exterior — the same shapes night. They used to make me wrinkled with years, still holds but hollow like a shell; only its shiver, yet I loved to listen to himself upright. How old it was walls were not so black. them. no one could tell. Some thought It looked serene and impres- Many years have passed since 300, others 500, and a few ven- sive during the day, yet myste- then. In my wandering over the tured as much as 1,000 years. rious and awe-striking at night. world I have visited many tem- Even the oldest inhabitants nev- Even the thickest darkness could ples, many places of worship, er remembered it looking any not hide its black shapes newer. Nor was it known who — they stood out sharply, the builder was, where he was staring at you with their born or died. Maybe his bones weather-beaten and dusty lay buried in one of the nameless windows like the persis- graves of the not-far-off ceme- tent and vacant eyes of a tery, wherefrom the upper part corpse. At that late hour of this structure could be distinct- only a few cared to come ly seen and sometimes even the near it, but not one would reverberation of the prayers from ever dare to go within. It it plainly heard. Judging by its was believed that the fine and impressive outlines and spirits of the departed, practical design, he must have from the not-far-off ceme- been a man of rare artistic abil- tery, assembled there at ities and sound common sense. midnight for their prayers. Though it was not built in the Some had seen them, usual fashion of a synagogue, a some had heard their stranger could never mistake it wailings, others had for other than it was ... Three noticed lights in the times a day, morning and eve- windows, a few, even ning without fail, every member while passing near it, had of the community laid aside his been called by their daily task and hastened into its names. Once a man who walls to join in common prayer, fell asleep during the their mixed plaintive voices evening prayer and was filling the atmosphere ... left behind, was suddenly It stood on an open ground awakened by a voice surrounded ... by dilapidated calling him by his name. wooden houses, which formed When he opened his eyes themselves into crooked and he found the whole place Yiddish map of narrow little streets with alleys filled with strange human some grand, others beautiful, Jedwabne from constituting the principal part of beings wrapped in white. One of but none equaled the one I re- the memorial the so-called town. It was square them had been reading from the member so well. book. ... with two sloping wings; ... a scrolls — he was invited to join [continued on page 17] hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 15 15357 12/17/03 7:36 AM Page 16

YIVO’s Judezmo Collection To Be Included in Israeli Bibliography nown for holding the books are held in the Li- Kworld’s largest collection brary of Congress, at of books and manuscripts in Harvard, at the Jewish Yiddish, the YIVO Library also Theological Seminary in has an important collection of New York, in the Es Haim Library books in Judezmo (also known Library in Amsterdam, at as Ladino, or Judeo-Spanish), the Royal Library in the vernacular language of Copenhagen, as well as in Balkan Sephardic Jews. It was Jerusalem. assembled by linguist William A typescript catalogue Milwitzky, whose archive of of the Milwitzky collec- research on Judeo-Spanish, tion was prepared over 20 conducted in the Balkans at the years ago by Judezmo end of the 19th century, is also linguist and bibliographer preserved in the YIVO Archive. David Bunis, now profes- (Milwitzky authored the survey sor at the Hebrew Uni- of “Judeo-Spanish Literature” in versity of Jerusalem. the Encyclopedia of Literature, Bunis’s studies, Problems New York, 1946.) Other impor- in Judezmo Linguistics and tant collections of Judezmo The Historical Development of Judezmo Orthography, Corrected proof of the title page for Alexander Harkavy's planned Der shpanisher lehrer [El were both published as Maestro Español], a Yiddish textbook for YIVO working papers in learning Spanish, with an appendix on Judezmo the 1970s. His volume (New York, 1902). Sephardic Studies: A Re- search Bibliography, pub- more than three times as many lished in collaboration with as were included in the pre- YIVO in 1981, remains a defin- liminary Reshimat sifre ladino itive tool in this field. Bunis’s (Catalogue of Judaeo-Spanish card catalogue of Milwitzky’s Books in the Jewish National and collection is available in YIVO’s University Library, Jerusalem) reading room. Records for all published by the Hebrew biblio- Judezmo books in the YIVO grapher Abraham Yaari in 1934. Library are also available on- Cohen confirmed that nearly 20 line in the automated YIVO items in YIVO’s collection are catalogue (searchable by the unica, i.e., unique copies, held term ‘Ladino’ in the ‘notes’ or in no other library in the world. ‘subject’ field), with romanized Microfilms of these YIVO vol- bibliographic data. umes have now been prepared Dov Cohen, a research associ- for the National Library in ate of the Institute for Hebrew Jerusalem. Bibliography at the Jewish Na- Most of those unique items tional and University Library are books printed in Istanbul in Jerusalem, recently examined (Constantinople) in the late 19th the Judezmo books in the century; there are also a few Milwitzky collection for inclu- from the printing centers of sion in a comprehensive bibli- Vienna and Jerusalem. Among ography of Judezmo printed these books are novels (usually Title page of the Livro de Instruksiyones [“Book of books, which is in preparation translated from the French), Instructions”] for the Singer Sewing Machine (New York, in Israel. To date, more than poetry, liturgies, and historical 1894), in Judezmo, for use by Balkan Sephardim. 2,500 titles from libraries around treatises. One rarity is a chil- the world have been incorpo- dren’s reading primer, Silavaryo rated in the new bibliography, espanyol, issued in Istanbul in

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Judezmo [continued from previous page] 1884, with a printing license compiled by YIVO in Ottoman Turkish on the title associate Jacob page. Another curiosity is an Shatzky). It is proba- instruction manual for the ble that it was never Singer Sewing Machine known printed, and it is even as the “Vibrating Shuttle.” possible that the said Printed in New York in 1894, appendix was never the manual was meant either written! Thus Library for Jewish immigrant workers Harkavy’s planned from the Balkans or for distri- treatise on Judezmo,

Nearly 20 books in YIVO’s collection are unica, i.e., unique copies, held in no other library in the world.

bution in the Ottoman Empire. of which the only relic By happy coincidence, an is the printed title apparently unknown curiosity page of a never- of Judezmo studies was uncov- finished book, Silavaryo espanyol (Constantinople [Istanbul], 1884), ered in the YIVO Archive shortly remains a biblio- a children's alphabet book for Judezmo. after Cohen’s visit. Among the graphic phantom. Max Weinreich’s brother papers of the Yiddish philologist The fresh examination of the Alexander during a visit to the Chaim Gininger is a manuscript Milwitzky collection this past Samaritan community in Yiddish grammar of Spanish, year is a reminder of the broad Palestine in 1927. apparently prepared around the scope of YIVO’s work on the turn of the last century by the philology and bibliography of famous American-Yiddish lexi- Jewish languages. Work by Jedwabne cographer Alexander Harkavy. It YIVO scholars on Judezmo and [continued from page 15] seems that this work, entitled other Jewish languages was Fate brought me to my native Der shpanisher lehrer [El Maestro surveyed by David Bunis in the place. With a beating heart I hur- Español, i.e. the Spanish teacher], introduction to his Sephardic ried my steps to that dearly was in preparation for publica- Studies. More recently, the for- beloved spot, but to my despair tion in 1902. A proof copy of its mer head of the YIVO Library, only a few stones, half-buried in title page was set in type that Zachary Baker, published (in the ground, met my bewildered year, but the rest of the book Judaica Librarianship vol. 9, 1994- gaze. It had been burned to the wasn’t published. According to 1995) a guide to the romaniza- ground some years ago by a fire, the title page, the volume was to tion, or transliteration, of Judez- which suddenly broke out. It include an appendix on Ladino, mo for bibliographic purposes. disappeared together with the oder idishe shpanish (Ladino or Also, nearly an entire volume of flames, it was said, before the Judeo-Spanish), of which there Max Weinreich’s Geshikhte fun people had time to regain their is no other trace. Nearly 30 years der yidisher shprakh (History of the breath. It went straight up into later, Harkavy did edit a work Yiddish Language) was devoted heaven. An old man told me it entitled Der shpanisher lehrer to the history of other Jewish was taken away from us because by one Prof. Saul Roso (P. S. languages, and YIVO associate we were no longer worthy of it. Rodriguez), but this handsome Zosa Szajkowski published the On the same spot, and at the vermilion-bound volume — most important study of Judeo- same hour every night, the souls issued by the Hebrew Pub- Provençal. The Strashun and of the departed from the not-far- lishing Co. in 1929, and now Vilna collections contain inter- off cemetery meet together and very rare — includes no appen- esting examples of various pray and weep over the loss of dix on Ladino. There is no men- Jewish languages (including the grand old synagogue. People tion of this apparently unpub- Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persian have seen them with their own lished Yiddish introduction and Judeo-Italian), and YIVO eyes, and some have heard their to Ladino in Harkavy’s bio- even holds an original Samari- wailing, but no one has ever bibliografye (New York, 1933, tan manuscript, acquired by since seen any lights. hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 17 15357 12/17/03 7:36 AM Page 18

Uriel Weinreich Summer Program Celebrates Double Khay (36 years) he Uriel Weinreich Program Valedictorian Hannah Pollin of Tin Yiddish Language, Litera- the Advanced class addressed the ture and Culture has celebrated question, “Why study Yiddish?” its 36th, or double-khay (two Through quasi-Talmudic twists times life) consecutive year. At and turns, she argued for the Center the siyem-hazman (completion value of learning Yiddish gram- ceremony), the zumer-program matical rules, along with their presented its first Lifetime exceptions, and of discussing the Achievement Award to Dr. oft contradictory themes found Hannah Pollin Sheva Zucker Mordkhe Schaechter, who had in Yiddish literature. Describing taught in nearly all of the previous 35 sessions. herself as “a 21-year-old, liberal, Keynote Speaker Sheva Zucker, Lecturer in half-goyish college student,” Pollin noted that the

Max Weinreich Yiddish and Holocaust Studies in the Department academic classroom environment allowed her and of Germanic Languages and Literatures at Duke an older, Orthodox Jewish man to amicably University and longtime instructor in the zumer- discuss the theme of intermarriage as found in program, exhorted the students to create their own Sholom Aleichem’s Tevya’s Daughters. connection to Yiddish by integrating it into their Pollin first became interested in Yiddish as a lives. She also spoke at length about the blooming high school student, when she worked at the of the language among Hasidim. National Yiddish Book Center. At Columbia College, she designed an independent major in Yiddish Studies; she and one other student will be the first to earn undergraduate degrees in Yiddish Studies at Columbia. Of the 65 students who completed the summer program, many demonstrated their achievements by reading essays, reciting poems and performing skits in Yiddish for their fellow zumer-programniks, teachers and family. The class of 2003 distin- guished itself for its high proportion of musical talent as the audience was treated to soloists, duetists and foursomes, often featuring ubiquitous accompanist Yosl Berland. The concluding piece of the student program was an uproarious

[continued on following page]

Yankl Salant, YIVO Director of Yiddish Language Programs, presents Lifetime Achievement Award to Dr. Mordkhe Schaechter. Morning Yiddish Instructors Hanan Bordin, Anna Gonshor, Naomi Kadar, Rebecca Margolis, Dr. Sheva Zucker CALLING ALL ZUMER- Afternoon Conversation Instructors Alisa Braun, Brukhe Caplan, Dr. Hershl Glasser, PROGRAM ALUMNI! Rivke Margolis, Perl Teitelbaum See our alumni newsletter, Zumer in nyu-york/Yiddish Summer Folksinging Workshop Leaders Times, on our website www.yivo.org. Click the link “courses” at Adrienne Cooper, Michael Fox, the bottom of the home page, then “Uriel Weinreich Program” Binyumen Schaechter for further links to issues of Zumer in nyu-york and the alumni Traditional Dance Workshop Leader questionnaire which can be submitted directly on line. A third Jill Gellerman newsletter will be on the web early in January. If you did not receive the first issue of our alumni newsletter, Translation Workshop Leader Zumer in nyu-york/Yiddish Summer Times (the only printed issue), Dr. Jeffrey Shandler contact Yankl Salant at (212) 294-6138, fax: (212) 292-1892, e-mail: Theater Workshop [email protected]. Hy Wolfe

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Summer Program Students Learn of Jewish Lodz [continued from previous page] From Polish Zumer-programnik iotr Piluk, a student Pin the Intermediate I class, gave a presentation for the zumer-program, called “Jewish Life in

