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Mississippi River - Sartell Watershed Stressor Identification Report a Study of Stressors Limiting Aquatic Life in the Mississippi River - Sartell Watershed

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Mississippi River - Sartell Watershed Stressor Identification Report a Study of Stressors Limiting Aquatic Life in the Mississippi River - Sartell Watershed Stressor identification August 2020 Mississippi River - Sartell Watershed Stressor Identification Report A study of stressors limiting aquatic life in the Mississippi River - Sartell Watershed Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette Road North | Saint Paul, MN 55155-4194 | 651-296-6300 | 800-657-3864 | Or use your preferred relay service. | [email protected] This report is available in alternative formats upon request, and online at www.pca.state.mn.us. Document number: wq-ws5-07010201 Author Kara Fitzpatrick (MPCA) Contributors & Reviewers Chuck Johnson (MPCA) Kevin Stroom (MPCA) Tiffany Schauls (MPCA) Ben Lundeen (MPCA) Andrew Frank (MPCA) Anna Bosch (MCPA) Reid Northwick (MN DNR) Amanda Guertin (Benton County SWCD) Cole Loewen (Stearns County) Cover photo credit Cover photo is the Platte River from Morrison County Road 40 (station 16UM122). The MPCA is reducing printing and mailing costs by using the Internet to distribute reports and information to wider audience. Visit our website for more information. MPCA reports are printed on 100% post- consumer recycled content paper manufactured without chlorine or chlorine derivatives. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette Road North | Saint Paul, MN 55155-4194 | 651-296-6300 | 800-657-3864 | Or use your preferred relay service. | [email protected] This report is available in alternative formats upon request, and online at www.pca.state.mn.us. Document number: wq-ws5-07010201 Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................4 Monitoring and Assessment ............................................................................................................................. 4 Stressor Identification ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) Model ........................................................................... 5 2. Overview of Mississippi River-Sartell Watershed .........................................................................6 Background....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Possible Stressors to Biological Communities .................................................................................................. 6 3. Stressor Identification by Watershed ..........................................................................................7 3.1. Platte River Watershed ............................................................................................................................. 7 3.2. Hazel Creek – WID 07010201-569 ........................................................................................................... 74 3.3. South Two River – WID 07010201-643 ................................................................................................... 84 3.4. Watab River Watershed ........................................................................................................................ 102 3.5. Little Rock Creek Watershed ................................................................................................................. 135 4. Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................................ 184 5. References ............................................................................................................................. 186 i Figures Figure 1. Process map of Intensive Watershed Monitoring, Assessment, Stressor Identification, and TMDL processes. ................................................................................................................................5 Figure 2. Map of the Platte River watershed and subwatersheds, with other relevant land features. ...8 Figure 3. Continuous sonde measurements on WID -634 at 193rd St. .................................................. 12 Figure 4. Pictures showing orange coloration due to ferric iron hydroxide in stream (A) and adjacent spring (B), as well as cloudy white flocculence due to colloidal iron compounds (C). .......................... 14 Figure 5. June 27, 2016. Looking downstream from the middle of the biological sampling reach. A beaver dam was observed immediately upstream of this location, which is diverting flow from the main channel in this picture to a side channel off to the right (not pictured). ..................................... 15 Figure 6. Substrate from 16UM112 on 7/12/2018. The dark coloration is due to deposition of minerals from the water, particularly manganese. .......................................................................................... 17 Figure 7. Longitudinal profile of Tributary to Platte River from the culvert at CR265 (0ft on x-axis) upstream to the top of the beaver dam (275ft on x-axis). Survey performed on 11/8/2018. ............... 18 Figure 8. Total phosphorus (TP) and inorganic nitrogen (NOX) in Tributary to Platte River. ................. 19 Figure 9. Physicochemical parameters measured with continuous sonde deployment at the road crossing area (upper) and an upstream riffle (lower) in biological station 16UM112........................... 21 Figure 10. Big Mink Creek drainage area, showing wetlands and stream alteration. Note station 16UM107 near the outlet of the watershed. ..................................................................................... 23 Figure 11. Evidence of iron in Big Mink Creek at 16UM107 on 8/16/2018. ......................................... 27 Figure 12. Left: Looking at upstream end of 16UM107 from CR279 on 7/23/2018. Right: Close-up of fine sediment and algae accumulated on in-channel vegetation on 7/30/2018. ................................. 28 Figure 13. Flow values are average daily discharges, as calculated by the HSPF model. ...................... 30 Figure 14. Total phosphorus (TP) and inorganic nitrogen (NOX) data from Big Mink Creek, 2011-2012 and 2016-2018. ............................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 15. Summary of DO results (mg/L) by month, for the years 2011-2012 and 2016-2018. ............ 33 Figure 16. Continuous DO measurements (mg/L) in Big Mink Creek from July 17 to July 30, 2018. ...... 34 Figure 17. Longitudinal dissolved oxygen (DO) survey results. DO shown in units of mg/L. ................. 35 Figure 18. Successful sonde deployment method in a run at 16UM107. ............................................. 37 Figure 19. Big Mink Creek small riffle, looking downstream from 255th Ave. on 8/1/2018. DO at this time was 7.25mg/L. ......................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 20. Historical aerial photo of Little Mink Creek, 6/24/1940 from MN DNR’s historical landview dataset compilation; some photos from USDA. ................................................................................. 43 Figure 21. Historical aerial photo of Little Mink Creek, 6/26/1963 from MN DNR’s historical landview dataset compilation, some photos from USDA. ................................................................................. 43 Figure 22. Aerial imagery from Google Earth, dated 5/29/2015. ........................................................ 44 ii Figure 23. This sonde was suspended at mid-depth in Little Mink Creek for thirteen days. It appears to have been colonized by a bloom of iron-oxidizing bacteria. ............................................................... 44 Figure 24. Little Mink Creek at Hawthorne Ave. (AKA Morrison CR43) on 8/28/2018. ........................ 47 Figure 25. Temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the pedestrian bridge at the upstream end of 16UM105. ........................................................................................................................................ 49 Figure 26. (Left) Close-up of algae mat near 235th Ave. road crossing; DO was 5.49mg/L here on 8/16/2018. (Right) Wide view of algae mat near road crossing, looking downstream. ........................ 49 Figure 27. The Platte River Dam was constructed in 1933 and is owned by the MN DNR. It prohibits fish from moving upstream. ............................................................................................................. 55 Figure 28. Number of redhorse individuals sampled from Platte River biological stations. .................. 56 Figure 29. Crossing of Platte River and MN-25 on 6/11/1940. ............................................................ 59 Figure 30. Pictures of the Platte River at various locations that depict its current level of in-stream, primary production, which could reach eutrophic levels if nutrient inputs are not managed. ............. 61 Figure 31. Thick macrophyte growth in 16UM117. ............................................................................ 62 Figure 32. Continuous water quality parameters measured at the outlet of Rice Lake in the summer of 2017. ............................................................................................................................................... 64 Figure 33.
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