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MAINE STREAM EXPLORERS Photo: Theb’S/FLCKR Photo MAINE STREAM EXPLORERS Photo: TheB’s/FLCKR Photo: A treasure hunt to find healthy streams in Maine Authors Tom Danielson, Ph.D. ‐ Maine Department of Environmental Protection Kaila Danielson ‐ Kents Hill High School Katie Goodwin ‐ AmeriCorps Environmental Steward serving with the Maine Department of Environmental Protection Stream Explorers Coordinators Sally Stockwell ‐ Maine Audubon Hannah Young ‐ Maine Audubon Sarah Haggerty ‐ Maine Audubon Stream Explorers Partners Alanna Doughty ‐ Lakes Environmental Association Brie Holme ‐ Portland Water District Carina Brown ‐ Portland Water District Kristin Feindel ‐ Maine Department of Environmental Protection Maggie Welch ‐ Lakes Environmental Association Tom Danielson, Ph.D. ‐ Maine Department of Environmental Protection Image Credits This guide would not have been possible with the extremely talented naturalists that made these amazing photographs. These images were either open for non‐commercial use and/or were used by permission of the photographers. Please do not use these images for other purposes without contacting the photographers. Most images were edited by Kaila Danielson. Most images of macroinvertebrates were provided by Macroinvertebrates.org, with exception of the following images: Biodiversity Institute of Ontario ‐ Amphipod Brandon Woo (bugguide.net) – adult Alderfly (Sialis), adult water penny (Psephenus herricki) and adult water snipe fly (Atherix) Don Chandler (buigguide.net) ‐ Anax junius naiad Fresh Water Gastropods of North America – Amnicola and Ferrissia rivularis Gordon Dietzman, National Park Service ‐ Anax junius adult Ian Alexander (commons.wikimedia.org) ‐ Glossosoma egg mass Jan Hamrsky (lifeinfreshwater.net) – netspinning caddisfly (Hydropsychidae) tending its net, Glossosoma case on rock Jason Neuswanger (troutnut.com) – Glossosoma larva and pupae and dragonfly (Hagenius brevistylus) Mark Melton, (bugguide.net) ‐ Lepidostoma (inset) Ondřej Zicha (www.biolib.cz) – Leech (Erpobdella octoculata) Richard Orr, Mid‐Atlantic Invertebrate Field Studies ‐ Anax junius female emerging Robert Henricks (bugguide.net) – caddisfly larva (Glossosoma) with case in life cycle Robert Jacobs (Connecticut DEEP, retired) – crayfish Sage Ross (commons.wikimedia.org) – adult damselfly (Calopteryx) Salvador Vitanza (bugguide.net) – adult mayfly (Calllibaetis floridanus), adult cranefly (Tipula), and adult dobsonfly (Corydalus) Sheryl Pollock (www.discoverlife.org) ‐ Anax junius laying eggs (dragonfly life cycle) Tom Danielson – Examples of macroinvertebrate assemblages in Maine streams Tom Murray (bugguide.net) – adult caddisfly (Hydropsyche), non‐biting midge (Chironomus), isopod (Assellus) Thomas Palmer (bugguide.net) –riffle beetle larva (Macronychus) Welter Schultes (www.animalbase.uni‐goettingen.de) – Lymnaea snails For more information: Hannah Young at [email protected] or 207‐781‐2330, ext. 219 This project was funded by a grant from the Maine Outdoor Heritage Fund Table of Contents Introduction to Maine Stream Explorers ................................................................................ 2 Training ................................................................................................................................... 3 Sampling methods ................................................................................................................. 3 Aquatic macroinvertebrates ................................................................................................... 7 Taxonomic keys ....................................................................................................................... 12 Brush‐legged mayfly ............................................................................................................... 20 Spiny crawler mayfly ............................................................................................................... 21 Epeorus .................................................................................................................................... 22 Flat‐headed mayfly ................................................................................................................. 23 Minnow mayfly ....................................................................................................................... 24 Prong‐gilled mayfly ................................................................................................................. 25 Small square‐gill mayfly .......................................................................................................... 26 Little stout crawler mayfly ...................................................................................................... 27 Roach‐like stonefly .................................................................................................................. 28 Giant stonefly .......................................................................................................................... 29 Common stonefly .................................................................................................................... 30 Green stonefly ......................................................................................................................... 31 Tiny stoneflies ......................................................................................................................... 32 Miscellaneous small stoneflies ............................................................................................... 3 3 Free‐living caddisfly ................................................................................................................ 34 Tortoise‐shell caddisfly ........................................................................................................... 35 Log cabin caddisfly .................................................................................................................. 36 Wood panel caddisfly .............................................................................................................. 37 Long‐horned Case Maker ........................................................................................................ 38 Tubenet caddisflies ................................................................................................................. 39 Netspinning caddisfly .............................................................................................................. 40 Snail‐case maker caddisfly ...................................................................................................... 41 Other case‐making caddisflies ................................................................................................ 4 2 Dobsonfly and alderfly ............................................................................................................ 43 Clubtail dragonfly .................................................................................................................... 44 Darner dragonfly ..................................................................................................................... 45 Jewelwings .............................................................................................................................. 46 Narrow‐winged damselfly ....................................................................................................... 47 Blackfly .................................................................................................................................... 48 Water snipe fly ........................................................................................................................ 49 Crane flies ............................................................................................................................... 50 Aquatic dance fly ..................................................................................................................... 51 Non‐biting midges ................................................................................................................... 52 Riffle beetle ............................................................................................................................. 53 Water penny ........................................................................................................................... 54 Crayfish ................................................................................................................................... 55 Limpet ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Mud snail ................................................................................................................................. 57 Maine Stream Explorers Guide Page | 1 Other snails ............................................................................................................................. 58 Amphipods .............................................................................................................................. 59 Isopods .................................................................................................................................... 59 Aquatic earthworms ............................................................................................................... 60 Leeches...................................................................................................................................
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