Lodz.” Piluk came to New Center York prepared to share images and information he has accumulated as a journalist and docu- mentary photographer of Jewish life and history in his native Lodz and the rest of Poland. Max Weinreich Essentially a slide show of Piluk’s photo- Students performing a number adapted from the Yidisher Mikado. graphs, the presentation included images — some archival, but most his own — taken in performance of a number adapted from the Lodz of synagogues and other buildings of Yidisher Mikado, with a special cross-dressing Jewish interest and in Jewish cemeteries. It was twist of which Gilbert & Sullivan surely would introduced with a concise history of the city’s have approved. Jewish settlement, including its economic As in previous years, the summer program development and demographic changes. While included two distinct series of lectures, one showing the photographs, Piluk described the scholarly and the other popular. The weekly fate of Jewish-owned homes and factories and series “Aspektn fun der yidisher kultur in mizrekh- the Jewish quarter in general. He touched Eyrope (Facets of Jewish Culture in Eastern on the symbolism found on tombstones, the Europe)” consisted of presentations by a dis- upkeep of the cemeteries and current Jewish tinguished group of scholars. Lectures included life in Lodz. Ellen Kellman with “An Overview of Secular Piluk donated to the YIVO Archives a photo Yiddish Culture in Interwar Poland: Focus on the album of contemporary Jewish life in Lodz and Role of Libraries”; Jeffrey Shandler with “The Way a disc of a PowerPoint slide show called (Back) to Our Youth: YIVO’s Polish Youth Auto- “Jewish Cultural Heritage in Poland.” He is an biographies Project”; Hasia Diner with “The Set officer and events organizer in the Social and Table and the Empty Bowl: Jewish Food in Eastern Cultural Association of Jews in Lodz. He also Europe and Background to Emigration”; David teaches Yiddish classes for the association. Braun with “Forshung un problemen fun der yidisher Piluk’s photographs of synagogues, shtetls lingvistik in tsvishnmilkhomedikn Poyln (Research and Jewish cemeteries have been exhibited and Problems of the Yiddish Linguist in Interwar throughout Poland. Poland)”; Eliyana Adler with “Educational Op- tions for Girls in 19th-Century Eastern Europe”; and Jack Jacobs with “Bundishe ‘kegnkultur’ in tsvishnmilkhomedikn Poyln (Bundist “Counter- Zumer in New York, culture” in Interwar Poland).” Summer 2004! The series “Shtimen fun undzer folk (Voices of Our People)” consisted of talks by Yiddish speakers Uriel Weinreich Program who are active contributors to contemporary in Yiddish Language, Yiddish culture. The speakers included Khayele Literature and Culture Palevsky with “Mayn lebn in shtetl alt-Sventsyan (My Life in the Shtetl of Old Sventsyan)”; Beyle 6-week intensive summer program Schaecter-Gottesman with “Mayn veg fun kinderlider tsu zinglider (My Path from Children’s at Columbia University, June 28-August 6 Songs to Lyrical Songs)”; and Shifra Lerer with Contact: Yankl Salant [email protected] “Zikhroynes fun yidishn teater iber der velt (Memories of Yiddish Theater Around the World).” Tel: (212) 294-6138, Fax: (212) 292-1892

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Zumer-program Alumni Become Leaders in Jewish Studies Since its inception, The Uriel Weinreich Summer Program in Yiddish Language, Literature, and Culture at Columbia University, also known as the zumer-program, has played an important role in the development of emerging scholars. Some of today’s most prominent experts in the field of Yiddish literature, linguistics, and Jewish history attended the zumer-program. Its intensity and

Center high level of instruction continue to draw a diverse and skilled student body, including a significant number of Ph.D. candidates. The knowledge that these scholars gain from participating in the zumer-program enables them to utilize original Yiddish materials in YIVO’s archives and elsewhere. The program also provides an essential foundation for continued independent study of Yiddish, a particular benefit for those students from regions where regular Yiddish classes are not available. Many alumni of the zumer-program use their increased Yiddish skills to perform research, to write articles and books, and to become experts in a variety of academic fields. Years Max Weinreich after their participation, former students return as instructors and guest lecturers, and a new generation of scholars benefits from their expertise. Following are profiles of a few prominent alumni. Dr. Kathryn Hellerstein is Dr. Neil Jacobs is Associate Story Press, 1994). After one year Ruth Meltzer Senior Lecturer in Professor at Ohio State Univer- as a student, Klepfisz has served Yiddish and Jewish Studies at the sity in the Department of Ger- as an instructor, guest lecturer University of Pennsylvania. Her manic Languages. He received and translation workshop leader translations of women's writing his Ph.D. from Columbia Uni- in the zumer-program. She was in Yiddish into English include versity. Jacobs’s publications also the editor of Yedies fun YIVO/ Paper Bridges: Selected Poems of include Economy in Yiddish YIVO News for several years. Kadya Molodowsky (Wayne State Vocalism: A Study in the Interplay University Press, 1999). A poet, of Hebrew and Non-Hebrew Com- Dr. Steven J. she was a major contributor to ponents (1990), as well as articles Zipperstein is American Yiddish Poetry: A on the Hebrew-Aramaic com- The Daniel E. Bilingual Anthology (University of ponent in Yiddish; Yiddish Koshland California Press, 1986). Other phonology and morphology; Professor in publications include a translation history of the Yiddish language; Jewish Culture and study of Moyshe-Leyb and Yiddish linguistic geogra- and History, Halpern’s poems, In New York: phy. Once a zumer-program and co-director A Selection (Jewish Publication student, Jacobs has returned as of the Taube Dr. Irena Klepfisz Society, 1982) and Jewish American a guest lecturer. Center for Literature: A Norton Anthology, of Jewish Studies, Dr. Steven J. which she is co-editor (W. W. Dr. Irena Klepfisz is known for at Stanford Zipperstein Norton, 2000). her work as a poet, essayist and University. He translator. She is currently has published and lectured Adjunct Associate Professor of widely, with an emphasis on Women’s Studies at Barnard Russian and East European College. Klepfisz is the author of history. Zipperstein is the author A Few Words in the Mother Tongue of The Jews of Odessa (Stanford (1990) and Dreams of An University Press, 1985) and Insomniac (1991), both published Imagining Russian Jewry: Memory, by Eighth Mountain Press, and History, Identity (University of Continuing Education: was co-editor of The Tribe of Dina Washington Press, 1999). He also Yiddish classes & mini-courses (Beacon Press, 1989). She served serves as co-editor of the as coordinator of the 1995 Stanford Studies in Jewish Spring 2004 semester conference “Di Froyen: Women History and Culture Series begins in early February. and Yiddish,” and wrote the (Stanford University Press), Call YIVO at (212) 246-6080 introduction to the award- and of the journal Jewish Social for a flier and application. winning Found Treasures: Stories Studies (Indiana University by Yiddish Women Writers (Second Press).

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A Half Century Ago in Yedies In 1942, the Nazis looted YIVO’s Vilna library and archives and shipped them to Germany. Three years later, American forces found the materials in a cave near Frankfort-on-the-Main and notified YIVO’s New York office. It took several years for the treasures to be returned to their rightful owner. The momentous arrival of the library in New York was announced in a banner headline across the top of the March 1951 issue of Yedies fun YIVO/News of the YIVO, which is reproduced below. YIVO in History

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This issue of Yedies introduces a new feature that will unlock for our readers some of YIVO’s vast and varied collections — materials on all aspects of Jewish life, history and culture.

Eyewitness Accounts of the Holocaust Period (Record Group 104)

n April 1945, an appeal was Army and workers at Jewish relief YIVO began interviewing former Ipublished in the Yedies/News of organizations active in Europe. ghetto inmates, concentration the YIVO announcing the creation YIVO envoys were sent to camp prisoners, partisans and of a new division of the YIVO Europe to coordinate the search. others about their experiences in Archives called “Archive On Helpers were recruited in dis- Nazi occupied countries. These Jewish Life Under the Nazis.” The placed persons camps in Ger- efforts yielded 500 more

Collections authors of the appeal expressed many, Austria and Italy, and in testimonies. the belief that little evidence of Poland and other East European The YIVO Archives has been Jewish life in occupied Europe countries. acquiring new materials continu- had survived the Holocaust. They This effort led to the creation of ously from individuals who asked readers to wished to place send YIVO their their written letters and accounts in a eyewitness public repository. accounts received The collection now from Europe holds nearly 2,300 during the eyewitness Holocaust years. accounts. They Collecting document Jewish testimonies from experience in all the Holocaust countries under period has been Nazi occupation one of YIVO’s from September primary goals ever 1939 through May since. The attempt 1945. Included are to reach out to all accounts relating possible sources of to ghettos and Holocaust camps; testimonies evidence was most of Jews on the intense from 1945 Aryan side and in to the 1950s. In hiding; memoirs of those years, before Jewish partisans the founding of and underground Yad Vashem, and fighters; and before the estab- testimonies of lishment of children. Chil- Holocaust dren’s testimonies museums, YIVO Responding to the question, “What games did you play during the are generally brief, was one of the few war?”, Lusia Blufeld, a 6th grade student, wrote, “During the war I did but speak volumes. Jewish organi- not play games because I was hidden in a bunker.” (Poland, 1946). For example, Lusia zations that Blufeld, who was a devoted extensive resources to YIVO’s collection on the Holo- sixth grade student at a Yiddish locating and preserving documen- caust, which included, among school in Poland in 1946, was tary evidence on the annihilation other items, 1,143 eyewitness asked to write a class assignment of European Jewry. A network of accounts. on the games she had played YIVO collectors was organized In 1954, YIVO entered into an during the war. Her brief response which included prewar YIVO agreement with the new Yad was: In der tsayt fun der milkhome zamlers who had survived and Vashem Holocaust Memorial in hob ikh zikh gornisht geshpilt vayl ikh were living in the displaced Jerusalem to jointly expand the bin geven in bunker bahaltn (During persons camps, Jewish chaplains Holocaust archives and publish the war I did not play any games and soldiers in the United States Holocaust documentation. Fo- because I was hidden in a cusing on Holocaust survivors, bunker).

To help YIVO preserve these and thousands of other priceless collections, please contact Ella Levine at (212) 294-6128 or via e-mail at [email protected].

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AJRF – American Joint Reconstruction Foundation (Record Group 335.2) nown to the Yiddish-speakers throughout The AJRF was active until the outbreak of World KEurope as “Adraf,” the AJRF was one of the War II in 1939. most important links in the network of post-World Most of the documents in this collection are War I Jewish relief organizations. During and af- surveys, reports, correspondence, minutes and ter the war it rushed into Eastern and Southern photographs pertaining to the activities of hun- Europe to assist impoverished Jewish populations dreds of Jewish institutions on local, national and in rebuilding their shattered lives. Established by international levels. AJRF’s most significant ac- the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee complishment was the establishment of credit (JDC) and the Jewish Colonization Association cooperative societies, which provided credit and (JCA) on May 3, 1924, AJRF’s mission was to banking services for small businessmen, farmers rehabilitate the Jewish economy in the affected and artisans.

countries. AJRF helped rebuild Jewish-owned The AJRF records are important for the study of Collections structures that were destroyed during World War sociological, economic and demographic aspects I and encouraged productive economic activity of Jewish life during the interwar period. They primarily among the Jews of Eastern Europe. The shed light on the organized Jewish resistance, Foundation operated in many countries, including mutual aid work and the economic anti-Semitism Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Greece, Latvia, of the new states created in Eastern Europe after Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, Turkey and briefly in the war. Germany. The governing board included Herbert The mass destruction of Jewish communal re- H. Lehman, Felix M. Warburg, Joseph C. Hyman, cords during the Holocaust make the materials in Sir Osmond d'Avigdor Goldsmid, Dr. Leon the AJRF collection more valuable in filling gaps Bramson, Dr. Bernard Kahn and Dr. Louis Oungre. in the historical record of East European Jewry.

Maurice Schwartz’s Yiddish Art Theater (Record Group 498) he Yiddish theater collection But his greatest successes Tincludes records of several were achieved with the performing companies that works of Yiddish played leading roles in the dramatists Abraham development of the Yiddish Goldfaden, Jacob Gordin, stage. Unquestionably, one of Sholom Aleichem, S. the most important elements is Ansky, Sholem Asch, material on the achievements of H. Leivick, I.J. Singer, Maurice Schwartz and his Yid- and Ossip Dymov. The dish Art Theater. The Schwartz company played both in Papers document the history of its home city, New York, this company which, true to its and on tours worldwide. name, represented theater of a Of particular interest is a higher artistic merit. Organized series of about 200 Yiddish by Maurice Schwartz in 1918 and English plays that are and adopting its name in 1921, densely covered with it thrived in New York until Schwartz’s notes, com- 1955. It presented a repertoire of ments and staging direc- 150 plays, many of outstanding tions. Noteworthy are artistic value. It also spawned a several thousand generation of talented perfor- photographs, a veritable mers who starred on the Yiddish pictorial record of the and English stages. company’s 30-year exis- In addition to running the tence. There are also company, Schwartz directed and playbills, clippings, vol- produced most of these plays uminous correspondence and performed in many of them. and administrative re- He presented well-known plays cords, which illuminate by Shakespeare, Moliere, Gogol, the business end of run- Playbill from a Maurice Schwartz production of “Three Gifts” at the Shaw, Strindberg, Chekhov, ning a Yiddish theatrical Yiddish Art Theater (1945-46). Gorky, Tolstoy, and Schnitzler. company.

