DOCSLIB.ORG

Warrens0808.Pdf (6.475Mb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Warrens0808.Pdf (6.475Mb) LANDSCAPE AND PLACE-IDENTITY IN A GREAT PLAINS RESERVATION COMMUNITY: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF POPLAR, MONTANA by Scott Daniel Warren A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Science MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana May, 2008 ©COPYRIGHT by Scott Daniel Warren 2008 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Scott Daniel Warren This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citation, bibliographic style, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. William K. Wyckoff Approved for the Department Earth Sciences Stephen J. Custer Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Dr. Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copying is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. Scott Daniel Warren May 2008 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank the members of my committee—Dr. William Wyckoff, Dr. Joseph Ashley, and Dr. Wayne Stein— who provided essential guidance through this entire process. I especially wish to thank Dr. Wyckoff for his enthusiasm, encouragement, and commitment to this project. I also greatly appreciate the funding I received from the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies at Brigham Young University and the Jim Edie scholarship from the Department of Earth Sciences at Montana State University. I wish to thank the residents of Poplar for their contributions to this project and for treating me like one of their own. In particular, Pat Beck, Della Colgan, and Darrin Lockman were extremely helpful in providing me with historical information and introducing me to the community. Finally, I wish to thank Denver and Rose Atkinson, who took me in as one of their own family. Much of this project simply wouldn’t have been possible without their help, and I’ll always be grateful for their friendship. v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..1 Research Objectives………………………………………………………………...….2 Setting……………………………………………………………………………….....3 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………...…9 Great Plains………………………………………………………………………..9 Native Americans………………………………………………………………...11 Capitalism and the American West………………………………………………12 Landscape………………………………………………………………………..14 Place……………………………………………………………………...............16 Sources and Methods…………………………………………………………………18 Chapter Organization…………………………………………………………………20 2. INITIAL SETTLEMENT PATTERNS TO 1907…………………………………...23 Changing Worlds……………………………………………………………………..23 The Assiniboine.………………………………………………………………....25 The Sioux.………………………………………………………………………..28 Changing Geopolitical Setting on the Northern Plains.………………………….30 The Fort Peck Reservation……………………………………………………………37 Setting the Boundaries…………………………………………………………...40 Poplar’s Development…………….……………………………………………...43 3. BOOM AND BUST, 1907-1960..................................................................................51 The Homestead Boom in the Northern Plains, 1908-1917…..……………………….51 Homesteading the Fort Peck Reservation ……………….………………………56 Poplar’s Boom …………………………………………………………………..60 A Segregated Community…………………………………………….………65 Depression, 1918-1939……………………………………………………………….68 The Homestead Bust, 1918-1928……………………….………………..............68 The Fort Peck Reservation…………………………………………………....69 Poplar’s Development................................................................……………...71 The Great Depression, 1929-1939 ................................................................................74 The New Deal ...................................................................................................75 The Fort Peck Tribes.........................................................................................77 Depression-Era Poplar ......................................................................................80 A Second Boom, 1940-1960………………………………………………………….82 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS—CONTINUED Agricultural Recovery............................................................................................83 The Oil Boom ........................................................................................................85 Termination............................................................................................................86 Poplar’s Post-War Evolution .................................................................................87 4. THE GREAT SOCIETY, THE GROWTH OF NEOLIBERALISM, AND THE CHALLENGE OF ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT, 1960-2008………………………94 The Great Society and the Fort Peck Reservation, 1960-1980.....................................95 Poplar’s Economic Development………………………………………………102 The Changing Social and Economic Profile of the Fort Peck Reservation, 1980-2008…………………………………………………………………………...109 The Growth of Neoliberalism…………………………………………………..116 Poplar’s Economic Adjustment………………………………………...............119 A Landscape Cross-Section…………………………………………………….123 5. THE INSIDER’S PERSPECTIVE………………………………………………….148 Sources and Methods....………………….