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Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy

Invertebrates

Version 1.1

Prepared by

John E. Rawlins Carnegie Museum of Natural History Section of Invertebrate Zoology

January 12, 2007

Cover photographs (top to bottom): Speyeria cybele, great spangled fritillary (: ) (Rank: S5G5) Alaus oculatus., eyed elater (Coleoptera: Elateridae)(Rank: S5G5) Calosoma scrutator, fiery caterpillar hunter (Coleoptera: Carabidae) (Rank: S5G5) Brachionycha borealis, boreal sprawler (Lepidoptera: ), last instar larva (Rank: SHG4) Metarranthis sp. near duaria, early metarranthis moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (Rank: S3G4) Psaphida thaxteriana (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Rank: S4G4)

Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy

Invertebrates

Version 1.1

Prepared by

John E. Rawlins Carnegie Museum of Natural History Section of Invertebrate Zoology

January 12, 2007

This report was filed with the Pennsylvania Game Commission on October 31, 2006 as a product of a State Wildlife Grant (SWG) entitled:

Rawlins, J.E. 2004-2006. Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Special Concern: Viability, Status, and Recommendations for a Statewide Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan in Pennsylvania. In collaboration with the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (C.W. Bier) and The Nature Conservancy (A. Davis). A Proposal to the State Wildlife Grants Program, Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Text portions of this report are an adaptation of an appendix to a statewide conservation strategy prepared as part of federal requirements for the Pennsylvania State Wildlife Grants Program, specifically:

Rawlins, J.E. 2005. Pennsylvania Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS)-Priority Invertebrates. Appendix 5 (iii + 227 pp) in Williams, L., et al. (eds.). Pennsylvania Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Pennsylvania Game Commission and Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Version 1.0 (October 1, 2005). 772 pp + appendices.

This report (without data appendices) may be cited as follows:

Rawlins, J.E. 2007. Pennsylvania Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Invertebrates. Version 1.1. A report submitted to the Pennsylvania Game Commission and Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (January 12, 2007). ii + 227 pp.

Contributing primary investigators: John E. Rawlins, Carnegie Museum of Natural History Charles W. Bier, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy Betsy Ray Leppo, Pennsylvania Science Office, The Nature Conservancy Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1

Table of Contents

About this Document 1

1 Background 2

2 Threats Impacting Invertebrates In Pennsylvania 3 2.1 Challenges To Invertebrate Conservation In Pennsylvania 4 2.2 Levels Of Knowledge About Invertebrates 7

3 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates In Need Of Conservation Action 10 3.1 Sources Of Information 11 3.2 Rankings 13 3.3 CWCS Tiering Of Invertebrate Species In Pennsylvania 16

4 CWCS - Priority Species - Invertebrates 21 4.1 Invertebrates Thought To Be Extirpated In Pennsylvania 22 4.2 Pennsylvania Invertebrates Of Immediate Concern 26 4.3 Pennsylvania Invertebrates Of High Level Concern 34 4.4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 41

5 Invertebrate Species Of Greatest Conservation Need In Pennsylvania 52 (Responsibility + Rarity)

6 Management Issues For CWCS-Priority Invertebrates In Pennsylvania 55

7 Targeting Habitat Management Responses For Pennsylvania Invertebrates 56 7.1 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 57 Predominantly Forest Species 58 Predominantly Wetland Species 65 Predominantly Stream And River Species 70 Predominantly Rocky Habitat Species 76 Predominantly Sandy Beach Species 76 Predominantly Grassland Or Open Habitat Species 77 Predominantly Thickets And Barrens Species 79

8 Ensuring Adequate State-Level Protection For Species Exposed To Special Threats 81

i Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1

9 Statewide Priority Research Needs - Invertebrate Conservation In Pennsylvania 84 9.1 Presence/Absence Studies, Especially Species Of Immediate Concern (Tier I) 85 9.2 Research On Conservation Status, Especially Species Of Immediate And High 86 Concern (Tier 1 And Tier 2) 9.3 Conservation Genetics: Issues Of Species Status And Pennsylvania Distinctiveness 87 9.4 The Need For Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 94 9.4.1 Comprehensive Inventory Of A Major Aquatic Lineage 96 (Diptera: Tipulidae) 9.4.2 Collection-Based Inventory Of A Major Terrestrial Indicator Lineage 106 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) 9.4.3 Rapid Conservation Assessment Of Species Presence For A Major 124 Lineage Of Invertebrates. (Diptera Or True )

10 Pennsylvania Invertebrates Of Uncertain Need For Conservation 156

11 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered To Be Of Special Concern 160

12 Species Unconfirmed In Pennsylvania But Included On Conservation Lists In 190 Neighboring States 12.1 Extinct or Extirpated In A Neighboring State To Pennsylvania 191 12.2 Species Of Immediate Conservation Concern In A Neighboring State To 192 Pennsylvania 12.3 Species Of High Conservation Concern In A Neighboring State To Pennsylvania 196 12.4 Species Ranked As Vulnerable In A Neighboring State To Pennsylvania 198 12.5 Species Not Of Conservation Concern Or Of Uncertain Conservation Status In A 202 Neighboring State To Pennsylvania 12.6 Pennsylvania Invasive Species 224

13 Relevant Literature 225

ii Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 About this Document

The following text, species lists, and data compilations for Pennsylvania invertebrate species of special concern for conservation is an adaptation of Appendix 5 of a statewide strategy for wildlife conservation submitted by Pennsylvania wildlife agencies in October 2005. This Pennsylvania Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS) was for partial completion of requirements for continued funding of the State Wildlife Grants Program in Pennsylvania. The CWCS (Williams, L., et al. (eds.). Pennsylvania Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Pennsylvania Game Commission and Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Version 1.0 (October 1, 2005). 772 pp + appendices.) provided a solid and detailed basis for wildlife conservation by both commissions.

The following materials does not include data appendices in original report that included findings from extensive fieldwork conducted in 2004-2005 with funding from a State Wildlife Grant entitled “Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Special Concern: Viability, Status, and Recommendations for a Statewide Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan in Pennsylvania.” That project was collaborative between staff in the Section of Invertebrate Zoology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History, and personnel from the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy under the supervision of Charles. W. Bier, and staff of the Pennsylvania Science Office of The Nature Conservancy under the supervision of Anthony Davis (later Greg Czarnecki).

The primary difference between this document and the original Appendix 5 submitted in 2005 is the inclusion of findings from fieldwork, especially inclusion of additional species in various conservation categories.

Acknowledgments Special appreciation is extended to collaborators and administrators who made this project possible, including Charles W. Bier and Ryan E. Miller (Western PA Conservancy), and Nancy Clupper, Anthony Davis, Greg Czarnecki, and Betsy J. Ray (The Nature Conservancy). For tolerance, guidance, and abundant patience I thank Patricia Barber and Lisa Williams (PA Game Commission). Designer Rita M. Lee provided tremendous help with designing and formatting this report. The Carnegie Museum staff in the Section of Invertebrate Zoology undertook sorting, preparation and authoritative identification, led by coordinator David P. Koenig, and involving amazing input from Robert A. Androw, Robert L. Davidson, Deborah Denovich, Hillary Fetzner, Dr. James W. Fetzner, Jr., Jane C. Hyland, Timothy J. Tomon, Vanessa Verdecia, Dr. Chen W. Young, and Walter A. Zanol. Field work oversight at The Nature Conservancy was provided by Betsy J. Ray (Leppo), and by Ryan E. Miller and Tam Smith for the Western PA Conservancy. Data on special concern listings was supplemented by Kierstin Carlson of the Western PA Conservancy. The project benefited enormously from the field collecting efforts of many persons, including most of the above mentioned persons and Trudy Beal, Daniel Bogar, Donna E. Bowers, M. Bradburn, Jenni Case, John Deeds, Ryan Evans, William Gleason, George Gress, James Hart, Z. Horn, Jim Hoyson, Susan Klugman, P. Kukulski, Edward C. Masteller, Pat McElhenny, Andrew S. Mehring, T. Morris, Sally Ray, Larry Rosche, Ashley E. Shultz, C. Stumpf, and Kyle Vanderhoof.

1 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Background 1

The primary goal of a comprehensive strategy for invertebrate conservation in Pennsylvania is to conserve Pennsylvania species, their ecological and evolutionary integrity, and their societal utility within Pennsylvania habitats in a scientifically rigorous, economically efficient, and environmentally sustainable manner. In practice, this means stabilizing or improving the conservation status of individual species, keeping the status of most native species from worsening, and, in a few cases, preventing the extirpation of endangered species from Pennsylvania habitats. The practical outcome of an effective conservation strategy will be to prevent additional species from being federally listed with the concomitant extraordinary measures and expense that such listing entails, and whenever possible to reduce the number of species currently listed.

2 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Threats Impacting Invertebrates in Pennsylvania 2

Although fundamentally similar in theory and practice to vertebrates, conservation planning for invertebrates is complicated by special challenges that must be appreciated and overcome during the development of any practical and executable plan. Relative to vertebrates, these challenges include the great species diversity of invertebrates, and a lack of knowledge about their systematics and basic biology that is limiting expertise on invertebrate species, as well as a need for more information on their habitat associations and dependencies.

Threats to invertebrate conservation in Pennsylvania have been clearly articulated (Rawlins and Bier, 1998) and excerpts from that discussion are included here. The most significant threats to the ecological and evolutionary viability of invertebrate populations in Pennsylvania are the same as those influencing vascular and vertebrates. Of greatest concern in recent years are (1) man-induced disturbances such as result from agricultural practices (tillage, weed control, decreased floristic diversity, pesticides, and fertilizers); (2) forestry methods (timber harvest, pesticides, changes in both taxonomic composition and structural diversity of second growth forests); (3) land-use changes (urbanization, suburban sprawl, road construction); (4) habitat conversion (wetlands draining, dam construction, and aquatic degradation from channelization, dredging, and pollution); (5) introduction of exotic predators and/or competitors; (6) decrease in the size and spatial continuity of habitats (fragmentation); (7) changes in background environmental conditions influencing the availability of limiting microhabitats (acid rain, soil degradation, aerial pollution, temperature change); (8) reduction in viable population size (loss of genetic diversity and susceptibility to extirpation); (9) decreased diversity and changes in vegetation. Perhaps the single greatest threat to invertebrate biodiversity in Pennsylvania is continuing ignorance of the fauna, its biology, and ecological interactions. This unfamiliarity is the result of special challenges that confront the modern study of invertebrates.

3 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Threats Impacting Invertebrates in Pennsylvania 2 Challenges to Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 2.1

The following detailed list of challenges confronting Pennsylvania invertebrates exemplifies major threats to invertebrate conservation everywhere.

Challenge 1: The tremendous number of species and taxonomic complexity of invertebrates make their identification difficult and often requires the attention of a specialist. High diversity complicates accurate identification, because of the large number of species that might potentially be encountered. Species recognition and delimitation is often based on microscopic attributes or characters discernible only after special techniques of dissection or preparation have been employed. The lack of authoritatively curated collections, and the absence of modern systematic treatments for many taxa greatly complicate the ease and accuracy of identification. In addition, the large number of taxa and exceptionally small number of specialists can lead to greater difficulty in obtaining authoritative identifications or verifying tentative determinations (Fig. 3). Even the presence or absence of the species in management units is often difficult or impossible to determine with confidence. Confirmation of presence in Pennsylvania is needed for many species known from single or dubious records, as well as for species of regular occurrence not yet documented formally as occurring in the state. Finally, few groups are understood well enough systematically to make it possible to identify them without retention of voucher specimens. In fact, most invertebrate identifications are suspect and not authoritative unless specimen-based documentation is employed, meaning each data record is backed by an actual specimen for which the identification may be verified in the future as knowledge of the group improves. This is not only true for microscopic taxa, but also necessary for most other invertebrates with the exception of a few large and distinctive species.

Challenge 2: The relatively poorly-known systematics of many invertebrate lineages are a major complication for understanding their needs, including information on species status, species identification and, in many cases, species recognition (new or undescribed species).

Challenge 3: Specialists competent to provide authoritative identifications and information on many invertebrate groups are few in number, often not residing within the state, and usually overloaded with identification requests for their specialty. Systematic expertise includes more than just identification skills, and specialists are often the best source of information on biology, development, ecology, and conservation for the same taxa. The number of experienced systematists is declining as the number of students training for careers in systematics decreases, and the availability of systematic expertise will remain one of the more limiting factors for invertebrate study in the foreseeable future. The number of persons who can accurately recognize invertebrate species and study them in natural settings is small to very small; these are the people essential for making accurate observations on invertebrate biology and behavior, critical ingredients for effective management.

Challenge 4: The fractional knowledge of the basic biology, phenology, demography, life history, limiting factors, and distribution of most invertebrate species, especially for numerous small to very small species or those with nocturnal activity or cryptic habits.

Challenge 5: The dearth of meaningful ecological context for most invertebrate taxa, including a lack of information on ecological dependencies (host plants, predators, parasites, pathogens) and especially the nature and restrictiveness of habitat associations that would allow habitat-based management efforts to be effective.

4 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Threats Impacting Invertebrates in Pennsylvania 2 Challenges to Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 2.1

Challenge 6: Lack of a comprehensive and well-coordinated system statewide for gathering and disseminating information on invertebrates prevents prompt attention to their needs, whether it is conservation of special concern taxa or management of pests. A computerized system capable of rapidly processing and distributing information on a large number of species is needed, together with establishment of uniform standards and protocols for inventory, monitoring, and research on invertebrate taxa by as many collaborators as possible.

Challenge 7: Stewardship mandated by Pennsylvania law and assigned to a government agency is lacking for all terrestrial invertebrates, and conservation and study of those groups fail to garner appropriate attention. Aquatic groups have received attention from the agency responsible for their oversight, the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, but conservation of invertebrates on the whole still suffers from unassigned stewardship and limited resources for management.

Challenge 8: The lack of current and useful information on conservation status for species, minimally, to recognize species of special concern (SSCs), and, optimally, to place SSCs into categories of urgency for triggering a management response in Pennsylvania.

Challenge 9: Public perceptions, concerns, and attitudes about species are not equal across the biota. Invertebrates comprise an artificial group of dissimilar organisms, and public awareness of them is often lacking or nonexistent. In addition, obscure, but ecologically significant, invertebrate taxa are not recognized by the public, and therefore not valued.

Challenge 10: Invertebrates are perceived as not having ecological relevance. This is caused by a disregard for or lack of awareness of their ecological interactions, and the continuing proprietary practice of state agencies to inventory and monitor target species or lineages without context in the associated flora and fauna. Modern biodiversity assessment never is limited exclusively to a single species, and the critical importance of invertebrates will become evident as monitoring and management become more ecosystem-based and, of necessity, involve simultaneous assessment of many related organisms across a broad range of habitats.

Challenge 11: The economic utility of developing our knowledge of invertebrates is not suitably appreciated by stakeholders (agriculturalists, foresters, land-owners, conservationists, scientists, and others). This is mostly the result of a lack of communication about invertebrate species and failure to demonstrate that knowledge of invertebrate status is good business, whether it be for crop protection or as indicators of ecosystem health.

Those invertebrate groups that to date have received the greatest amount of attention with respect to conservation are those where the 11 challenges above are least limiting. These include lineages with few species and relatively well-studied systematics, species with conspicuous life histories made evident by large body size and diurnal activity, and invertebrate groups favored historically by public awareness and for which habitat associations are therefore better understood. Such groups include , skippers, larger , large (especially tiger beetles), , and . Other lineages of great species diversity, small body size, poorly understood , inconspicuous or unknown biologies, and studied primarily by specialists are largely missing from occurrence lists for Pennsylvania, and remain outside the purview of conservationists and the influence of resource managers applying habitat-based methods across the state.

5 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Threats Impacting Invertebrates in Pennsylvania 2 Challenges to Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 2.1

Each of these challenges must be met by clearly recognizing what is currently known about the presence, systematics, life history, ecology, and conservation status of Pennsylvania invertebrates. Efficiently applying available resources for both management and research to meet these challenges becomes the central and continuing theme of a comprehensive strategy for invertebrate conservation in Pennsylvania.

6 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Threats Impacting Invertebrates in Pennsylvania 2 Levels of Knowledge About Invertebrates 2.2

Unlike vertebrate and counterparts, the majority of invertebrate species in Pennsylvania are so poorly known that little can be said about their conservation status, their basic biology, their systematic placement and relationships, or even their presence in the state. The challenge for a comprehensive conservation strategy then, is to respond effectively across the spectrum of knowledge for invertebrate species. Such a plan must seek to balance the management and research actions that impact conservation outcomes in both the short run and the long term. These actions include: baseline surveys verifying presence or absence of species in Pennsylvania; biotic inventory determining phenology and distribution; systematic research clarifying species status and genetic variation; biological studies to quantify life history fundamentals; ecological documentation for habitat associations and species dependencies; determination of conservation status and monitoring that status through time; management applications; management performance review, evaluation, and action modification.

Classifying species into categories of conservation awareness is an essential first step for developing an effective management strategy. A species is considered qualified for status determination in Pennsylvania if its presence (past or current) in the state is verifiable and it is included on conservation lists.

A. Qualified for Status Determination, Evaluated, and Ranked as Species of Special Concern: These species are sufficiently well known to have been included on conservation lists with explicit conservation ranking in Pennsylvania. These are species that qualify for consideration in Pennsylvania, are suitable for evaluation, and have sufficient data for determination of conservation status. Data deficiencies for these taxa usually involve lack of biological and ecological information that may clarify limiting factors or causes for decline. It goes without saying that even though conservation status is determined and a rank assigned, there may often be little or no current data or other convincing information to rigorously defend the assigned ranking. Because a past rank assignment may persist through time and become inappropriate or incorrect, the determination of conservation status must be viewed as a continuing process, regularly updated, and especially so when a given rank becomes one of the critical factors triggering a management response for the species. Regular and periodic confirmation of conservation status is the responsibility of every effective management strategy.

B. Qualified and Evaluated, but not Ranked as Species of Special Concern: These are species in Pennsylvania that have been evaluated and ranked as secure, or species that have not yet been evaluated, but are generally known to be abundant and widespread. This category includes the majority of invertebrate species.

C. Qualified for Status Determination, Evaluated, and Data Deficient (Not Ranked): These species are sufficiently well known to have been included on conservation lists but lack sufficient data to justify explicit conservation ranking. These species qualify for conservation status review, but when evaluated, fail to merit ranking because of data insufficiencies of many kinds. These taxa range from common, abundant species to those of serious conservation concern. In most instances, the data deficiency is lack of information on abundance and distribution resulting from incomplete or inadequate survey or inventory, and when those efforts are supplemented, the species are found to be numerous and widespread, therefore not ranked as species of special concern for conservation. Caution is warranted, despite the fact that most data-deficient species are ranked eventually as secure, because some data-deficient taxa are of genuine conservation concern.

7 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Threats Impacting Invertebrates in Pennsylvania 2 Levels of Knowledge About Invertebrates 2.2

D. Not Qualified for Status Determination in Pennsylvania, but Ranked in Neighboring States as Species of Special Concern: These are species that conservation listings do not include for Pennsylvania, but have ranked as a species of special concern in one or more neighboring states. The proximity of these species in neighboring states makes possible, but not certain, their presence in Pennsylvania and therefore qualified for evaluation. In a similar way, but even less certain, the ranking of such species in neighboring states may infer their ranking in Pennsylvania. This is especially uncertain for occurrences in Pennsylvania that are extralimital or peripheral to the main range of the species, as such peripheral records may be rare and therefore ranked more readily as taxa of special concern. To some extent, the apparent absence of a species in Pennsylvania and its occurrence in one or more neighboring states may be an inference of rarity in Pennsylvania, possibly the result of being peripheral or extralimital to the main range of the species. In any case, the ranking of a species in a neighboring state that is not qualified for ranking (i.e., absent) in Pennsylvania, should never trigger a management response for that species in Pennsylvania. However, such ranking in neighboring states may prioritize inventory efforts to verify presence/absence of the species in Pennsylvania.