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Hopes and Shattered Dreams Songs of Immigrants to the “Golden Land” eptember 2004 marks the S350th anniversary of the arrival of the first group of bedraggled Jewish immigrants on the shore of New Amster- dam. They sailed in aboard the vessel Saint Catherine following

Archives their expulsion from Brazil when Portugal recaptured the territory from Holland. Though penniless, they were allowed to stay because of the intervention of influential Dutch Jews. The YIVO Archives contain numerous songs that reflect the hardships Jews endured and their aspirations and ambitions as they arrived in what was regarded as the Golden Land. Some of the songs praise the new land as a place where the Divine Presence rests, and where there would be no wars, blood- shed or czars. Others reflect the heartbreak over those left behind. In A Brivele Dem Tatn (A Letter to Father, 1911; words by Solomon Smulewitz, music by Joseph M. Rumshinsky), a son enters the new land, but his Sheet music of “A Letter to Father,”words by Solomon Smulewitz, music by Joseph father is rejected: M. Rumshinsky, New York City (1911). In Ellis Island the father is will ease my loneliness. I am The song goes on to contrast sentenced to be sent back. desolate, my child, without the freedom of the new land He does not have the you).” with the crushing social obli- Correction required strength of a giant. Poignant songs of misery gations of the one they left: The previous Therefore, his hopes are sharply contrast with paeans of issue of dashed. They don’t permit praise and rejoicing over the Girls will be able to get Yedies his child to come to him. Golden Land and the oppor- married without a dowry… reported that Both their hearts bleed. tunities it offers. One song, Lebn it will be like the Garden of the Mendel Tears and efforts don’t help. Zol Columbus! (Long Live Eden … they won’t need Beilis song They must part forever. Columbus) urges immigrants to matchmakers. was composed The old man’s torment is ignore the grumblers and lift by Mark especially great. The free Other songs in the YIVO their glasses. The words by Boris Warshawsky. land is chasing him out. Archives reflect the pioneering Thomashefsky, set to music by In reality, it spirit and the sentiments of the The father reaches out from the Arnold Perlmutter and Herman was based on new immigrants during tur- other side of the “Golden Door,” Wohl (1915), rejoice: Trinkt, a song by bulent periods of dislocation. urging his son: “A brivele dem briderlekh, lekhayim! Lebn zol Warshawsky. By reflecting their feelings, the tatn zolstu shraybn, / Yede vokh a Columbus far dem land dem songs give depth to a vivid beygele papir, / Dos vet mayn nayem! Zayt tsufridn (Brothers chapter of American Jewish eynzamkeyt tsetraybn, / Elnt bin drink lekhayim! Long live history. ikh, kindele, on dir (Write a letter Columbus for the new land! to your father each week. This Be happy!).”

24 YIVO News Winter 2003 15357 12/17/03 7:36 AM Page 25

New Accessions to the YIVO Archives

Hayim Margoles-Davidson HISTORY • Max Mermelstein donated a fully annotated collection Graphic Novelist Rediscovered of hundreds of photographs and documents relating to the history of the Jewish community of Skala, now in the Tarnopol province of Ukraine. The photographs were utilized in the compilation of the Skala memorial book, which the donor edited. He also donated addi- tional Skalar Benevolent Society materials and a copy of a video documentary on Skala. Archives • Max Pritikin donated several historical articles by the Argentinean Yiddish historian/journalist Mendl Zaks, who was born in Konin, Poland in 1897. • Professor Moshe Amon donated the minutes, in Yiddish, of the Tseirei Tsiyon (Labor Zionist) group in Bialystok, Poland (1914-1917). Before settling in Palestine, the do- nor’s father, Meyer Borowski, led the group. • Dr. Seymour Bortner donated a Polish account of the Jews of Kamien, near Sandomierz (Tsoyzmer), Poland. • Larry Mooney donated documents relating to the historian Jacob Shatzky (Szacki), including Shatzky’s Hayim Margoles-Davidson (inset) and a manuscript 1922 doctoral diploma granted by the University of Warsaw. illustration by Jacob Seldin. Donor: Reuben Davidson. • Anatoly Romanov donated (via Dr. Joseph Stremlin) a Russian historical essay by his mother-in-law, Professor he inclusion of graphics in literary narratives Estra Kaganova, which deals with Jewish life in Konotop, Ukraine, at the beginning of the 20th century. Professor for adults was pioneered by the Yiddish T Kaganova also donated her memoir of the year 1917. literary group “Proletpen” more than 80 years ago. Hayim Margoles-Davidson (Warsaw, 1891- • Frank Siegel donated additional correspondence of Benjamin Lubelski, written while the latter was serving New York, 1960) was a leading figure in that in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil group, which stressed class struggle in its crea- War. tive output. A graphic artist, he often collab- • Stephen Grafman gave a full listing of the Jewish resi- orated with others, most frequently Jacob dents of Butrimonys, Lithuania, in 1937. Seldin. They used graphics not only on cover pages but also on text pages to advance the • Mili Hecht Siegel donated documents relating to the history of the Jewish communities of Felso Viso (also A group gathered story narratives. known as Viseul de Sus), Leordina and Ruscova. All at the Jewish Margoles-Davidson served in the Russian three towns are currently within the borders of Rumania. cemetery, Felso army during World War I and saw action on the • Eiran Harris donated historical documents, including Viso [Viseul de Turkish front. His three-volume memoir, I Came material on the Jewish community in Egypt. Sus], Rumania Out Alive, describes his traumatic war experi- (1930s). Donor: ences. Following the war he settled in Tiflis, the [continued on page 26] Mili Hecht Siegel. capital of the Republic of Georgia, where he founded the Yiddish Dramatic Circle before immigrating to New York in 1921. Margoles-Davidson published novels, short stories, poetry, feature articles, plays, farces and humorous monologues. His work was praised by leading “bourgeois” critics such as Shmuel Niger and Alexander Mukdoni, but he — along with other "Proletpen" members — is now being rediscovered by modern scholars. The papers of Hayim Margoles-Davidson were donated to YIVO by his son, Reuben Davidson. The collection includes photographs, graphic art, manuscripts, reviews, typescripts and pos- ters announcing his many public appearances.

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, 25 15357 12/17/037:36AMPage26 26 Y (1949). Donor: soldiers, Eilat Israeli women edida Nielsen. Archives New Accessions YIVO NewsWinter2003 • StefanieRugoff Lockerdonated the • Dr. Bernard Lewisdonatedmemoirs • Walter Blazerdonatedmiscella- • EricGordon donatedan American • MurrayKasscontributedtapesof • RuthKremen gaverare Jewish • Professor MarkRaderdonatedthe Harlem. delivered byRalphWolf Rugoff in 1920 Yiddish barmitzvahspeech been demolished. in 1968,andthebuildinghassince lem. Thecongregation disbanded T and photographsofthe Yeshivas Circle HomeinMedia,PA. ephemera from theWorkmen’s tion, whilePamMoscowdonated of SeaGate(Brooklyn) congrega- neous itemsfrom theKneses Israel anti-Semitic leafletfrom 1939. Committee from 1941-1966. American JewishJointDistribution who servedasChairmanofthe government toEdward Warburg, as amedalawarded bythePolish speeches byIsraelileadersaswell (Samuel Hurwitz). Litwin ethnographer A. scroll), andaletterfrom the Megillat Esther NJ, aswella19th-century Harmonia colonyinPlainfield, including materialsfrom the Agricultural Societydocuments, in theUnitedStates. Labor Zionistfraternalorganization National Workers Alliance, themain of thefoundersJewish journalist andeditor, whowasone papers ofMeyerBraun, Yiddish oras Chaimcongregation of Har- (Book ofEsther • Familydocumentsandphotographs • Yedida Nielsendonatedfamily • LauraMargolis donatedher family’s • Sara-SueShareff andBarry • Jason Alpert donatedthe • RozKomisarBlanckdonated • Gertrud Grangergavea AND GENEALOGY LANDSMANSHAFTN • RoseKlepfiszdonatedmaterials • HelenaNodeldonatedthe400-page HOLOCAUST Horn). T Steigman, Bruce J.Taub and Yetta Setlowe, Dr. Adelyn Soifer, Sami Schiffmiller), DavidR.Moss,Karen Levinson (jointlywithBernard Kushner, SusanLadner, Barbara Hyman, Lawrence Kravitz,Ron Gerber, BarbaraGreen, Frances with LillianGarfunkel),Marylin donors: Marcia Bernstein(jointly were alsogivenbythefollowing of Israel. period andearlydaysoftheState as wellmanyfrom theMandate photographs from EasternEurope, decades. Bernard, overthecourseoftwo bled andarrangedbyherlatefather, documents andphotographsassem- extensive collectionofgenealogical during World War II. served asan American soldier that oftheirfather, Max,who family memorabilia,inparticular and BenevolentSocietyaswell Sick Breziner documents ofthe Pearce join organized in1890. Benevolent Society constitution oftheBrisker based ingreater Detroit. Horodoker Organizations sary journaloftheDavid- a copyofthe65thanniver- from 1950-1962. David, wastheeditor husband, 1848. Thedonor’s Society establishedin the NoahBenevolent for 1927-62,publishedby bound setofthe uprising. perished intheWarsaw Ghetto about herhusband,Michael,who late husband,Emanuel. a SurvivorinStalin’s Russia memoir anenbaum (jointlywithHerbert [continued from page25] Narrow Escapes:TheStoryof tly tly donated Noah News , byher , Shareff. Donors: BarryPearceandSara-Sue Brzeziny, Poland(ca.World War I). David LipkowczinPolisharmyuniform, • SpecialthankstotheLeoBaeck • Professor DovLevindonatedaddi- • IsaiahKupersteindonated,onnine • IstokorOdinayevdonated(via • RukhiNarkisdonated(viaMasha • VladimirSilverstone(viaDr. Joseph • Dr. Diane Afoumado donated Ostrolenko, Poland. memoirs ofSholemShnadovitch Institute fordonatingthewartime the Holocaust. Jews intheBalticcountriesduring tional materialsonthefateof Unit oftheLodzGhettopolice. David Gertler, headofthe Special compact disks,hisinterviewof Nazi Germany. used byprisonersofwarheldin Mr. Kantorovich gaveamoneychit by forced laborers inNaziGermany. and ametalidentificationtagworn Leonid Kantorovich) anarm patch W T Puttermilch) herstudyofthe Union. propaganda from occupiedSoviet Stremlin) gavesamplesofNazi during theHolocaust. several ofherstudiesFrench Jews sukunft-Youth Bundgroup inthe arsaw Ghetto. 15357 12/17/03 7:36 AM Page 27

ART, ARTIFACTS, PHOTOGRAPHS AND FILMS • Shifra Wertheimer donated a full Bukharan Jewish bridal costume, in excellent condition, which has been in her family since the mid- 19th century. • Evelyn Kalinsky contributed large- scale embroideries made by her mother in Russia at the end of the 19th century, as well as silver Jewish Archives ceremonial objects from the same period. • YIVO National Board Member Martin Peretz donated a large, hand-painted, polychrome drawing containing a prayer for Joseph Stalin, done in 1950 in the Soviet Jacob Patt of the Jewish Labor Committee (center) visiting Bundist survivors in Union. Lodz, Poland (1945). Donor: Hanka Ellenbogen. • Rose Ibsen Sigal provided additional materials to the papers of her hus- LANGUAGE, LITERATURE • Goldie Gold donated materials on band, Rumanian-born enamellist Bar mitzvah the writing of Yiddish in shorthand. and painter Albert Dov Sigal. AND CULTURE boy Gedalyahu • Posters were donated by Professor • Merle Kastner donated two letters • Libbe Hurvitz Madsen gave a trans- Lachman with his Gabriella Safran and YIVO National from Rabbi Isaac Jacob Reines lation, by Esther Newman, of the father, Shmaye, Board Member Dr. Chava Lapin. (1839-1915) of Lida, Lithuania, who YIVO-published article, “Comments in Skala, Ukraine on Psychological Terminology,” was a founder of the religious [continued on page 28] (1926). Donor: Max Zionist movement. originally written by Nathan Mermelstein. Hurvitz, the donor’s father. • Reuben Davidson donated the papers of his father, the Yiddish • Dr. Chana Schachner donated var- writer and artist Hayim Margoles- ious materials relating to Yiddish Davidson (see feature article). culture in the United States. • Emil Malamud donated (via Haim • Rhoda Newman contributed two Beider) Mazl and Shlimazl, the last unpublished book-length English- novel by his father, the Soviet language memoirs by her mother, Yiddish writer, Khayim Malamud the Yiddish writer Anna Safran (1907-1993). Bially: “My Parents Elope Two Months After Their Wedding” and • Toby M. Geiringer donated poems “My First Six Years in America.” by the Yiddish poet Yonia Fain (born in 1914), who grew up in • Miriam Beckerman donated her Vilna and spent the war years in English translation of the first Shanghai. volume of the memoirs of David Wolpe, a Yiddish writer who lives • Sam Flapan gave additional papers in South Africa. of the Yiddish writer Israel Silberberg-Cholewa (1898-1981). • Marvin Itzkowitz donated the memoirs of his father, Ben. • Stephen Fife donated the English- language novel Another Place, • Barbara LaBelle donated her Another World, by Anna Kainen, translation of the memoir “As which deals with Jewish life in It Happened Yesterday,” by her rural Hungary. uncle, Yosl Cohen, a Yiddish writer. • Varda Grinspan donated the papers • Edith Kace contributed the Russian- of her husband, New Jersey-based language memoirs of her father, Yiddish and Hebrew teacher Joseph Yakov Shleyfstein, written in 1905. Grinspan. The papers include a • Laura Kramer donated her large selection of curriculum mate- transcription of the Yiddish rials developed by Mr. Grinspan. memoirs of her uncle, Nathan • Renee Dubroff donated additional Yablonsky. materials to the papers of her father, • Joy Dryer donated the English- Yiddish folklorist Chaim Sheskin. language autobiography of her grandmother, Esther Weinstein.

