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Insecta, Ephemeroptera: Transcontinental (); album (Say) range extensions in western North America. (); and alternatus (Say) (northern) (). In addition to W. P. McCafferty1 these transcontinental , there are a few M. D. Meyer2 others that are disjunct East and West species that are absent to a considerable extent in central 1Department of Entomology, Purdue University. regions of the continent. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA 47907. E-mail: [email protected] Based on our recent studies of from the 2Department of Biology, Chemistry, and west coast states of California, Oregon, and Environmental Science. Christopher Newport Washington, and the western intermountain USA University, 1 University Place, Newport, Virginia states (esp. Idaho), we are able to establish eight USA 23606. additional North American species with continuous transcontinental distribution patterns. In keeping Among the 631 valid species of Ephemeroptera with the trend among families shown above, six of (mayflies) that are presently known from North these species are in the family , and one is America (McCafferty 2007), relatively few have in the family . We also demonstrate this been known as having more or less continuous distribution pattern in the family Pseudironidae (non disjunct) transcontinental distribution patterns for the first time. New western state records that from the east coastal provinces of Canada and or substantiate the transcontinental patterns are given east coastal states of the USA to the west coastal for each of the species treated below, followed by provinces of Canada or the west coastal states of pertinent commentary regarding their distribution. the USA or Mexico. The best representation of Acronyms of the sources of materials appear in such distribution patterns is in the family parentheses after collection data, and at the first Baetidae, e.g., turbida (McDunnough), appearance of such an acronym, the full name to Baetis bundyae Lehmkuhl (relatively sparse and which it refers is given. Records are based on the northern), B. flavistriga McDunnough, B. aquatic, larval life stage of the mayflies, unless tricaudatus Dodds, specifically indicated as “adults” in the record data.

(Walsh), C. fluctuans (Walsh), Diphetor hageni Baetidae (Eaton), (Daggy), Procloeon bellum (McDunnough) (relatively pygmaea (Hagen). sparse and northern), and P. pennulatum (Eaton) OREGON: Douglas County, Umpqua River, 30- (relatively sparse and northern). In other VIII-2001 (EPA: United States Environmental families such continuous transcontinental patterns Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon). are uncommon among species, or in the case of This species has historically been known as a Caenidae, less common. They include such species relatively ubiquitous eastern and midwestern as subnotatus Eaton (northern) species, but recently has been reported extensively (); lacustris McDunnough from the central plains, e.g., Saskatchewan (); amica Hagen, C. latipennis (McCafferty and Randolph 1998) and Nebraska Banks, and C. tardata McDunnough (Caenidae); (McCafferty et al. 2001) and from the aurivillii (Bengtsson) and E. intermountain West, i.e., Alberta (Jacobus and excrucians Walsh (); Ephemera McCafferty 2001), Colorado (McCafferty et al. simulans Walker and Hexagenia limbata 1993), and Idaho (Lester et al. 2002). (Serville) (); Heptagenia pulla Baetis brunneicolor McDunnough. (Clemens) and Maccaffertium terminatum IDAHO: Custer County, Grant Creek above (Walsh) (); Tricorythodes minutus Bartlett Road crossing, 14-VII-1998 (EA: Traver (eastern records possibly incorrect) EcoAnalysts, Moscow, Idaho); Owyhee County, (); cupida (Say), L. Pleasant Valley, 10 m downstream of culvert, 14- nebulosa (Walker) and debilis VII-1998 (EA), and Owyhee County, Rock Creek (Walker) (); borealis (upper) following road to creek, 5-VIII-1998 (EA). (Eaton) (relatively sparse and northern)