……………………………………..149 Life in Poplar…………………………………………………………………...152 Life on the Fort Peck Reservation………………………………..….….……...163 Life in an Economic Hinterland….…...………………………………………..172 Addressing the Challenges….……....….………………………………....….…175 6. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………...180 REFERENCES CITED…………………………………………………………………186 APPENDIX A: QUESTIONAIRRE ……………………………….…………..201 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Map of Northeastern Montana………………………………………………...4 2. Agriculture and Oil……………………………………………………………6 3. Map of Poplar showing Key Places…………………………………………...8 4. Map of Assiniboine and Sioux migration to northeastern Montana…………27 5. Indian Land Claims Commission Map………………………………………35 6. Map of northeastern Montana in late nineteenth century……………………39 7. Map of Poplar, 1908…………………………………………………………44 8. Boarding School in 1893 and 1904-1905, respectively……………………..45 9. Camp Poplar River……………………………………… ………………….46 10. View of Presbyterian Church looking southwest, 1908……………………..50 11. Fort Peck Sioux Delegation to Washington, D.C. 1910……………………..59 12. Map of Poplar, 1914…………………………………………………………62 13. Birdseye view of Poplar looking northwest, c. 1917………………………...62 14. Birdseye view of Government Row looking north, 1917……………………63 15. Birdseye view of Poplar looking west, c. 1917……………………………...63 16. Parade on Second Street looking South, c. 1917…………………………….64 17. Promotional Map of Regina-Yellowstone Trail, 1924………………………73 18. Aerial view of Poplar looking northwest, 1957……………………………...92 19. Log house from the West End……………………………………………...103 20. Location of the West End well……………………………………………...103 viii LIST OF FIGURES—CONTINUED Figure Page 21. Map of Poplar showing 1960s and 1970s additions………………………..104 22. Fort Peck Tribal Industries, late 1960s or early 1970s……………………..106 23. Sewing camouflage nets at A&S, 1980s……………………………………108 24. Building metal chests at A&S, 1980s………………………………………108 25. Modified anti drinking-and-driving sign…………………………………...123 26. Map of Poplar Cross-Section Route………………………………………..126 27. Obsolete Landscape and the Town Limits………………………………….127 28. Fortified Spaces…………………………………………………………….129 29. The Gateway Hotel, c. 1917 and 2008, respectively……………………….131 30. Second Street Commercial District, looking south…………………………133 31. The Water Tower and the Neighborhood…………………………………..134 32. Replacing the “Oil City” Water Tower, 1980s……………………………..135 33. The Bluff……………………………………………………………………136 34. The West End……………………………………………………………….138 35. Welcome to Poplar………………………………………………………….140 36. Spotted Bull Treatment Center……………………………………………..141 37. Tribal Express………………………………………………………………143 38. Airport Addition……………………………………………………………144 39. Paths…………………………………………..……………………………146 40. “God’s Country” in Spring.………………………………………………...154 ix LIST OF FIGURES—CONTINUED Figure Page 41. Wild West Days street carnival, 2007…………………….………………..155 42. Wild West Days street carnival sign, 2007…………………………………155 43. Map of Important Places and Spaces within Poplar………………………..161 44. Poplar’s last Grain Elevator, 2006………………………………………….169 45. Fort Peck Youth Services, 2007…………………………………………….169 46. Fort Peck Journal reporter Louis Montclair, Second Street, 2008…………171 x LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Divisions of the Sioux………………………………………………………..29 2. Population Trends, 1950-1970……………………………………………….97 3. Roosevelt County Farm Statistics, 1974-2002……………………………...111 4. Per Capita Income in 2006 dollars..………………………………………...113 5. American Indian Population and Total Population…………………………114 xi ABSTRACT This study constructs a historical-geographical narrative of Poplar, Montana and explores residents’ place-identity in the context of economic restructuring. Located on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation in northeastern Montana, Poplar offers an ideal setting to better understand how economic restructuring affects the lives of residents in northern Plains reservation communities. Loss of businesses, consolidation of services, and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885
    The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885 (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Ray H. Mattison, “The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885,” Nebraska History 35 (1954): 17-43 Article Summary: Frontier garrisons played a significant role in the development of the West even though their military effectiveness has been questioned. The author describes daily life on the posts, which provided protection to the emigrants heading west and kept the roads open. Note: A list of military posts in the Northern Plains follows the article. Cataloging Information: Photographs / Images: map of Army posts in the Northern Plains states, 1860-1895; Fort Laramie c. 1884; Fort Totten, Dakota Territory, c. 1867 THE ARMY POST ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS, 1865-1885 BY RAY H. MATTISON HE opening of the Oregon Trail, together with the dis­ covery of gold in California and the cession of the TMexican Territory to the United States in 1848, re­ sulted in a great migration to the trans-Mississippi West. As a result, a new line of military posts was needed to guard the emigrant and supply trains as well as to furnish protection for the Overland Mail and the new settlements.1 The wiping out of Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Strategies Against Violence: Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes Case Study
