DOCSLIB.ORG

Ix . in the Shadow of Renationalization 2000–09

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ix . in the Shadow of Renationalization 2000–09 791 IX . IN THE SHADOW OF RENATIONALIZATION 2000–09 1 . GENERAL INTRODUCTION: THE BIGGEST ENLARGEMENT IN EU HISTORY IN SIGHT, IMPOTENT SECURITY POLICY, AND THE NICE SUMMIT OF 2000 ON THE BRINK OF FAILURE The EU’s agony over security policy continued to exist, however, as became clear in the “Kosovo War” of 1999, in the wake of September 11, 2001 and the invasion of Afghanistan, and in the Iraq Crisis of 2002–03. EU Europe was at the point of setting up a defense agency which, however, was still very far removed from the burden sharing that was demanded by the USA. The EU was prepared for defense but not willing for attack, for which it was also not structurally capable. This underscores its value as a peace project and its significance as a factor of balance and stability as well as an exporter of justice and values.1 Characterized by the French President of the Council of the European Un- ion Jacques Chirac as “an historic summit”, a conference of governments that was important for EU “Eastern Enlargement” took place in Nice from December 6–11, 2000 after months of uncertainty about the will of member states for the reform of EU institutions. Differences and rivalries in the crisis-plagued relations between Germany and France as well as those between the larger and smaller states played a role. They made up a part of the summit that was supposed to provide the apparatus for the restructuring of the EU. Even though not all of this was resolved, a new treaty did come into existence that laid the cornerstone for new admissions. A crisis through the political drifting apart of the states was prevented by the possibility of finding compromises, particularly as there was no alternative to continued integration.2 After two Irish referenda (2001, 2002) the EU Treaty of Nice entered into force on February 1, 2003. It continues to regulate the distribution of power, above all else the all-decisive vote weighting of the EU states and the competences of the EU, with which the future members were already taken into consideration. A conver- sion to majority decisions was provided, and the seats in the European Parliament 1 Michael GEHLER, Europa. Ideen – Institutionen – Vereinigung – Zusammenhalt, Reinbek/ Hamburg 2018, 399–404, 432–436, 495–497; for this chapter see documents 94–100 in the appendix “Documents”. 2 Ibid., 410–414. 792 IX. In the Shadow of Renationalization 2000–09 were also redistributed. With Nice, however, the sweeping institutional reforms that were necessary for the inclusion of ten new members did not take place. The old structure with the Court of Justice, Commission, Council, Parliament, Court of Auditors, and Economic and Social Committee remained untouched. Merely on the sidelines, a Charter of Fundamental Rights that emerged from the “Her- zog Convention”, named by its Chairman the former German Federal President Roman Herzog (1994–1999), was solemnly adopted which, however, still has not achieved legal validity. Through the setting up of a convention for the drawing up of a Constitutional Treaty, these deficits in reform were supposed to be alleviated. This was at the same time an indirect admission of the failure of the methodol- ogy of the conference of governments. The era of Kohl, Delors, and Mitterrand was no longer followed by any strong European leadership personalities in the subsequent decade. A lack of support in their own populations, thin majorities, cases of corruption, tendencies towards renationalization, economic and growth crises, an absence of successes in job security and employment policy, and com- petition against the background of the increasing pressure of globalization that was expressed in a reaction of neo-liberal policy dominated the domestic political picture in the European states. The Constitutional Convention met in 2002–03, tellingly enough under a pre- sidium that was composed of elder statesmen (Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, Giuliano Amato, and Jean-Luc Dehaene), did indeed achieve a respectable compromise. The inclusion of the aforementioned Charter of Fundamental Rights into the Con- stitutional Treaty, a simplification and combination of the existing treaties, the EU as its own legal entity, more participation for the