E. Not Qualified for Status Determination in Pennsylvania, Present in Neighboring States, but not Ranked there as Species of Special Concern. These are species that also may occur in Pennsylvania, and if so, may or may not be ranked as species of special concern for the same reasons discussed earlier in Item 4. At most, these species may be given priority for surveys seeking to confirm presence or absence in Pennsylvania.

F. Species with Presence in Pennsylvania Verifiable, but not Included on Conservation Listings for Evaluation and Possible Ranking. Unfortunately, this is the single largest category of Pennsylvania invertebrates in terms of conservation awareness. Most of these species are documented by authoritatively identified specimens in institutional collections, but that information has not yet been registered or acknowledged in terms of placing them on conservation lists. These Pennsylvania records need to be confirmed and the species placed on conservation lists for evaluation, ranking, or further research if found to be data-deficient.

G. Species with Presence in Pennsylvania Unknown, Undocumented, and Not Verifiable. These are species not yet documented formerly in Pennsylvania. Most consist of named species known from elsewhere and not yet recorded in Pennsylvania, but some are new taxa (undescribed, unnamed species) that await description or discovery. It is important to emphasize that discovery of new species may occur two ways, 1) by new collections in the field documenting the species, or 2) by revisionary or genetic studies clarifying the status of species and revealing entities not formerly thought to occur or listed under other names. In the more obscure lineages, the first category is in the preponderance, but the other situation may occur in even the most conspicuous and showy species (e.g., the tiger swallowtail of Linnaeus, Papilio glaucus, was revised recently and found to include the common species known for centuries, plus a new one previously thought to just be a variety, the Appalachian tiger swallowtail, Papilio appalachiensis).

Lack of information on many Pennsylvania invertebrate groups is astounding. The annelids are a good example of this despite several species of aquatic Oligochaeta (haplotaxid and lumbriculid worms) being species of special conservation concern in states neighboring on Pennsylvania. No documentation is available for them in Pennsylvania.

8 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Threats Impacting Invertebrates in Pennsylvania 2 Levels of Knowledge About Invertebrates 2.2

Most earthworms (terrestrial Oligochaeta) encountered in soils are common introduced species (Reynolds, 1995), and there is a general misconception that Pennsylvania has no native earthworm species. James (1995) recently published maps for native earthworm genera that include southern Pennsylvania species of Diplocardia, Eisenoides, Bimastos, and Sparganophilus, as well as Komarekiona eatoni. For the earthworm fauna east of the Rocky Mountains, only the Lutodrilus is not indicated as being from Pennsylvania on James' maps. Of the five families of native Nearctic earthworms, only the Lutodrilidae is missing from Pennsylvania.

Introduced earthworms in continental North America are mostly Lumbricidae, with 36 species in 13 genera of which 10 species of Bimastos and 2 species of Eisenoides are considered native east of the Rockies. From that region (ignoring the Pacific Northwest which has some interesting native Megascolecidae) the native Lutodrilidae contains a single species as does the Komarekionidae. Native Megascolecidae in the east includes the single genus Diplocardia with 43 described species of uncertain relationship, the Sparganophilidae with a single genus and 11 species, and the native Lumbricidae with just two genera and 12 species. In summary, the eastern Nearctic fauna is represented by five families, 6 genera, and 68 described native species.

So despite the notion that there are few if any native earthworms in Pennsylvania, and in the absence of any recent research or published report on the native earthworms, it is likely that the state contains the twenty species listed for both New York and Maryland, and quite likely an additional two species listed for Ohio (James, 1995). Lacking hard anatomy, and potentially genetically diverse, the earthworms represent an example of unknown invertebrate biodiversity that is ecologically significant and tractable to modern methods for study using molecular genetic markers. If the earthworms aren’t convincing as to our ignorance of invertebrates in Pennsylvania, ponder the Nematoda.

9 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of 3 Conservation Action

The following sections describe sources of information and criteria for status determination, conservation ranking, and placement into conservation tiers for as many species of Pennsylvania invertebrates as possible (Subsections A, B, and C in Appendix 2.1). This is a comprehensive listing of all Pennsylvania species that have hitherto been mentioned or included conservation purposes by some organization or agency. It by no means represents all species qualified for status evaluation in Pennsylvania, and is seriously biased toward the larger, more conspicuous, active, often diurnal, or aquatic species. Nonetheless, it is a large number of species (1,324), but far less than the total number of species that might potentially qualify for status evaluation in the state. The total number of invertebrate species in Pennsylvania was recently estimated (Rawlins and Bier, 1998) to be 11,702 or 53.2 percent of all eukaryotic organisms. By contrast, all plants including algae are 23.5 percent of that group, 16.5 percent is fungi and lichens, and 3.2 percent is vertebrates. alone constitute 46 percent of total eukaryotic biodiversity in the state, and at least 80 percent of those are terrestrial. The above estimates are crude and will increase as the result of further baseline inventory, but it is important to note the lists that follow register only 11.3 percent of the potential Pennsylvania invertebrates requiring stewardship in the Commonwealth.

For reasons that are not entirely clear, it is widely perceived that invertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats are relatively less likely to be of conservation concern than vertebrates in the same habitats. Historically this may be due to the much less complete data available for most invertebrate lineages as compared to vertebrates. Recent review of the status of stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) from Illinois based on comparison of historical records with recent sampling, has shown that state’s stonefly fauna to be greatly imperiled, and suggests that other aquatic groups (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and ) may have similar threatened status (DeWalt et al, 2005). Two extinctions of endemics and 20 extirpations of 77 total species of Plecoptera in Illinois is a loss rate higher than that of either mussels or fish in the same systems. Nineteen additional stonefly species (24.7% of the historical total) were designated as critically imperiled. If this situation is paralleled in Pennsylvania, and extends to other aquatic or terrestrial groups, then it seriously undermines any generalization that vertebrate species are more vulnerable to threat than invertebrate.

10 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 Sources of Information 3.1

The following sources of information are databases or lists of invertebrates in Pennsylvania constructed for purposes of species conservation, as opposed to checklists or taxonomic catalogs written for purposes of research on systematics, faunistics, or nomenclature. These information sources were used to compile a comprehensive list of invertebrate species in Pennsylvania that qualify for conservation status determination. A species qualifies for such evaluation by being present in Pennsylvania and/or having been mentioned in one or more information sources involving or implying conservation action.

The comprehensive list is presented in full in various parts of Appendix 4. It constitutes a draft registry of most invertebrate species that have at one time or another been considered for conservation purposes, although many have never been ranked, or have data deficiencies preventing such ranking. These lists include species not appropriate for conservation action but important to include as invasives, exotics, or taxa of occasional or accidental occurrence. Many species on these lists are secure, abundant, and clearly not of special concern for conservation. Many species are only included in this listing because of their documented occurrence on conservation-oriented listings for neighboring states, with presence in Pennsylvania confirmed from other sources, and therefore qualifying for status evaluation. Some neighboring species not yet confirmed in Pennsylvania, have an increased likelihood for eventually being documented here, and those listings are given in Appendix 8.

Of the 44 species of insects now listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as threatened or endangered in the United States, only two are historically known from Pennsylvania and both are now considered extirpated there (American burying , Nicrophorus americanus; Karner blue , Lycaeides melissa samuelis).

Endangered Species Act, Native Species Legislative Authority: United States Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973: Public Law 93-20 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. All taxa listed as endangered, threatened, or candidate under the United States Endangered Species Act. http://endangered.fws.gov/

The World Conservation Union Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) - http://www.redlist.org/

Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Code: Pennsylvania Aquatic Organisms Legislative Authority: Title 30, Chapter 75, Fish and Boat Code, revised February 9, 1991; Pennsylvania Fish Commission.

The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation (http://www.xerces.org/home.htm), especially The Xerces Society Red List of Pollinator Insects of North America, (http://www.xerces.org/Pollinator_Red_List/index.htm)

Canada's Species At Risk Act (SARA) - (http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/species/default_e.cfm). Based on candidate species lists generated by Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) - (http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct5/index_e.cfm)

11 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 Sources of Information 3.1

Forester Sensitive Species Lists, U.S. Forest Service (http://www.fs.fed.us/biology/tes/, especially in Eastern Region (http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/wildlife/tes/index.html) National Heritage Network (source tables provided from state program (PNHP) by partner Western Pennsylvania Conservancy), including all species from Element Tracking List for Pennsylvania, and all species recorded for neighboring states but not noted for Pennsylvania. - (http://www.natureserve.org/aboutUs/network.jsp)

Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program (PNHP) - State-level ranking system and expertise. - http://www.naturalheritage.state.pa.us/

NatureServe - On-line review of Natural Heritage Network listings via NatureServe Explorer (global- and state-level ranking system, federal status and diverse conservation data) - http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ , http://www.natureserve.org/infonatura/

Neighboring State Listings - Species of Special Concern for Conservation as noted in States Sharing Borders with Pennsylvania (via Heritage Network or direct from State Heritage Programs): New York, , Delaware, Maryland, West , Ohio. Dunn, Gary A. 2004 (update of 1996 version). Vanishing Insects. A List of Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, and Rare Insects of the United States. Young Entomologists' Society, Inc., Special Publication No. 11. http://members.aol.com/yesclub2/vanish.html

Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Special Concern. Opler, P.A. (ed.). 198 Invertebrates. Pp. 81-165 in H.H. Genoways and F.J. Brenner (eds.). Species of Special Concern in Pennsylvania. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 11, vi + 430 pp.

Organizations providing additional species or information: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (http://www.acnatsci.org/)

Carnegie Museum of Natural History: Section of Invertebrate Zoology - (http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/inverts/IZHome.html) and Section of Mollusks – (http://www.carnegiemnh.org/mollusks/index.htm)

Pennsylvania Biodiversity Partnership (http://www.pabiodiversity.org/)

Pennsylvania Biological Survey (http://www.dickinson.edu/prorg/pabs/pabs_main.htm)

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation of Natural Resources (http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/)

The Nature Conservancy – Conservation By Design / Ecoregional Plans (http://www.nature.org/aboutus/howwework/cbd/)

Western Pennsylvania Conservancy (http://www.paconserve.org/)

U.S. Department of Agriculture (http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome)

12 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 Species Rankings 3.2

The following section provides definitions for abbreviated conservation status codes applied to invertebrates under various statutory authorities or from other sources. These explain the application of codes as applied throughout this appendix.

United States Endangered Species Act of 1973 Native Plant and Animal Species Legislative Authority: United States Endangered Species Act of 1973: Public Law 93-20 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Federal Codes and Definitions LE - Listed Endangered - A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

LT - Listed Threatened - Any species that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

LELT - Listed Endangered in part of range; listed Threatened in the remaining part.

PE - Proposed Endangered - Taxa proposed to be listed as endangered.

PT - Proposed Threatened - Taxa proposed to be listed as threatened.

PEPT - Proposed Endangered in part of range; proposed Threatened in the remaining part.

C - Candidate for listing.

E(S/A) - Treat as Endangered because of similarity of appearance.

T(S/A) - Treat as Threatened because of similarity of appearance.

Pennsylvania Invertebrate Legislative Authority: No state agency has been assigned to develop regulations to protect terrestrial invertebrates although federal status exists for some species. Aquatic invertebrates are regulated by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission.

Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Aquatic Organisms Legislative Authority: Title 30, Chapter 75, Fish and Boat Code, revised February 9, 1991; Pennsylvania Fish Commission.

PE - Pennsylvania Endangered - All species declared by: 1) the U. S. Secretary of the Interior to be threatened with extinction and appear on the Endangered Species List or the Native Endangered Species List published in the Federal Register; or 2) have been declared by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission executive director to be threatened with extinction and appear on the Pennsylvania Endangered Species List published by the Pennsylvania Bulletin.

PT - Pennsylvania Threatened - All species declared by: 1) the U.S. Secretary of the Interior to be in such small numbers throughout their range that they may become endangered if their environment worsens, and appear on a Threatened Species List published in the Federal Register; or 2) have been declared by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission executive

13 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 Species Rankings 3.2

director to be in such small numbers throughout their range that they may become endangered if their environment worsens and appear on the Pennsylvania Threatened Species List published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. PC - that could become endangered or threatened in the future. All of these are uncommon, have restricted distribution or are at risk because of certain aspects of their biology.

N - No current legal status, but is under review for future listing.

Natural Heritage Network. Global Heritage Codes and Definitions Listed below are definitions for interpreting global status ranks as assigned by scientists at NatureServe or by a designated lead office in the Natural Heritage Network.

GX - Presumed Extinct (species)—Believed to be extinct throughout its range. Not located, despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.

GH - Possibly Extinct (species)—Known from only historical occurrences, but may nevertheless still be extant; further searching needed.

G1 - Critically Imperiled—Critically imperiled globally because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extinction. Typically five or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000) or acres (<2,000) or linear miles (<10).

G2 - Imperiled—Imperiled globally because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extinction or elimination. Typically six to 20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000 to 3,000) or acres (2,000 to 10,000) or linear miles (10 to 50).

G3 - Vulnerable—Vulnerable globally either because very rare and local throughout its range, found only in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extinction or elimination. Typically 21 to 100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals.

G4 - Apparently Secure—Uncommon, but not rare (although it may be rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery), and usually widespread. Apparently not vulnerable in most of its range, but possibly cause for long-term concern. Typically more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.

G5 - Secure—Common, widespread, and abundant (although it may be rare in parts of its range, particularly on the periphery). Not vulnerable in most of its range. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals.

14 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 Species Rankings 3.2

Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program Pennsylvania Codes and Definitions Listed below are definitions for interpreting Natural Heritage Network conservation status ranks at the state level. Assigning state-level conservation status ranks for species follows the same general principles as used in assigning global status ranks. A state rank, however, cannot imply that the species is more secure at the state level than it is globally (i.e., a rank of G1S3 cannot occur). State ranks in Pennsylvania are assigned and maintained by PNHP partners, including state agencies, The Nature Conservancy, and the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy.

SX - Presumed Extirpated—Species or community is believed to be extirpated from the state. Not located, despite intensive searches of historical sites and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood that it will be rediscovered.

SH - Possibly Extirpated (Historical)—Species or community occurred historically in the state, and there is some possibility that it may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20-40 years. A species or community could become NH or SH without such a 20- to 40-year delay if the only known occurrences in a state were destroyed or if it had been extensively and unsuccessfully looked for. The NH or SH rank is reserved for species for which some effort has been made to relocate occurrences, rather than simply using this status for all elements not known from verified extant occurrences.

S1 - Critically Imperiled—Critically imperiled in the state because of extreme rarity (often five or fewer occurrences) or because of some factor(s), such as very steep declines, making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from the state.

S2 - Imperiled—Imperiled in the state because of rarity caused by very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the nation or state/province.

S3 - Vulnerable—Vulnerable in the state because of a restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation.

S4 - Apparently Secure—Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern resulting from declines or other factors.

S5 - Secure—Common, widespread, and abundant in the state.

SNR - Unranked—State conservation status not yet assessed.

SU - Unrankable—Currently unrankable because of a lack of information, or substantially conflicting information about status or trends.

SNA - Not Applicable —A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities.

15 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 CWCS Tiering of Invertebrate Species in Pennsylvania 3.3

Considering only those species that have already been listed by a statutory authority, or included on conservation lists by informed conservation organizations (of which the Natural Heritage Network is by far the most extensive), or cited in the primary literature, the total number of Pennsylvania species of special concern (CWCS-priority species) approaches 500 invertebrates. Given that no more than 15 percent of the invertebrates estimated to actually occur in Pennsylvania have ever been included on any conservation listing, and that for most invertebrate species on such lists very little is known about their habitat associations, it is clear that some method of reducing the complexities of listing must be applied to facilitate conservation actions.

Use of conservation tiers as delimited for vertebrates (Section 10.3) is one way to reduce this complexity, although the assignment of a particular species to a specific tier is complicated in many cases by insufficient data on both status and ecological associations. Nonetheless, all CWCS-priority invertebrates revealed through comparative study of conservation lists were placed into conservation tiers that parallel those tiers for vertebrates. Careful consideration of Natural Heritage rankings (both global ranks and those for Pennsylvania and neighboring states), in the context of the categories of awareness discussed in Appendix 2.1, allowed for a tentative placement of all species into tiers as defined below (refer to Section 10.3 for a more complete definition of tiers).

In practice, a species of special concern in Pennsylvania may fall into Tier 1, Tier 2, or Tier 4. Species that are demonstrably secure or otherwise without explicit conservation concern fall into Tier 3 and Tier 5 (neither is specifically categorized for invertebrates). That leaves untiered all species about which nothing is yet known (including their presence in the state), and those not appropriate for conservation ranking (exotics, invasives, strays, accidentals, occasionals, introduced taxa, and others). Ultimately, all but this last category of inappropriate taxa should be placed into a conservation tier.

Conservation Tier 1: Immediate Concern This tier contains species that are most at risk and/or are experiencing the most dramatic declines across their range. “Red species” include globally rare or imperiled species, nationally rare or imperiled species, as well as those species in Pennsylvania and/or neighboring states that are declining to the point that some may require federal listing in the future.

Species were included in this list if they fit within any of the following status categories: Natural Heritage Global rank of G1-G3 Federally Endangered/Threatened or Federally-Proposed Endangered/Threatened Pennsylvania “Responsibility” species that are critically imperiled in Pennsylvania (S1). (Responsibility species include Pennsylvania endemic species and those with core populations in Pennsylvania, or those with a significant proportion (> 10 percent) of the regional population occurring in Pennsylvania. For whatever reasons, any species for which its global survival and well being through time are dependent on what happens to it in Pennsylvania is a “responsibility species” for state conservation actions.

16 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 CWCS Tiering of Invertebrate Species in Pennsylvania 3.3

Pennsylvania Endangered – if the Pennsylvania populations represent disjunct or peripheral populations that are likely to be genetically distinct (i.e., loss of the species in Pennsylvania would jeopardize the regional or global evolutionary viability of the species in the future).

Insufficient basic biological facts about invertebrate species, especially habitat associations and ecological dependencies, is the single greatest challenge for invertebrate conservationists to meet the mandate of Congress that State Wildlife Grants should prevent endangered species listings. The large number of invertebrate species in this category make it unlikely that management attention will ever be focused on most of them, and success with keeping “red invertebrates” off federal Endangered Lists will almost always result from habitat-level efforts. Research on these taxa must place a strong emphasis on quantifying and clarifying habitat requirements, and for understanding how disturbance or the presence of other species influences conservation outcomes.

As for vertebrates, Immediate Concern invertebrates that are also Responsibility species should be the highest-priority choices for immediate conservation action in Pennsylvania. But rapid response efforts for these “red species” may be costly, and so it is critical to understand more precisely both presence/absence of such species, and their current status in order to avoid pointless triage. Data deficiencies prevent most invertebrates, even some conspicuous species that are clearly critically imperiled, from being categorized as Responsibility species or not. As a result of this uncertainty, and to further focus attention on the most urgent invertebrates, no attempt was made to broadly classify all species as Pennsylvania Responsibility species or not. The relatively few Responsibility species chosen here are indicated by a leading “R” in the following listings.

Conservation Tier 2 - High-level Concern This tier is comprised of nationally and/or regionally significant species that are vulnerable in Pennsylvania. “Orange species” include species with localized and vulnerable populations, species with limited dispersal, species with fragmented or isolated populations, and some species in need of additional research to determine status. Placement of invertebrate species into this category is greatly complicated by the fact that the vast majority of species require additional research for status determination.

Species were included in this list if they fit within any of the following status categories:

Natural Heritage Global rank of G4 / Natural Heritage State rank of S1-S2

“Responsibility” species that are vulnerable in PA (S2S3)

Pennsylvania Threatened – if the disjunct or peripheral population in Pennsylvania is likely to be genetically distinct

Species in need of additional research to determine status (SU)

The last factor could not be used extensively to diagnose Tier 2 taxa because most invertebrate species are in need of research to determine status. As a result, the number of “orange species” is proportionately lower than might be expected. Given the

17 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 CWCS Tiering of Invertebrate Species in Pennsylvania 3.3

Congressional mandate for State Wildlife Grants to keep species off the endangered lists, the focus for Tier 2 species must be research on factors maintaining viable populations, and for any species in decline, to quantify status and trigger management responses before the species drops to Tier 1. In practice, conservation actions for invertebrate species in this tier will be largely the same as for Tier 1, protecting the extent, diversity, and stability of key habitats over time to sustain vulnerable populations that might otherwise be at risk. Responsibility species in this tier must be urgent targets for conservation action, as they are species that otherwise might become endangered yet still have sufficient viability to be sustained if rapid management efforts are applied.