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Sound Archives Interns Enhance Archives Accessibility new internship program is making YIVO’s Avast holdings of recorded sound more acces- sible to researchers, performers and scholars. Instituted by Sound Archivist Lorin Sklamberg in the fall, it began with the recruitment of a pair of young klezmer musicians and music students. “YIVO’s Max and Frieda Weinstein Archives

Archives of Recorded Sound contain some of the insti- tute’s most sought-after collections,” lamented Sklamberg. “And while the cataloging of the 78- rpm discs and noncommercial recordings was begun in the 1980s, the lp collection was, until recently, difficult to explore. A number of other (L-R) Interns Matt Temkin and Jake Shulman-Ment with important sound documents remain almost com- Sound Archivist Lorin Sklamberg. pletely inaccessible." “I’ve already learned a lot and seen lots of records The two interns are percussionist Matt Temkin, I never knew existed,” Temkin declared. “The 23, a masters student in musicology at Brooklyn breadth of material here is amazing.” College and violinist Jake Shulman-Ment, 19, an Shulman-Ment is cataloging 78-rpm discs and undergraduate student at New York University. cleaning and resleeving older items, a job that Accomplished klezmer musicians, both have exposes him to recordings made a century ago. "I played in bands and attended KlezCamp. love having access to all this music,” Shulman- Temkin, who currently is also serving as an Ment says. “I’m getting a sense of what the Jewish archivist at the Klezmer Conservatory Foundation music industry was like in the early 20th century and attended last summer’s Uriel Weinreich and learning about 78s. I don’t think I’d ever really Program in Yiddish Language, Literature and seen a 78 until I started working at YIVO!” Culture, is helping to create the catalog system.

New Accessions [continued from page 27] • Miscellaneous graphic materials Jennifer Berman, Doris Gold, Danny Newman, Gloria were donated by Professor Aviva Donen Sosin and Rachel Weintraub of the Jewish Tal, Professor Bella Hass Weinberg Historical Society of Central (New) Jersey. and YIVO Head Librarian, Aviva Astrinsky. • Delores Kaner Sigel, with other family members, donated the papers of her grandfather, Raful Kaner. Born in • Films were donated by Harvey Lithuania, he spent most of his life in Superior, Glick, Martin Levinson, Neil Ira Wisconsin, where he served as shoykhet (ritual slaugh- Needleman and by a Ms. Seidman. terer) and cantor. His papers consist of three notebooks containing 500 pages of handwritten musical manu- • Historic photographs were do- scripts, which reflect the scope of Kaner’s turn-of-the- nated by Hank Bayer, Ed Colker, century repertoire as a cantor. Eileen Curtis (via Ronald D. Doctor), the late Chana Werkcwajg • Isabel and Harold Katz donated (via Fay and Marvin Ellenbogen (via Solomon Krystal), Itzkowitz) a large collection of tapes and scores from the Lazar Greisdorf, David Kuba, American Jewish Choral Society of Los Angeles, which Rachel Levit Lisman (via Esther they founded in 1954. The Society lasted for 40 years. Hautzig), Eva Rosenblatt, Zula Shchibuk, Dr. Joseph Stremlin and • Yiddish sheet music was also donated by Robert J. Arlene Strowman. Arthur, Malke Gottlieb, Elaine Kimpel, Sheryl Lewis, Maddy Simon (via Fay and Marvin Itzkowitz) and Del and Freda Zucker. THEATER AND MUSIC • Recordings of Jewish music were donated by Toby • Miriam Rosen donated the Berger, Bernice Birnbaum, Serena Cummins, Andrew papers of Hershl Rosen, who Ingall of the Jewish Museum in New York, Meyer and participated in many performan- Diane Malakoff, Irwin J. Miller of the Jewish Historical ces of the Artef and Folksbine Society of Lower Fairfield County in Connecticut, Yiddish theatrical troupes. Stephen Rochlin, Eve Sicular, Michael Taylor, Dave and Constitution of the Brisker Benevolent • Yiddish theatrical programs and Helen Tiger, Joy Weinberg and Esther Weinreb. Society, organized in 1890. Donor: Jason materials were also donated by Alpert.

28 YIVO News Winter 2003 15357 12/17/037:36AMPage29 a wonderfulbook!! r Her book Lifetime AchievementAward. honoring RuthGruber with the each issue!! I’m 79—sopleaseprintafewin while foryoutogetaround toit. starts with“M.”So,itwilltakea issue. The print afewoftheseineach it’s agreat idea.Isuggestyou your 500 Yizker Books.Ithink you haveanabstractofone 196 (Summer2003),onpage16 It’s sofullofknowledge!Inissue YIVO News I can’twaittillreceive your Y V Pinkas Hakehillot—Poland the cityinfollowingsources: Zowten. There isinformationabout Ezupol, Jezupol,Yezapol and Chesybesy, Cieszybiesy, Czesybiesy, the followingnames:Azipolia, as Zhovten.Itwasalsoknownby The shtetlJezupolisknowntoday information aboutthisshtetl? think youmighthaveany Stanislawow, Galicia.Doyou about sevenmilesnortheastof by theJewishpopulation).Itis named Jezupol(called Azipoli My familywasfrom a Seeking ShtetlInfo to should besentto 10011-6301YIVO at15West orviae-mail 16thStreet, New York, NY Readers areencouragedtowriteYIVObyregularmailore-mail. and DuringtheHolocaust,Vol. 3. clopedia ofJewishLifeBefore ecommended toyourreaders — ol. 2,p.287-288and Keep upyourgoodwork! Also, onpage5,youmention izker-Bikher [email protected] Raquela shtetl every fewmonths. * * Bethesda, Maryland Las Vegas, Nevada I’m interested in should be Lillian Altman Denise Azbill The Ency- shtetl . — Letters toYIVO noun modified,whenitprecedes it. of a zisyingl ziser mentsh zise froy music. famous poem,whichhesetto memoirs. " books ofpoetry, shortstoriesand in 1993).Hewrote overadozen note inthe the rest ofhislife(ahandwritten back toPalestine,where he spent Poland from 1929-1933,then went Palestine in1924.Helived born inWarsaw in1899,settled March 2,1924.Yoysef Papiernikov, " 1958), p.186,itstatesthatthesong Heymishe unnoente In Y. Papiernikov's memoirs to contact. to useit,andifso,whoweneed determine ifweneedpermission first published?We are tryingto when Papiernikov'spoemwas own translation.Doyouknow zayn Bikel, includedthesong“ One ofthecontributors,Theodore book inhonorofDanielPearl... Jewish Lightsispublishinga Papiernikov Poem (pronunced woman, manorchildis" Zis zies sweet, someoneissweet.Isthat I amlookingforhowtosay A SweetInquiry Zol zayn Lauren Seidman,AssistantEditor: zis ? is sweet.Here’s itsusage:That ” inhispiece,alongwith zeesa depends onthegenderof (a sweetwoman).Heisa ? " wascomposedon Zol zayn Jewish LightsPublishing Leksikon (a sweetboy).Theform zees (a sweetman).Heis * * W ). BUT... Sheisa oodstock, Vermont Eugene, Oregon " ishismost says hedied (Tel Aviv, zis Lisa Rosen Zol " www have anythingonthis? (JacobSandler).Doyou Eli I amlookingforarecording of Eli on January15,1976. appeared inthe 1972. Thestoryofthecatand dog 19, 25,26,andonMarch 3,4,in following dates:February12,18, Chelm storiesappeared onthe in the The Yiddish versionswere serialized help meinthismatter. very obligedtoyouifcould contact withyou.Iwouldbe have advisedmetogetin Straus andGiroux, andthey the publishingcompanyFarrar, Cat.” Ihavealready contacted Dog WhoThoughtHeWas a Thought SheWas aDogandThe Chelm” and“TheCatWho the stories:“TheFoolsof especially interested intwoof Horse Sus StorytellerandHis Naftali the published inEnglishthebook texts in Yiddish ofthestories I amsearching fortheoriginal Naftali andSus as available onCD,from suchvendors Archives, andmanyversionsare of thispieceintheYIVOSound at MGM.We havemanyrecordings audition pieceforLouisB.Mayer Perry Como!ItwasJudyGarland's everyone from Yossele Rosenblattto century, havingbeenrecorded by r Eli wasoneofthemostpopular eligious concertpiecesofthe20th www .jewishmusic.com Y iddish Forward. .hativahmusic (1973 and1976).Iam Letters Baltimore, Maryland * * Y iddish Forward Fred L.Hoffman Paula Grossman . com . The and hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002

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pui Tn†k pui hshgu, i i u u p p g g y y f f h h a a g g d d cTbs muuhhyi pui pTrthhi'" thkuxyrT- sh pr˙vhhy"/ ]!{w †rdTbhzTmh†i Truhxdgdgci auhi v†y hHuu† uuhkbgs gr h h s s i i h h t t d d b b u u d d g g u u u u T T c c - - r r g g y y g g c c r r T T r r g g a a h h s s H H h h r r g g s s r r g g e e r r † † h h - - u u h h b b sgr thi dgsruey dguugi thz mhg uu†x w † † u u u u H H h h i i u u p p , , u u g g h h s s h h t"y cukgyhi T s w tubygr sgr rg- sgr tubygr w i i y y T T y y a a g g y y e e h h b b h h h h t t r r T T p p xgPygn- 02xyi pui d d b b u u y y ˙ ˙ m m x x e e k k † † p p g g a a h h s s u u h h ag,- T c˙ †Paygki sgruh; zhl nhr'i sTemhg pui yagrhe†uugr/ †y sgr muuhhygr sgr †y yagrhe†uugr/ pui sTemhg eTPhyk thbgo thcgrdgsruey tui 9881 cgr zhl v†ci , , u u g g h h s s h h TngrheTbgr sh vFuar/ cTbs thz Truhx nhy T eurmgr m˙y aPg- m˙y eurmgr T nhy Truhx thz cTbs sh thi cTuugdubd x†mhTkhxyhag hHshag Ish uu†x sgo b†l 3491w thi sruei †bdgvuhci ygrw thi 5491w b†l yagrhe†uugrx yuhy/ yagrhe†uugrx b†l 5491w thi ygrw 'Trcgygr- hHshagr sgr ≈ h†ri 08]81[gr Trhcgr 0491 thi thz hHuu† pubgo zh. sgr ehhi bhu-h†re/ cTks bhu-h†re/ ehhi thbgo grayi bungr thz bungr grayi thbgo s† T yruhgrheg hshgvw yruhgrheg T s† uugdi sgo prhm˙yhei sgo uugdi yuhy pui tkhvu yag- tkhvu pui yuhy rhe†uugrw kTbdh†rhegr rhe†uugrw nhyTrcgygr tui vuhPy tui nhyTrcgygr pui sgr vhxy†rhagr sgr pui xgemhg/ s† uu˙ygr s† xgemhg/ sruei nhr thcgr T thcgr nhr sruei w , , u u g g h h s s h h sh pui z˙yk bun' 4w xgPygncgr 4w bun' 4491w uuU yagrhe†uugr uuU 4491w uugry sgrn†by/ uugry ng zgyw Tz mu hgbgr mu Tz zgyw ng m˙y v†y zhl sgr zhl v†y m˙y vhxy†rhagr er˙z c˙o er˙z vhxy†rhagr hHuu† pTrbungi nhy pTrbungi hHuu† tuhxp†rai sh hHshag sh tuhxp†rai Trcgygr-cTuugdubd thi Trcgygr-cTuugdubd Tngrheg/ thbgo Tr- thbgo Tngrheg/ yhek tuhci rgfyx tuhci yhek ar˙cy ngi uugdi sgow uugdi ngi ar˙cy uuh auugr x'thz dguugi x'thz auugr uuh pTr sh xuugyaTP- sh pTr Trcgygrx tui uuh tui Trcgygrx zhhgrg ehbsgrw nhy ehbsgrw zhhgrg mgbskhegr h†ri mgbskhegr aPgygrw v†ci s†x v†ci aPgygrw yTyg-nTng T chxk T yTyg-nTng bhay dgdkhhcy/ bhay pTrrupy ngi zhl zhl ngi pTrrupy tuh; sgr Trcgy pui b/ pui Trcgy sgr tuh; d†kscgrd thi sh b˙g sh thi d†kscgrd cag≤uw r r g g y y g g k k c c - - † † u u u u H H h h / / IIIXX c' †cgr x'vuhPy- †cgr thbygrgxTbyg thz sh thz thbygrgxTbyg thkuxyrTmhgw sgr thkuxyrTmhgw Ithhpgk-yurgo"w dgnTfy pui hHshag pui dgnTfy v†rgPTabhegx uu†x v†rgPTabhegx yr†di T p†i nhy sh nhy p†i T yr†di uugrygr IuuhxbaTpyw uugrygr