European Parliament, and the possibility of a Europe-wide referendum were balanced by the principle of unanimity in foreign policy, a two and a half year presidency of the Council, and no substantial progress in integration in social and economic policy. Adherents to a European social charter found this to be disappointing. In the end, the EU Heads of State and Government finally decided on June 18–19, 2004 to establish the Constitutional Treaty within the context of the acceptance of ten new EU members (Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Latvia, Lith- uania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia) that had taken place on May 1 of the same year. The treaty required the assent of all twenty-five member states to enter into force. The debate over the Constitutional Treaty was overshadowed, however, by the question of the high unemployment numbers in EU countries (25 million), the discussion of the immigration of cheaper work forces from Eastern Europe, and the highly controversial candidate for accession Turkey, with which negotiations officially began on October 1, 2005.3 The process of ratification of the Constitutional Treaty was delayed in the face of negative referenda in France on May 29, 2005 (54.87% voting against) and the 3 Ibid., 428–446, 452–459, 460–473. 2. Neither Strategic nor Regional Partnership with the CEEC – FPÖ “Veto”-Policy 793 Netherlands on June 1, 2005 (61.6% against in this case), and thus this treaty, which has been set up purely under international law and which does not repre- sent a real and classical state constitution whatsoever in the sense of national law, has been put on ice. The Austrian and Finnish presidencies of the Council of the European Union in 2006 were indeed able to ease the depressed mood somewhat and prevent the Constitutional Treaty from being dropped altogether. Later on, the German EU Presidency of the Council 2007 was no longer been able to draft a precise schedule and could only hope to keep the treaty content alive and put it up for discussion once again in 2008–09. The resistance against it was incessantly strong in Denmark, the United Kingdom, and Poland. In France and the Nether- lands, the treaty would have to be brought up for discussion once again.4 In spite of this setback and an absence of political leaders, the EU policy of enlargement has itself demonstrated leadership. On January 1, 2007, Bulgaria and Romania were accepted as new members into the EU that now numbers twenty-seven – completely passing by the prevailing mood of euroskeptics and naysayers on the part of populations who were against any further members. This was the expression of the revival of the rationalist methods (top down) of Monnet from the 1950s: a consensus of the elite, behind-the-scene negotiations, and deci- sions from above – without involving the people. But how long would these meth- ods still be possible? The period from the middle of the 1990s to 2007 was a time of harvest and bounty for the policies that were introduced in the previous decade (the introduction of the euro, the “Eastern Enlargement”, and a Constitutional Treaty that had at least been passed at the first stages with the attempt at a reform of EU institutions), but because of the negative results of the referenda in France and the Netherlands, the optimism concerning integration policy was severely dampened. With it being, of all countries, two of the founding states, the EU met with fundamental rejection, a rejection which – in light of August 30, 1954 and de Gaulle’s policy of 1965–66 – is, however, nothing new. There have always been setbacks. And EU integration has even thrived upon them. 2 . NEITHER STRATEGIC NOR REGIONAL PARTNERSHIP WITH THE CEEC – “VETO”-POLICY AGAINST THE EU “EASTERN ENLARGEMENT” BY THE FPÖ Austria’s negative experience with its political isolation during the EU-14 boycott measures from January to September 2000 reinforced the recognition that the young EU Member did not belong to either a “friendship group” ( Benelux, Northern or Southern Europeans) or it have any real partners. That is how the project of a “strategic partnership” with the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) came up, which the new Foreign Minister (2000–04) Benita 4 Ibid., 515–564. 