Conservation Tier 3 – Responsibility Species of Low Concern Responsibility species are those in which core populations occur in PA and/or a significant proportion (> 10 percent) of the regional population occurs in Pennsylvania so that the state has a high responsibility for conserving the species. Species with high levels of concern may be responsibility species and have been categorized as Tier 1 or Tier 2. For these, the concept of “Responsibility“ species is an important tool for mitigating the otherwise negative consequences of the fact that species distributions almost never conform to the political boundaries of management programs (state borders or other civil subdivisions). Without the concept, management resources may be over-allocated for immediate or high concern species with widespread distributions, at the expense of insufficient resource allocation to more localized species of the same or lower level of concern.

Responsibility species do not have to be species of heightened conservation concern and Tier 3 species fall into that category. Responsibility species with a “population core” in Pennsylvania (i.e., a significant proportion of the species’ population occurs in the Commonwealth) may be conservation secure, relatively abundant, and/or locally common.

“Responsibility” species (i.e., core populations occur in Pennsylvania) that are apparently secure instate (S4, S5). Expert opinion regarding mitigating factors, such as species distribution and abundance, severity of threatening processes, rate of decline, long-term outlook, etc.

Data deficiencies and lack of expertise prevented a careful allocation of Pennsylvania invertebrates to this tier. There are undoubtedly many species that would fall into this Tier if more data were available, and future development of Tier 3 lists should be a goal of continuing research on invertebrate conservation in Pennsylvania. In the meantime, Pennsylvania managers should remember that there are many species of common invertebrates in the state for which Pennsylvania has high responsibility for regional and global maintenance. Clearly these are species that should be monitored regularly for any change in status, and for which basic research is needed to clarify life histories, distribution, phenology, and limiting factors to better inform management sensitivity over time.

18 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 CWCS Tiering of Invertebrate Species in Pennsylvania 3.3

Conservation Tier 4 – Pennsylvania Vulnerable This tier consists primarily of species that for reasons of rarity are ranked as being of conservation concern in Pennsylvania, but are not currently at risk globally or in the region. If rarity is known to result from sharp decline in abundance or distribution in the Commonwealth but not elsewhere, then the species in question are certainly of conservation concern, but at a lower priority than those that also are at known risk globally (Tier 1 and to some extent, Tier 2 species).

Natural Heritage Global rank of G5 AND State rank of S1 or S2 (if the Pennsylvania population is not believed to be genetically distinct)

Natural Heritage Global rank of G4 AND State rank of S3 (if the Pennsylvania population is not believed to be genetically distinct)

Pennsylvania Endangered - if the loss of the species in Pennsylvania has limited global, national, or regional impact, i.e. the disjunct or peripheral population in Pennsylvania is unlikely to be genetically distinct

PA Threatened – if the disjunct or peripheral population in Pennsylvania is unlikely to be genetically distinct

Peripheral species – species that are rare in Pennsylvania but are secure in their core range

Assignment of invertebrate species to this tier is especially difficult, because precise information on rarity is often not available. Misinterpreting rarity is a major problem for conservation management. Rarity by itself does not provide evidence that a species is of special concern for conservation. Rarity may be due to transient or vagrant occurrence or to the inadequacy of sampling methods or their application. Rarity may involve species not rare in adjacent places, time periods, or habitats (diffusive rarity), or may result from genuinely low population levels that are natural in both space and time (suffusive rarity). To determine the management implications of a given species rarity, we need information on its rarity elsewhere in space and time, its collectability using other methods, and its global abundance. Managers seek to minimize the cost of protecting taxa based solely on their rarity without a broader understanding of the nature of that rarity and its stability through time. Rarity that results from a species being peripheral , extralimital or disjunct from the main species range is not by itself a reason to prioritize protection, and further information is needed on the genetic distinctness of the rarity and the potential importance of its success in Pennsylvania on the global survival of the species.

Information on geographical patterns of genetic variation is especially important for managing rare taxa. Determining the degree of genetic uniqueness for peripheral rare taxa on a species-by-species basis is an important first step toward understanding the nature and causes of rarity, and therefore for appropriate prioritization of protection in Pennsylvania. Accomplishing such studies requires collaborations between taxonomic experts, local naturalists, conservation geneticists, and habitat/resource managers.

19 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Recognizing Pennsylvania Invertebrates in Need of Conservation Action 3 CWCS Tiering of Invertebrate Species in Pennsylvania 3.3

Conservation Tier 5 – Maintenance Concern Species in this tier are those considered secure in Pennsylvania with the exception of secure species that also are Responsibility Species. The majority of invertebrate species either falls into this category, or are temporarily uncertain in placement because of data deficiencies. Placement of any given species into Tier 5 does not mean that its management may be ignored, and ultimately all species in this Tier should be subject to monitoring over time to avoid their rising into tiers of greater conservation concern. This is especially true for any Tier 5 species that have undergone recent declines that should be addressed.

Emphasis should be placed on studying lineages that are known elsewhere to be informative indicators of high quality habitats (e.g., many aquatic organisms in streams or ground beetles for terrestrial systems) or indicators for presence/absence of other species that are obligatory associates (e.g., host-specific herbivore species, predators, ). Prioritizing research on such indicator lineages so that they are better understood and may be moved into Tier 5 is an important step for refining and maintaining cost-effective tools for monitoring ecosystem health. The same logic applies to invertebrate lineages broadly construed as being ecologically beneficial (pollinators, decomposers, and biological control agents…predators and parasitoids of pests, invasives, weeds, and other undesirable or ecologically disruptive taxa). For reasons of data deficiency, placement into Tier 5 was not attempted, although a list of species extracted from conservation lists and not found to be species of special concern is included (Appendix 7 below). Many of these taxa will be Tier 5, a few will become species of special concern (Tiers 1, 2, and 4) and perhaps a few also may be Responsibility Species (Tier 3).

As for vertebrates, management of Tier 5 species must ensure viability of core populations, foster key habitats, and maintain regular monitoring efforts as needed. With research on additional taxa prioritized as discussed above, additional Tier 5 species will be added from groups of functional or indicator value. It is expected that most of these species can be protected through prudent attention to habitat management.

20 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4

The appendices that follow (Appendix 4.1 – 4.4) are compilations of names, current conservation status, and other basic information for all species from the information sources listed in Appendix 3.1 above, with rankings interpreted in Appendix 3.2, and placed into conservation tiers in accordance with Appendix 3.3. Unless otherwise mentioned, all species are native.

For information on invertebrates intentionally introduced into Pennsylvania for purposes of biological control: See ROBO. 2005. Releases of Beneficial Organisms in the United States and Territories (ROBO). On-line database of National Invertebrate Genetic Resources, USDA-ARS. Website: http://www.ars-grin.gov/nigrp/robo.html

For information on 2,273 species of non-indigenous insects and in North America: See Kim, K.C. 1991. North American Non-Indigenous Arhtropod Database (NANIAD). United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology. Website: http://www.invasivespecies.org/NANIAD.html

21 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Invertebrates Thought to be Extirpated in Pennsylvania 4.1

This listing is offered solely because of the tentative state of our knowledge of many invertebrate species. Most or all of these species are almost certainly genuinely extirpated from Pennsylvania, but the list is relatively short and worth keeping in mind in an era where ivory-billed woodpeckers are being rediscovered. In contrast to vertebrates, it is significant to note that not a single species of invertebrate thought to be extirpated in Pennsylvania is also thought to be globally extinct.

This list is presented in alphabetical order by higher taxa and scientific name. It contains 32 species or 7.2 percent of all species of special concern including extirpated ones. Listings for named subspecies are included for completeness but are redundant with the binomial listing for the same species.

22 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Invertebrates Thought to be Extirpated in Pennsylvania 4.1

Species Extirpated in Pennsylvania Plebejus melissa samuelis - Karner blue Heritage Network Ranking: SXT2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae TIER: Extirpated Nicrophorus marginatus - A burying beetle Notes: Native; absent. Heritage Network Ranking: SXGNR Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE TIER: Extirpated (Listed E in NY, OH); Canadian COSEWIC Rank: XT; PA Species Notes: Native; absent. of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Extirpated; Xerces Society Habitat: Forest. Red List: Critically Imperiled. Habitat: Grasslands, clearings with sandy soil. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae Lordithon niger - Black lordithon rove beetle Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Heritage Network Ranking: SXGU albarufa - Barrens dagger moth TIER: Extirpated Heritage Network Ranking: SXG3 Notes: Native; absent. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Forest. Notes: Native; absent. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae 1985): Extirpated. Epeoloides pilosula - A cleptoparasitic bee Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: Not listed, probably SXG1. TIER: Extirpated Catocala marmorata - Marbled underwing Notes: Native; absent. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG3 Other Listing Sources: Xerces Society Red List: Critically TIER: Extirpated Imperiled. Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Wetlands, forest edges. Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae Catocala pretiosa pretiosa - Precious underwing Coleophora leucochrysella - Casebearer Heritage Network Ranking: SXT2 Heritage Network Ranking: SXGNR TIER: Extirpated TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Forest. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Extirpated. Pyreferra ceromatica - Anointed sallow moth Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: SXGU TIER: Extirpated Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Notes: Native; absent. Atrytone arogos - Arogos skipper Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG3 TIER: Extirpated Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Notes: Native; absent. Phyciodes batesii batesii - Tawny crescent Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SXT1 1985): Extirpated; Xerces Society Red List: Vulnerable. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, wetlands. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Grasslands, forest edges, open areas, fields. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Plebejus melissa - Melissa blue Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae Heritage Network Ranking: SXG5 Swammerdamia castaneae – a micromoth TIER: Extirpated Heritage Network Ranking: SXGH Notes: Native; absent. TIER: Extirpated Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: PS Notes: Native; absent. (Listed E in NY, OH); PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Extirpated; Xerces Society Red List: Critically Imperiled. 1985): Extirpated. Habitat: Grasslands, clearings with sandy soil. Habitat: Forest.

23 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Invertebrates Thought to be Extirpated in Pennsylvania 4.1

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Notes: Native; absent. Gomphus lineatifrons - Splendid clubtail Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE Heritage Network Ranking: SXG4 (Listed E in OH, WV). TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Notes: Native; absent. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Elliptio crassidens - Elephantear 1985): Extirpated. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Gomphus ventricosus - Skillet clubtail Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG3 TIER: Extirpated Hemistena lata - Cracking pearlymussel Notes: Native; absent. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG1 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, TIER: Extirpated 1985): Extirpated. Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE, XN; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not Stylurus amnicola - Riverine clubtail covered]. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Lampsilis abrupta - Pink mucket Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SXG2 1985): Extirpated. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Notes: Native; absent. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE Stylurus notatus - Elusive clubtail (Listed E in OH, WV); PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SXG3 1985): [Lineage not covered]. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Notes: Native; absent. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Leptodea ochracea - Tidewater mucket 1985): Extirpated. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Stylurus plagiatus - Russet-tipped clubtail Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG5 TIER: Extirpated Obovaria olivaria - Hickorynut Notes: Native; absent. Heritage Network Ranking: SXG4 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, TIER: Extirpated 1985): Extirpated. Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Obovaria retusa - Ring pink Classification: : : Unionoida: Heritage Network Ranking: SXG1 Cyclonaias tuberculata - Purple wartyback TIER: Extirpated Heritage Network Ranking: SXG5 Notes: Native; absent. TIER: Extirpated Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE; Notes: Native; absent. PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not Habitat: Streams and rivers. covered]. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cyprogenia stegaria - Fanshell Heritage Network Ranking: SXG1 Plethobasus cooperianus - Orangefoot pimpleback TIER: Extirpated Heritage Network Ranking: SXG1 24 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Invertebrates Thought to be Extirpated in Pennsylvania 4.1

TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not covered]. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Pleurobema cordatum - Ohio pigtoe Heritage Network Ranking: SXG3 TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Pleurobema plenum - Rough pigtoe Heritage Network Ranking: SXG1 TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not covered]. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Pleurobema rubrum - Pyramid pigtoe Heritage Network Ranking: SXG2 TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Quadrula metanevra - Monkeyface Heritage Network Ranking: SXG4 TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Quadrula pustulosa - Pimpleback Heritage Network Ranking: SXG5 TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Truncilla truncata - Deertoe Heritage Network Ranking: SXG5 TIER: Extirpated Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands.

25 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

This list is presented in alphabetical order by higher taxa and scientific name. It contains 109 species or 24.4 percent of all species of special concern, including extirpated ones. Listings for named subspecies are included for completeness, but are redundant with the binomial listing for the same species.

26 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

Tier 1 – Immediate Concern Cicindela ancocisconensis - Appalachian tiger beetle Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Crangonyctidae Habitat: Streams and rivers, riparian sand. Crangonyx dearolfi - Pennsylvania cave amphipod Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Cicindela lepida - Ghost tiger beetle Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG3 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Stygobromus biggersi - Biggers' cave amphipod Habitat: Grasslands, forest, upland sand, dunes, and beaches. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Cicindela marginipennis - Cobblestone tiger beetle Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G2 Habitat: Streams and rivers, cobble and gravel. Stygobromus franzi - Franz's cave amphipod Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Cicindela patruela - Northern barrens tiger beetle Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G3 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Barrens, thickets, upland sand. Stygobromus gracilipes - Shenandoah valley cave amphipod Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Nicrophorus americanus - American burying beetle Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG2 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Stygobromus pizzinii - Pizzini's cave amphipod Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 (Listed E in OH); PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Extirpated. Habitat: Forest, grasslands. Stygobromus stellmacki - Stellmack's cave amphipod Heritage Network Ranking: S1G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES browni - A Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae Caecidotea franzi - Franz's cave isopod Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Centroptilum semirufum - A mayfly Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caecidotea kenki - An isopod Ephemerellidae Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Eurylophella bicoloroides - A mayfly A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Eurylophella poconoensis - A mayfly Cicindela abdominalis - Eastern pinebarrens tiger beetle Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG1 Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Forest, coniferous, thickets, upland sand. Comments: Doubtful occurrence in PA.

27 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Heritage Network Ranking: SNAT3 Heptageniidae Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heptagenia culacantha - A mayfly 1985): Extirpated. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG2 Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Pyrgus wyandot - Appalachian grizzled skipper Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae Heritage Network Ranking: S1G1 Isonychia hoffmani - A mayfly A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG2 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest edges. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae issues. Holomelina nigricans - An arctiid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SNRGH Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Callophrys irus - Frosted elfin Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Conservation Genetics: Species status issues; identification Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: XT; issues. Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Species of Special Comments: Zaspel and Weller (2006) suggest synonymy of Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable; Xerces Society Red List: Virbia with Holomelina, but do not refute status of this species. Imperiled. Habitat: Barrens, thickets, grasslands, sandy soils. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Heliomata infulata – a geometrid moth Erora laeta - Early hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G3 Habitat: Forest, thickets. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; Xerces Society Red List: Vulnerable. Itame sp. 1 nr. inextricata - Barrens itame Habitat: Forest, clearings. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Catocala dulciola - Quiet or sweet underwing Metarranthis apiciaria - Barrens metarranthis moth Heritage Network Ranking: SHG3 Heritage Network Ranking: SHGU Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest. Cerma cora - Bird dropping moth Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Erynnis martialis - Mottled duskywing Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG3 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Chaetaglaea cerata - A noctuid moth Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest edges. Habitat: Forest, thickets. Erynnis persius persius - Persius dusky wing Lithophane franclemonti - Franclemont's lithophane Heritage Network Ranking: S1T2 Heritage Network Ranking: SHG3 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Xerces Society Red List: Imperiled. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, thickets. Merolonche dolli - A noctuid moth Hesperia attalus - Dotted skipper Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG3 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Forest. Hesperia attalus slossonae - Seminole skipper Papaipema aerata - A borer moth

28 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

Heritage Network Ranking: SHGH Datana ranaeceps - A hand-maid moth Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. Habitat: Forest.

Papaipema araliae - Aralia shoot borer moth Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Speyeria diana - Diana fritillary Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Other Listing Sources: Xerces Society Red List: Vulnerable. Papaipema astuta - Yellow stoneroot borer Habitat: Forest, clearings. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Comments: Should be ranked SH or SX in PA. Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. Speyeria idalia - Regal fritillary Papaipema duplicata - Dark stoneroot borer moth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Threatened; Xerces Papaipema maritima - Maritime sunflower borer moth Society Red List: Vulnerable. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas. Habitat: Forest, open areas. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Papaipema sp. 1 - Flypoison borer moth Pieris virginiensis - West Virginia white Heritage Network Ranking: S2G2 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G3 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Thickets, forest. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Riodinidae Papaipema sp. 2 nr. pterisii - Ostrich fern borer moth Calephelis borealis - Northern metalmark Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable; Xerces Properigea sp. 1 - A noctuid moth Society Red List: Vulnerable. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G2 Habitat: Forest, thickets, dry edges, clearings. Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae issues. Hemileuca nevadensis - Nevada buck moth Comments: Not a distinct species, but relationships between Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG5 highly disjunct populations in eastern US need study. Habitat: Wetlands.

Psectraglaea carnosa - Pink sallow Hemileuca nevadensis ssp. 3 - Great lakes buckmoth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Heritage Network Ranking: S1T3 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Comments: PA occurrence requires confirmation in Erie Zale curema - A noctuid moth County. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Forest. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hemaris gracilis - Graceful clearwing Zale sp. 1 nr. lunifera - Pine barrens zale Heritage Network Ranking: SHG3 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, clearings.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata:

29 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

Enallagma laterale - New England bluet Alloperla aracoma - A stonefly Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Streams and rivers. 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Alloperla vostoki - A stonefly Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Gomphus abbreviatus - Spine-crowned clubtail Heritage Network Ranking: S2G3 Utaperla gaspesiana - A stonefly Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Leuctridae Gomphus quadricolor - Rapids clubtail Megaleuctra flinti - A stonefly Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG2 Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Habitat: Streams and rivers. Species Listing: Pre-2004. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Nemouridae Ostrocerca prolongata - A stonefly Gomphus septima - Septima's clubtail Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Soyedina merritti - A stonefly Gomphus viridifrons - Green-faced clubtail Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG2 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive ` Species Listing: Pre-2004; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae 1985): Extirpated. Acroneuria arida - A stonefly Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Ophiogomphus anomalus - Extra-striped snaketail Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Hansonoperla appalachia - Hanson's Appalachian stonefly Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Ophiogomphus howei - Pygmy snaketail Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Perlesta nitida - A stonefly Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Perlesta teaysia - A stonefly Ophiogomphus incurvatus incurvatus- Appalachian snaketail Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Heritage Network Ranking: S1T3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlodidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Capniidae Isogenoides olivaceus - A perlodid stonefly Allocapnia simmonsi - Simmons' slender winter stonefly Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae Pteronarcys comstocki - Spiny salmonfly Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3

30 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

Habitat: Streams and rivers. PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not covered]. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cheumatopsyche helma - Helma's net-spinning caddisfly Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Epioblasma torulosa rangiana - Northern riffleshell Heritage Network Ranking: S2T2 Cheumatopsyche vannotei - Vannote's cheumatopsyche A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES caddisfly Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE Heritage Network Ranking: SHGH (Listed E in OH, WV); Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E; Allegheny Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004; PA Species Habitat: Streams and rivers. of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not covered]. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Leucotrichia pictipes - A micro caddisfly Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Epioblasma triquetra - Snuffbox Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Leptoceridae Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: 2004 listing. Ceraclea alabamae - A caddisfly Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Fusconaia subrotunda - Longsolid Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Ceraclea albosticta - A caddisfly Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Heritage Network Ranking: SHGH Species Listing: Pre-2004. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Lampsilis cariosa - Yellow lampmussel Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae Heritage Network Ranking: S3G3 Rhyacophila otica - A caddisfly A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: SC; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae heterodon - Dwarf wedgemussel Lasmigona subviridis - Green floater Heritage Network Ranking: S1G1 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G3 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE Habitat: Streams and rivers. (Listed E in MD, NJ, and NY); Canadian COSEWIC Rank: XT; Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Species of Special Plethobasus cyphyus - Sheepnose Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not covered]. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: C; Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: 2004 listing. Alasmidonta varicosa - Brook floater Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G3 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Epioblasma torulosa - Tubercled blossom Pleurobema clava - Clubshell Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG2 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G2 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: PS; A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES

31 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE, Habitat: Aquatic. XN (Listed E in OH and WV); Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004; PA Species of Special Somatogyrus pennsylvanicus - Shale pebblesnail Concern (Opler, 1985): [Lineage not covered]. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Aquatic.

Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica - Rabbitsfoot Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Pleuroceridae Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: PS; Lithasia obovata - Shawnee rocksnail Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: 2004 listing. Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Simpsonaias ambigua - Salamander mussel Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Discidae Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E. Anguispira cumberlandiana - Cumberland tigersnail Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG2 Habitat: Forest. Villosa fabalis - Rayed bean Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G1 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: C; Polygyridae Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E; Allegheny National Forest Triodopsis picea - Spruce knob threetooth Sensitive Species Listing: 2004 listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G3 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Forest, rocky areas.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Carychiidae Pupillidae Carychium nannodes - File thorn Vertigo bollesiana - Delicate vertigo Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G3 Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Habitat: Forest, wetlands.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterostropha: Valvatidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Valvata perdepressa - Purplecap valvata Succineidae Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG3 Oxyloma subeffusum - Chesapeake ambersnail Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG3 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Succinea pennsylvanica - Penn ambersnail Hydrobiidae Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG1 Amnicola decisus - A freshwater snail Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG1 Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. Habitat: Streams and rivers, lakes. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Fontigens orolibas - Blue ridge springsnail Zonitidae Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG3 Glyphyalinia raderi - Maryland glyph Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G2 Habitat: Wetlands. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Forest.

Lyogyrus walkeri - Canadian duskysnail Paravitrea lacteodens - Ramp cove supercoil Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG3 Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG1 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed.

32 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Immediate Concern 4.2

Habitat: Forest. Comments: Questionable occurrence in PA.

Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Kenkiidae Sphalloplana pricei - Refton cave planarian Heritage Network Ranking: S1G2 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Threatened. Habitat: Streams, subterranean.

Classification: Porifera: Demospongiae: Haplosclerina: Spongillidae Heteromeyenia longistylus - Pennsylvania sponge Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG2 Notes: Native; absent. Habitat: Aquatic.

33 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of High Level Concern 4.3

This list is presented in alphabetical order by higher taxa and scientific name. It contains 105 species or 23.5 percent of all species of special concern, including extirpated ones. This is slightly fewer than the list of immediate concern, Tier 1. Listings for named subspecies are included for completeness, but are redundant with the binomial listing for the same species.

34 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of High Level Concern 4.3

TIER 2 - Pennsylvania Species of High Idaea eremiata – A geometrid moth Concern for Conservation Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae Idaea violacearia - A geometrid moth Stygobromus tenuis potomacus - Potomac groundwater Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 amphipod Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S1T4 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Lycia rachelae - Twilight moth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Habitat: Forest. Cambarus carolinus - A burrowing crayfish Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Macaria promiscuata - Promiscuous angle Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Conservation Genetics: Identification issues, see Habitat: Forest. Cambarus dubius. Comments: Probable misidentification in PA of color forms of Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae C. dubius. Atrytonopsis hianna - Dusted skipper Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Habitat: Grasslands, open areas. Cicindela unipunctata - One-spotted tiger beetle Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Autochton cellus - Gold-banded skipper Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Habitat: Forest, deciduous. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Habitat: Forest, clearings, meadows. Grammia phyllira - Phyllira tiger moth Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Erynnis lucilius - Columbine duskywing Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Habitat: Forest, clearings, thickets.

Holomelina laeta - Joyful holomelina moth Euphyes bimacula - Two-spotted skipper Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Apodrepanulatrix liberaria - A Euphyes conspicua - Black dash Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Habitat: Forest. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Caripeta aretaria - A moth Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest, thickets. Euphyes dion - Dion skipper Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Erastria coloraria - Broad-lined catopyrrha Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Wetlands.

Glena cognataria - Blueberry gray Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Wetlands, forest.

35 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of High Level Concern 4.3

Hesperia leonardus - Leonard's skipper Satyrium edwardsii - Edwards' hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: PS. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge. Habitat: Grasslands, prairie, fields.

Hesperia metea - Cobweb skipper Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Mimallonidae Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Cicinnus melsheimeri - Melsheimer's sack bearer Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest. Poanes massasoit - Mulberry wing Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Habitat: Wetlands. burgessi - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Poanes viator viator - Broad-winged skipper Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S1T4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Apharetra dentata - A noctuid moth Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Tolype notialis – A lasiocampid moth. Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest, coniferous. condita - A noctuid moth Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 issues. Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Brachionycha borealis – Boreal sprawler moth Celastrina neglectamajor - Appalachian azure Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Forest, ravines. Habitat: Forest.

Celastrina nigra - Dusky azure Chytonix sensilis - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Forest, coniferous. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status Habitat: Forest, ravines. issues. Comments: Possible synonymy of C. sensilis and C. ruperti Celastrina sp. 2 - Cherry gall azure needs study. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Habitat: Forest. Derrima stellata – A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Glaucopsyche lygdamus lygdamus - Silvery blue Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S1T4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Euxoa violaris - Violet dart Lycaena epixanthe - Bog copper Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Wetlands. Fagitana littera - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Wetlands.

36 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of High Level Concern 4.3

Hemipachnobia monochromatea - Sundew cutworm moth Sutyna privata teltowa - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1T4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Comments: Presence/absence data in PA needed. Lemmeria digitalis - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Xylotype capax - Barrens xylotype A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Lithophane thaxteri - Thaxter's pinion moth Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Zale squamularis - A noctuid moth Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Forest. Oligia hausta - Northern brocade moth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Zale submediana - A noctuid moth Habitat: Wetlands, forest, open areas. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Forest. Phoberia orthosioides - A moth Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Zanclognatha martha - Pine barrens zanclognatha Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Comments: A valid species; confirmation of PA occurrence Habitat: Forest. needed. Comments: Consider listing as S2S3 in PA.

Platyperigea meralis - A noctuid moth Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Chlosyne harrisii - Harris's checkerspot Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Renia sp. 1 nr. discoloralis - A noctuid moth 1985): Vulnerable. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Wetlands, fields. Habitat: Forest. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Euphydryas phaeton - Baltimore checkerspot Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Rhodoecia aurantiago - Aureolaria seed borer Habitat: Wetlands, open areas. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Satyrodes eurydice - Eyed brown Habitat: Forest meadows, grasslands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Richia acclivis - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Satyrodes eurydice eurydice - Eyed brown Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Heritage Network Ranking: T4 Habitat: Wetlands. Richia grotei - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Anthocharis midea - Falcate orangetip Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Sideridis maryx - A moth Habitat: Forest, clearings. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Forest.

37 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of High Level Concern 4.3

Euchloe olympia - Olympia marble Gomphaeschna antilope - Taper-tailed darner Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Status undetermined. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Forest, thickets, dry ridge tops. 1985): Status undetermined. Habitat: Wetlands. Pontia protodice - Checkered white Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Calopteryx - Superb jewelwing Habitat: Grasslands, disturbed areas, fields. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Citheronia sepulcralis - Pine devil Calopteryx angustipennis - Appalachian jewelwing Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Streams and rivers. 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Forest. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae bipunctulata - Seepage dancer Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sesiidae Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Synanthedon castaneae - Chestnut clearwing moth Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 1985): Status undetermined. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Extirpated. Enallagma daeckii - Attenuated bluet Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sphingidae Sphinx franckii - Franck's sphinx Ischnura prognata - Furtive forktail Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Sphinx gordius - Gordian sphinx Somatochlora incurvata - Incurvate emerald Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Habitat: Wetlands. clepsydra - Mottled darner Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Gomphus adelphus - Mustached clubtail 1985): Vulnerable. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004. Aeshna mutata - Spatterdock darner Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Gomphus descriptus - Harpoon clubtail Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004. Aeshna tuberculifera - Black-tipped darner Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Wetlands.

38 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of High Level Concern 4.3

Gomphus rogersi - Sable clubtail Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Petaluridae Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Tachopteryx thoreyi - Gray petaltail Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Margaritiferidae Lanthus parvulus - Northern pygmy clubtail Margaritifera margaritifera - Eastern pearlshell Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Habitat: Streams and rivers. Ophiogomphus mainensis - Maine snaketail Conservation Genetics: Genetic issues for southern disjuncts Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 in PA. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Alasmidonta undulata - Triangle floater Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Stylurus scudderi - Zebra clubtail Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Ellipsaria lineolata - Butterfly 1985): Vulnerable. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Lestidae Elliptio fisheriana - Northern lance Lestes eurinus - Amber-winged spreadwing Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Libellulidae Elliptio producta - Atlantic spike Celithemis martha - Martha's pennant Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Wetlands. Ligumia nasuta - Eastern pondmussel Ladona exusta - White corporal Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Obovaria subrotunda - Round hickorynut Nannothemis bella - Elfin skimmer Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Heritage Network Ranking: SHG4 Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Pleurobema sintoxia - Round pigtoe Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Macromiidae Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: 2004 listing. Macromia alleghaniensis - Allegheny river cruiser Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Tritogonia verrucosa - Pistolgrip 1985): Extirpated. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

39 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of High Level Concern 4.3

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Cionellidae Cochlicopa nitens - Robust pillar Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest. Comments: Doubtful occurrence in PA.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Discidae Anguispira fergusoni - Coastal-plain tigersnail Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Philomycidae Pallifera secreta - Severed mantleslug Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Polygyridae Mesodon mitchellianus - Sealed globelet Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Wetlands, open areas.

Stenotrema edvardsi - Ridge-and-valley slitmouth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest, rocky areas.

Triodopsis fraudulenta - Baffled three-tooth Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Strobilopsidae Strobilops affinis - Eightfold pinecone Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Zonitidae Paravitrea capsella - Dimple supercoil Heritage Network Ranking: S1G4 Habitat: Forest. Comments: Questionable occurrence in PA.

Ventridens virginicus - Split-tooth dome Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Habitat: Forest, rocky areas.

40 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

This list is presented in alphabetical order by higher taxa and scientific name. It contains 201 species or 45 percent of all species of special concern, including extirpated ones. Rarity is largely the reason for inclusion in this category, and for some species this may not adequately justify a vulnerable status. This is the largest category of species of special concern for conservation, and is the tier that will be increased most by status evaluation for species previously not included on these lists. Listings for named subspecies are included for completeness but are redundant with the binomial listing for the same species.

41 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

TIER 4 - Habitat: Barrens, dry sandy places. Pennsylvania Vulnerable Species Cicindela hirticollis - Hairy-necked tiger beetle

Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Habitat: Sandy beaches. Crangonyctidae

Stygobromus allegheniensis - Allegheny cave amphipod Cicindela limbalis - Common claybank tiger beetle Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Habitat: Forest, open areas. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing.

Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Cicindela rufiventris - Eastern red-bellied tiger beetle

Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Habitat: Rocky hillsides. Cambarus monongalensis - A crayfish

Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Cicindela scutellaris - Festive tiger beetle A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand.

Cambarus sp. near acuminatus - A crayfish Cicindela scutellaris rugifrons - Festive tiger beetle Heritage Network Ranking: Not listed. Heritage Network Ranking: SHT5 Notes: Very recently discovered, either a named species Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. occurring elsewhere, or a native undescribed species. Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Cicindela splendida - Splendid tiger beetle

Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Orconectes propinquus - Northern clearwater crayfish Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest, open areas. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Comments: Probable misidentification in PA of unmarked

specimens of C. limbalis. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae

Caecidotea pricei - Price's cave isopod Cicindela tranquebarica - Oblique-lined tiger beetle Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 A RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Habitat: Streams, subterranean.

Tetracha virginica - Virginia big-headed tiger beetle Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Dryobius sexnotatus - Six-banded longhorn beetle Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: SHGNR Habitat: Disturbed open areas, ditches. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed.

Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Diptera: Tipulidae Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Threatened. Tipula williamsiana - A crane Habitat: Forest, ravines, maple/, riparian forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G3

Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae

Cicindela formosa - Big sand tiger beetle Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Cisthene packardii - Packard's lichen moth Habitat: Barrens, dry sandy places. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5

Habitat: Barrens, thickets. Cicindela formosa generosa - Big sand tiger beetle

Heritage Network Ranking: S1T5 Cisthene plumbea - Lead colored lichen moth 42 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Amblyscirtes vialis - Common roadside-skipper Habitat: Barrens, thickets. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest, clearings, meadows. Crambidia pura - Pure lichen moth Carterocephalus palaemon - Arctic skipper Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, forest edge.

Crambidia sp. near cephalica - Lichen moth Carterocephalus palaemon mandan - Arctic skipper Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2T5 Habitat: Barrens, thickets. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, forest edge. Comments: Crambidia cephalica is a closely related species from central Texas to Arizona. Hesperia sassacus - Indian skipper Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge. Cyclophora nanaria - A geometrid moth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Nastra lherminier - Swarthy skipper Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge. Epirrita autumnata - The November moth Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG5 Polites mystic - Long dash Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Epirrita autumnata henshawi - The November moth Heritage Network Ranking: SUT5 Thorybes bathyllus - Southern cloudywing Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest, thickets. Hypagyrtis esther - Esther moth Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae Habitat: Forest, coniferous. Artace cribraria - A lasiocampid moth Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Metarranthis sp. near duaria - Early metarranthis moth Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Habitat: Forest, clearings, meadows. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. Callophrys augustinus - Brown elfin Comments: Overlooked undescribed species flying in PA Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 before 10 May, usually in April. Habitat: Forest.

Nemoria tuscarora Callophrys gryneus - Juniper hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: S2G4 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Forest, coniferous with red cedar, clearings.

Stamnodes gibbicostata - Shiny gray carpet moth Callophrys henrici – Henrici’s elfin Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, clearings, forest edges.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hepialidae Callophrys niphon - Eastern pine elfin Sthenopis auratus - A moth Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Heritage Network Ranking: G3 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Wetlands. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Callophrys polios - Hoary elfin Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed.

43 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 1985): Status undetermined. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest. Cupido (Everes) comyntas - Eastern tailed-blue Bagisara rectifascia - Straight lined mallow moth Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Habitat: Clearings, fields, grasslands, forest edges, wetlands. Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas.

Feniseca tarquinius - Harvester Capis curvata - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G4 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Comments: Not listed for PA by Heritage Network. Glaucopsyche lygdamus - Silvery blue Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Catocala miranda - Miranda underwing Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: PS; Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Catocala sp. 1 nr. jair - Pine woods underwing Parrhasius m-album - White-m hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, clearings. Catocala umbrosa - An underwing moth Satyrium acadica - Acadian hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Wetlands. Chaetaglaea tremula - Barrens chaetaglaea Satyrium favonius - hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, open areas. 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Forest, barrens. Satyrium favonius ontario - Northern oak hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: SUT4 Diarsia rubifera - Rubifera dart Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, open areas. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG5 Habitat: Forest. Satyrium titus - Coral hairstreak Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Elaphria cornutinis - A noctuid moth Habitat: Open areas, grasslands, fields, disturbed areas. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG5 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. Lagoa crispata - Black-waved flannel moth Comments: Needs presence/absence confirmation. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Forest. Elaphria georgei - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Habitat: Forest, upland sand, thickets. Acronicta lanceolaria - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Epiglaea apiata - Pointed sallow Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Apamea cristata - A noctuid moth Comments: Consider downlisting to S4 in PA. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Habitat: Forest. Faronta rubripennis - The pink streak Heritage Network Ranking: G3 Bagisara gulnare - A noctuid moth Habitat: Wetlands.

44 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Hydraecia immanis - A noctuid moth Sutyna privata Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status Hydraecia stramentosa - A moth issues. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Comments: S. privata probably distinct species from Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, open areas. S. teltowa and S. profunda. Comments: Consider listing as S2 in PA. Sutyna privata privata Lithomoia solidaginis germana – A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: S3T5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3T5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. issues. Comments: L. germana is probably a distinct species from Comments: S. privata probably distinct species from S. European L. solidaginis. teltowa and S. profunda.

Macrochilo hypocritalis - A noctuid moth Syngrapha epigaea - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Metaxaglaea semitaria - Footpath sallow moth Xestia elimata - Southern variable dart moth Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status of Panthea sp. 1 - A moth this entity needs molecular confirmation. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Comments: Species is difficult to separate from large, syntopic Habitat: Forest, coniferous. forms of X. youngii. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Comments: The Panthea furcilla complex in eastern North Zale obliqua - A noctuid moth America requires revision. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Forest. Papaipema leucostigma - Columbine borer moth Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues in this lineage Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 of Zale. Habitat: Forest, clearings. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae Papaipema marginidens - A borer moth Schizura apicalis - Plain schizura Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Heritage Network Ranking: G3 Habitat: Forest, clearings, wetlands. Habitat: Forest. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Parahypenodes quadralis - A noctuid moth Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Habitat: Forest. Asterocampa clyton - Tawny emperor Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Parapamea buffaloensis Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: G4 Habitat: Wetlands. Boloria selene - Silver-bordered fritillary Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Wetlands, fields.

45 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Boloria selene myrina - Myrina fritillary 1985): Status undetermined. Heritage Network Ranking: S2T5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands, fields. Chlosyne nycteis - Silvery checkerspot Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Anisota stigma - Spiny oakworm moth Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Habitat: Forest.

Enodia anthedon - Northern pearly-eye Hemileuca maia - The buckmoth Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Threatened. Phyciodes cocyta - Northern crescent Habitat: Thickets, forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Mecoptera: Meropeidae 1985): Vulnerable. Merope tuber - Earwig scorpionfly Habitat: Open areas, wetlands, fields, forest edges. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG4 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Polygonia faunus - Green comma Comments: Consider ranking as S3 in PA. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Aeshnidae Habitat: Forest. Aeshna constricta - Lance-tipped darner Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Speyeria aphrodite - Aphrodite fritillary Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Aeshna verticalis - Green-striped darner Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Speyeria atlantis - Atlantis fritillary Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG5 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Anax longipes - Comet darner Habitat: Forest, wetlands, clearings. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae 1985): Vulnerable. Battus philenor - Pipevine swallowtail Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG5 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Boyeria grafiana - Ocellated darner Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Eurytides marcellus - Zebra swallowtail Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Species Listing: 2004 listing. Habitat: Forest, clearings. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Papilio cresphontes - Giant swallowtail Gomphaeschna furcillata - Harlequin darner Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; PA Habitat: Wetlands. Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Forest, wetlands, clearings. Nasiaeschna pentacantha - Cyrano darner Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Colias interior - Pink-edged sulphur 1985): Status undetermined. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Habitat: Wetlands. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler,

46 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Habitat: Wetlands.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Calopterygidae Enallagma cyathigerum - Northern bluet Calopteryx aequabilis - River jewelwing Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, 1985): Vulnerable. Enallagma divagans - Turquoise bluet Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Calopteryx dimidiata - Sparkling jewelwing Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Enallagma doubledayi - Atlantic bluet Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Wetlands.

Hetaerina titia - Smoky rubyspot Enallagma durum - Big bluet Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Wetlands. 1985): Status undetermined. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Ischnura kellicotti - Lilypad forktail Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae Habitat: Wetlands. Argia sedula - Blue-ringed dancer Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Ischnura ramburii - Rambur's forktail Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Argia tibialis - Blue-tipped dancer Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Nehalennia integricollis - Southern sprite Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Wetlands. 1985): Status undetermined. Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Cordulegastridae Cordulegaster bilineata - Brown spiketail Coenagrion resolutum - Taiga bluet Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: 2004 listing; PA Species of Special Concern Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Corduliidae (Opler, 1985): Status undetermined. Cordulia shurtleffii - American emerald Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Enallagma aspersum - Azure bluet Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Dorocordulia lepida - Petite emerald Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern Enallagma basidens - Double-striped bluet (Opler, 1985): Status undetermined. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Epitheca costalis - Stripe-winged baskettail Enallagma boreale - Boreal bluet Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Wetlands. 1985): Status undetermined.

47 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Habitat: Wetlands.