z YIVO News Winter 2003 15357 12/17/03 7:37 AM Page 31

sTbecrhuu pui zungr-xyusgbyi pui sTbecrhuu crhuu Tkg uu†x pTrbgngi zhl nhy hHsha thi sgr zungr- sgr thi hHsha nhy zhl pTrbgngi uu†x Tkg uu†x shw mu sTbecrhuu xyusgbyi sh ar˙ci h†r Tkg uuh Pr†drTo/ uuh thr uuhhxy kgri thl hHshag aPrTl tui aPrTl hHshag thl kgri uuhhxy thr uuh Pr†drTo/ erhdi z†ki xyusgbyiw sh zhhw Fsh cTay˙gry zhl v†ci khygrTyur thi n†xeuug tui pTr nhr thz s†x kgrbgi zhl kgrbgi s†x thz nhr pTr tui n†xeuug thi khygrTyur nhr sruei uu˙ygr s† zhl/ kgrbgi mu tuh; xyhPgbshgx tuh; sgr Pr†drTo dguugi zhhgr bumkgl/ zhhgr dguugi Pr†drTo sgr tuh; T )thbcTr(w gbcr s†bh xyusgbyiw muuhh pui crhuu cgrk kTfnTi )n†xeuug( kTfnTi cgrk tui eTkhp†rbhgw thi uuuhby uu†x hårtk thi dgcuhrgbgr cgrk kTfnTiw T n†xeuugr: T kTfnTiw cgrk hcg pr' ≤nrv kguuhi ]Tdçw tuhl T dguugzgbg T tuhl ]Tdçw kguuhi ≤nrv pr' hcg xyusgbyeg thi sgr zungr-Pr†drTo[w sgr thi xyusgbyeg k y˙grg jçryg dgkg phanTiw dgkg jçryg y˙grg n˙i †bdgvuhci thl v†c murhe h†r muuTbmhe nhy thl chi dgeungi ehhi Tngrheg pui uu˙yi ruxkTbs tui ruxkTbs uu˙yi pui Tngrheg ehhi dgeungi chi thl d†kspTsgiw Tçrvo nhy r†nTi khygrTrha-ygTyrTkhai s† v†c thl dgpubgi T uuTrgngi tuhpbgow T druhxi T tuhpbgow uuTrgngi T dgpubgi thl v†c s† tui mudgPTxy v†c thl ygTygr/ hHshai pui p†ygr sgo thbygrgx mu zhl tui tubygrayhmubd pui t˙gr z˙y t˙gr pui tubygrayhmubd tui zhl mu thbygrgx tui hårtkw thi d†kspTsgbgi pui Phgxg T rgzahxhry cTzubsgr/ s†x grayg n†k v†c thl t˙l sgrzgi tuh; sgrzgi t˙l thl v†c n†k grayg s†x cTzubsgr/ cTaT; sgo tui kgci z˙i uugdi Phgxg Tbsgr Ti dgarhci sgr kgrgr-e†bpgrgb. thi yg†k†dhai xgnhbTr ≈ nhr ≈ xgnhbTr yg†k†dhai thi kgrgr-e†bpgrgb. sgr mu cTak†xi thl v†c thmy / show businessbusiness show hHshai pui thz dguugi zhhgr duy t˙l mu vgri tui mu anugxi nhy anugxi mu tui vgri mu t˙l duy zhhgr dguugi thz T chi thl ygngx/ zgkcg sh uugdi s†ey†rTy n˙i ar˙ci t˙l/ thl kgri hHshag aPrTl tui khygrTyur thi khygrTyur tui aPrTl hHshag kgri thl t˙l/ tui cgrekh thi tubhuugrxhygy eTkhp†rbhgr thi xyusgby n†xeuug/ Tju. sgo phr thl thi n†xeuug T hHsha-ekuc T n†xeuug thi thl phr sgo Tju. n†xeuug/ h†r T nhy aPrTl hHshag sh kgrbgi †bdgvuhci v†c tui b†l T P†r er˙zkgl pTr sgruuTexgbgw uu†x ng uu†x sgruuTexgbgw pTr er˙zkgl P†r T b†l tui thi hHuu†-Pr†drTo sgr thi uu†fi zgex kgmyg sh murhe/ Pruchry s†ry mu rhhsi tuh; hHsha/ T druhxi sTbe t˙l sTbe druhxi T hHsha/ tuh; rhhsi mu s†ry Pruchry xl! T dgv†kpi nhr v†ci bhu-h†re pTr t˙gr ayhmubd tui tubygrvTkyi hHsha/ tubygrvTkyi tui ayhmubd t˙gr pTr )xTi-prTbxhxe†( gbcr s†bh cgrk kTfnTi cgrk ng ar˙cy tubsz tubsz ar˙cy ng

y˙grgr s"r vgrak dkgzgrw vgrak s"r y˙grgr thl uuhbya t˙l tui t˙grg e†kgdi T dgzuby tui dgzuby T e†kgdi t˙grg tui t˙l uuhbya thl aTpgrha b˙ h†r/ z†k z˙i akuo thcgr sgr dTbmgr sgr thcgr akuo z˙i z†k h†r/ b˙ aTpgrha uugky! thl v†;w Tz sgr hHuu† PkTbhry uu˙ygr surfmuphri uu˙ygr PkTbhry hHuu† sgr Tz v†;w thl sh TeTsgnhag hHshag xgnhbTri/ thl v†c zhhgr vb†v zhhgr v†c thl xgnhbTri/ hHshag TeTsgnhag sh pui sgr Pr†drTo/ sh ygngx z˙bgi thbygrgxTby/ uugi thbygrgxTby/ z˙bgi ygngx sh Pr†drTo/ sgr pui sgr rgsbgr Prgzgbyhry tuh; hHsha vgry ngi uuh ahhi uuh ngi vgry hHsha tuh; Prgzgbyhry rgsbgr sgr x'thz sh aPrTl/ T vTrmhei sTbe Tkg rgsbgr tui T tui rgsbgr Tkg sTbe vTrmhei T aPrTl/ sh x'thz sTbe sgo hHuu† pTr †rdTbhzhri TzT Pr†drTo/ TzT †rdTbhzhri pTr hHuu† sgo sTbe T sTbe tuhl pTr tuhpbgngi zhhgr p˙i tubsz Tkg tubsz p˙i zhhgr tuhpbgngi pTr tuhl sTbe T uu†x eungi muo xgnhbTr/ mukhc sgo xgnhbTr yTeg xgnhbTr sgo mukhc xgnhbTr/ muo eungi uu†x v†c thl zhl n†yhuuhry mu ar˙ci sgo crhuu tuh; crhuu sgo ar˙ci mu n†yhuuhry zhl thl v†c zungr-xyusgbyi hHsha/ * ** tui shsbgr n†yk nhy uuTrgnxyg druxi tui pr˙bsaTpyw tui druxi uuTrgnxyg nhy rjk-ktv phhdk x†k†n†i )bhu-h†re( x†k†n†i phhdk agfygr-d†ygxnTiw chhkg jçryg y˙grg erTbx†i thl sgrn†i zhl thi tubszgr graygr cTdgdgbha graygr tubszgr thi zhl sgrn†i thl tubszgr gbypgr: khcg pruh x†k†n†iw v†y bhay ehhi bhay v†y x†k†n†iw pruh khcg gbypgr: tubszgr sgr thi t˙l c˙ cr†bexw thi bhu-h†rew thi s† pTrTh†ri hxurho ≈ x'uugki uu˙ygr phreungi xgnhbTri tuh; xgnhbTri phreungi uu˙ygr x'uugki ≈ hxurho thr z˙y thmhe/( t˙gr dgcrTfy nhl v†y t˙l )mu vhho/ hHsha/ Tz sh auru, uugri dgarhci vTky ngi †y-†y ngi vTky dgarhci uugri auru, sh Tz hHsha/ f'v†c Tz muyrgykglw tui nhks duyvTrmhew Tzuh dguugi c˙o grayi ≈ sgo 42xyi †ey†cgr uugy rgsi Pr†p' rgsi uugy †ey†cgr 42xyi sgo ≈ grayi c˙o bhu-h†re thi z˙i n†k T b†l thl uugk y†ngr pTrayTbgiw draui h†fb†uuh. uugdi aPrTfbc˙y c˙ hHsi/ T Pr- T hHsi/ c˙ aPrTfbc˙y uugdi h†fb†uuh. draui thl chi †y tui vgri/ tui zgi t˙l tuncTshbdy thl uugk yhnsheg ngksubd uugy thr erhdi surl P†xy/ thi P†xy/ surl erhdi thr uugy ngksubd yhnsheg nhy tubygr/ zh vTky thr uu†x Pr†drTow T tuh; dgeungi uugki nhr thcgrdgci uugdi sgo uugdi thcgrdgci nhr uugki , , u u g g h h s s h h bungr eungshei thr uu†x Tk.w pTr sTbe T t˙l thl z†d pTrdgbhdi druhx dTbmi b˙go mhek xgnhbTri/ mhek b˙go dTbmi tubsz pTr tui eukyur tui aPrTl hHshagr sgr pTr yuy

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, u 15357 12/17/03 7:37 AM Page 32

ch†drTphgx pui v˙h†rheg zungr-xyusgbyi v˙h†rheg pui ch†drTphgx

zungr-Pr†drTo †bdgvuhci zh v†y pui ch†drTphgx thbygrgxTbyg gykgfg zgbgi y kgrbgi zhl hHsha/ zh hHsha/ zhl kgrbgi 3002: zungr-xyusgbyi † v†y dgarhci thr dgarhci v†y ygTygr-rg- tui srTnTyurd T thz shsbgr n†yk ygzhx ygzhx sh thi pTrhbygrgxhry ayTre thz uu†x zahx†rw tuh; sgr ygng sgr tuh; 4991 thi ygTygr/ hHshai pubgo uugre khygrTrhag InjcraTpy tui InjcraTpy sgo tubhuugrxhygy bhu-h†regr pubgo cTeungi gr v†y P†xye†k†bhTkg thi xPgmhTkhzhrubd T nhy eubxyi ahhbg pui cTeTkTuurTy thsgbyhygy" tui v†y tui thsgbyhygy" nhydrhbsgr T dguugi gr thz 2002 chz 6991 pui ygTygr/ dgpubgi T PTrTkgk T dgpubgi rhyan†bsgr sgo pui shrgey†r ehbxykgrhagr tui muuhai P†xye†- muuhai dguugi thz shsbgr j' ygTygreubxyi/ pTr e†kgeyhuu k†bhTkgr khygrTyur k†bhTkgr z˙i nhy )khbex( gbcr s†bh thhbx/ nhygkg ekTx thbgo tui hHshagr aPrTl hHshagr tui d†ba†r jbv kgrgrhiw hHshag thi s†ey†rTy z˙i mu drhhy gbcr s†bh tui khygrTyur/ sgo khygrTyur/ tui sgo pui Pr†drTo cau≤pu,shegr sgr thi khnusho vTrcxy uugy zh †bvhhci ayushri tuh; T s†ey†rTy pui s†ey†rTy T tuh; ayushri †bvhhci zh uugy vTrcxy eTkhp†rbhgr sgo tui GraduateUni TheologicalTheological UnionGraduate pTrdk˙fhegr khygrTyur thbgo ygexTxgr thbgo khygrTyur pTrdk˙fhegr shxgr- z˙i ar˙ci uugy gr )cgrekh(/ tubhuugrxhygy tubhuugrxhygy/ j'yg P†bhfygrT thz dguugi thi sgo thi dguugi thz P†bhfygrT j'yg tubhuugrxhygy/ pubgo r†kg sgr tui d†kspTsgi Tçrvo uugdi yTmhg ekTx nhygkg muuhh/ nhygkg ekTx pTruugkykgfi thbgo tui våFkv sgr thi ygTygr hHshai bTyTkhg aurnTi thz T drTsuhr-xyusgbyeg thi sgr thi drTsuhr-xyusgbyeg T thz aurnTi bTyTkhg thi dguu†ri dgcuhri thz gbcr j' hHsi/ nhzrj-thhr†PgHag Pr†drTo IPr†hgey husTHeT" thi sgo ruxhagr nkufhai ruxhagr sgo thi husTHeT" IPr†hgey Pr†drTo thi tui Prgxg sgr thi dgTrcgy s†ryi v†y tui hårtk tubhuugrxhygy pTr vunTbhxyhe thi n†xeuug/ auhi n†xeuug/ thi vunTbhxyhe pTr tubhuugrxhygy v†y gr thcgrzgmgr/ Ti dguugi tuhl thz tui ygTygr gykgfg h†r kgrby zh zhl vgcrgHaw hHsha tui dgahfyg tui hHsha vgcrgHaw zhl zh kgrby h†r gykgfg gr Trcgy thmy ehb†/ pTri tui ygTygr pTri dgarhci pui hHsi thi nhzrj-thhr†Pg/ zh kgrby hHsha thi sgo thi hHsha kgrby zh nhzrj-thhr†Pg/ thi hHsi pui gbcr j' xTi-prTbxhxe†/ thi e†bxukTy hårtkshei thbgo n†xeuugr vkk tui thz dgeungi thi sgr zungr-Pr†drTo sgr thi dgeungi thz tui vkk n†xeuugr pTrcgxgri thr aPrTl-egbygbha / j'yg aurnTi thz aurnTi j'yg / aPrTl-egbygbha thr pTrcgxgri dguugi thi sgo uu˙yvTkygr-ekTx/ sgo thi dguugi thd†r yur†uu v†y Tbunky cTeungi z˙i s†ey†rTy thi s†ey†rTy z˙i cTeungi Tbunky v†y yur†uu thd†r uugky-dgahfyg pubgo vgcrgHai tubhuugrxhygy thi tubhuugrxhygy vgcrgHai pubgo uugky-dgahfyg hruakho/ gr v†y zhl tuhl dgkgrby thi sgo ngky†i- sgo thi dgkgrby tuhl zhl v†y gr hruakho/ mgbygr tui v†y cTeungi z˙i cTeTkTuurTy thi hHshagr thi cTeTkTuurTy z˙i cTeungi v†y tui mgbygr dgahfyg pui sgo n†xeuugr nkufhai tubhuugrxhygy/ z˙i tubhuugrxhygy/ nkufhai n†xeuugr sgo pui dgahfyg Trcgy e†bmgbyrhry zhl tuh; rcbhag ygexyi tui gr tui ygexyi rcbhag tuh; zhl e†bmgbyrhry Trcgy kgrby thi eHguu tui n†xeuug/ s"r yur†uu thz dguugi thz yur†uu s"r n†xeuug/ tui eHguu thi kgrby thbgo ekTx nhygkg thhbx/ thhbx/ nhygkg ekTx thbgo