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WASHINGTON: Lewis County, Ohanapecosh Idaho, given as the junior synonym Pseudocloeon River, 29-V-1997 (CSU: C. P. Gillette Museum, edmundsi Jensen, by Jensen (1969) (see McCafferty Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado); 2006). Because the latter record was taken on the Pierce County, White River, Route 410, Mount Snake River where it forms the border with Ranier National Park, 29-V-1997 (CSU). Oregon, it is applicable to Oregon as well. It Previously this species was known as an eastern should be noted that historically H. anoka has and upper midwestern species extending been commonly misidentified as Plauditus westward to far western South Dakota punctiventris (McDunnough), and it appears that (McCafferty 1990). As workers are becoming any previous far western records attributed to P. adept at morphologically differentiating larvae of punctiventris are applicable to H. anoka (see this species from B. tricaudatus Dodds in the East McCafferty et al. 2005; McCafferty 2006). Based (see Morihara and McCafferty 1979), it is proving on our recent study of the original morphotype to be common in that part of North America. material held at the Royal Ontario Museum, we Larvae of B. brunneicolor are easily differentiated are here able to confirm that the larval description from B. tricaudatus in the West based on larval of P. punctiventris by Ide (1937) was incorrectly pronotal color pattern (in addition to morphology), based on larvae of H. anoka. and thus, based on the scant number of B. brunneicolor material in the West, we conclude Pseudocloeon dardanum (McDunnough). that it is considerably less common in the western IDAHO: Canyon County, Boise River, at half of the continent. Caldwell, 22-IX-1963 (PERC); Canyon County, Nampa, 23-VIII-1947, adults (PERC). Callibaetis pallidus Banks. WASHINGTON: Jefferson County, Taft Creek, CALIFORNIA: Alameda County, Tilden Park, west of Hoh River Rain Forest Visitor’s Center, 13-V-1952 (UCB: Essig Museum of Entomology, Olympic National Park, 20-VI-1978 (PERC). University of California, Berkeley, California); This species was historically known mainly from Nevada County, Sagehen Creek, 20-VII-1978, Ohio to Colorado (Durfee and Kondratieff 1994) adults (UCD: Bohart Museum, University of in the U.S.A., and from Quebec to Alberta (Soluk California, Davis, California); San Diego County, 1981) in Canada. Its range was recently extended Julian, 4-VII-1962, adults (UCD). to the east coast in the U.S.A., and it was This species was known previously from predicted to be more common in the East than northeastern USA and eastern Canada, through previous data suggested (McCafferty et al. 2004). Michigan and central Canada to as far west as Alberta (Neave 1929), Utah (Needham and Pseudocloeon propinquum (Walsh). Christenson 1927), and Arizona (Lugo-Ortiz and CALIFORNIA: Riverside County, Deep Canyon, McCafferty 1995). Although widespread, C. 10-VII-1963, adults (PERC); Shasta County, Hat pallidus does not appear as ubiquitous as some Creek, Big Springs, 10-X-1976 (INHS: Illinois other North American species of Callibaetis Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois); Eaton. Shasta County, Hat Creek, Highway 299, 8-X- 1976 (INHS). Heterocloeon anoka (Daggy). OREGON: Benton County, Long Tom Canal, 21 OREGON: Deschutes County, Deschutes River, kilometers south of Corvallis, 21-V-1975 (OSU: 14-IX-2000 (EPA); Grant County, Middle Fork Oregon State Collection, Oregon State John Day River, 16-VII-2001 (EPA). University, Corvallis, Oregon); Douglas County, WASHINGTON: Benton County, Amon Wind Creek, 16-VIII-2001 (EPA); Klamath Wasteway, Lower Amon, 1-IX-2000 (PERC: County, Sprague River, 10-VI-1975 (OSU); Lake Purdue Entomological Research Collection, County, Coyote Creek, 5-VI-1999, (PERC). Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana); WASHINGTON: King County, Big Soos Creek, Spokane County, Little Spokane River, Milan, 25- Auburn, 24-VIII-1998 (USGS: National Water VII-1962, adults (PERC). Quality Laboratory, United States Geological The previous farthest west records of this species Survey, Denver, Colorado); Lewis County, were Alberta (Webb and McCafferty 2003), and Centralia, 26-VII-1936, adults (INHS).

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This species has been known as far west as the Illinois), Colin Favret (Champaign, Illinois), Bill Yukon in Canada (Wiens et al. 1975) and Idaho in Gerth (Corvallis, Oregon), Scott Grotheer the USA (Newell and Minshall 1978), and (Denver, Colorado), Steve Haydon (Davis, otherwise it is fairly well represented in the California), Brad Hubley (Toronto, Ontario), intermountain West, central plains, and eastern Darlene Judd (Corvallis, Oregon), Boris North America. Kondratieff (Fort Collins, Colorado), Phil Larson (Corvallis, Oregon), Gary Lester (Moscow, Caenidae Idaho), Bill Shepard (Berkeley, California), Bob Wieseman (Corvallis, Oregon), and Doug Yanega Caenis punctata McDunnough. (Riverside, California). CALIFORNIA: Riverside County, Santa Margarita River, Highway 395, 28-VIII-1969 (UCR: Literature cited Entomology Research Museum, University of Durfee, R. S. and B. C. Kondratieff. 1994. New California, Riverside, California). additions to the inventory of the Colorado This species is common in the eastern half of mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Entomological North America, and in the southern half of the News 105: 222-227. continent it has been known to extend westward to Edmunds, G. F. and G. G. Musser. 1960. The Colorado (McCafferty et al. 1993). Based on mayfly fauna of Green River in the Flaming previous records, the discovery of C. punctata in Gorge Reservoir Basin, Wyoming and Utah. California may not have been predictable, and University of Utah Anthropological Papers should be regarded as relatively uncommon in 48: 111-123. western North America. Ide, F. P. 1937. Descriptions of eastern North American species of baetine mayflies with Pseudironidae particular reference to the nymphal stages.