Epitheca spinigera - Spiny baskettail Gomphus fraternus - Midland clubtail Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Helocordulia uhleri - Uhler's sundragon 1985): Status undetermined. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: Pre-2004. Gomphus vastus - Cobra clubtail Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Somatochlora elongata - Ski-tailed emerald Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Ophiogomphus carolus - Riffle snaketail Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Species Listing: Pre-2004; PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Streams and rivers. 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Wetlands. Progomphus obscurus - Common sanddragon Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Somatochlora filosa - Fine-lined emerald Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 1985): Status undetermined. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Lestidae Somatochlora forcipata - Forcipate emerald Lestes dryas - Emerald spreadwing Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Habitat: Streams and rivers. 1985): Vulnerable. Habitat: Wetlands. Lestes forcipatus - Sweetflag spreadwing Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Somatochlora linearis - Mocha emerald Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Libellulidae 1985): Vulnerable. Celithemis eponina - Halloween pennant Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora walshii - Brush-tipped emerald Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Celithemis fasciata - Banded pennant Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora williamsoni - Williamson's emerald Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Erythrodiplax berenice - Seaside dragonlet Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 1985): Status undetermined. Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Erythrodiplax minuscula - Little blue dragonlet Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 furcifer - Lilypad clubtail Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Ladona deplanata - Blue corporal 1985): Status undetermined. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5

48 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Habitat: Wetlands. Sympetrum obtrusum - White-faced meadowhawk Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Leucorrhinia glacialis - Crimson-ringed whiteface Sympetrum semicinctum - Band-winged meadowhawk Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands.

Leucorrhinia proxima - Belted whiteface Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Amblema plicata - Threeridge Other Listing Sources: PA Species of Special Concern (Opler, Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 1985): Status undetermined. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Habitat: Wetlands. Species Listing: 2004 listing. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Libellula auripennis - Golden-winged skimmer Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Anodonta implicata - Alewife floater Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Libellula axilena - Bar-winged skimmer Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Notes: Native; non-breeding. Anodonta suborbiculata - Flat floater Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Libellula flavida - Yellow-sided skimmer Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Anodontoides ferussacianus - Cylindrical papershell Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Libellula incesta - Slaty skimmer Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Fusconaia flava - Wabash pigtoe Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Libellula needhami - Needham's skimmer Heritage Network Ranking: SHG5 Lampsilis ovata - Pocketbook Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Libellula vibrans - Great blue skimmer Lampsilis radiata - Eastern lampmussel Heritage Network Ranking: S2NG5 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Notes: Native; non-breeding. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Wetlands. Lasmigona complanata - White heelsplitter Sympetrum ambiguum - Blue-faced meadowhawk Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Habitat: Wetlands. Species Listing: 2004 listing. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Sympetrum corruptum - Variegated meadowhawk Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Lasmigona compressa - Creek heelsplitter Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Sympetrum costiferum - Saffron-winged meadowhawk Species Listing: 2004 listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Wetlands. Leptodea fragilis - Fragile papershell

49 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands.

Ligumia recta - Black sandshell Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Hydrobiidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cincinnatia cincinnatiensis - Campeloma spire snail Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG4 Obliquaria reflexa - Threehorn wartyback Habitat: Aquatic. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Fontigens nickliniana - Watercress snail Heritage Network Ranking: SNAG5 Potamilus alatus - Pink heelsplitter Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Pyganodon cataracta - Eastern floater Pomatiopsidae Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Pomatiopsis lapidaria - Slender walker Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Quadrula quadrula - Mapleleaf Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritopsina: Helicinidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Hendersonia occulta - Cherrystone drop Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Toxolasma parvus - Lilliput Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Forests, thickets. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Discidae Truncilla donaciformis - Fawnsfoot Anguispira kochi - Banded tigersnail Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Forest.

Utterbackia imbecillis - Paper pondshell Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Helicarionidae Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Euconulus dentatus - Toothed hive Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Villosa iris - Rainbow Habitat: Forest. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Euconulus fulvus - Brown hive Species Listing: 2004 listing. Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Forest. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Polygyridae Carychiidae Allogona profunda - Broad-banded forestsnail Carychium clappi - Appalachian thorn Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG5 Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Mesodon clausus - Yellow globelet Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Planorbidae Habitat: Thickets, open areas. Promenetus umbilicatellus - Umbilicate sprite Heritage Network Ranking: SNRG4

50 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 CWCS – Priority Species – Invertebrates 4 Pennsylvania Vulnerable Invertebrates 4.4

Triodopsis vulgata - Dished threetooth Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Succineidae Habitat: Forest. Catinella vermeta - Suboval ambersnail Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Webbhelix multilineata - Striped whitelip Habitat: Wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Habitat: Wetlands. Oxyloma retusum - Blunt ambersnail Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Habitat: Wetlands. Punctidae Punctum vitreum - Glass spot Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Vitrinidae Habitat: Forest. Vitrina angelicae - Eastern glass-snail Conservation Genetics: Identification issues. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Columella simplex Zonitidae Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Gastrodonta interna - Brown bellytooth Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Habitat: Forest.

Gastrocopta corticaria - Bark snaggletooth Nesovitrea binneyana - Blue glass Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Vertigo gouldi - Variable vertigo Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Zonitidae Habitat: Forest. Ventridens demissus - Perforate dome Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Forest, urban disturbed areas. Vertigo milium - Blade vertigo Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Ventridens gularis - Throaty dome Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Heritage Network Ranking: SUG5 Habitat: Forest, streams and rivers. Vertigo ovata - Ovate vertigo Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Classification: Porifera: Demospongiae: Haplosclerina: Habitat: Wetlands. Spongillidae Spongilla lacustris - A freshwater sponge Vertigo pygmaea - Crested vertigo Heritage Network Ranking: S1G5 Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas.

Vertigo tridentata - Honey vertigo Heritage Network Ranking: S3G5 Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Vertigo ventricosa - Five-tooth vertigo Heritage Network Ranking: S2G5 Habitat: Wetlands, forest.

51 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Invertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need 5 in Pennsylvania (Responsibility + Rarity)

The concept of “Responsibility Species” is a useful one for prioritizing management and conservation actions for any species in which conservation outcomes in Pennsylvania have a critical or essential impact on the global fate of that species. As defined for CWCS vertebrates, Tier 3 species (“Responsibility Species” sensu stricto or Green Species) are those that merit conservation attention for reasons other than those that would place them into Tiers 1, 2, or 4 (i.e., species that for reasons of conservation status or rarity already merit conservation attention). A broader definition of “responsibility species” would be any species (regardless of conservation status) for which Pennsylvania outcomes are a significant component of global conservation success. With so many Pennsylvania invertebrate species data-deficient or with uncertain conservation status (even the many here placed tentatively in various conservation tiers), and with so many others not even on conservation lists, it is difficult to designate responsibility species across the thousands of potential invertebrate species not thought to be of special concern. Using the broader definition of “responsibility species,” the following short list includes those species where survival in Pennsylvania will almost certainly determine survival of the species globally. Under any definition, this initial list must be interpreted as just a minimal start on a complete one for invertebrate responsibility species in Pennsylvania.

52 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Invertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need 5 in Pennsylvania (Responsibility + Rarity)

Tier 5 – Invertebrate Species of Greatest Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Conservation Need Lemmeria digitalis - A noctuid moth. TIER: Tier 2 Notes: This is a small moth that is apparently very rare Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: everywhere, with an unknown life history (host-plants and Crangonyctidae distribution). The monobasic genus is related to other noctuid Stygobromus stellmacki - Stellmack's cave amphipod. TIER: genera that bore in the stems and rootstocks of various Tier 1 herbaceous plants, grasses, and sedges. A number of recent Notes: An endemic cave species, by distribution alone a PA records in Pennsylvania wetlands suggests that Pennsylvania RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. may be stronghold for the species, therefore designation here as a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. Stygobromus allegheniensis - Allegheny cave amphipod. TIER: Tier 4 Papaipema sp. 1 - Flypoison borer moth. TIER: Tier 1 Notes: An endemic cave species, by distribution alone a PA Notes: Most of the known specimens for this undescribed RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. moth are from Pennsylvania localities. The species is rare, with larval host-plant restricted to fly-poison. For reasons of Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae endemism, the species is a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Cambarus monongalensis - A crayfish. TIER: Tier 4 Notes: An astonishingly blue crayfish with significant Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae populations restricted to southwestern Pennsylvania counties. Speyeria idalia - Regal fritillary. TIER: Tier 1 This is a burrowing species, sensitive to forest persistence, as Notes: Historically widespread and common, this species has well as stream and riparian habitats. Rare and local, an abruptly declined in recent years and is now extirpated in all occasional target of aquarium pet trade, but not seriously eastern states except Pennsylvania and Virginia. The species is enough to merit special protection. West Virginia populations showy, not clearly an indicator of habitat degradation, declining may represent another distinct population, therefore on for uncertain reasons, and inhabits both upland forests, distribution alone is considered a PA RESPONSIBILITY clearings, grasslands, as well as marshy or even swampy areas. SPECIES. Sketchy morphological and genetic evidence suggests that persisting western populations may differ from Pennsylvania Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae ones, therefore on rarity, genetic distinctness, and Pennsylvania Caecidotea kenki - An isopod. TIER: Tier 1 relictual occurrence, this species is a PA RESPONSIBILITY Notes: An endemic cave species, by distribution alone a PA SPECIES. RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas.

Caecidotea pricei - Price's cave isopod. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Notes: An endemic cave species, by distribution alone a PA Gomphus viridifrons - Green-faced clubtail. TIER: Tier 1 RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Notes: For nearly 100 years the species was not recorded in Pennsylvania and was thought to be extirpated; rediscovered in Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae the early 1990s in large numbers on the Clarion River, later at Pyrgus wyandot - Appalachian grizzled skipper. TIER: Tier 1 other sites, the species may appear to be rarer than it Notes: This species was once widespread and not rare, but has actually is because adult activity occurs almost entirely over declined in recent years in Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, and water (therefore not easily collected). These unexpectedly Pennsylvania, now primarily confined to populations of uncertain large populations localized in Pennsylvania justify making this size in West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. There is species a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. uncertainty about its systematic placement (a Holarctic species, or an eastern Nearctic one, or even a northeastern U.S. one) Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Nemouridae but regardless of taxonomic status the species occurrence in Soyedina merritti - A stonefly. TIER: Tier 1 Pennsylvania is a significant portion of known occurrences in the Notes: A Pennsylvania endemic, known only from Powdermill region, hence a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. Run, Westmoreland County and a few adjacent streams. Status was determined by extreme rarity, but threats and more realistic status assessment required. By endemism alone this is a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES.

53 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Invertebrate Species of Greatest Conservation Need 5 in Pennsylvania (Responsibility + Rarity)

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Apataniidae characterization of appropriate host fish to for glochidial Apatania blacki - A caddisfly. development and dispersion is needed and fish species Notes: A Pennsylvania endemic, known only from dependencies are not clearly known. Persistence relative to Westmoreland County (the type locality). An obscure species other states may justify making this endangered bivalve a PA requiring further study to more thoroughly assess distribution RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES and abundance. State endemism makes this species appropriate as a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Kenkiidae Sphalloplana pricei - Refton cave planarian. TIER: Tier 1 Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Margaritiferidae Notes: A distinctive species recorded historically only from Margaritifera margaritifera - Eastern pearlshell. TIER: Tier 1 subterranean waters in three caves, and for the last 70 years Notes: With genetic confirmation of possible distinctiveness for only from one in Pennsylvania. By rarity and extreme these southernmost disjunct populations in Pennsylvania, the endemism, this species may be considered a PA forms here would merit listing the species as a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES. RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES.

Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Alasmidonta heterodon - Dwarf wedgemussel. TIER: Tier 1 Notes: Precarious conservation status from to New Hampshire; Pennsylvania is near the center of the range and doubtfully persisting in Wayne County, if so, then should be considered a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES.

Epioblasma torulosa rangiana - Northern riffleshell. TIER: Tier 1 Notes: Increasingly rare in Ohio River and Great Lakes drainages, but persisting in northwestern counties of Pennsylvania, perhaps as strongly as anywhere else in global range. Very sensitive to impoundment, this race is one of several ecogeographical forms that may be considered subspecies, in which case genetic distinctiveness likely for upper Ohio River populations in Pennsylvania. Survival and distinctiveness of Pennsylvania populations support treating this species as a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES.

Lampsilis cariosa - Yellow lampmussel. TIER: Tier 1 Notes: Native. PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES

Pleurobema clava – Clubshell. TIER: Tier 1 Notes: Occurring in the Susquehanna drainage, and once widespread over Atlantic drainages of North America, this species is typically rare and declining everywhere. It is declining least in New York and Pennsylvania, and although threatened with displacement by the introduced zebra mussel, its relative persistence in Pennsylvania near the center of the historical range make it appropriate for treatment as a PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES.

Villosa fabalis - Rayed bean. TIER: Tier 1 Notes: This species was once widespread, but now disappearing throughout its range. Pennsylvania and Ohio are near the center of the species’ historical range and may be states where persistence is most likely. As with other unionids,

54 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Management Issues for CWCS – 6 Priority Invertebrates in Pennsylvania

Responsible stewardship of Pennsylvania invertebrates requires knowledge and action as follows. Effective management of Pennsylvania invertebrates requires at the minimum knowledge of:

1. What species occur in the system, derived from specimen collections, literature, and survey/inventory.

2. Basic information on those species, as derived from inventories (abundance, distribution, and habitat associations) and by targeted natural history studies (life history, demography, behavior, limiting factors, ecological associations, and much more).

3. Conservation status of those species (interpreted from information gathered above).

4. Habitat associations and ecological dependencies of species, also determined by multispecies inventories structured to register habitat types and ecological dominants in other lineages (especially vascular plants and vertebrates).

With these basic data in hand, managers must manage habitats under a conservation plan that is adaptive to results from monitoring, and that is structured to prioritize additional research and inventory to further optimize conservation outcomes. In a very general way for invertebrates, the following actions are required.

A. A habitat management strategy for protection/conservation of habitats to optimize conservation of species across the biota as prioritized by their conservation status (vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and more). This will require a conservation plan that integrates new information over time from all components of communities in the habitats being managed.

B. A monitoring strategy that is species-specific and has pre-determined periodicity for action.

C. An informatics feedback system, sensitive to monitoring results, that connects to applicable information sources to prioritize the amount and kinds of research and inventory necessary to maintain the system.

The vast majority of Pennsylvania invertebrates are terrestrial, and their stewardship and protection is not statutory for any regulatory agency. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission accepts responsibility for aquatic lineages. Even without legislative assignment of stewardship, a conservation plan that: 1) seeks to inform itself about invertebrates of special concern in habitats managed for other taxa or purposes, and 2) is attentive to the needs of those invertebrates, will have a positive impact on invertebrate conservation. This is the best approach possible in Pennsylvania, given the lack of legal stewardship for most invertebrates. Managers focusing on plants (Bureau of Forestry, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources; Department of Agriculture), public health (Department of Environmental Protection), and fish and game (Pennsylvania Game Commission, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission), if aware and responsive to invertebrate conservation needs, can make a difference.

55 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses 7 for Pennsylvania Invertebrates

With the possible exception of one or two species of large diurnal butterflies, it is not practical or economically realistic to manage invertebrates of special concern in Pennsylvania in a direct, species-specific manner. The alternative for most species is habitat-based management emphasizing maintenance of ecological conditions, sufficiently large and suitably spatially connected, to sustain viable populations of several to many species of special concern. As for vertebrates and vascular plants, the most basic information necessary for habitat-based management is to have a credible knowledge of habitat-associations or restrictions for as many species as possible. This has been extensively done for most vertebrates, but the vast majority of invertebrate species in Pennsylvania have unknown or inadequately documented habitat dependencies. Obtaining precise information on the habitat requirements of those invertebrate species in greatest need of protection is an important priority for future research.

Because many invertebrate species mentioned above in Conservation Tiers 1, 2, and 4 have not had their habitat relationships well studied, an attempt was made to characterize those habitats in a generalized, preliminary way. Consultation with several specialists and experienced naturalists with unique knowledge of these species allowed for placement of them into the broad habitat categories used for the vertebrate component of the CWCS. These groupings are certainly not definitive, but provide a useful starting point for knowing what invertebrate species might occur in habitats targeted on vertebrate species, and will stimulate more rigorous characterization of ecological limiting factors and conditions for each species of conservation concern in the future.

The following lists include only species in Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 4, and presumably extirpated species. They are grouped by general habitat type, including habitats that are predominantly forests, wetlands, thickets or barrens, open areas and grasslands, streams and rivers, rocky areas, and sandy beaches.

Many invertebrate species, possibly most, may prefer or require a mixture of habitat types, often on microhabitat scale, and this greatly complicates placement of a given species into a specific habitat unit. A species may require ecotonal conditions between habitat types and subtypes, such as forest edges, glades and meadows within forest, riparian zones along streams and rivers, fens adjacent to ponds or bogs, and unusual or localized substrate or edaphic conditions in other habitat types (e.g., sandy soils in forests, serpentine barrens in thickets, cobble zones on river banks, and many others). In particular, disturbance (natural or anthropogenic) within any habitat produces a mixture of microhabitat conditions that may be required by species for one or more stages of their life histories (e.g., tree falls, light gaps, burned areas, strip mines, floodplains, housing developments, dams and locks, and a wide range of drainage and/or watershed disturbances altering downstream wetlands, streams, and rivers). Although eventually with additional research, a finer grain characterization of habitats may be possible for some species, it must be stressed that no single habitat classification scheme will allow for straightforward placement of associations for all species.

56 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

A matrix approach to habitat usage is therefore necessary (species vs. habitat classification units) and should be a research objective for invertebrate conservation in Pennsylvania. For the time being, the following general characterization will be useful.

57 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Predominantly Forest Species Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Some of the habitat subtypes noted for Cicindela unipunctata - One-spotted tiger beetle; invertebrates in this category are as follows: Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, deciduous. 1. Wet forest, often floodplain, deep soil forest types Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae Nicrophorus americanus - American burying beetle; 2. Upland or ridge top dry forest Rank: SHG2. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest, grasslands. 3. Mature or old growth forest Nicrophorus marginatus - A burying beetle; Rank: SXGNR. 4. Coniferous forest – predominantly hemlock or pine, TIER: Extirpated in both wet and upland dry settings Habitat: Forest.

5. Ravines and rocky forested slopes – an easily Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae overlooked subhabitat Lordithon niger - Black lordithon rove beetle; Rank: SXGU. TIER: Extirpated 6. Meadows, glades, clearings - essentially grassland or Habitat: Forest. thicket habitats within forest systems Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae 7. Forest edges, along clearings, roads, disturbances, Epeoloides pilosula - A cleptoparasitic bee; ridges, ravines, wetlands, and so on. Rank: Not listed, probably SXG1.. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Wetlands, forest edges.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Grammia phyllira - Phyllira tiger moth; Dryobius sexnotatus - Six-banded longhorn beetle; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SHGNR. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Habitat: Forest, ravines, maple/beech, riparian forest.

Holomelina nigricans - An arctiid moth; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Rank: SNRGH. TIER: Tier 1 Cicindela abdominalis - Eastern pinebarrens tiger beetle; Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Rank: SNAG4. TIER: Tier 1

Habitat: Forest, often coniferous, thickets, upland sand. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae

Coleophora leucochrysella - Casebearer; Cicindela limbalis - Common claybank tiger beetle; Rank: SXGNR. TIER: Extirpated Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Cicindela scutellaris rugifrons - Festive tiger beetle; Apodrepanulatrix liberaria - A geometer moth; Rank: SHT5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Habitat: Forest.

Cicindela scutellaris - Festive tiger beetle; Caripeta aretaria - A moth; Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Habitat: Forest, thickets.

Cicindela splendida - Splendid tiger beetle; Epirrita autumnata; Rank: SNRG5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Epirrita autumnata henshawi - The november moth; Cicindela tranquebarica - Oblique-lined tiger beetle; Rank: SUT5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. 58 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Erastria coloraria - Broad-lined catopyrrha; Erynnis persius - Persius duskywing; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, clearings, thickets.

Heliomata infulata; Hesperia attalus - Dotted skipper; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SNAG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest, thickets. Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands.

Hypagyrtis esther - Esther moth; Hesperia attalus slossonae - Seminole skipper; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SNAT3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest, coniferous. Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands.

Idaea eremiata- A geometrid moth; Thorybes bathyllus - Southern cloudywing; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, thickets.