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Tribal Strategies Against Violence: Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes Case Study Author(s): V. Richard Nichols ; Anne Litchfield ; Ted Holappa ; Kit Van Stelle Document No.: 206034 Date Received: June 2004 Award Number: 97-DD-BX-0031 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Tribal Strategies Against Violence Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes Case Study Prepared by ORBIS Associates V. Richard Nichols Principal Investigator Anne Litchfield Senior Researcher/Editor Ted Holappa Investigator Kit Van Stelle Criminal Justice Consultant January 2002 NIJ # 97-DD-BX0031 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Prepared for the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, by ORBIS Associates under contract # 97-DD- BX 0031. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicine Wheels
    The central rock pile was 14 feet high with several cairns spanned out in different directions, aligning to various stars. Astraeoastronomers have determined that one cairn pointed to Capella, the ideal North sky marker hundreds of years ago. At least two cairns aligned with the solstice sunrise, while the others aligned with the rising points of bright stars that signaled the summer solstice 2000 years ago (Olsen, B, 2008). Astrological alignments of the five satellite cairns around the central mound of Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel from research by John A. Eddy Ph.D. National Geographic January 1977. MEDICINE WHEELS Medicine wheels are sacred sites where stones placed in a circle or set out around a central cairn. Researchers claim they are set up according to the stars and planets, clearly depicting that the Moose Mountain area has been an important spiritual location for millennia. 23 Establishing Cultural Connections to Archeological Artifacts Archeologists have found it difficult to establish links between artifacts and specific cultural groups. It is difficult to associate artifacts found in burial or ancient camp sites with distinct cultural practices because aboriginal livelihood and survival techniques were similar between cultures in similar ecosystem environments. Nevertheless, burial sites throughout Saskatchewan help tell the story of the first peoples and their cultures. Extensive studies of archeological evidence associated with burial sites have resulted in important conclusions with respect to the ethnicity of the people using the southeast Saskatchewan region over the last 1,000 years. In her Master Thesis, Sheila Dawson (1987) concluded that the bison culture frequently using this area was likely the Sioux/ Assiniboine people.
    [Show full text]
  • Another Reduction!! Have Nineteen Pay Accounts Which Plow the Upper Big
    beirg very high grade, and containinng na- NOTES. short time ago. Now the men expect to LOCAL find emnbloyment in this vicinity during RIVER AND RAILROAD-. tive' silver in abundance. The vein yaries summer, when railroad in width from 7 to 27 feet, and is estimat- operations com- Lighted Steamers to Saturday's Daily. Five Electric ed toaverage 9 feet in width for its entire Fr-n been mence. Another Reduction!! have Nineteen pay accounts which Plow the Upper Big. Muddy. length. A lot of ore sent to the Toston for Lieut. The new city council will consist of the ,.ashed by contiding capitalists This Season. smelter last year went 163 ozs. In silver to thus far following members: First ward, Chas. G. Wilcox, 7tn cavalry have I. Rowe, T. P. Aspling; second ward,. John the ton. -. rned up. Grading on the Manitoba to Begin at Great Parties here from Neihart district say the W. Power, Chas. E.Conrad; Third ward, and be Pushed Eastward as for the building of Falls has made a splendid deal The contract T. A. Cummings, Tom. J. Todd; Fourth Rapidly as Possible. that Mr. Rotwitt In accordance with instruc- from Helena to Butte and that the mine is a veritable bonanza. :Fontana Central ward, Geo. W. Crane, Terence McCune. to Messrs. Larson, Keefe of development will be carried a:,been awarded These gentlemen are all well known and RIVER NEWS. Tho work of Helena. as is no tions from the head of our .,l Kirkendall. the council is well represented by excel- The steamer Rosebud commenced load- on as rapidly possible, and there the will one day Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Registration Form