h†ry Phkuew T dgcuhrgbgr thi k†szaw thi dgcuhrgbgr T Phkuew h†ry †rsby t˙i tubygrbgnubdgi c˙ sgr eukyur- sgr c˙ tubygrbgnubdgi t˙i †rsby P agfygr nrsfh nhy )rgfyx( kTfnTi cgrk dgzgkaTpy pui k†szagr hHsi/ gr thz tuhl T tuhl thz gr hHsi/ k†szagr pui dgzgkaTpy p†y†drT; pui Tk. uu†x v†y T a˙fu, nhy hHsi nhy a˙fu, T v†y uu†x Tk. pui p†y†drT; muuhh/ nhygkg ekTx sgo thi dguugi thz thi Puhki/ v†y gr sgr zungr-Pr†drTo yTeg zungr-Pr†drTo sgr gr v†y Puhki/ thi rTyi- thbgo dguu†ri dgcuhri thz kTfnTi cgrk nzFv dguugi nhy Ti tuhpyrhy uugdi z˙i Trcgyw z˙i uugdi tuhpyrhy Ti nhy dguugi nzFv Ti thz gr n†xeuug/ thi thmy uuuhby tui pTrcTbs s†bgrayhe sgo 42xyi hukh/ gr v†y cTuuhzi v†y gr hukh/ 42xyi sgo s†bgrayhe aPrTl/ hHshagr sgr pui kgrgr tui Fkk-yugr Teyhuugr p†y†drTphgxw x'ruç pui z˙i uugrew pui uugrew z˙i pui x'ruç p†y†drTphgxw pui auk n†xeuugr sgr thi hHsha dgkgrby zhl v†y gr k†szagr ahki tui ch,-guknx/ gr v†y gr ch,-guknx/ tui ahki k†szagr n†xeuugr thbgo tui yur†-eTkgsza pui khnusho hHshag sgrmhhky sgo guko uugdi sgr dgahfyg pui dgahfyg sgr uugdi guko sgo sgrmhhky thbgo Tryhekgi dgsruey v†y gr kgrgr-xgnhbTr/ hHshai sgr ay†y tui thrg hHsiw thr ge†b†nhag tui sgn†drTphag Tbyuuhekubd sgn†drTphag tui ge†b†nhag thr hHsiw thrg tui ay†y sgr thi ruxha tuh; hHsha pui thcgrzgmubdgi tui x x y y r r g g u u u u r r † † p p surl sh h†ri tui uu†x thz dguu†ri pubgo hHshai thhdbx b†fi jurci/ muo jurci/ b†fi thhdbx hHshai pubgo dguu†ri thz uu†x tui h†ri sh surl kTfnTi j' uu†ry"/ hHshag Is†x m˙yubd n†xeuugr sgr xu; v†y gr sgo hHuu† Tuugedgdgci Ti Tkc†o nhy p†y†x pui v˙byheg pui p†y†x nhy Tkc†o Ti Tuugedgdgci hHuu† sgo gr v†y xu; uu˙yvTkygr-ekTx/ sgo thi dguugi thz hHsi thi Puhki tui T shxe t"y Ish hHshag eukyur-hruav thi Puhki"/ j' Puhki"/ thi eukyur-hruav hHshag Ish t"y shxe T tui Puhki thi hHsi thi cTeTkTuurTy T cTeungi v†y P†bhfygrT årv Phkue thz dguugi thbgo ekTx nhygkg thhbx/ nhygkg ekTx thbgo dguugi thz Phkue TeTsgnhagr Ti b†l nTuby-v†kh†e-eTkgsza/ pui gbdkha Pr†drTo thi tr.-hårtk thz zh thbxPhrhry dguu†ri mu dguu†ri thbxPhrhry zh thz tr.-hårtk thi Pr†drTo ayushri s†x hHshag kgci thi sh ≤pumu, tui mukhc sgo mukhc tui ≤pumu, sh thi kgci hHshag s†x ayushri

v YIVO News Winter 2003 15357 12/17/03 7:37 AM Page 33

nrsfh agfygr erhdy tuhxmhhfgbubd erhdy agfygr nrsfh

pTri kgcbx-tuhpyu pTri zungr-Pr†drTo gr zhl cTzgmy thi bhu- thi cTzgmy zhl gr zungr- sgr pui huçk 63xyi pubgo dgkgdbvhhy sgr u h†re/ nrsfh s"r v†y hrcu!( Fi jhw n†k )muuhh Pr†drTo m s"r agfygr thz dg- thz agfygr s"r kgcbx-tuhpyu/ pTri tuhxmhhfgbubd Ti cTeungi agfygr uugi kgey†r tui aPg- tui kgey†r uugi zungr- sgr thi kgrgr T dguugi thz agfygr s"r ygr gkygrgr kgey†r gkygrgr ygr nal thi thz tui 8691w †iw †bvhhc xTng pubgo Pr†drTo thi hHshag khnusho c˙o khnusho hHshag thi Fngy pui kgrgr sgr dguugi eTrhgrg kTbdgr z˙i pui e†k†nchg-tubhuugr- dTbmgr sgr thcgr b†r s†w b†r bhay hHsha-kgrgrxw Tkg nrsfh agfygr c˙o xhuo c˙o agfygr nrsfh kgrgr T tuhl uuh xhygyw uu†ryw T dgbungi xhuo tuhpi v†y agfygr s"r uugky! thbgo hHshai kgrgr- hHshai thbgo tui h†ri sh surl zungr-Pr†drTo sgr uugdi sgrmhhky xgnhbTr/ gr thz dguugi sgr vuhPy-thbygruuhuHrgr pubgo vuhPy-thbygruuhuHrgr sgr dguugi thz gr xgnhbTr/ guko/ pubgo TPk†shxngbyi ayTreg sgrpTr cTeungi hHshai aPrTl- tui eukyur-TykTx` gr thz sgr rgsTey†r sgr thz gr eukyur-TykTx` tui aPrTl- hHshai )cueguuhbg(/ yagrb†uuh. pui ayTny agfygr nrsfh tui pubgo tui k k g g u u u u a a i i p p h h u u t t zaurbTk hHshahxyhai pubgo z˙i tui hHshahxyw pkTo-p˙grshei T yTyiw z˙i sTbe T / gr v†y gr / l l T T r r P P a a g g a a h h s s H H h h hHuu†w c˙o zaurbTk khbduuhxyhai th zgbgi -khcv†cgrhiw tui hHsha-rgsgrhi T tuhl nTngw x x r r g g z z b b u u m m o o u u e e h h k k t t muuhhcgbshei sgo muu"T Truhxdgdgci chhkg P†gygxg sh auugxygrw z˙i th agfygrw s"r w T w i i u u a a k k - - g g n n T T n n a a h h y y ˙ ˙ k k hHuu†-PuckheTmhg` T w e e r r g g u u u u bhay- T thi hHshahxyi dguu†ri agfygr-d†ygxnTiw w T nhybshe T w h h h h u u u u m m a a h h s s H H h h nTng-kaui` uugdi gxhhgi zTnkcul xçhçv/ hHshahxyhagr tui g g h h d d † † k k † † b b h h n n r r g g y y g g a a h h n n g g s s T T e e T T g g a a h h s s H H h h kgrbchfk` hHsha x†uugyh- graygr sgr pui m˙y†Pabhy eurmi thbgo / z˙bg Trcgyi tui Trcgyi z˙bg / i i r r † † h h - - r r g g s s b b h h e e g g e e H H H H r r p p i i u u t t i i c c † † v v w w i i d d † † r r y y mu zfhv sh dgvTy gr v†y )0491Ω1491( †euPTmhg agr Tryhekgi uugdi hHsha egi ngi d†r bhay †bmhhki/ Tjrui †bmhhki/ bhay d†r ngi egi hHsha uugdi Tryhekgi dgphry zhl v†ci khnusho Tkg uuU aukw hHshagr T thi dhhi Tjrui jçhçw thi thhbgo nhy z˙i pruhw yaTrbgw v†y gr v†y yaTrbgw pruhw z˙i nhy thhbgo thi jçhçw Tjrui rung- ehhi Trhcgr murhe gr thz jurci b†fi hHsha/ tuh; tuhpdgmuhdi phr ehbsgr tui zgfmi thhbhekglw uu†x Tkg uu†x thhbhekglw zgfmi tui ehbsgr phr tuhpdgmuhdi uuU gxyr˙lw ehhi Tbyk†pi aPgygr gr thz s†ryi pui bhg/ rgsi zhh hHsha/ nhy thhi uu†ryw gr thz uugry sh uugry thz gr uu†ryw thhi nhy hHsha/ zhh rgsi s†ey†- z˙i dgnTfy tubhuugrxhygy uuhbgr thbgo v†y gr tuhxmhhfgbubd Fpk-Fpkho! tuhxmhhfgbubd v†y sgrb†fsgo hHsha/ thi TxPgey uugrcTki uugdi rTy nTng-kaui thi n˙i kgci n˙i thi nTng-kaui hHsha v†y ngr bhy dgekgey/ v†c dgekgey/ bhy ngr v†y hHsha Tz p†rdgaygkyw bhy n†k ehhi zhl T xdkw nrho-jhv ar˙cy xg thl zhl pTrarhci thi sgr zungr- sgr thi pTrarhci zhl thl TzT rgsi egbgi n†k thhi uugk thl zungr- sgr pui xyusgbyeg dguugzgbg Pr†drTo pui hHuu† t''b turhtk uu˙b- turhtk t''b hHuu† pui Pr†drTo nhy ≈ auhi thl rgs rgsi tui aPrTl! uu˙br˙l turhtk t"b Pr†drTo r˙l tui zhl cTyhhkhey sr˙ h†r/ s†x h†r/ sr˙ cTyhhkhey zhl tui r˙l banv/ dTbmgr sgr thcgrkg- thrg uugdi )0002Ω2002(w grayg n†k thi n˙i kgci v†c thl v†c kgci n˙i thi n†k grayg thl chi uu†x pTr tui Tzuh uuh y† hHsha: nhy cubdgi zhl dgkgrby hHsha tuh; Ti grbxyi Ti tuh; hHsha dgkgrby zhl hHshahxyeg? pTrcrgbyg TzT dguu†ri thi tuhpdguuTexi chi hl TeTsgnhai tupi/ sh ekTxi tui uuTr- tui ekTxi sh tupi/ TeTsgnhai tubhuugr- pui zni kgmyi sgo cag, Ti uuhxe†bxhiw ngshx†iw t ayTyi zgbgi dguugi tuhxdgmhhfby/ dguugi zgbgi ayTyi T thi cTyhhkhey zhl thl v†c xhygy nhzrj- pui turthhbhek gx thz dguugi T zgkygbgr pTrdgbhdi zgkygbgr T dguugi thz gx zhhgr nhr thz aPrTl sh hHsha-ekTx/ ehhi dgeungbg hHsi thhr†PgHag mu pTrcrgbdgi dTbmg ygd tuh; ygd dTbmg pTrcrgbdgi mu b˙w x˙ thz zh uu˙k dguu†riw dgpgki rhe/ mu h†r vubsgry T nhy Tngrheg hHsha/ s†x Tk. uu†ky bhy dguugi bhy uu†ky Tk. s†x hHsha/ zhl thl v†c sgo b†l cTeTby/ x˙ thl v†c sur n˙i pui ehbsgr xl T uuh ngdkgl †i sgr ayh. pubgo hHuu† tui hHuu† pubgo ayh. sgr †i ngdkgl zhl dgkgdbvhhy hgsgr thi †bdgfTPy vhho/ sgr thi hHsha uuhhbhe dgvgry pui sh Tkg Tbsgrg hjhsho tui †rdT- tui hjhsho Tbsgrg Tkg sh pui mu th jae sgr uu˙ygr/ kgrbgi mu g"v zhhsi n˙i v†y ng uugi bhzTmhgx uu†x v†ci nhr dgv†kpi/ nhr v†ci uu†x bhzTmhgx zhl v†y hHsha rgsi mu th zhbdgiw n˙i tuh; ≤urv sgr mu tuhpdgrupi uu†x uu˙ygr thl v†c zhl dgkgrby zhl v†c thl uu˙ygr uu†x Tbyuuheky/ thhbm˙yhe gr v†y cr-nmuuv crusgrx gkygri hHshaw Tk. ngr v†y zhl nhr zhl v†y ngr Tk. hHshaw t n†k †py thz hHsha rgsi s†x hHbdgri nhyi thl TaFbzha/ dgsTuuby dgcgbey b†l Ihruakho sTngrheg"/ Ihruakho b†l dgcgbey b†r suru,w muuhai b†r bhay crhe juze/ tho pui dgnTfy v†ci crusgr sgrpTr uuuhi thl auhi thi bhu-h†re/ thi auhi thl uuuhi sgrpTr v†cw thl tuhl/ e†byhbgbyi muuhai T nhy Iy" T gr pTrc˙y uu†x pTr s† zgbgi sh ygd †bdgphky nhy †bdgphky ygd sh zgbgi s† gkygrg nhy dganugxy knakw bhay d†r sgn†ky v†ci nhr Ix"? hHsha/ x'thz bhay dgbudw Tz sh Tz dgbudw bhay x'thz hHsha/ dguugzgbgo sgo pui thnhdrTbyi s†zhei sgo thi Tz pTrayTbgiw hHshag aPrTl z†k bhy tubygrdhhi ≈ tubygrdhhi bhy z†k aPrTl hHshag tui dgrgsy v†ci zhh rTyi-pTrcTbs/ hruav/ tubszgr khdy Truhxrhhs zh sTr; ckHgi tuhl! tuhl! ckHgi sTr; zh ygo! tzT nhy dgzubdgi naudg/ jkau,/ PuPhe/ aPhkegx/ gx thz cTks dgeungi T m˙y uugi m˙y T dgeungi cTks thz gx Tzgkfg dgbhmy v†ci nhr PTya/ Pul/ s†x tunp†rngkg ptrcrgbdgi tuh; ptrcrgbdgi tunp†rngkg s†x v†c thl b†r vhho/ sgr thi uugrygr