Idaea violacearia - A geometrid moth; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Artace cribraria - A lasiocampid moth; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Lycia rachelae - Twilight moth; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Tolype notialis – A lasiocampid moth; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, coniferous. Macaria promiscuata - Promiscuous angle; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Habitat: Forest. Callophrys augustinus - Brown elfin; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Metarranthis sp. near duaria - Early metarranthis moth; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, clearings, meadows. Callophrys gryneus - Juniper hairstreak; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Stamnodes gibbicostata - Shiny gray carpet moth; Habitat: Forest, coniferous with red cedar, clearings. Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Callophrys henrici - Henry's elfin; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Habitat: Forest, clearings, forest edges. Amblyscirtes vialis - Common roadside-skipper; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Callophrys niphon - Eastern pine elfin; Habitat: Forest, clearings, meadows. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Autochton cellus - Gold-banded skipper; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Callophrys polios - Hoary elfin; Habitat: Forest, clearings, meadows. Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Erynnis lucilius - Columbine duskywing; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Celastrina neglectamajor - Appalachian azure; Habitat: Forest, clearings, thickets. Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, ravines. Erynnis persius persius - Persius dusky wing; Rank: S1T2. TIER: Tier 1 Celastrina nigra - Dusky azure; Habitat: Forest, thickets. Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 59 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Habitat: Forest, ravines. Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas. Celastrina sp. 2 - Cherry gall azure; Brachionycha borealis - Boreal sprawler moth; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Erora laeta - Early hairstreak; Catocala dulciola - Quiet or sweet underwing; Rank: S3G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SHG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Habitat: Forest.

Feniseca tarquinius - Harvester; Catocala marmorata - Marbled underwing; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SXG3. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Habitat: Forest.

Glaucopsyche lygdamus lygdamus - Silvery blue; Catocala miranda - Miranda underwing; Rank: S1T4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Habitat: Forest.

Glaucopsyche lygdamus - Silvery blue; Catocala pretiosa - Precious underwing; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SXG4. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Habitat: Forest.

Parrhasius m-album - White-m hairstreak; Catocala pretiosa pretiosa - Precious underwing; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SXT2. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Forest, clearings. Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae Catocala sp. 1 nr. jair - Pine woods underwing; Lagoa crispata - Black-waved flannel moth; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest. Catocala umbrosa - An underwing moth; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Mimallonidae Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Cicinnus melsheimeri - Melsheimer's sack bearer; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Cerma cora - Bird dropping moth; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Habitat: Forest. Acronicta albarufa - Barrens dagger moth; Rank: SXG3. TIER: Extirpated Chaetaglaea cerata - A noctuid moth; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest, thickets. Apamea cristata - A noctuid moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Chaetaglaea tremula - Barrens chaetaglaea; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, barrens. Aplectoides condita - A noctuid moth; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Chytonix sensilis - A noctuid moth; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, coniferous. Bagisara gulnare - A noctuid moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Diarsia rubifera - Rubifera dart; Habitat: Forest. Rank: SUG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Bagisara rectifascia - Straight lined mallow moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 60 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Elaphria cornutinis - A noctuid moth; Papaipema maritima - Maritime sunflower borer moth; Rank: SUG5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Lithophane franclemonti - Franclemont's lithophane; Papaipema sp. 2 nr. pterisii - Ostrich fern borer moth; Rank: SHG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, wetlands.

Lithophane thaxteri - Thaxter's pinion moth; Parahypenodes quadralis - A noctuid moth; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Macrochilo hypocritalis - A noctuid moth; Phoberia orthosioides - A moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Merolonche dolli - A noctuid moth; Platyperigea meralis - A noctuid moth; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, wetlands.

Metaxaglaea semitaria - Footpath sallow moth; Psectraglaea carnosa - Pink sallow; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, wetlands.

Panthea sp. 1 - A moth; Pyreferra ceromatica - Anointed sallow moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SXGU. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Forest, coniferous. Habitat: Forest.

Papaipema aerata - A borer moth; Renia sp. 1 nr. discoloralis - A noctuid moth; Rank: SHGH. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. Habitat: Forest.

Papaipema araliae - Aralia shoot borer moth; Rhodoecia aurantiago - Aureolaria seed borer; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest meadows, grasslands.

Papaipema astuta - Yellow stoneroot borer; Sideridis maryx - A moth; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. Habitat: Forest.

Papaipema duplicata - Dark stoneroot borer moth; Sutyna privata teltowa - A noctuid moth; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1T4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, clearings, grasslands. Habitat: Forest, wetlands.

Papaipema leucostigma - Columbine borer moth; Syngrapha epigaea - A noctuid moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Habitat: Forest.

Papaipema marginidens - A borer moth; Xestia elimata - Southern variable dart moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, clearings, wetlands. Habitat: Forest.

Zale curema - A noctuid moth; 61 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, clearings.

Zale obliqua - A noctuid moth; Speyeria idalia - Regal fritillary; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas.

Zale sp. 1 nr. lunifera - Pine barrens zale; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Battus philenor - Pipevine swallowtail; Habitat: Forest. Rank: SUG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Zale squamularis - A noctuid moth; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Eurytides marcellus - Zebra swallowtail; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Zale submediana - A noctuid moth; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Papilio cresphontes - Giant swallowtail; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, wetlands, clearings. Zanclognatha martha - Pine barrens zanclognatha; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Habitat: Forest. Anthocharis midea - Falcate orangetip; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae Habitat: Forest, clearings. Datana ranaeceps - A hand-maid moth; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Euchloe olympia - Olympia marble; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, thickets, dry ridge tops. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Asterocampa clyton - Tawny emperor; Pieris virginiensis - West Virginia white; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S2G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Chlosyne nycteis - Silvery checkerspot; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Riodinidae Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Calephelis borealis - Northern metalmark; Habitat: Forest, clearings. Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest, thickets, dry edges, clearings. Enodia anthedon - Northern pearly-eye; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Anisota stigma - Spiny oakworm moth; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Polygonia faunus - Green comma; Habitat: Forest. Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Citheronia sepulcralis - Pine devil; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Speyeria aphrodite - Aphrodite fritillary; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, clearings. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sesiidae Synanthedon castaneae - Chestnut clearwing moth; Speyeria atlantis - Atlantis fritillary; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SUG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, wetlands, clearings.

Speyeria diana - Diana fritillary; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sphingidae 62 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Hemaris gracilis - Graceful clearwing; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SHG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, clearings. Euconulus fulvus - Brown hive; Sphinx gordius - Gordian sphinx; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae Philomycidae Swammerdamia castaneae; Pallifera secreta - Severed mantleslug; Rank: SXGH. TIER: Extirpated Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Mecoptera: Meropeidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Merope tuber - Earwig scorpionfly; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Polygyridae Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Allogona profunda - Broad-banded forestsnail; Rank: SNRG5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Habitat: Forest. Carychiidae Carychium clappi - Appalachian thorn; Stenotrema edvardsi - Ridge-and-valley slitmouth; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Habitat: Forest, rocky areas.

Carychium nannodes - File thorn; Triodopsis fraudulenta - Baffled three-tooth; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritopsina: Helicinidae Triodopsis picea - Spruce knob threetooth; Hendersonia occulta - Cherrystone drop; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Habitat: Forests, thickets. Triodopsis vulgata - Dished threetooth; Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Cionellidae Habitat: Forest. Cochlicopa nitens - Robust pillar; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Habitat: Forest. Punctidae Punctum vitreum - Glass spot; Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Discidae Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Anguispira cumberlandiana - Cumberland tigersnail; Habitat: Forest. Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest.

Anguispira fergusoni - Coastal-plain tigersnail; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest.

Anguispira kochi - Banded tigersnail; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae Euconulus dentatus - Toothed hive; 63 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Pupillidae Habitat: Forest. Columella simplex; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Paravitrea lacteodens - Ramp cove supercoil; Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Rank: SNAG1. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest. Gastrocopta corticaria - Bark snaggletooth; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Ventridens demissus - Perforate dome; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, urban disturbed areas. Vertigo bollesiana - Delicate vertigo; Rank: S2G3. TIER: Tier 1 Ventridens gularis - Throaty dome; Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Rank: SUG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, streams and rivers. Vertigo gouldi - Variable vertigo; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Ventridens virginicus - Split-tooth dome; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Vertigo milium - Blade vertigo; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Vitrinidae Vitrina angelicae - Eastern glass-snail; Vertigo tridentata - Honey vertigo; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas. Habitat: Forest, open areas. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Zonitidae Strobilopsidae Gastrodonta interna - Brown bellytooth; Strobilops affinis - Eightfold pinecone; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Glyphyalinia raderi - Maryland glyph; Vitrinidae Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Vitrina angelicae - Eastern glass-snail; Habitat: Forest. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Zonitidae Gastrodonta interna - Brown bellytooth; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest.

Glyphyalinia raderi - Maryland glyph; Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Forest.

Nesovitrea binneyana - Blue glass; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Forest.

Paravitrea capsella - Dimple supercoil;

64 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Predominantly Wetland Species Habitat: Wetlands. Some of the diverse habitat subtypes noted for invertebrates in this category are as follows: Poanes viator viator - Broad-winged skipper; 1. Lakes and ponds - standing water and surrounding Rank: S1T4. TIER: Tier 2 wetlands, not seasonal Habitat: Wetlands. 2. Intermittent, often seasonal, ponds and pools – standing water, seasonally absent, vernal pool Polites mystic - Long dash; habitats Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 3. Bogs, marshes, and other largely continuously Habitat: Wetlands. inundated wetland types 4. Fens, wet meadows, swamps, and other seasonally Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae exundated habitats. Lycaena epixanthe - Bog copper; 5. Wetlands associated with dominant vegetation Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 types, including swamps, cattail marshes, Habitat: Wetlands. skunk cabbage, sphagnum bogs, and many others.

Satyrium acadica - Acadian hairstreak;

Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Habitat: Wetlands. Cambarus carolinus - A burrowing crayfish;

Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Satyrium favonius ontario - Northern oak hairstreak; Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Rank: SUT4. TIER: Tier 4

Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, open areas. Cambarus monongalensis - A burrowing crayfish;

Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Satyrium favonius - Oak hairstreak; Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4

Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, open areas. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae

Holomelina laeta - Joyful holomelina moth; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Acronicta lanceolaria - A noctuid moth; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4

Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae

Cyclophora nanaria - A geometrid moth; Apamea burgessi - A noctuid moth; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Habitat: Wetlands.

Glena cognataria - Blueberry gray; Apharetra dentata - A noctuid moth; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Habitat: Wetlands.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Derrima stellata – A noctuid moth; Euphyes bimacula - Two-spotted skipper; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands.

Epiglaea apiata - Pointed sallow; Euphyes conspicua - Black dash; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Habitat: Wetlands.

Fagitana littera - A noctuid moth; Euphyes dion - Dion skipper; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Hemipachnobia monochromatea - Sundew cutworm moth; Poanes massasoit - Mulberry wing; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 65 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Hydraecia immanis - A noctuid moth; Colias interior - Pink-edged sulphur; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands.

Hydraecia stramentosa - A moth; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Hemileuca nevadensis - Nevada buck moth; Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, open areas. Rank: SNRG5. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Wetlands. Lemmeria digitalis - A noctuid moth; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Hemileuca nevadensis ssp. 3 - Great lakes buckmoth; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S1T3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Wetlands. Lithomoia solidaginis germana – A noctuid moth; Rank: S3T5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sphingidae Habitat: Wetlands. Sphinx franckii - Franck's sphinx; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Oligia hausta - Northern brocade moth; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands, forest, open areas. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Aeshnidae Aeshna clepsydra - Mottled darner; Sutyna privata; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Aeshna constricta - Lance-tipped darner; Sutyna privata privata; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S3T5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Aeshna mutata - Spatterdock darner; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Boloria selene - Silver-bordered fritillary; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands, fields. Aeshna tuberculifera - Black-tipped darner; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Boloria selene myrina - Myrina fritillary; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S2T5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands, fields. Aeshna verticalis - Green-striped darner; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Chlosyne harrisii - Harris's checkerspot; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands, fields. Anax longipes - Comet darner; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Euphydryas phaeton - Baltimore checkerspot; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands, open areas. Gomphaeschna antilope - Taper-tailed darner; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Satyrodes eurydice - Eyed brown; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands. Gomphaeschna furcillata - Harlequin darner; Satyrodes eurydice eurydice - Eyed brown; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: T4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. 66 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Nasiaeschna pentacantha - Cyrano darner; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Nehalennia integricollis - Southern sprite; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Argia tibialis - Blue-tipped dancer; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Corduliidae Cordulia shurtleffii - American emerald; Coenagrion resolutum - Taiga bluet; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Concern (Opler, 1985): Status undetermined. Habitat: Wetlands. Dorocordulia lepida - Petite emerald; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Enallagma aspersum - Azure bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Epitheca costalis - Stripe-winged baskettail; Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Enallagma basidens - Double-striped bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Epitheca spinigera - Spiny baskettail; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Enallagma boreale - Boreal bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora elongata - Ski-tailed emerald; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Enallagma cyathigerum - Northern bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora filosa - Fine-lined emerald; Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Enallagma daeckii - Attenuated bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora forcipata - Forcipate emerald; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Enallagma divagans - Turquoise bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora incurvata - Incurvate emerald; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Enallagma doubledayi - Atlantic bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora linearis - Mocha emerald; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Enallagma durum - Big bluet; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora walshii - Brush-tipped emerald; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Ischnura kellicotti - Lilypad forktail; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Somatochlora williamsoni - Williamson's emerald; Ischnura prognata - Furtive forktail; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Ischnura ramburii - Rambur's forktail; Arigomphus furcifer - Lilypad clubtail; 67 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Libellula needhami - Needham's skimmer; Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Celithemis eponina - Halloween pennant; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Libellula vibrans - Great blue skimmer; Rank: S2NG5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Libellulidae Habitat: Wetlands. Celithemis fasciata - Banded pennant; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Nannothemis bella - Elfin skimmer; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands. Celithemis martha - Martha's pennant; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Sympetrum ambiguum - Blue-faced meadowhawk; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Erythrodiplax berenice - Seaside dragonlet; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Sympetrum corruptum - Variegated meadowhawk; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Erythrodiplax minuscula - Little blue dragonlet; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Sympetrum costiferum - Saffron-winged meadowhawk; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Ladona deplanata - Blue corporal; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Sympetrum obtrusum - White-faced meadowhawk; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Ladona exusta - White corporal; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Sympetrum semicinctum - Band-winged meadowhawk; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Leucorrhinia glacialis - Crimson-ringed whiteface; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Petaluridae Habitat: Wetlands. Tachopteryx thoreyi - Gray petaltail; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Leucorrhinia proxima - Belted whiteface; Habitat: Wetlands. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Ligumia nasuta - Eastern pondmussel; Libellula auripennis - Golden-winged skimmer; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterostropha: Valvatidae Libellula axilena - Bar-winged skimmer; Valvata perdepressa - Purplecap valvata; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SNAG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Wetlands. Libellula flavida - Yellow-sided skimmer; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands.

Libellula incesta - Slaty skimmer; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands. 68 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Hydrobiidae Fontigens nickliniana - Watercress snail; Rank: SNAG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands.

Fontigens orolibas - Blue ridge springsnail; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Wetlands.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Pomatiopsidae Pomatiopsis lapidaria - Slender walker; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Polygyridae Mesodon mitchellianus - Sealed globelet; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Wetlands, open areas.

Webbhelix multilineata - Striped whitelip; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae Vertigo ovata - Ovate vertigo; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands.

Vertigo ventricosa - Five-tooth vertigo; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands, forest.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Succineidae Catinella vermeta - Suboval ambersnail; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands.

Oxyloma retusum - Blunt ambersnail; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Wetlands.

Oxyloma subeffusum - Chesapeake ambersnail; Rank: SUG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Wetlands.

Succinea pennsylvanica - Penn ambersnail; Rank: SNRG1. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Wetlands.

69 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: Not listed.. TIER: Tier 4 Predominantly Stream and River Species Habitat: Streams and rivers. Some of the habitat subtypes noted for invertebrates in this category are as follows: Orconectes propinquus - Northern clearwater crayfish; 1. Streams and small rivers - lotic waters continuously Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 present Habitat: Streams and rivers. 2. Intermittent streams – lotic waters regularly or seasonally absent Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae 3. Riparian habitats near running water Caecidotea franzi - Franz's cave isopod; 4. Floodplain habitats – sometimes above waterline, Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 sometimes below Habitat: Streams, subterranean. 5. Hyporheic habitats – in substrate, gravel, silt, rocks, below running water Caecidotea kenki - An isopod; 6. Running water deep below ground level, Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 subterranean, often in caves Habitat: Streams, subterranean.

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caecidotea pricei - Price's cave isopod; Crangonyctidae Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Crangonyx dearolfi - Pennsylvania cave amphipod; Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Cicindela ancocisconensis - Appalachian tiger beetle; Stygobromus allegheniensis - Allegheny cave amphipod; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers, riparian sand. Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Cicindela marginipennis - Cobblestone tiger beetle; Stygobromus biggersi - Biggers' cave amphipod; Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers, cobble and gravel. Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Diptera: Tipulidae Stygobromus franzi - Franz's cave amphipod; Tipula williamsiana - A crane fly; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S2G3. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Stygobromus gracilipes - Shenandoah valley cave amphipod; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Ameletus browni - A mayfly; Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Stygobromus pizzinii - Pizzini's cave amphipod; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Centroptilum semirufum - A mayfly; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Stygobromus stellmacki - Stellmack's cave amphipod; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G1. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae Stygobromus tenuis potomacus - Potomac groundwater Eurylophella bicoloroides - A mayfly; amphipod; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1T4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Eurylophella poconoensis - A mayfly; Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Rank: SNRG1. TIER: Tier 1 Cambarus sp. near acuminatus - A crayfish; Habitat: Streams and rivers.