    NFS Form 10-900 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) FEB 1 9 2010 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NAT. RreWTEFi OF HISTORIC '• NAPONALPARKSEFWI NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM 1. Name of Property historic name: Kiwanis Meeting Hall other name/site number: Kiwanis Chapel 2. Location street & number: 17863 Beaver Creek Road (Camp Kiwanis) not for publication: n/a Beaver Creek County Park city/town: HAVRE vicinity: n/a state: Montana code: MT county: Hill code: 041 zip code: 59501 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As tr|e designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify t that this X nomination _ request for deti jrminalon of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Regist er of Historic Places and meets the pro i^duraland professional/equiremants set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets _ _ does not meet the National Register Crlt jfria. I JecommendJhat tnis propeay be considered significant _ nationally _ statewide X locally, i 20 W V» 1 ' Signature of certifj^ng official/Title/ Date / Montana State Historic Preservation Office State or Federal agency or bureau ( See continuation sheet for additional comments.) In my opinion, the property _ meets _ does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting or other official Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification I, hereby certify that this property is: Date of Action entered in the National Register _ see continuation sheet _ determined eligible for the National Register *>(.> 10 _ see continuation sheet _ determined not eligible for the National Register _ see continuation sheet _ removed from the National Register _see continuation sheet _ other (explain): _________________ Kiwanis Meeting Hall Hill County.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality Report
    Central Assiniboine Watershed Integrated Watershed Management Plan - Water Quality Report October 2010 Central Assiniboine Watershed – Water Quality Report Water Quality Investigations and Routine Monitoring: This report provides an overview of the studies and routine monitoring which have been undertaken by Manitoba Water Stewardship’s Water Quality Management Section within the Central Assiniboine watershed. There are six long term water quality monitoring stations (1965 – 2009) within the Central Assiniboine Watershed. These include the Assiniboine, Souris and Cypress Rivers. There are also ten stations not part of the long term water quality monitoring program in which some data are available for alternate locations on the Assiniboine, Souris, and Little Saskatchewan Rivers. The Central Assiniboine River watershed area is characterized primarily by agricultural crop land, industry, urban and rural centres. All these land uses have the potential to negatively impact water quality, if not managed appropriately. Cropland can present water quality concerns in terms of fertilizer and pesticide runoff entering surface water. There are a number of large industrial operations in the Central Assiniboine Watershed, these present water quality concerns in terms of wastewater effluent and industrial runoff. Large centers and rural municipalities present water quality concerns in terms of wastewater treatment and effluent. The tributary of most concern in the Central Assiniboine watershed is the Assiniboine River, as it is the largest river in the watershed. The area surrounding the Assiniboine River is primarily agricultural production yielding a high potential for nutrient and bacteria loading. The Assiniboine River serves as the main drinking water source for many residents in this watershed. In addition, the Assiniboine River drains into Lake Winnipeg, and as such has been listed as a vulnerable water body in the Nutrient Management Regulation under the Water Protection Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Ring Games Stage 1 Desired Results Established Goals Health Enhancement Standard 7, Benchmark 4.3: Experience Enjoyment Through Physical Activity
    Model Lesson Plan Health Enhancement Traditional Games Grade 3 Ring Games Stage 1 Desired Results Established Goals Health Enhancement Standard 7, Benchmark 4.3: Experience enjoyment through physical activity. Essential Understandings 3: The ideologies of Native traditional beliefs and spirituality persist into modern day life as tribal cultures, traditions, and languages are still practiced by many American Indian people and are incorporated into how tribes govern and manage their affairs. Additionally, each tribe has its own oral history beginning with their origins which are as valid as written histories. These histories pre-date the “discovery” of North America. Understandings Essential Questions 1. There were similar Indian games with 1. What is the main idea of games of “ring and different values for the outcomes of the pin”? games. 2. How can the skill of “ring and pin” be used in the modern world? Students will be able to… Students will know… 1. Move through four stations of manual 1. Four examples of “ring and pin” games. dexterity (eye-hand coordination) and learn (Assiniboine, Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, concepts of tribal values and origination. and Zuni) 2. The values associated with playing “ring and pin” games. Stage 2 Assessment Evidence Performance Tasks 1. The student will practice each of the four games, rotating through stations. 2. The student will be able to explain the differences in rules. 3. The student will be able to tell what values “winning” meant in the historical playing of the games. Page 1 of 4 12/29/2008 Health Enhancement Traditional Games Grade 3 Ring Games (continued) Stage 3 Learning Plan Teaching Area (indoors or outdoors or in a gym) 50’ x 50’ for 24 students in pairs, six per station.