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, s 15357 12/17/03 7:37 AM Page 34

jbuFv-khs Inhy vubsgrygrw Inhy jbuFv-khs nuzhe-Trfhuu murhe" h†ri vubsgrygr Fçus sgo v˙h†rhei huo- v˙h†rhei sgo Fçus yuç jbuFvw uu†x nhr uu†x jbuFvw yuç k uuhbyaiw x'z†k z˙i T prhh- T z˙i x'z†k uuhbyaiw kgfgr tui T prhskgfgrw T tui kgfgr crgbdgi nhr T khs Inhy khs T nhr crgbdgi vubsgrygrw vubsgrygr h†ri vubsgrygr vubsgrygrw murhe"w uu†x dhy thcgr thi thcgr dhy uu†x murhe"w gz hjuvdafg)zgi jbuFv-dgahfyg sh pgrzi chksw khbex(/ sgr njcr pui njcr sgr khbex(/ chksw khs thz h/ duhfcgrdw uu†x thz uu†x duhfcgrdw h/ thz khs dguugi T shfygr tui T tui shfygr T dguugi kgrgr/ s†x khs pkgdi ehbsgr pkgdi khs s†x kgrgr/ thi sh hHshag auki thi Tng- thi auki hHshag sh thi rheg sgekTnhri tuh; tuhxb- tuh; sgekTnhri rheg uuhhbhe cg, sh jbuFv-ygd/ sh cg, uuhhbhe Tju. sh ≤phku, tuh; jbuFv tuh; ≤phku, sh Tju. v†ci zhl hHshag ehbsgr tuhl ehbsgr hHshag zhl v†ci zhl surfmuphri/ T c˙ay˙grubd pTri hHuu† uugyw Tju. uugyw hHuu† pTri c˙ay˙grubd T surfmuphri/ zhl jbuFv- sh nhy cTarhciw* v†y akuo-gkhfo uuh dgprhhyw sgo uu†x gr uugy ayTre mu bh. eungi sgr thbxyhyu- sgr eungi bh. mu ayTre uugy gr uu†x sgo jbuFv- nhyi tui kTyegx vhhxg sh nhy srhhskw thi aPhki mhgw tuhl zhfgr pTraTpi xTyhxpTemhg tui Fçus sgo Fçus tui xTyhxpTemhg pTraTpi zhfgr tuhl mhgw ahhbgr sgr dgdgci/ v†ci pr˙bs tui eruçho uu†x dgkyw nbsç pTr z˙i nhmuuv/ z˙i pTr nbsç †rgng mu dgky yhhki tuh; TrhcgrdgdTbdgi thz nhbvd hHsi tui tuh; uuhfyheg vhk;- tui eukyur-muugei/ jbuFv eukyur-muugei/ tui vhk;- uuhfyheg tuh; tui hHsi *zgiw knak z˙i IjbuFv-dgky" )0091( tui Is†x srhhsk" Is†x tui )0091( IjbuFv-dgky" z˙i knak *zgiw hHuu†w sgr uuh thbxyhyumhgxw uuU xgz†i sgr dguu†ri thz r r T T p p , , u u h h å å g g n n cTbs w o o f f h h k k g g - - o o u u k k a a i i u u p p e e r r g g u u u u g g k k T T )3091(w mu cfsh vhk; tui ayhmg b†l pr˙bs zhhgrg mu zhl uugbsi w 2y cul/ 2y w r r g g s s b b h h e e g g a a h h s s H H h h cTnHgi zhh uu†x p†raTrcgyi uuhfyheg sh sgrngdkgfi

]vnal pui z' t[ z' pui ]vnal xumeguugr thz Truhx 0491 thi uuhkbgw sgn†ky T yhhk pui sgr pui yhhk T sgn†ky uuhkbgw thi 0491 Truhx thz khyuuhagr rgPuckhew thhsgr x'v†ci zh t˙bdgbungi sh t˙bdgbungi zh x'v†ci thhsgr rgPuckhew khyuuhagr x†uugyi tui sgrb†fsgo sh s˙yai/ s†x thz sgr thz s†x s˙yai/ sh sgrb†fsgo tui x†uugyi w e e h h d d † † d d T T s s g g P P i i u u t t g g h h d d † † k k † † f f h h x x P P r r T T p p i i y y p p h h r r a a cTbs muuhhygr tubygr sgr rgsTemhg pui khhcua kgvrgr/ pui sh pui kgvrgr/ khhcua pui rgsTemhg sgr tubygr pgrmhe )!( gezgnPkTri uu†x ng v†y cag≤u †Pdgsruey cag≤u v†y ng uu†x gezgnPkTri )!( pgrmhe v†ci zhl sgrvhy ckuhz muuhhw uu†x dgphbgi zhl s† thbgo s† zhl dgphbgi uu†x muuhhw ckuhz sgrvhy zhl v†ci hHuu†/ thhi gezgnPkTr v†y dgrTyguugy xumeguugr Tkhhi xumeguugr dgrTyguugy v†y gezgnPkTr thhi hHuu†/ tui b†fi jurci thcgrdgahey sgo hHuu† nhy sgr nhy hHuu† sgo thcgrdgahey jurci b†fi tui uu˙ygrshegr sgsheTmhg )zgi chksw khbex(: chksw )zgi sgsheTmhg uu˙ygrshegr khhcua kgvrgrw T n≤bv sgo rgsTey†r pui sgo s†- sgo pui rgsTey†r sgo n≤bv T kgvrgrw khhcua zhei cul/ T zgkyi cul pTr T zgkygbgo ngbya/ sgr ngbya/ zgkygbgo T pTr cul zgkyi T cul/ zhei gezgnPkTr thz surl nhr cTvTkyi dguu†ri thi uuhk- thi dguu†ri cTvTkyi nhr surl thz gezgnPkTr bgr dgy†w thi sgr nTkhbg tuh; aTuukgr 6 ≈ hTbuTr ≈ 6 aTuukgr tuh; nTkhbg sgr thi dgy†w bgr 2491w tui IcTpr˙y" thz gr dguu†ri sgo 61yi hukh 61yi sgo dguu†ri gr thz IcTpr˙y" tui 2491w 4491/ T/ xumeguugrw PTrhzw sgo 03xyi TPrhk ]?[ 7491/ ]?[ TPrhk 03xyi sgo PTrhzw xumeguugrw T/ 4491/ pTr sgo Tkgo ck˙cy sgr hHuu† aukshe xumeguugri T xumeguugri aukshe hHuu† sgr ck˙cy Tkgo sgo pTr d†r druhxi juç uu†x k†zy zhl bhay xhkuei/ s†x chxk s†x xhkuei/ bhay zhl k†zy uu†x juç druhxi d†r Fçus uu†x sgr hHuu† v†y tho †Pdgdgci v†y gr Far gr v†y †Pdgdgci tho v†y hHuu† sgr uu†x Fçus pTrshby/

