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attempt to depart from our policy we should either have a great increase in the number of special issues or, alternatively, be faced with ERHAPS the greatest influence on British the invidious task of discriminating between stamp design was the Album of experi- the many important historical events and Pmental designs commissioned by Tony Benn as notable personalities.” Postmaster General from David Gentleman in 1965. In that, Gentleman vastly expanded the Benn proceeded to sweep this old-fashioned think- choice of possible subject matter and created a new ing aside. He announced, first to astonished postal shape for pictorial stamps. He also suggested that officials, and then to the House of Commons, the Queen’s head might be replaced by the royal dramatically new criteria: coat of arms or a crown, but this was not accepted. However, Gentleman then created a small cameo “to celebrate events of national or interna- head of the Queen instead of the awkward Wilding tional importance, to commemorate appropri- portrait, and this became standard. These revolu- ate anniversaries and occasions, to reflect Brit- tionary designs were to influence British stamp ain’s unique contribution to the arts and world design for over 20 years. affairs, to extend public patronage of the arts by promoting philately and to raise revenue.” Background ONY Benn was appointed Postmaster General in October 1964. One of his first Taims was to broaden the British Post Office’s crite- ria for issuing stamps which, at the time, was very conservative. Until then, only 20 commemorative issues had been made in the 12 years of Queen Elizabeth’s reign, of which 11 had been in the previ- ous two years. Almost all designs had been graphic and symbolic and there had been an outcry when an image of Shakespeare, a commoner but long dead, had appeared beside the living Queen. No living person, other than the monarch, was to be shown. Tony Benn as Postmaster General, 1964 The existing policy had been summed up only a few months before: He made this announcement in a written reply to a parliamentary question on 15 December and, refer- “The policy of the Post Office is to confine ring to forthcoming 1965 issues, invited MPs and [stamp issues] to marking outstanding national the public to submit suggestions to him as quickly or international events and Royal and postal as possible. anniversaries.” The Queen’s Head This was justified as a means to limit the number of stamp issues: NDOUBTEDLY, the most important “This policy does from time to time oblige us suggestion resulting from Benn’s public to refuse what could otherwise be eminently Uinvitation came with a letter from David Gentle- ‘stamp-worthy’ events. The history of Great man, who already had a number of accepted stamp Britain is however so rich in great occasions designs to his credit. and outstanding persons that if we were to www.postalheritage.org.uk Page 2 Gentleman wrote to Benn on 21 January 1965. Dismissing the official, predictably negative, draft “I am convinced that the main single draw- reply Benn telephoned Gentleman and asked him to back to the realisation of unified modern come and see him. Winston Churchill had just died designs is the Monarch’s head: not merely the and Gentleman had already been asked to provide unsatisfactory angle of the present photo- designs for memorial stamps. So it was that when graph, but the traditional inclusion of the head he came to see Benn on 15 February Gentleman at all. had a Churchill stamp ready (as recorded by Benn in his diary) “with a tiny Queen’s head on Churchill’s This tradition, linked with the omission of a massive shoulder and asked whether he could have title, grew from single-size definitives – such the stamp reprinted without the Queen’s head to as the incomparable Penny Black – where the see what it looked like. I said I could see no objec- Monarch’s head was the sole important tion to this and that it would go before the Stamp element. It is the inclusion of the Queen’s Advisory Committee.” The SAC met the next day portrait on larger size special issues, where it is and Benn was reduced to a competing element in a much furious to dis- more complex design, which I feel is un- cover that Gen- workable. tleman’s design without the The problem is only in part one of insufficient Queen’s head space: it is essentially a problem of reconciling had not been two conflicting elements and conventions shown to them. within one design. In practice, the stamp Subsequently, at design has to be split into two parts: the head his insistence, Churchill essay without the Queen’s head and the rest. This can be managed with in- essays were printed in this format with the legend genuity, but, although interesting results are “Great Britain”. possible, they will always remain at best ade- quate and increasingly repetitive solutions to At the same time Gentleman was working on the same problem….. designs for stamps for the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Britain. For this Gentleman produced a … the alternative could be a title, such as large number of designs without the Queen’s head UNITED KINGDOM, UK or GREAT but the inscription “U.K. Postage”. Not only did BRITAIN. they not have the Queen’s head but he suggested David Gentleman the printing of several stamps in a se-tenant block. c. 1966 When the SAC viewed these designs they were told that Gentleman had exceeded his brief. Neverthe- This provided less, they chose three of his designs and returned Benn (a republican) them to him for inclusion of the Queen’s head. with a great oppor- tunity - to remove Shortly afterwards Benn had an audience of the the Queen’s head Queen and he took the Battle of Britain designs for design reasons, with him. He raised the question of the use of her rather than political head on stamps and the Queen indicated that she as he had wished. knew that in some Commonwealth countries the At the time the head had been removed or a crown substituted. portrait of the Benn said that all he wanted was the right to submit Queen used on stamps of all kinds to her. Then she said that she stamps was a three- had never seen any of these stamps and would be quarter photograph by Dorothy Wilding which all interested. The scene which followed was famously designers found difficult to use with other images. described in Benn’s diaries: What they wanted was a profile head. www.postalheritage.org.uk Page 3 “The Queen wanted me to leave the new transmission for Her Majesty’s consideration designs with her but I explained the difficul- and approval in the normal way. ties and she agreed to see them on the spot. “Her Majesty has also consented to the use of This was exactly what I had hoped would hap- a new profile photograph for use in the new pen so I unlocked my bag and spread out on definitive series”. the floor twelve huge design models of the stamps provided by Gentleman and also A letter came back the same day from the Queen’s brought out his album of foreign stamps. I private secretary, Sir Michael Adeane. At her then knelt on the floor and one after the other “command” he was writing to say she was grateful passed up to the Queen the Battle of Britain to him for explaining the position. stamps bearing the words ‘Great Britain’ and no royal head on them. It was a most hilarious “She has a considerable interest in this subject scene because I had my papers all over the and certainly would not wish anyone to think place and she was peering at something that that she is not prepared to consider new de- had obviously never been shown to her or signs and ideas that may be suggested by the even thought about at the Palace before.” Stamp Advisory Committee and put forward by yourself from time to time.” The Queen agreed to the terms of Benn’s statement. However, there was a gentle, added warning which Benn was to misinterpret or ignore. “She hopes that you – like [herself] – will keep an open mind as to whether her effigy should invaria- bly appear on commemorative and pictorial stamps, in accordance with tradition, or whether it might Gentleman’s Battle of Britain designs essayed with the Queen’s head be more appropriate in some cases to replace on one stamp only it by an emblem of Sovereignty such as the Crown or her own Cipher. This question can, On his return to his office he wrote officially to the no doubt, be considered when the album of Queen. Dated 12 March, it was addressed in defer- new designs is ready for inspection.” ential terms. He was “delighted, and not at all sur- prised” to learn that there was no ban on submitting The next day, Saturday 13 March, David Gentleman new ideas. He felt that the first step was to seek the and his wife Rosalind Dease came to tea with Benn. views of designers themselves. New techniques and He told them about his audience with The Queen treatments could then be submitted to The Queen and Gentleman agreed to prepare a sample album for consideration. He wanted to be able to an- of stamps, showing what could be done with differ- nounce this by a parliamentary answer in these ent treatments of the head, royal ciphers, and terms: crowns.