    [Show full text]
  • NPS Form 10 900 OMB No. 1024 0018
    United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet County and State Hill County, Montana Name of multiple property listing (if applicable) Historic and Architecturally Significant Resources of Downtown Havre, Montana, 1889-1959 Section number E Page 1 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Commercial Development of Havre, Montana, 1889-1959 Introduction (by Jim Jenks) Prior to Euro-American contact, several American Indian tribes used the north-central region of present-day Montana as both a thoroughfare for intertribal trade and seasonal hunting grounds. Known major tribal groups that maintained traditional ties to the area include the Shoshone, Salish, and Kootenai Allied Tribes. The homelands of these tribes overlapped in the area between the Milk, Missouri and Musselshell Rivers, making the area a cultural meeting ground for regional tribes. In later years, the tribes were pushed south and west by the Assiniboine, Plains Cree, Plains Chippewa, River Crow, Gros Ventre, and Blackfeet Nation1. Within the recent prehistoric and historic period and until forced to reservations, the Mountain and River Crow homeland came to encompass a large area, stretching east to west from the Three Forks region to the current Montana-North Dakota border and north from the Milk River to south along the Missouri and Yellowstone River bottoms. Crow land included mountains, valleys, plains, and river systems, offering different climates and food sources throughout the year.2 A century before Lewis and Clark, the Crow had established a reputation of being hospitable to European traders and to other tribes, having for example acquired horses as early as c.
    [Show full text]
  • The Erosion of the Racial Frontier: Settler Colonialism and the History
    THE EROSION OF THE RACIAL FRONTIER: SETTLER COLONIALISM AND THE HISTORY OF BLACK MONTANA, 1880-1930 by Anthony William Wood A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2018 ©COPYRIGHT by Anthony William Wood 2018 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the history faculty at Carroll College and Dr. Swarthout who pushed history majors such as myself to work as interns with the Montana State Historic Preservation Office in Helena, Montana. It was at SHPO that I was so fortunate to work for Kate Hampton, who had already worked tirelessly keeping the Montana’s African American Heritage Places Project alive for over a decade, and who continued to lead and guide me while I researched and wrote for the project for three years. Classes I took at MSU, especially Dr. Mark Fiege’s seminar on the American West, offered strikingly new approaches that opened up different methods as well as mountains of scholarship that would profoundly inform how I thought about race and the American West. I am further indebted to my wonderful committee members, Drs. Mary Murphey, Amanda Hendrix- Komoto, Billy Smith, and my chair, Mark Fiege for all their time spent talking with me about sections of my thesis, different approaches I might try, or even just listening as I tried to organize my ideas. I am also thankful and sorry to my office-mates Amanda Hardin and Jen Dunn who were unlucky enough to work within ear-shot.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Shell Study Guide and Timeline
    Study Guide and Timeline for A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Ofce of Public Instruction Division of Indian Education Study Guide and Timeline for A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Written by Dr. Nicholas Vrooman Published by the Montana Ofce of Public Instruction 2015 Table of Contents Overview 1 Content Standards Connections 2 Conceptual Framework 3 Summation of “One Robe” Synopsis 4 Student Activities 5 #1 Getting to Know the Book 5 #2 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 1 Activity 7 #3 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 2 Activity 8 #4 The Historian’s Craft: Interpretive Analysis – Model 3 Activity 9 Exhibit #1 10 Exhibit #2 10 “One Robe” detailed Synopsis 13 Preface 13 Introduction 14 The Context 16 Traditional Historic Homeland 17 The Nehiyaw Pwat 19 Conclusion 20 Chronology of Little Shell Tribe History in Montana 23 Primary Source Materials 58 Exhibit #1 58 Exhibit #2 59 Notes 60 A Montana Tribal Histories Project Book Overview Note: The terms Aboriginal, American Indian, Indian, Indigenous and Native American are used throughout this guide when referring to issues that impact all Indian Nations/Peoples. Please accept, with our compliments, this study guide designed to accompany the Montana Tribal Histories Project book, “The Whole Country was . ‘One Robe’”: The Little Shell Tribe’s America. The “One Robe” book is about the Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana, a disfranchised society of indigenous North Americans known as “Landless Indians.” But, more fully and accurately, this book is about those Aboriginal peoples who live along what became the Canada and United States border between Lake of the Woods (MN) and the Rocky Mountains (MT) who did not ft as part of either national project in the reconfguration of the North American West.