794 IX. In the Shadow of Renationalization 2000–09 Ferrero-Waldner (ÖVP) championed. However, this concept would only have real- istic chances of being accepted and approved by the states addressed if the project were successfully kept free from the burdening legacy of the past and the current conflicts of interest. This requirement referred primarily to domestic Austrian concerns or requirements of party policy faced by Ferrero-Waldner who, with her heyday during the “sanctions”, was confronted with her coalition partner, the FPÖ. The “strategic partnership” she vehemently pursued, the goal of which was to form a group with the Central European Free Trade Association (CEFTA) accession candidates and future EU members, was – in addition to the handicap of domestic policy and interparty disputes – fraught with two additional, for- eign-policy conflicts: All of these – as Austria called them – “strategic partners” counted among this partnership of convenience were already members of NATO (Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary since as early as 1999), or wanted to soon join this alliance (which had, however, meanwhile become questionable); among them primarily Slovakia (with the Mečiar government), but also Slovenia. This represented and still represents a non-negligible element of incompatibil- ity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CRITICAL THEORY and AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism
    CDSMS EDITED BY JEREMIAH MORELOCK CRITICAL THEORY AND AUTHORITARIAN POPULISM Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism edited by Jeremiah Morelock Critical, Digital and Social Media Studies Series Editor: Christian Fuchs The peer-reviewed book series edited by Christian Fuchs publishes books that critically study the role of the internet and digital and social media in society. Titles analyse how power structures, digital capitalism, ideology and social struggles shape and are shaped by digital and social media. They use and develop critical theory discussing the political relevance and implications of studied topics. The series is a theoretical forum for in- ternet and social media research for books using methods and theories that challenge digital positivism; it also seeks to explore digital media ethics grounded in critical social theories and philosophy. Editorial Board Thomas Allmer, Mark Andrejevic, Miriyam Aouragh, Charles Brown, Eran Fisher, Peter Goodwin, Jonathan Hardy, Kylie Jarrett, Anastasia Kavada, Maria Michalis, Stefania Milan, Vincent Mosco, Jack Qiu, Jernej Amon Prodnik, Marisol Sandoval, Se- bastian Sevignani, Pieter Verdegem Published Critical Theory of Communication: New Readings of Lukács, Adorno, Marcuse, Honneth and Habermas in the Age of the Internet Christian Fuchs https://doi.org/10.16997/book1 Knowledge in the Age of Digital Capitalism: An Introduction to Cognitive Materialism Mariano Zukerfeld https://doi.org/10.16997/book3 Politicizing Digital Space: Theory, the Internet, and Renewing Democracy Trevor Garrison Smith https://doi.org/10.16997/book5 Capital, State, Empire: The New American Way of Digital Warfare Scott Timcke https://doi.org/10.16997/book6 The Spectacle 2.0: Reading Debord in the Context of Digital Capitalism Edited by Marco Briziarelli and Emiliana Armano https://doi.org/10.16997/book11 The Big Data Agenda: Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies Annika Richterich https://doi.org/10.16997/book14 Social Capital Online: Alienation and Accumulation Kane X.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Reich Recycling
    Herbert Kuhner Violence Under the Guise of Art or Third Reich Recycling Herbert Kuhner, the writer, is in a sense a historian. His life story runs parallel to history and illustrates that history is too serious matter to be left exclusively to bona fide historians. “In 1935, the year of his birth, the Nuremberg Laws were imposed in Germany. In 1938, when he was three years old, “The doorbell rang and I ran to the door and opened it. My mother swept me away as two men in street clothes entered. One of them, I remember clearly, wore a brown suit and limped. The other was thin and balding and wore a grey suit. They searched the apartment. The brown-suited man pushed my grandmother, who was eighty-three away from the sideboard in order to ransack it. And indeed it contained her shopping money.” (from Felled by Friendly Fire, a Memoir) 1 - Peter Malina, historian “In my view there is a Biedermeier-like silence concerning this topic. It is good that you have broken through it.”2 - Kuno Knöbl Delving Experiences I had in young years in Third-Reich Austria and returning later, has enabled me to attain a personal insight into post-war and present-day events in the land of my birth. Much has been written about the days when the Third Reich officially ceased to be, however certain facets of the aftermath and aftereffects have in my view not been brought to the fore. I could not help but delve. I wanted to get to the core and I have been gathering material over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Racism and Cultural Diversity in the Mass Media