70 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Habitat: Streams and rivers. Heptageniidae Heptagenia culacantha - A mayfly; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Corduliidae Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Helocordulia uhleri - Uhler's sundragon; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae Isonychia hoffmani - A mayfly; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Gomphus abbreviatus - Spine-crowned clubtail; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S2G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Aeshnidae Boyeria grafiana - Ocellated darner; Gomphus adelphus - Mustached clubtail; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Calopterygidae Gomphus descriptus - Harpoon clubtail; Calopteryx aequabilis - River jewelwing; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Gomphus fraternus - Midland clubtail; Calopteryx amata - Superb jewelwing; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Calopteryx angustipennis - Appalachian jewelwing; Gomphus lineatifrons - Splendid clubtail; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SXG4. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Calopterygidae Gomphus quadricolor - Rapids clubtail; Calopteryx dimidiata - Sparkling jewelwing; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Gomphus rogersi - Sable clubtail; titia - Smoky rubyspot; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Gomphus septima - Septima's clubtail; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Argia bipunctulata - Seepage dancer; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Gomphus vastus - Cobra clubtail; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Argia sedula - Blue-ringed dancer; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Gomphus ventricosus - Skillet clubtail; Rank: SXG3. TIER: Extirpated Enallagma laterale - New England bluet; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Gomphus viridifrons - Green-faced clubtail; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Cordulegastridae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cordulegaster bilineata - Brown spiketail; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Lanthus parvulus - Northern pygmy clubtail; 71 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Macromia alleghaniensis - Allegheny river cruiser; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Ophiogomphus anomalus - Extra-striped snaketail; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Capniidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Allocapnia simmonsi - Simmons' slender winter stonefly; Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Ophiogomphus carolus - Riffle snaketail; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae Alloperla aracoma - A stonefly; Ophiogomphus howei - Pygmy snaketail; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Alloperla vostoki - A stonefly; Ophiogomphus mainensis - Maine snaketail; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Utaperla gaspesiana - A stonefly; Progomphus obscurus - Common sanddragon; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Leuctridae Stylurus amnicola - Riverine clubtail; Megaleuctra flinti - A stonefly; Rank: SXG4. TIER: Extirpated Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Stylurus notatus - Elusive clubtail; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Nemouridae Rank: SXG3. TIER: Extirpated Ostrocerca prolongata - A stonefly; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Stylurus plagiatus - Russet-tipped clubtail; Rank: SXG5. TIER: Extirpated Soyedina merritti - A stonefly; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Stylurus scudderi - Zebra clubtail; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Acroneuria arida - A stonefly; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Lestidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Lestes dryas - Emerald spreadwing; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Hansonoperla appalachia - Hanson's Appalachian stonefly; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Lestes eurinus - Amber-winged spreadwing; Perlesta nitida - A stonefly; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Lestes forcipatus - Sweetflag spreadwing; Perlesta teaysia - A stonefly; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlodidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Macromiidae Isogenoides olivaceus - A perlodid stonefly; 72 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Amblema plicata - Threeridge; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Pteronarcys comstocki - Spiny salmonfly; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Anodonta implicata - Alewife floater; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae Cheumatopsyche helma - Helma's net-spinning caddisfly; Anodonta suborbiculata - Flat floater; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Cheumatopsyche vannotei - Vannote's cheumatopsyche Anodontoides ferussacianus - Cylindrical papershell; caddisfly; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SHGH. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cyclonaias tuberculata - Purple wartyback; Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae Rank: SXG5. TIER: Extirpated Leucotrichia pictipes - A micro caddisfly; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cyprogenia stegaria - Fanshell; Rank: SXG1. TIER: Extirpated Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Leptoceridae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Ceraclea alabamae - A caddisfly; Rank: SNRG1. TIER: Tier 1 Ellipsaria lineolata - Butterfly; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Ceraclea albosticta - A caddisfly; Rank: SHGH. TIER: Tier 1 Elliptio crassidens - Elephantear; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SXG5. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila otica - A caddisfly; Elliptio fisheriana - Northern lance; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Margaritiferidae Elliptio producta - Atlantic spike; Margaritifera margaritifera - Eastern pearlshell; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Epioblasma torulosa - Tubercled blossom; Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Alasmidonta heterodon - Dwarf wedgemussel; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G1. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Epioblasma torulosa rangiana - Northern riffleshell; Rank: S2T2. TIER: Tier 1 Alasmidonta undulata - Triangle floater; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Epioblasma triquetra - Snuffbox; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Alasmidonta varicosa - Brook floater; Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Rank: S2G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Fusconaia flava - Wabash pigtoe; 73 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Obovaria olivaria - Hickorynut; Rank: SXG4. TIER: Extirpated Fusconaia subrotunda - Longsolid; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Obovaria retusa - Ring pink; Rank: SXG1. TIER: Extirpated Hemistena lata - Cracking pearlymussel; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SXG1. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Obovaria subrotunda - Round hickorynut; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Lampsilis abrupta - Pink mucket; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SXG2. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Plethobasus cooperianus - Orangefoot pimpleback; Rank: SXG1. TIER: Extirpated Lampsilis cariosa - Yellow lampmussel; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S3G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Plethobasus cyphyus - Sheepnose; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Lampsilis ovata - Pocketbook; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Pleurobema clava - Clubshell; Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Lampsilis radiata - Eastern lampmussel; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Pleurobema cordatum - Ohio pigtoe; Rank: SXG3. TIER: Extirpated Lasmigona complanata - White heelsplitter; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Pleurobema plenum - Rough pigtoe; Rank: SXG1. TIER: Extirpated Lasmigona compressa - Creek heelsplitter; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Pleurobema rubrum - Pyramid pigtoe; Rank: SXG2. TIER: Extirpated Lasmigona subviridis - Green floater; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S2G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Pleurobema sintoxia - Round pigtoe; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Leptodea fragilis - Fragile papershell; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Potamilus alatus - Pink heelsplitter; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Leptodea ochracea - Tidewater mucket; Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Rank: SXG4. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Pyganodon cataracta - Eastern floater; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Ligumia recta - Black sandshell; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica - Rabbitsfoot; Rank: S1T3. TIER: Tier 1 Obliquaria reflexa - Threehorn wartyback; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Quadrula cylindrica - Rabbitsfoot; 74 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Hydrobiidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Amnicola decisus - A freshwater snail; Rank: SNRG1. TIER: Tier 1 Quadrula metanevra - Monkeyface; Habitat: Streams and rivers, lakes. Rank: SXG4. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cincinnatia cincinnatiensis - Campeloma spire snail; Rank: SNRG4. TIER: Tier 4 Quadrula pustulosa - Pimpleback; Habitat: Aquatic. Rank: SXG5. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Streams and rivers. Lyogyrus walkeri - Canadian duskysnail; Rank: SNAG3. TIER: Tier 1 Quadrula quadrula - Mapleleaf; Habitat: Aquatic. Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Somatogyrus pennsylvanicus - Shale pebblesnail; Rank: SNRG3. TIER: Tier 1 Simpsonaias ambigua - Salamander mussel; Habitat: Aquatic. Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Pleuroceridae Toxolasma parvus - Lilliput; Lithasia obovata - Shawnee rocksnail; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SNAG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Tritogonia verrucosa - Pistolgrip; Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Kenkiidae Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Sphalloplana pricei - Refton cave planarian; Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams, subterranean. Truncilla donaciformis - Fawnsfoot; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Classification: Porifera: Demospongiae: Haplosclerina: Habitat: Streams and rivers. Spongillidae Heteromeyenia longistylus - Pennsylvania sponge; Truncilla truncata - Deertoe; Rank: SNAG2. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: SXG5. TIER: Extirpated Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands.

Utterbackia imbecillis - Paper pondshell; Classification: Porifera: Demospongiae: Haplosclerina: Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Spongillidae Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Spongilla lacustris - A freshwater sponge; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Villosa fabalis - Rayed bean; Habitat: Aquatic. Rank: S1G1. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Villosa iris - Rainbow; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Planorbidae Promenetus umbilicatellus - Umbilicate sprite; Rank: SNRG4. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Aquatic.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: 75 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Predominantly Rocky Habitat Species Some of the habitat subtypes noted for invertebrates in this category are as follows: 1. Large rock habitats - bluffs, ledges, outcrops, boulder fields, rockslides, shell rock, and other exposed large rock substrates 2. Talus slopes (small rock, gravel, and sometimes sand). 3. Small rock, cobble, pebble fields, gravel beds, alluvial or glacial till.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Cicindela rufiventris - Eastern red-bellied tiger beetle; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Rocky hillsides.

Predominantly Sandy Beach Species Some of the habitat subtypes noted for invertebrates in this category are as follows: 1. Open sandy beach near water, marine or fresh 2. Upper beach habitats, sandy soils with mixed herbaceous and woody vegetation.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Cicindela hirticollis - Hairy-necked tiger beetle; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Sandy beaches.

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Predominantly Grassland or Open Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge. Habitat Species Some of the habitat subtypes noted for Hesperia sassacus - Indian skipper; invertebrates in this category are as follows: Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 1. Open habitats with low woody vegetation Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge. 2. Open habitats with predominantly herbaceous flora (forbs and or grasses) Nastra lherminier - Swarthy skipper; 3. Prairie, predominantly native grasses, native Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 grasslands, relicts Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge. 4. Open clearings, habitats resulting from above- ground vegetative disturbance (clearcuts, burns, Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae tornado/storm tracks, man-made developments) Cupido (Everes) comyntas - Eastern tailed-blue; 5. Open habitats resulting from soil disturbance Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 (erosion, strip mines, industrial, brownfields) Habitat: Clearings, fields, grasslands, forest edges, 6. Predominantly introduced grasses wetlands.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Plebejus melissa samuelis - Karner blue; Cicindela lepida - Ghost tiger beetle; Rank: SXT2. TIER: Extirpated Rank: SHG3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Grasslands, clearings with sandy soil. Habitat: Grasslands, forest, upland sand, dunes, and beaches. Plebejus melissa - Melissa blue; Rank: SXG5. TIER: Extirpated Tetracha virginica - Virginia big-headed tiger beetle; Habitat: Grasslands, clearings with sandy soil. Rank: SHG5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Disturbed open areas, ditches. Satyrium edwardsii - Edwards' hairstreak; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Habitat: Grasslands, prairie, fields. Atrytone arogos - Arogos skipper; Rank: SXG3. TIER: Extirpated Satyrium titus - Coral hairstreak; Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, wetlands. Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Open areas, grasslands, fields, disturbed areas. Atrytone arogos arogos - Arogos skipper; Rank: SXT1. TIER: Extirpated Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, wetlands. Phyciodes batesii batesii - Tawny crescent; Rank: SXT1. TIER: Extirpated Atrytonopsis hianna - Dusted skipper; Habitat: Grasslands, forest edges, open areas, fields. Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas. Phyciodes batesii - Tawny crescent; Rank: SXG4. TIER: Extirpated Carterocephalus palaemon mandan - Arctic skipper; Habitat: Grasslands, forest edges, open areas, fields. Rank: S2T5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, forest edge. Phyciodes cocyta - Northern crescent; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Carterocephalus palaemon - Arctic skipper; Habitat: Open areas, wetlands, fields, forest edges. Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, forest edge. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Pontia protodice - Checkered white; Hesperia leonardus - Leonard's skipper; Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Grasslands, disturbed areas, fields. Habitat: Grasslands, fields, open areas, forest edge.

Hesperia metea - Cobweb skipper; Rank: S2G4. TIER: Tier 2 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae 77 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Targeting Habitat Management Responses for Pennsylvania Invertebrates 7 Invertebrate Species-Habitat Associations 7.1

Vertigo pygmaea - Crested vertigo; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas.

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Predominantly Thickets and Barrens Species Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Some of the habitat subtypes noted for Erynnis martialis - Mottled duskywing; invertebrates in this category are as follows: Rank: SHG3. TIER: Tier 1 1. Edaphic barrens – thickets or stunted forest habitats Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest edges. caused by soil type, especially calcicolous systems, serpentine, acid soils, sand. Poanes massasoit chermocki - Chermock's mulberry wing; 2. Upland scrub thickets – short, often dense, woody Rank: T1. TIER: Tier 2 vegetation, on dry, upper exposed slopes and ridges, balds Pyrgus wyandot - Appalachian grizzled skipper; 3. Lowland shrub wetlands – short, dense shrublands Rank: S1G1. TIER: Tier 1 with seasonally wet soils. Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest edges. 4. Upland habitats, often scrubby, with sandy soils. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Callophrys irus - Frosted elfin; Cicindela formosa - Big sand tiger beetle; Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Barrens, thickets, grasslands, sandy soils. Habitat: Barrens, dry sandy places. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Cicindela formosa generosa - Big sand tiger beetle; Euxoa violaris - Violet dart; Rank: S1T5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: SHG4. TIER: Tier 2 Habitat: Barrens, dry sandy places. Habitat: Thickets, barrens.

Cicindela patruela - Northern barrens tiger beetle; Papaipema sp. 1 - Flypoison borer moth; Rank: S2G3. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S2G2. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Barrens, thickets, upland sand. Habitat: Thickets, forest.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Properigea sp. 1 - A noctuid moth; Cisthene packardii - Packard's lichen moth; Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest. Habitat: Barrens, thickets. Richia acclivis - A noctuid moth; Cisthene plumbea - Lead colored lichen moth; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Habitat: Barrens, thickets. Richia grotei - A noctuid moth; Crambidia pura - Pure lichen moth; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Xylotype capax - Barrens xylotype; Crambidia sp. near cephalica - Lichen moth; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Thickets, barrens. Habitat: Barrens, thickets. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Hemileuca maia - The buckmoth; Itame sp. 1 nr. inextricata - Barrens itame; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Rank: S1G3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Thickets, forest. Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Metarranthis apiciaria - Barrens metarranthis moth; Ophiogomphus incurvatus incurvatus – Appalachian snaketail; Rank: SHGU. TIER: Tier 1 Rank: S1T3. TIER: Tier 1 Habitat: Thickets, barrens, forest.

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Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Polygyridae Mesodon clausus - Yellow globelet; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Habitat: Thickets, open areas.

80 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Ensuring Adequate State-Level Protection for 8 Species Exposed to Special Threats

Few Pennsylvania invertebrates are exposed to special conservation problems involving species or lineage specific threats resulting from unnatural causal agents or actions. Immediate, short-term threats of this kind most often result, directly or indirectly, from human disturbances or activities. They include: 1) targeted harvesting or collecting activities (intentionally destructive or apparently benign), 2) extermination activities (usually targeted on pests, real or imagined), 3) non-target effects from pesticide applications (localized or habitat-wide) and 4) alien species (intentional introductions or accidental) that are population-threatening invasives as predators, pathogens, or significant competitors.

Longer-term special threats, more subtle, but definite, also result from man-induced causes. They include: 1) habitat change in a region by agricultural impact, forestry practices and urban sprawl, 2) long-term environmental change such as global warming effects, 3) loss of habitat continuity through fragmentation, 4) reduction in genetic diversity through fragmentation and decrease in population size (therefore loss in evolutionary viability) and 5) the poorly understood impact of invasive communities (the combined influence of accidental accumulations of alien species at many trophic levels (the widespread condition in most disturbed habitats in Pennsylvania). The importance of invertebrates as herbivores, predators/parasitoids, and pollinators in natural systems is well-documented, so longer-term threats to invertebrates could eventually affect the mechanics of the biota they comprise.

Although long-term special threats will not be discussed here, some brief comments can be offered on short-term threats that may exist and that regulatory agencies should be aware of.

The pearl cultivation industry utilizes seed pearls or nuclei to stimulate development of commercial pearls. The quality of these nuclei greatly influences the quality and color of the resulting pearls. For many years, the material used to produce suitable nuclei has been the shells of unionid mussels from North America, specifically the Mississippi River drainage. Although historically available in large quantities for world pearl production, steady growth of the pearl cultivation industry with demand for larger size nuclei (greater than 15 mm diameter) is over-utilizing a resource that in some cases involves species of special concern or those critically imperiled. Pennsylvania managers and resource regulators must keep a watchful eye on seed pearl harvesting. Even though some species might sustain regular harvesting, it is difficult to harvest mussel populations without disturbing or impacting the several species of special concern unionids in Pennsylvania, especially in the upper Allegheny River drainage. The use of synthetic nuclei alternatives may give some relief to this potentially serious impact in the near future (Ventouras, 1999).

For most invertebrate species of special concern, the single greatest negative impact on population levels is loss or degradation of habitats. There is no clear evidence that harvesting (collecting) of any invertebrate species has been the primary reason for its endangerment or extirpation in Pennsylvania. However, showy diurnal species of special concern (i.e., butterflies) that are currently imperiled because of very low populations

81 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Ensuring Adequate State-Level Protection for 8 Species Exposed to Special Threats

levels, are vulnerable to even minimal levels of collecting. The regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia, now confined to a single locality in Pennsylvania and with very low population levels, could become extirpated by the acts of unknowing or unscrupulous collectors. Without statutory support for stewardship and resource regulation for terrestrial invertebrates, it is difficult for the state of Pennsylvania to thwart over collecting by hobbyists or amateurs, or to regulate sampling by scientists or conservationists. Keeping species off of federal lists should be a goal of a viable conservation plan for Pennsylvania wildlife, and in that sense, legislative action for conservation of terrestrial invertebrates is important to provide protection for imperiled taxa before they require federal listing with all the expense and difficulties such listing entails.

Another unintentional, but serious, impact on invertebrates of special concern is non- target effects of pest-control measures, especially chemical ones involving widespread use of certain insecticides or biological pathogens. Use of Dimilin on forest insect outbreaks in the 1980s may have influenced populations of many forest or forest-edge species. More recently, use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) applications for gypsy moth caterpillars has lessened the general impact, but it is clear that these applications kill many species of caterpillars in addition to the targets, and therefore caution in application is required. Because species-specific effects in natural settings are not well-known, about the only mechanism to determine undesirable conservation outcomes for listed invertebrates is careful assessment of the occurrence and abundance of special concern taxa, both before and after pesticide treatments. Such action is extremely difficult, if not impossible, on short notice, and managers are encouraged to foster baseline survey activity in managed systems across a full spectrum of included habitats. This should be followed by responsible monitoring of species of special interest (pests as well as conservation concern taxa), preparing for the time when pesticide applications may be recommended.

Biological control measures, even those implemented many years ago, also may lead to serious impacts on invertebrates of special concern. This is especially true for the introduction of generalist parasitoids or predators that can directly decimate fragile populations of native species of special concern. A good example is the recent negative impact of the tachinid fly, Compsilura concinnata, introduced in 1906 to control the gypsy moth and now attacking many non-pest Lepidoptera including those of special concern (Boettner et al, 2000). Sometimes undesirable impacts are indirect, through competitive effects between an aggressive introduced species and ecologically similar native species. This may be the case with the introduced predaceous coccinelid, Harmonia axyridis, and its competitive interactions with various native coccinellids (e.g., Burgio et al., 2002). Although several native coccinellids are mentioned on Heritage Network lists, the situation in Pennsylvania is unknown and uninvestigated. In all these cases of undesirable introductions, as well as the negative impact of alien species in general, the best defense is a good offense. Careful screening and research on non-target aspects of biological control agents is critically important to avoid undesirable outcomes involving native species of special concern. Rapid and aggressive action against non-intentional introductions requires vigilance and knowledge to be aware of them before they become a serious problem. For invertebrate conservation, this is yet another benefit of baseline inventory followed by responsible monitoring.

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Ensuring statewide protection for invertebrates in Pennsylvania requires attention to regulating use of pesticides, biological control agents, commercial harvesting, and the collection and study of all invertebrate species of special concern. Although full protection for terrestrial taxa ultimately will require legislative action, a lot can be accomplished through responsible habitat-based management approaches, private and public, that seek information on invertebrates in their systems and are sensitive (adaptive) to any serious issues involving them.

83 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Priority Research Needs – 9 Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania

The primary challenges for effective conservation of all invertebrates in Pennsylvania is 1) to determine their presence or absence in the state (especially for species of immediate concern (Tier 1)), 2) determine their conservation status through survey work providing information on abundance, phenology, and distribution (especially species of immediate or high concern (Tier 1 and Tier 2), and 3) provide increasingly precise association with habitat types and other species so as to fine-tune habitat-based management responses targeted on other species, especially vertebrates. The economic and practical reality is that few invertebrate species will ever be primary targets for conservation efforts. This reality requires a strategy that seeks to inform itself about all species in systems being managed for conservation of other species, often vertebrates or plant communities. That awareness, coupled with the maintenance of sensitivity for species-specific needs and ecological limiting factors for invertebrates, may be sufficient to conserve most invertebrates in the long term, given that some special protection measures are enabled against special threats from human activities, such as those involving commercial harvesting, over collecting, pesticides, and introduction of biological control agents or other alien species.

84 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 Presence/Absence Studies, Especially Species of 9.1 Immediate Concern (Tier 1)

Given that most invertebrate species in Pennsylvania have not yet been included on any conservation listing, it is not surprising that many species require even the most basic affirmation of presence in Pennsylvania, that being an authoritatively determined, specimen-based record of occurrence from a locality in Pennsylvania. The lack of faunistic lists for Pennsylvania invertebrates handicaps the state’s efforts to develop its comprehensive wildlife conservation strategy , and has been a major issue discussed repeatedly by the Pennsylvania Biological Survey. An action plan to address this issue of registering presence/absence for all taxa in Pennsylvania (plant, animals, fungi, and more) has already been initiated and will assist greatly this most fundamental objective to be aware of precisely what species occur in Pennsylvania. The web-based solution is an interactive database, continuously updated by specialists, that will provide an authoritative list of Pennsylvania species (CPB, or “The Catalog of Pennsylvania Biodiversity”).

Reviewing species lists of special concern under Appendices 5.4.2, 5.4.3, and 5.4.4 for Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 4 taxa, will reveal 50 species emphasized as requiring attention for purposes of confirming presence/absence in Pennsylvania. Some of these relate to species status issues (see Appendix 5.6.3), but many require careful review of the historical reasons for including these species in the Pennsylvania biota, and some may demand targeted fieldwork or further collection-based studies to establish presence. Management efforts should not be implemented for species that lack verifiable evidence for occurrence in Pennsylvania, but there is no reason to ignore the potential presence of such species and their management needs, especially those that would be critically imperiled if newly confirmed as present. Rediscovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker in Arkansas reminds us all that failure to observe a species, even a large, noisy, and conspicuous one, cannot always be taken as evidence of its demise.