Canadian Entomologist 69: 219-231, 235- Pseudiron centralis McDunnough. 243. CALIFORNIA: Sacramento County, Sherwood Jacobus, L. M. and W. P. McCafferty. 2001. Harbor, Sacramento River, west of Sacramento, Additions to the Canadian Ephemeroptera. 14-V-2003 (PERC); Yolo County, Sacramento Journal of the New York Entomological River, west of Sacramento, 14-V-2003 (PERC). Society 109: 367-371. This species develops on sandy bottom streams Jensen, S. L. 1969. A new species of throughout eastern and central North America, Pseudocloeon from Idaho (Ephemeroptera: and has been known as far west as Alberta Baetidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 45: (Pescador 1985) and Utah (Edmunds and Musser 14-15. 1960). The Edmunds and Musser (1960) report Lester, G. T., W. P. McCafferty, and M. R. was for Pseudiron sp., but we have seen the Edmondson. 2002. New mayfly material and verified that it is referable to P. (Ephemeroptera) records from Idaho. centralis. The shifting sand substrate of the Entomological News 113: 131-136. Sacramento River provides the necessary habitat Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. and W. P. McCafferty. 1995. An for the specialized predatory larvae of this species annotated inventory of the mayflies (McCafferty and Provonsha 1986; Soluk and (Ephemeroptera) of Arizona. Entomological Craig 1990; McCafferty 1991), and we deduce News 106: 131-140. that at one time it may have occurred everywhere McCafferty. W. P. 1990. Biogeographic affinities such habitats were available in North America. of the Ephemeroptera of the Black Hills,

South Dakota. Entomological News 101: Acknowledgments 193-199. We thank the following individuals for their kind McCafferty, W. P. 1991. Comparison of Old and assistance with materials and information: Norm New World (Ephemero- Anderson (Corvallis, Oregon), Cheryl Barr ptera: ) and other (Berkeley, California), Marlys Cappaert psammophilous mayflies. Entomological (Corvallis, Oregon), Ed DeWalt (Champaign, News 102: 205-214.

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McCafferty, W. P. 2006. New synonym and Morihara, D. K. and W. P. McCafferty. 1979. The western range extension for Heterocloeon Baetis larvae of North America (Ephemero- anoka (Daggy) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). ptera: Baetidae). Transactions of the American Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Entomological Society 105: 139-221. Washington 108: 738. Neave, F. 1929. Reports of the Jasper Park Lakes McCafferty, W. P. 2007. Mayfly Central: Mayflies Investigation, 1925-26. IV. Aquatic . of North America. Electronic database Contributions to Canadian Biology and accessible at http://www.entm.purdue.edu/ Fisheries 4: 187-195. entomology/research/mayfly/mayfly.html. Needham, J. G. and R. O. Christenson. 1927. Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, Economic insects in some streams of USA. Captured on 9 January 2007. northern Utah. Bulletin of the Utah McCafferty, W. P. and A. V. Provonsha. 1986. Agricultural Experiment Station 201: 1-34. Comparative mouthpart morphology and Newell, R. L. and G. W. Minshall. 1978. An evolution of the carnivorous Heptageniiidae annotated list of the aquatic insects of (Ephemeroptera). Aquatic Insects 8: 83-89. southeastern Idaho, part III. Ephemeroptera. McCafferty, W. P. and R. P. Randolph. 1998. The Great Basin Naturalist 38: 55-58. Canada mayflies: a faunistic compendium. Pescador, M. L. 1985. Systematics of the Nearctic Proceedings of the Entomological Society Pseudiron (Ephemeroptera: of Ontario 129: 47-97. Heptageniidae: Pseudironinae). The Florida McCafferty, W. P., R. S. Durfee, and B. C. Entomologist 68: 432-444. Kondratieff. 1993. Colorado mayflies Soluk, D. A. 1981. The larva of Baetis dardanus (Ephemeroptera): an annotated inventory. McDunnough (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Southwestern Naturalist 38: 252-274. Entomological News 92: 147-151. McCafferty, W. P., T. H, Klubertanz, R. P. Soluk, D. A. and D. A. Craig. 1990. Digging with Randolph, A. V. Provonsha, H. R. Lawson, a vortex: flow manipulation facilitates prey and B. C. Kondratieff. 2001. Mayflies capture by a predatory stream mayfly. (Ephemeroptera) of the Great Plains. I. Limnology and Oceanography 35: 1201- Nebraska. Transactions of the American 1206. Entomological Society 127: 5-29. Webb, J. M. and W. P. McCafferty. 2003. New McCafferty, W. P., M. D. Meyer, J. M. Webb, and records of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from L. M. Jacobus. 2004. New state and Alberta, Canada. Entomological News 114: provincial records for North American 230-232. small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Wiens, A. P., D. M. Rosenberg, and N. B. Snow. Baetidae). Entomological News 115: 93-100. 1975. Species list of aquatic plants and McCafferty, W. P., R. D. Waltz, J. M. Webb, and collected from the Mackenzie and L. M. Jacobus. 2005. Revision of Porcupine River watersheds from 1971- Heterocloeon McDunnough (Ephemero- 1973. Canadian Fisheries and Marine ptera: Baetidae). Journal of Science Service Technical Report 557: 1-39. 5(35): 1-11. Received January 2007 Accepted February 2007 Published online March 2007

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