    RACISM AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE MASS MEDIA An overview of research and examples of good practice in the EU Member States, 1995-2000 on behalf of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, Vienna (EUMC) by European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations (ERCOMER) Edited by Jessika ter Wal Vienna, February 2002 DISCLAIMER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This Report has been carried out by the European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations (ERCOMER) on behalf of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC). The opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the position of the EUMC. Reproduction is authorized, except for commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged and the attached text accompanies any reproduction: "This study has been carried out on behalf of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC). The opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect the position of the EUMC." 2 PREFACE The research interest in analysing the way mass media report on ethnic issues has increased in the Member States over the last decades. And for this reason the EUMC decided to bring together the major research reports and their findings over the last five years in this report "RACISM AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE MASS MEDIA - an overview of research and examples of good practice in the EU Member States, 1995- 2000". The project has been carried out by Dr Jessika ter Wal, at Ercomer, Utrecht University, the Netherlands. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to her for her excellent work. The report underlines the importance of media research in the area of racism and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Befreite Und Die Frau Und Das Kind Zu Die Verknüpfung Von Politik, Bringen
    16 | Film & Medien | 25 | 24. Juni 2010 25 | 24. Juni 2010 | Film & Medien | 17 FILM IN KÜRZE Vom Handwerk „ … Und weil sich eine satte der Bildgestaltung Wohlstandsgesellschaft mehr und | Maria In Nachrufen wurde Hans mehr von der Religion entfernt, Windhager | „ muss die Kirche zu den Men- Dichand gewürdigt. Nur weni- schen gehen, … mitten hinein in unseren bewegten Alltag, um ih- ge Kommentatoren kritisierten re ewigen Werte an den Mann Community Die befreite und die Frau und das Kind zu die Verknüpfung von Politik, bringen. … “ Großzügiger Raum Medien und Geschäft. Hans Dichand in: Kronen Zeitung, für Untertöne ach Jahrzehnten ein Kinder- 2. September 2001, Seite 6 Nbuch noch einmal zur Hand “ Jaeger / APA Foto: zu nehmen, im Hinterkopf, was er jüngst verstorbene Heraus- man damals gelesen hat, und es REPUBLIK? Dgeber der Kronen Zeitung, auf neuer Ebene zu begreifen, ist, Politik in der Medienarena Hans Dichand, beschäftigte auch taugliches Buch vorausgesetzt, Politik und Boulevard sind in Österreich ein enges, problematisches Bündnis eingegangen. Praxis politischer Kommunikation in oft die Mediengerichte. Besonders eine der erfüllendsten Reisen. | Ob sich dieses nach dem Tod von „Krone“-Gründer Hans Dichand lockert, ist offen. | Österreich. Hrsg. v. Fritz Plasser Der Sinnstifter der Nation bemerkenswert war sein gericht- Gleiches müsste allem Ermessen Facultas Universitätsverlag 2009 liches Vorgehen gegen die Ta- nach fürs Kino gelten, und vieles 320 Seiten, Geb. Kart., 32,00 Krise der Religion hin oder her: Hans Dichand verschaffte der geszeitung Der Standard im Jahr an Wes Andersons jüngstem Film- | Von Claus Reitan | | – traditionellen – Religiosität im Land gebührend Gehör. | 2004. Er empfand die in einem spross stimmt auch sehr zuver- Kommentar von Hans Rauscher sichtlich, dass er sich einem sol- wiedergegebene Behauptung, chen Wieder-Sehen stellen könnte.