d YIVO News Winter 2003 15357 12/17/03 7:37 AM Page 35

b˙gr nhbheurx c˙o hHuu† hHuu† c˙o nhbheurx b˙gr uu˙br˙l-mgbygr gexw khcg tui erung thcgrzgmubdgi tuh; sgr tuh; thcgrzgmubdgi erung tui khcg gexw hHshagr chbg" thz T PrUuu muzTngbmumHgi gykgfg muzTngbmumHgi PrUuu T thz chbg" hHshagr Ix uuhfyheg n†sgrbg Phgxgx Truo T P†r cukyg ygngx/ cukyg P†r T Truo Phgxgx n†sgrbg uuhfyheg s†x thz sgr yhyk pubgo eurx uu†x x'uugy phri thi hHuu†w thi phri x'uugy uu†x eurx pubgo yhyk sgr thz s†x thi nal pui jusa b†uugncgrw s"r Tkhxv euuhbyw T euuhbyw Tkhxv s"r b†uugncgrw jusa pui nal thi kgrgrhi pui hHshagr khygrTyur thi cruekhbgr eTkgsza cruekhbgr thi khygrTyur hHshagr pui kgrgrhi )sgr eurx vhhcy zhl †i sgo 03xyi †ey†cgr(/ auhi †ey†cgr(/ 03xyi sgo †i zhl vhhcy eurx )sgr gykgfg h†r thz zh Tr˙bdgy†i thi p†rai sgo hHshai sgo p†rai thi Tr˙bdgy†i zh thz h†r gykgfg ygTygr tui nhr prhhgi zhlw uu†x zh uugy v†ci T dgkgdb- T v†ci uugy zh uu†x zhlw prhhgi nhr tui ygTygr vhhy mu yhhki thr Trcgy nhy T pTrthbygrgxhryi guko/ pTrthbygrgxhryi T nhy Trcgy thr yhhki mu vhhy sgr graygr ekTx uugy v†ci mu y†i nhy gykgfg pui gykgfg nhy y†i mu v†ci uugy ekTx graygr sgr sh grayg n†sgrbg hHshag Phgxgxw Ik˙fyzhi tui Ik˙fyzhi Phgxgxw hHshag n†sgrbg grayg sh prunngkhht" pui Tvri uu†kpxz†iw Ixgregkg: †sgr T †sgr Ixgregkg: uu†kpxz†iw Tvri pui prunngkhht" h†rm˙y b†l T crusgr" pui aknv gyhbdgr tui hårtk tui gyhbdgr aknv pui crusgr" T b†l h†rm˙y †exgbpgksx InTi tui uu˙cw auugxygr tui crusgr"/ T crusgr"/ tui auugxygr uu˙cw tui InTi †exgbpgksx xl hHshag khhgbgrx z˙bgi sh srTngx auhi cTeTbyw auhi srTngx sh z˙bgi khhgbgrx hHshag xl †cgr sh p†ragrhi vTkyw Tz ng nuz tuh; zhh dgci T dgci zhh tuh; nuz ng Tz vTkyw p†ragrhi sh †cgr b˙go eue/ b˙go thi Ik˙fyzhi tui prunngkhht" rupy Truhx sh xFbv pui xFbv sh Truhx rupy prunngkhht" tui Ik˙fyzhi thi akgfyg xgexugkg cTmHubdgi sh aPTbubd tui T xl pui sh pui xl T tui aPTbubd sh cTmHubdgi xgexugkg akgfyg uuhmi thi sgr e†ngshg: sh dgchksgyg †cgr bTrhag †cgr dgchksgyg sh e†ngshg: sgr thi uuhmi hgyfgi Tbykuhpy uugi zh Tbysgeyw Tz thr yTyg uuhk T uuhk yTyg thr Tz Tbysgeyw zh uugi Tbykuhpy hgyfgi ahsul muuhai thr tui z˙i prungi ≤knus-kgrgr/ †cgr ≤knus-kgrgr/ prungi z˙i tui thr muuhai ahsul uugi T pr˙bs vgkpy thr mu Tbykuhpiw uugry zh ndukdk zh uugry Tbykuhpiw mu thr vgkpy pr˙bs T uugi Tçrvo T/ d†kspTsgi )5981w k†bs†i( )5981w d†kspTsgi T/ thi uuhki/ thr egdi Iv˙zk" T thi Pr†xyhyuyeg T thi d†kspTsgi InTi tui uu˙cw auugxygr tui crusgr" thz sh xFbv thb- xFbv sh thz crusgr" tui auugxygr uu˙cw tui InTi thi rhhw )grayg sh muuhhyg kgemhg uugy zhl e†bmgbyrhri tuh; muuhh tuh; e†bmgbyrhri zhl uugy kgemhg muuhhyg sh auugxygr T tui crusgr T muuhai j,ubv T suuet ≈ mgxy thhbgr nhy nhyi( e†ngshgx pui muuhai d†kspTsgbx grayg Trcgyi/ kuhy Trcgyi/ grayg d†kspTsgbx muuhai pui e†ngshgx Ixgreg- thi tui srTng sgr thi ngåv/ sgr nhyi thi ≈ grayg z˙bg pui sh erhyhegrx v†y d†kspTsgi bhy dgvTy ehhi druhxi ehhi dgvTy bhy d†kspTsgi v†y erhyhegrx sh †cgr s˙yaw tui hHsha tuhx ar˙cgrx sr˙ sh bumi kg" grl )Ti yruPgx yTkTby uuh T ar˙cgr` gr v†y b†r dgegby b†fnTfi sh b†fnTfi dgegby b†r v†y gr ar˙cgr` T uuh yTkTby mhki/ thsg†k†dhag tui ehbxykgrhag pTrahhsgbg nhy 0091( thhr†PgHag †Pgrgygx/ cTuu˙ziw †cgrw sh muuhh Phgxgxw muuhh sh †cgrw cTuu˙ziw †Pgrgygx/ thhr†PgHag Tz gr v†y h† dgegby duy ar˙ci/ Ish nung x†xhg" thz x†xhg" nung Ish ar˙ci/ duy dgegby h† v†y gr Tz T n˙xygruugre/ Ish nung x†xhg" tui Ish c†cg nhyi c†cg Ish tui x†xhg" nung Ish n˙xygruugre/ T thhbhek †sgr c†bmhg sh ebhhykgl-khhdgrhi" )sh chhsg )sh ebhhykgl-khhdgrhi" sh c†bmhg †sgr thhbhek dgarhci dguu†ri pTr 0881( z˙bgi zhhgr Tbsgra thhbx Tbsgra zhhgr z˙bgi 0881( pTr dguu†ri dgarhci pui x'Tbsgrg uu†x ahhl sgr ygng tui sgo xhPur- sgo tui ygng sgr ahhl uu†x x'Tbsgrg pui vngåvw †cgr zhh v†ci cau≤pu, thhi zhhgr gbkgfi ≈ gbkgfi zhhgr thhi cau≤pu, v†ci zhh †cgr vngåvw ctn, thsgbyhai ≈ tui yaheTuugi n†ngby: thi chhsg thi n†ngby: yaheTuugi tui ≈ thsgbyhai ctn, Phgxgx euny p†r Ti Tzuh mu z†di IpTraygrygr eua" IpTraygrygr z†di mu Tzuh Ti p†r euny Phgxgx muuhai T ekhhi-aygykshegr pruh tui T s˙ya-rgsbshei T tui pruh ekhhi-aygykshegr T muuhai nåFhkhai nTbxchk/ ng uugy shxeuyhri uu†x x'xhdbTkhry uu†x shxeuyhri uugy ng nTbxchk/ nåFhkhai TzT nhi eua tui uu†x pTr T r†kg gr aPhky thi sh muuhh sh thi aPhky gr r†kg T pTr uu†x tui eua nhi TzT srTngx/ muo xu; uugy ngi thi sh muuhh kgmyg ekTxi zhl ekTxi kgmyg muuhh sh thi ngi uugy xu; muo pTrbgngi nhy muuhh pui sh cTrhnyxyg hHsha-aPrTfheg cTrhnyxyg sh pui muuhh nhy pTrbgngi Phgxgx: Tb-xehx Isgr shcue" tui akuo Tax Id†y pui Id†y Tax akuo tui shcue" Isgr Tb-xehx Phgxgx: benv"/ uuh sh srTngx pui d†kspTsgi thz Isgr shcue" Isgr thz d†kspTsgi pui srTngx sh uuh benv"/ zhhgr T cTzubsgrgr nhi e†ngshg tui Id†y pui benv" pui Id†y tui e†ngshg nhi cTzubsgrgr T zhhgr bgny sgo khhgbgr murhe mu sgo v˙zk/ hgsg thhbg pui sh pui thhbg hgsg v˙zk/ sgo mu murhe khhgbgr sgo bgny srTngx bTuuhdhry muuhai prTdgx pui dgakgfyw khcg tui khcg dgakgfyw pui prTdgx muuhai bTuuhdhry srTngx aPrTl uu†x sgr ekTx uugy tuhxp†rai/ uugy ekTx sgr uu†x aPrTl

hshgu, pui hHuu† bun' 791 uuhbygr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' hHuu† pui hshgu, c 15357 12/17/03 7:37 AM Page 36 hshgu, hshgu, ❖❖YYIVOIVO hHuu† pui hHshagr uuhxbaTpykgfgr thbxyhyuy ≈ hHuu† ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr 3002 uuhbygr 791 bun' huo-yuç kFçus Tçrvo xumeguugr Tçrvo kFçus huo-yuç thz gr Tr˙i thi sgr khygrTrha- sgr thi Tr˙i gr thz Teyh†rw cTeTbygr sgr tui IaPhkm˙d"(` ehbxykgrhagr druPg Ihubd-uuhkbg"w uu†x Ihubd-uuhkbg"w druPg ehbxykgrhagr hHuu†- tui uuhkbg buxj pui p†rzhmgr uugdi sgo v†ci nhr dgarhci thbgo dgarhci nhr v†ci sgo uugdi dgkhhgby v†y r†d†uu sus nhyTrcgygr / , , u u g g h h s s h h bungr pTrdTbdgbgo drgzk Is†x tui dTx" )IhHshag khsgr muuhh xumeguugr thz thi sgr m˙y pubgo m˙y sgr thi thz xumeguugr p†rdgeungi thz †uuby sgr P†bTr"(/ pui jurciw uuh cTeTbyw dguugi thhbgr pui shw pui thhbgr dguugi cTeTbyw uuh jurciw buxj pui tui hHuu† pubgo PTyr†bTy tubygri uu†x sh s˙yai v†ci zhh cTpuhki mudrhhyi cTpuhki zhh v†ci s˙yai sh uu†x uuhkbg/ chfgr tui s†eungbyi pui sgr hHuu†- t"T hHuu†- sgr pui s†eungbyi tui chfgr aygyk thbgo dgcuhri thz xumeguugr zTnkubdgiw ng z†k zhh thcgrahei ehhi thcgrahei zhh z†k ng zTnkubdgiw nhy Tbyk†pi tui dgdby( )uuhkbgr xnTrd†i s˙yakTbs/ b†r grw thi thhbgo nhy thhbgo thi grw b†r s˙yakTbs/ sgr pui m˙y thi xhchr ehhi naPjv sgr angreg eTyagrdhbxeh tui nhy sgr nhy tui eTyagrdhbxeh angreg tho thz yTyg sgr uugky-nkjnv/ graygr dTbmgr IPTPhr-crhdTsg"w v†y IPTPhr-crhdTsg"w dTbmgr m˙y sh th s†xw th v†y dgay†rciw s†ryi ITruhxdgdbçgy" pubgo hHuu† T xl T hHuu† pubgo ITruhxdgdbçgy" z˙i tuh; vaPgv T dgvTy xhchr thi nTygrhTki tui zhh cTvTkyiw Fsh zhh mu zhh Fsh cTvTkyiw zhh tui nTygrhTki c˙ uu†x thbygrgxTbyw uugd/ khygrTrhai rTyguugi pubgo åubt/ pui T cTzubsgri T pui åubt/ pubgo rTyguugi uuU †ryw s†x bhay xhchr thz xumeguugri thbygrgx thz s†x eTPhyk uugdi sgr uugdi eTPhyk s†x thz thbygrgx sh mu ngbyai tundkhekgfg pTrahey ng kgmygr thhr†PgHagr hHuu†-tuhxdTcgw uu†x hHuu†-tuhxdTcgw thhr†PgHagr kgmygr sgrmu v†y gr pTregryw b†r cgriw uu˙xg pui )dgmhhfby xumeguugr Tçrvo suuet T uuTrgo dgphk/ s†x euny muo euny s†x dgphk/ uuTrgo T suuet ruchi( rtuçi ]vnal tuh; z' d[ z' tuh; ]vnal tuhxsrue thi z˙i xhchrgr khs Ithi fuygr"/ Ithi khs xhchrgr z˙i thi tuhxsrue sgr v†y †ey†cgr 12xyi sgo hbxyhe hHuu† t˙bdg†rsby Ti †uuby kFçus †uuby Ti t˙bdg†rsby hHuu† xumeguugr-tuhxaygkubd sh zhl v†y nkjnv graygr sgr b†l s naPjv xumeguugr cTzgmy thi uuhkbg/ thi cTzgmy xumeguugr naPjv thbgo h†r/ 09 z˙bg mu xumeguugr Tçrvo nhr pTrcgyi tubszgrg khhgbgrx mu eungi zgi eungi mu khhgbgrx tubszgrg pTrcgyi nhr tui P†gy T dguu†ri xumeguugr thz s†ryi uu˙x ru, Pr†p' cTyhhkhey zhl v†ci †uuby sh Tçrvo xumeguugr-tuhxaygkubd s†w tuhpi s†w xumeguugr-tuhxaygkubd Tçrvo sh thz uu†x vTruuTrs-tubhuugrxhygyw pubgo muuhhyi d†ri pubgo mgbygrw 51 uugxy 61yg dTxw 61yg uugxy 51 mgbygrw pubgo d†ri muuhhyi sgr tubygr hHuu†/ thbgo Tr˙bdhhgr Ti tuhl bhu-h†rew pui n†byhe chz s†bgrayhe muuhai 00:9 muuhai s†bgrayhe chz n†byhe pui bhu-h†rew zhl gr v†y uu˙br˙l nTex s"r pui vaPgv tuhxdgmhhfbyi T nhy Truhxdgyr†yi ts"p tui 00:5 b"n/ thi sgr tuhxaygkubd uugy tuhxaygkubd sgr thi b"n/ 00:5 tui ts"p tui dgkhhgby hHshaw x'gkygrg dgkgrby tui eTrhgrg xumeguugrx uugdi rgpgrTy ngi dgphbgi p†y†drTphgx pui xumeguugrw Tkhhi xumeguugrw pui p†y†drTphgx dgphbgi ngi cçt- s†x kaui v˙byhei tuhpi pTry˙yay k†rhi zhbdgr cTuuUxygr sgr kgci` tui nhy naPjv tui e†kgdi ar˙cgrx` chfgr ar˙cgrx` e†kgdi tui naPjv nhy tui sgr mu mudgayTbgi hubdgrvhhy thz gr cul/ hHuu†w c˙o ekTbdTrfhuuTr sgr xekTncgrdw z˙bgw pubgo grayiw thi 7391w chzi v˙byhei y†d` v˙byhei chzi 7391w thi grayiw pubgo z˙bgw xumeguugrx khsgr muuhh dgzubdgi v†y tui thcgrzgmubdgi pui z˙bg uugre tuh; T xl T tuh; uugre z˙bg pui thcgrzgmubdgi tui dguuhhey zhl tui Ichi" xeuhyi-†rdTbhzTmhg aPrTfi/ Tr˙byrhy thz pr˙/ thz Tr˙byrhy aPrTfi/ sr˙xhegr aPgyg sh thi bTyur/ sgr thi tui aygri" uu˙xg s˙bg )Itubygr nhr sgrn†bgi tuhl sh khhgbgrxw Tz thbgo hHuu† thbgo Tz khhgbgrxw sh tuhl sgrn†bgi nhr dupt dgphby zhl sh PgrnTbgbyg tuhxaygkubd PgrnTbgbyg sh zhl dgphby dupt Itubszgr vhhnay†y uuhkbg"/ b†l rgzgruuTmhgx b†l uuhkbg"/ vhhnay†y Itubszgr YIVO Institute for Jewish Research NONPROFIT ORG z†k ngi †bekhbdgi 0806Ω642 )212(/ 0806Ω642 †bekhbdgi ngi z†k hHuu† ≈ thbxyhyuy uuhxbaTpykgfgr hHshagr US POSTAGE PAID 15 West 16th Street, LANCASTER, PA PERMIT #299 thbvTky New York, NY 10011-6301 nhbheurx / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / c / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / nhbheurx jbuFv / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / d / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / jbuFv zungr-Pr†drTo/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / s-v / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / zungr-Pr†drTo/ crhuu / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / u / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / crhuu pui Tn†k / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / z / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Tn†k pui , , u u g g h h s s h h