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Montana and Regional Publications – Tribal and Other (Compiled by Dorothea M
    #3 Montana and Regional Publications – Tribal and Other (Compiled by Dorothea M. Susag [email protected] ) This list does not include many current tribal publications. Please access any tribe’s website for contact information. The Montana Office of Public Instruction offers online resources, and resources sent to schools in Montana: http://www.opi.mt.gov/Programs/IndianEd/IEFAResources.html#gpm1_2 Allen, Minerva (Assiniboine). Basal Bilingual Readers. Hays, MT: Hays/Lodge Pole Schools, 1988. Illustrated in black and white by Hank Chopwood, Frank Cuts the Rope, and Mike Brokie. Essential Understandings #1, #2, #3, #6 Grades K and up Summaries: Allen welcomes both Native and non-Native teachers and students to use these little books. Most represent traditional stories told by elders, but some are based on historical events. Although they are Basal Readers for teaching the Assiniboine and Gros Ventre languages at the Primary level, even Secondary students can appreciate the themes, conflicts, and traditions which they portray. When a Native first-grade teacher on the Ft. Peck Reservation used these books, she read the story in Assiniboine and then explained to her Sioux students that this language represents the Nakota dialect of the language their people speak. The students enjoyed hearing and reading the stories themselves, and then they participated in discussion and drawing activities developed from the suggested themes. -----. “Bandit the Racoon.” (Assiniboine) This story may be used at all levels to teach about the problems individuals experience when they live in one culture and misunderstand the rules of the alien culture. It also may be used to teach about the way individuals are judged by their appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Documents Relating to American Indians in Montana
    Guide to Documents Relating to American Indians in Montana Identified and Collected by the Natives of Montana Archival Project (NOMAP) From Repositories in the National Archives and Records Administration, Smithsonian Institution & Library of Congress 2008-10 Helen Cryer (Saddle Lake Cree, ’08) Miranda McCarvel (’08-10) Carole Meyers (Oneida/Seneca/Blackfeet) (’10) Wilena Old Person (Blackfeet/Yakama, ’08-09) Glen Still Smoking Jr. (Blackfeet, ’08) Eli Suzukovich III (Cree, ’08) Richmond Clow (’10) David Beck, faculty advisor to project Steve McCann, Digital Projects Librarian Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………..... 2 National Archives and Records Administration, Washington D.C. …........ 3 Record Group 75 Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) .... 3 Record Group 94, Records of the Adjutant General’s Office ……… 5 Record Group 217 Records of the Accounting Officers of the. Department of Treasury …………………………………...... 7 Record Group 393, Records of the U.S. Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920 ……………………………………... 7 National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland 8 Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives …………..... 9 NAA Manuscripts …………………………………………………. 9 NAA Audiotapes, Drawings, Films, Photographs and Prints ……... 20 Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of the American Indian Archives …………………………………………………….. 23 Library of Congress ……………………………………………………….. 26 Appendix 1: Key Word Index ...…………………………………………… 27 Appendix 2: Record Group 75 Entry 91 Letters Received Index …………. 41 1 Introduction This is a guide to primary source documents relating to Indians in Montana that are located in Washington D.C. These documents have been identified and in some cases digitized by teams of University of Montana students sponsored by the American Indian Programs of the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution and the UM Mansfield Library.
    [Show full text]