    [Show full text]
  • Austria (2011)
    http://www.freedomhouse.org/inc/content/pubs/fiw/inc_country_detail.cfm?year=2011&country=7988&pf Print Freedom in the World - Austria (2011) Capital: Vienna Political Rights Score: 1 * Civil Liberties Score: 1 * Population: Status: Free 8,374,000 Overview Incumbent president Heinz Fischer of the Social Democratic Party of Austria won a second term in the April 2010 presidential election, but the far-right Austrian Freedom Party’s candidate received a sizeable percentage of the vote. The Freedom Party also picked up a substantial number of legislative seats in Vienna’s state elections in October. The balance between freedom of speech and Austrian hate-speech laws drew increased attention during the year as objectionable statements, mainly against Islam, came under scrutiny. Modern Austria, which emerged from the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, was annexed to Nazi Germany in 1938 before being restored to independence after World War II. The country remained neutral during the Cold War and joined the European Union in 1995. From 1986 until 2000, the two largest political parties—the center-left Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and the center-right People’s Party of Austria (ÖVP)—governed together in a grand coalition. The 1999 elections produced the first government since 1970 that did not include the SPÖ. Instead, the ÖVP formed a coalition with the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), a far-right nationalist party that won 27 percent of the popular vote. Its support had risen steadily as voters became disaffected with the large parties’ power-sharing arrangement and its barriers to major political change.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist a Dissertation Submitted In
    The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair Professor Jason Wittenberg Professor Jacob Citrin Professor Katerina Linos Spring 2015 The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe Copyright 2015 by Kimberly Ann Twist Abstract The Mainstream Right, the Far Right, and Coalition Formation in Western Europe by Kimberly Ann Twist Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonah D. Levy, Chair As long as far-right parties { known chiefly for their vehement opposition to immigration { have competed in contemporary Western Europe, scholars and observers have been concerned about these parties' implications for liberal democracy. Many originally believed that far- right parties would fade away due to a lack of voter support and their isolation by mainstream parties. Since 1994, however, far-right parties have been included in 17 governing coalitions across Western Europe. What explains the switch from exclusion to inclusion in Europe, and what drives mainstream-right parties' decisions to include or exclude the far right from coalitions today? My argument is centered on the cost of far-right exclusion, in terms of both office and policy goals for the mainstream right. I argue, first, that the major mainstream parties of Western Europe initially maintained the exclusion of the far right because it was relatively costless: They could govern and achieve policy goals without the far right.
    [Show full text]
  • Professional Photographer One of the Most Famous Views in Venice - from St Mark’S Square Over to San Giorgio Maggiore a Snapshot on Europe
    Enjoy helpful photography tips & tutorials while on a snapshOt On tour eurOpe NETHERLANDS, GERMANY, AUSTRIA, ITALY, SWITZERLAND, FRANCE & ENGLAND 12 DAYS DEPARTING 08 AUGUST 2012 ACCOMPANIED BY A PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER One of the most famous views in Venice - from St Mark’s Square over to San Giorgio Maggiore A Snapshot on Europe Do you have a passion for photography and Austrian border continue to Innsbruck, capital of the Tyrol. panoramas of the breathtaking Alpine scenery. Free time to would love to improve your skills? Imagine Tour the architectural jewels of the city, seeing the 14C houses take in the air and perhaps some refreshment before of the old town, Imperial Palace and Golden Roof. (BB) descending to your hotel in Lucerne. (BB) witnessing all the iconic highlights of Europe, from the canals of Amsterdam to the pomp DAy 5 – SUN 12 AUG 12 INNSBRUCK – VENICE DAy 8 – WED 15 AUG: WATERFALLS EXCURSION and pageantry of London while enjoying the Hotel: Bellini Boscolo Cameras at the ready as you embark on a scenic excursion to Leave Innsbruck and travel across the impressive Europa Lauterbrunnen in the ‘Valley of Waterfalls’. See the Staubbach company of an expert Tour Director PLUS a Bridge, and cross the Brenner Pass into Italy. Follow the Adige Falls plunging 300 meters and there is the opportunity of professional photographer who’ll teach you tips River through spectacular scenery down to the great plain. taking the funicular up to the Trümmelbach Falls, leaping and and techniques that will help you capture some Visit fascinating Verona, with its first century Roman Arena, gushing through a series of vast eroded potholes - an of the world’s most photogenic cities and sites.
    [Show full text]
  • CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES Volume 18
    The Schüssel Era in Austria Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES Volume 18 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2010 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America. Published and distributed in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe by University of New Orleans Press: Innsbruck University Press: ISBN 978-1-60801-009-7 ISBN 978-3-902719-29-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009936824 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Assistant Editor Ellen Palli Jennifer Shimek Michael Maier Universität Innsbruck Loyola University, New Orleans UNO/Vienna Executive Editors Franz Mathis, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Sándor Kurtán Universität Graz Corvinus University Budapest Peter Berger Günther Pallaver Wirtschaftsuniversität
    [Show full text]
  • Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil Und Führungsverhalten“
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit: „Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil und Führungsverhalten“ Wahrnehmungen, Sichtweisen und Attributionen des inneren Führungszirkels der Österreichischen Volkspartei Verfasser: Mag. Martin Prikoszovich angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Johann Wimmer Persönliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende schriftliche Arbeit selbstständig verfertigt habe und dass die verwendete Literatur bzw. die verwendeten Quellen von mir korrekt und in nachprüfbarer Weise zitiert worden sind. Mir ist bewusst, dass ich bei einem Verstoß gegen diese Regeln mit Konsequenzen zu rechnen habe. Mag. Martin Prikoszovich Wien, am __________ ______________________________ Datum Unterschrift 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Danksagung 5 2 Einleitung 6 2.1 Gegenstand der Arbeit 6 2.2. Wissenschaftliches Erkenntnisinteresse und zentrale Forschungsfrage 7 3 Politische Führung im geschichtlichen Kontext 8 3.1 Antike (Platon, Aristoteles, Demosthenes) 9 3.2 Niccolò Machiavelli 10 4 Strukturmerkmale des Regierens 10 4.1 Verhandlungs- und Wettbewerbsdemokratie 12 4.2 Konsensdemokratie/Konkordanzdemokratie/Proporzdemokratie 15 4.3 Konfliktdemokratie/Konkurrenzdemokratie 16 4.4 Kanzlerdemokratie 18 4.4.1 Bundeskanzler Deutschland vs. Bundeskanzler Österreich 18 4.4.1.1 Der österreichische Bundeskanzler 18 4.4.1.2. Der Bundeskanzler in Deutschland 19 4.5 Parteiendemokratie 21 4.6 Koalitionsdemokratie 23 4.7 Mediendemokratie 23 5 Politische Führung und Regierungsstil 26 5.1 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 35 6 Die Österreichische Volkspartei 35 6.1 Die Struktur der ÖVP 36 6.1.1. Der Wirtschaftsbund 37 6.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
    Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität
    [Show full text]
  • The Marshall Plan in Austria 69
    CAS XXV CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIANAUSTRIAN STUDIES STUDIES | VOLUME VOLUME 25 25 This volume celebrates the study of Austria in the twentieth century by historians, political scientists and social scientists produced in the previous twenty-four volumes of Contemporary Austrian Studies. One contributor from each of the previous volumes has been asked to update the state of scholarship in the field addressed in the respective volume. The title “Austrian Studies Today,” then, attempts to reflect the state of the art of historical and social science related Bischof, Karlhofer (Eds.) • Austrian Studies Today studies of Austria over the past century, without claiming to be comprehensive. The volume thus covers many important themes of Austrian contemporary history and politics since the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918—from World War I and its legacies, to the rise of authoritarian regimes in the 1930s and 1940s, to the reconstruction of republican Austria after World War II, the years of Grand Coalition governments and the Kreisky era, all the way to Austria joining the European Union in 1995 and its impact on Austria’s international status and domestic politics. EUROPE USA Austrian Studies Studies Today Today GünterGünter Bischof,Bischof, Ferdinand Ferdinand Karlhofer Karlhofer (Eds.) (Eds.) UNO UNO PRESS innsbruck university press UNO PRESS UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Austrian Studies Today Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 25 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2016 by University of New Orleans Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective
    CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 Bischof, Karlhofer (Eds.), Williamson (Guest Ed.) • 1914: Aus tria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I War of World the Origins, and First Year tria-Hungary, Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof AustrianFerdinand Federalism Karlhofer (Eds.) in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) UNO UNO PRESS innsbruck university press UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Austrian Federalism in ŽŵƉĂƌĂƟǀĞWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2015 by University of New Orleans Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Book design by Allison Reu and Alex Dimeff Cover photo © Parlamentsdirektion Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608011124 ISBN: 9783902936691 UNO PRESS Publication of this volume has been made possible through generous grants from the the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration, and Foreign Affairs in Vienna through the Austrian Cultural Forum in New York, as well as the Federal Ministry of Economics, Science, and Research through the Austrian Academic Exchange Service (ÖAAD). The Austrian Marshall Plan Anniversary Foundation in Vienna has been very generous in supporting Center Austria: The Austrian Marshall Plan Center for European Studies at the University of New Orleans and its publications series.
    [Show full text]