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Ideally, determination of conservation status requires knowledge of current distribution, phenology, abundance, genetic variation, conservation threats, and species-specific issues that may range from global warming to loss of an obligatory host-plant. With the exception of a few large, showy species, even rudimentary data is lacking on distribution, abundance, and basic biology for most invertebrates. The only possible remedy for this shortage is more baseline survey work, selectively targeted on lineages of special concern, and in habitats that have at least some chance of management, therefore future utility for conservation purposes. All too often, and regrettably, conservation status studies are excessively focused on a single species of special concern, emulating an approach that may often be unavoidable for vertebrates. Because of the very large number of invertebrate species, it is unwise to concentrate status determination work on a single species, as failure to find that species risks gaining nothing from invested effort, and finding it but ignoring syntopic species risks failing to gather potentially valuable information on ecological associates. Just as habitat-based management is a wise approach to optimize outcomes for multiple species in ecosystems, so is habitat-based status determination the best approach for ranking the many species that co-occur within that ecosystem. A project entitled “Conservation Status Determination for Carrion- Associated in Deciduous Forests” is an effort of much greater merit and cost efficiency for funding than one titled “Determining Conservation Status of the American Burying Beetle, Nicrophorus americanus.” The former may cost only slightly more than the latter, and is assured of producing abundant information of great value on many species, including Nicrophorus americanus, should it suddenly reappear in Pennsylvania woodlands.

86 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 Conservation Genetics: Issues of Species Status 9.3 and Pennsylvania Distinctiveness

Perhaps the most frequently overlooked aspect of biodiversity conservation are those aspects of genetic diversity that influence both short-term and long-term survival of populations. In recent years, a virtual explosion of technological advances has enabled use of information from molecular genetics (DNA-based research) to address a wide range of conservation issues that were previously intractable. DNA-based approaches are powerful tools for monitoring biological diversity, and are particularly appropriate for invertebrates. Molecular genetic markers can provide monitoring information often unattainable by other methods within both ecological and evolutionary time frames, enhancing the effectiveness of strategies for management, conservation and protection (Schwartz et al., 2007).

To Infer Relationships. A comparative analysis of genetic data, both within species and between them, allows us to understand phylogenetic relationships between populations or taxa, thereby providing a framework for making predictions about all aspects of the species that are in some way genetically determined. This predictive function of genetic data is especially important for invertebrates where phylogenetic inference on biological properties of many species is the only alternative in many cases to complete ignorance. Understanding interspecies relationships helps managers to make predictions that directly impact species survival.

To Delimit Species. A very practical use of molecular data that influences conservation is the delimitation and/or corroboration of species limits, answering the challenging question as to what is a species and what is not. Species delimitation is not trivial, as it determines the most fundamental unit of biological diversity requiring conservation…the species. Conspecific individuals and populations share a common genetic heritage, potentially exchange genes over time, and as a result retain relatedness and evolutionary integrity into the future. They differ greatly from non-conspecifics that cannot interact genetically and do not share in a future evolutionary outcome. Recognizing and validating limits for groups of highly similar species is not often a problem in vertebrates, but is a widespread issue in any diverse group of invertebrates (especially the larger insect orders and both terrestrial and aquatic arthropods). In Pennsylvania, there is uncertainty about the species limits and relationships of many invertebrate species, including several of conservation concern. Some of the species in Pennsylvania requiring clarification of species status are known, and these are included in the following list as species with “status issues.” Resolving these issues will greatly increase the appropriateness of management actions, not to mention helping to determine their priority against alternatives for other species.

To Facilitate Identification. Once species are adequately delimited, a small amount of their genetic data may be used for identification purposes. This is of far greater value than just forensics. The ability to precisely identify any life stage of any species without need for rearing it to maturity is essential for rapidly understanding life history parameters including developmental stages, trophic relationships, and in some cases non-specimen evidence of occurrence (e.g., excreta and exuviae). In the future, acquiring

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genetic barcode information for cryptic species of special concern or those with complex life histories will be an important first step for using genetic data for conservation purposes.

To Conduct Population Viability Analysis. As species decline toward extinction, they experience great reduction in density, becoming rarer over time as their range contracts, then fragments into smaller and smaller populations. As this occurs, the species become more and more susceptible to random effects (genetic drift) and a steady loss of genetic variability occurs through inbreeding. Loss of genetic variation means loss of fitness and adaptive flexibility over time for the population, and an increased risk of extinction. A knowledge of population size and variability allows for viability analysis to determine the likelihood of extinction or survival as modeled under known conditions. Analysis allows managers to assess the impact and risks associated with modifying population parameters and variation artificially. Such analysis is useful to managers having to make difficult choices between alternative conservation strategies, or to foretell the outcome of unavoidable habitat fragmentation, reduction in population size, or loss of variation..

To Assess Evolutionary Viability. Also of immediate interest to resource managers is use of within-species genetic data to guide conservation efforts and to prioritize management alternatives. Understanding genetic variation in space and time clarifies our knowledge of population structure, delimitation of species, and patterns of within-species variation, all features that influence the ability of populations to respond to changing conditions over time. Knowing the details of population variation for a species of special concern may be the only obtainable source of information on its evolutionary viability in the future. For most species, information on within- and between-population variation is the only convenient way to quantitatively assess the distinctiveness of Pennsylvania populations. This distinctiveness, as well as levels of within-population variation, is a tradeoff between gene flow between populations that increase variation, and loss of genetic variation through size effects in small populations (genetic drift). Molecular data provide not only a means for determining variation, but analysis of such data appropriately sampled permits determination of rates of gene flow (migration) and genetic drift. Genetic data also provide one source of information on the suitability of reintroductions, especially where reintroduction is occurring in habitats that may still contain some individuals of the original resident population.

To Prioritize Protection for Peripheral or Relictual Populations. Within a management domain as large as Pennsylvania, many species occur only in small populations that are peripheral or extralimital to the range of the species, or occur as disjunct without obvious connections and with uncertain relictual histories. Because such populations are small and individuals are rare, the species in question is often ranked as one of special concern. Because it is not possible to provide a management response for all such species, an effort to prioritize protection for at least some is important.

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The spatial distribution of genetic variation may help determine those species we should prioritize for protection. For instance, rare or special concern species with genetically divergent populations found in only in Pennsylvania may merit higher priority for protection than populations with variation similar to that occurring in adjacent states. This bias for protection of distinct or “unique” populations based on genetic structure is a direct result of a general goal for conserving all elements of biodiversity, lineages, species, and within-species variation. Species occurrences in Pennsylvania that are extralimital or peripheral to the main species distribution and that are not genetically divergent may have lower priority for protection than peripheral species that are genetically “distinctive” from conspecific populations elsewhere.

The following preliminary list of Pennsylvania invertebrates was constructed with a definite bias for two uses of genetic data, that of species delimitation without which further genetics work is complicated, and an assessment of the distinctiveness of peripheral or disjunct populations that are issues for protection in Pennsylvania. The list considers all Pennsylvania species on conservation lists, including some that are not of special concern for conservation. This is obviously and most definitely a preliminary list of invertebrates with information needs in conservation genetics. Prioritizing research on conservation genetics in invertebrates should be part of a response to immediate needs of particular species in threatened habitats, or reflect the availability of tissues suitable for providing high integrity DNA for amplification and sequencing of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Availability of suitable tissues for this work is often the limiting step, and no survey should be conducted on endangered lineages (such as unionid bivalves) without a full awareness of the need to document DNA-source materials for future molecular analysis.

Some Pennsylvania Invertebrates With Issues Resolvable by Molecular Genetics

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Cambarus carolinus - A crayfish; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 2 Conservation Genetics: Primary needs are those of correct identification and species delimitation. See Cambarus dubius. Probable misidentification in PA of color forms of C. dubius.

Cambarus dubius - A crayfish; Rank: SNRG5. Conservation Genetics: As above, to confirm the species found in Pennsylvania which is almost certainly not the related but probably misidentified C. carolinus.

Cambarus sp. near acuminatus - A crayfish; Rank: Not listed.. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: A species just recently documented in Pennsylvania (D.A. Lieb and B. Blumberg). There are species status issues in a complex of several closely related species. This is either a named species occurring elsewhere, or a native undescribed species.

Cambarus monongalensis - A crayfish;

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Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Conservation Genetics: Variation between Pennsylvania and West Virginia populations may merit clarification as to species status.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Holomelina nigricans - An arctiid moth; Rank: SNRGH. TIER: Tier 1 Conservation Genetics: An extremely rare species that may have identification and status issues with respect to other related species. The genus was recently shown to be synonymous with the Neotropical genus Virbia (Zaspel and Weller, 2006). These authors do not refute species status for this taxon, and the matter may require further study.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Metarranthis sp. near duaria - Early metarranthis moth; Rank: S3G4. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: This is a large and extremely complex genus with confusing variation, tangled nomenclature, and several undescribed species of which this one from Pennsylvania (and elsewhere) is not described. The species is the only Pennsylvania one in the genus to fly in spring prior to mid-May, usually in late April.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Pyrgus wyandot - Appalachian grizzled skipper; Rank: S1G1. TIER: Tier 1 PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Conservation Genetics: Issues of importance include species status (possibly Holarctic, perhaps Nearctic) as well as disjunct population distinctiveness in Pennsylvania.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae Tolype notialis– A lasiocampid moth; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Conservation Genetics: The southern sister lineage to Tolype laricis, but the relationship is uncertain, therefore issues of species status and distinctiveness for Pennsylvania disjunct populations.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Chytonix ruperti; Rank: G3. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: A relatively minor species status issue clarifying relationship of this species with the closely related, perhaps synonymous C. sensilis.

Chytonix sensilis - A noctuid moth; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Conservation Genetics: As above. The biology and larval food of this species is unknown, but the closely related C. palliatricula feeds on fungi growing on wood substrates.

Elaphria cornutinis - A noctuid moth; Rank: SUG5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: A recently described species in a complex of three species, therefore historical records in Pennsylvania must be re-examined to determine which are true Elaphria cornutinis (see Saluke and Pogue, 2000) and which are Elaphria alapallida (see Pogue and Sullivan, 2003).

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Lithomoia solidaginis germana – A noctuid moth; Rank: S3T5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. L. germana is probably a distinct species from the European L. solidaginis.

Panthea sp. 1 - A moth; Rank: SUG4. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: This is a member of the Panthea furcilla complex in eastern North America, a complicated lineage of very similar species with larvae feeding on pine. The lineage requires revision and delimitation using molecular data..

Properigea sp. 1 - A noctuid moth; Rank: S1G2. TIER: Tier 1 Conservation Genetics: A species status issue involving distinctiveness and relationships of several disjunct populations in Pennsylvania. Possibly just eastern forms of Properigea costa, not a distinct species; relationships between highly disjunct populations in eastern US need study.

Renia sp. 1 nr. discoloralis - A noctuid moth; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Conservation Genetics: Molecular data should be used to corroborate distinction of separate species based on genitalia.

Sutyna privata privata; Rank: S3T5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Primarily species status issues; S. privata is probably a species distinct from S. teltowa and S. profunda, both now treated as subspecies. One of the latter names may be a synonym, and association of Pennsylvania populations is needed with those further north in New York and Ontario, as well as further west in Canada and the Rocky Mountain states.

Xestia elimata - Southern variable dart moth; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Species status and relationship issues. This is a valid species, but its synonymy and relationship with the very similar and often indistinguishable X. youngii requires study, as well as study of relationship to other Pennsylvania species, X. badicollis and X. praevia. Species is difficult to separate from large, syntopic forms of X. youngii.

Xestia youngii – Young’s blueberry dart; Rank: G5. Conservation Genetics: As above under X. elimata. This may be an upland, small form of X. elimata, or a distinct species.

Zale obliqua - A noctuid moth; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Belongs to a very confusing lineage of the genus Zale that exhibit bewildering variation in coloration and are often not easily distinguished genitalically. This lineages includes several species of special concern in eastern United States, and requires extensive revision and molecular study to resolve species status issues.

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Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae Papilio appalachiensis - Appalachian tiger swallowtail; Rank: SNRG4. TIER: Tier uncertain Conservation Genetics: A very recently recognized species now under study using molecular approaches; issues of species status and phylogeographic affinity with populations further south than Pennsylvania.

Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Margaritiferidae Margaritifera margaritifera - Eastern pearlshell; Rank: S1G4. TIER: Tier 2 Conservation Genetics: Genetic study needed to resolve the nature and distinctiveness of the southern disjunct populations in Pennsylvania.

Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Epioblasma torulosa rangiana - Northern riffleshell. Rank: S2T2. TIER: Tier 1 PA RESPONSIBILITY SPECIES Conservation Genetics: A polytypic species requiring molecular data to resolve species status issues for rangiana, and otherwise to establish distinctiveness of Pennsylvania populations in the upper Allegheny River drainage.

Quadrula fragosa - Winged mapleleaf. Rank: G1. TIER: Tier 1 Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Villosa iris - Rainbow; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda Conservation Genetics of Gastropods: In general for gastropods, species recognition and delimitation has been historically confined to conchological features (shell morphology) and much less rigorous, comparative work done with genitalia and other soft parts. It is well known that very similar shells may be possessed by taxa that are definitely not conspecific, and in some cases not even congeneric. Perhaps more so than any other group of invertebrates, gastropods need DNA-based assessment to facilitate identification and especially to delimit species that otherwise are hidden in non-distinctive shells, or represented solely by those shells in dry collections.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Discidae Anguispira cumberlandiana - Cumberland tigersnail. Rank: SNRG2. TIER: Tier 1 Conservation Genetics: Species status issues, and within-population variation.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicarionidae Euconulus chersinus - Wild hive; Rank: SNRG5. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Euconulus polygyratus - Fat hive; Rank: SNRG5.

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Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicodiscidae Helicodiscus notius - Tight coil; Rank: SNRG5. Conservation Genetics: Questionable validity of species.

Helicodiscus parallelus - Compound coil; Rank: SNRG5. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Punctidae Punctum vitreum - Glass spot; Rank: S2G5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Identification issues.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae Columella edentula - Toothless column; Rank: SNRG5. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues.

Columella simplex; Rank: S1G5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues.

Gastrocopta armifera - Armed snaggletooth; Rank: SNRG5. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Vertigo gouldi - Variable vertigo; Rank: S3G5. TIER: Tier 4 Conservation Genetics: Genetic variation issues and need for assessment of population distinctiveness.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Succineidae Succinea pennsylvanica - Penn ambersnail; Rank: SNRG1. TIER: Tier 1 Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Zonitidae Glyphyalinia wheatleyi - Bright glyph; Rank: SNRG5. Conservation Genetics: Genetic variation issues.

Hawaiia alachuana - Southeastern gem; Rank: SNRG4. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

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Without doubt, the single most important research focus for invertebrate conservation must be perpetual and comprehensive inventory. Inventory as broadly defined includes activities across the full spectrum of awareness for a particular set of taxa in a defined region. It includes the most basic confirmation of species presence in a region (requiring a single record of occurrence), depends heavily on baseline survey of the region (involving many specimens, many species, and many localities), requires targeted efforts for documenting specific lineages in specific habitats over time, and continues indefinitely as monitoring to confirm, refine, and update occurrence data first documented by presence/absence studies and baseline survey. An inventory becomes comprehensive by covering all species and all microhabitats that occur within the inventory region. For vertebrates and vascular plants, some closure or completeness may be attained for inventories after considerable effort; for the megadiverse groups of invertebrates (the larger insect orders such as Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera), it is best to aspire for comprehensive coverage, not require it, as some groups are intractable for identification even to specialists, and even well-known systems such as Pennsylvania contain many undescribed and, perhaps, still uncollected species.

The most intensive portion of the inventory process in any given region is baseline survey, because it requires the greatest amount of expertise which for invertebrates is often a limiting step. Baseline surveys are qualitative with respect to what species are present, but also must be quantitative with regard to information on abundance, demography, sex ratios, phenology, precise spatial distribution, and ecological dependencies (habitats and trophically associated species). Funding baseline survey is a serious necessity, but expectations for the products of those surveys should be rigorous and not just result in more lists of questionably determined species from strange places. Because of the diversity, small size, and complexity of many invertebrates, specimen- based (vouchered) documentation for baseline survey work is a necessity, and requires patience and understanding with managers who might be tempted to support cheaper, less accurate, and much less comprehensive efforts. Modern baseline survey also may wisely gather genetic information, from minimal DNA barcodes, to broader assessments of within-species genetic variation.

The last stage of the inventory process has no end and continues indefinitely as long as the species in question and the habitat being investigated exists. Simply stated, monitoring is forever. As for other stages of inventory, monitoring must be cost-effective, comprehensive, and be designed to rapidly inform conservation efforts, quickly provoking fact-finding and triggering management responses as necessary. Monitoring is a permanent process, and as for any maintenance activity must be implemented in stages to be sustainable and economically realistic. In Pennsylvania, for invertebrates, there currently is no viable overall monitoring strategy, because of lack of stewardship for terrestrial species, and complicated by independent efforts by multiple agencies and organizations for some species. What is required is an organized system for periodically checking as many species as possible on a schedule that will prevent some species from declining to the point of conservation concern without being noticed. Monitoring species of conservation concern may be more intensive and regular, but eventually all species in

94 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4 the system should be accounted for as present and reproducing. Monitoring is less intensive than survey or targeted efforts, but it should be designed to gather more information than just species presence, including new facts on all the factors determining conservation status: abundance, phenology, distribution, demography, habitat dependencies, and within-species genetic variation.

A lot of information on the presence and distribution of invertebrate species in Pennsylvania can be gathered with relatively little expense. This is best demonstrated by observing the results of recent survey work on various groups of insects. Some of the smaller orders, Odonata in particular, have benefited from many years of attention and collecting by a number of persons, such that the most recent checklist (D. Bogar, pers. comm.) has stabilized at 177 species with expectation for little change in the future. Other groups more difficult to identify and study have been successfully surveyed, such as Plecoptera with 133 species in Pennsylvania (Earle, 1994, 2004; Grubbs, 1996; Masteller, 1997), a number expected to increase slightly with continued sampling.

Especially instructive are recent efforts to provide presence/absence data for species in diverse, systematically difficult lineages not previously well-studied in Pennsylvania. Three detailed examples are given below in Tables 1-3, each providing information on major lineages in Pennsylvania. The first results from a statewide, comprehensive inventory on the largest family of true flies, the crane flies or Tipulidae (Young and Gelhaus, 2000). It contains information from recent fieldwork, and in that regard contrasts with the second survey focusing on ground beetles (Carabidae via R. L. Davidson, Carnegie Museum of Natural History). That effort documents information only from the literature and from the larger Pennsylvania collections (Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia; Frost Museum, Pennsylvania State University). Finally, the remarkable documentation that even a single collection can deliver on presence/absence is demonstrated with a partial review of the Diptera (true fly) collection at Carnegie Museum. Combined, these three efforts add a total of 1,656 species to the state list of species qualifying for conservation review, only a dozen or so already on conservation lists for the state. The number of invertebrate species documented here exceeds the total of all invertebrates currently on conservation lists regardless of rank (1,324) and should emphasize the rapidity with which a solid foundation for a complete listing of Pennsylvania invertebrates could be built, the first step toward a truly comprehensive conservation strategy in the Commonwealth.

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9.4.1 Comprehensive Inventory Of A Major Aquatic Lineage (Diptera: Tipulidae)

Table 5.1 on the following pages itemizes 307 species of crane flies as occurring in Pennsylvania according to survey efforts by C. Young and J. Gelhaus (base data for this table from Young and Gelhaus, 2000, supplemented by many new records from C. W. Young). This research was made possible in part by funding from the Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Program, with additional support from the Section of Invertebrate Zoology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Of the 307 Pennsylvania species documented in this survey, 43 percent or 133 species are known from two or fewer counties or two or fewer specimens, therefore are prioritized for status evaluation in the future. As fieldwork continues for these species, many will be found to be more widespread or abundant, and most of the 135 species will not be priorities for status evaluation. However, a few species that seem more abundant in this table, may fail to be documented again in continuing field studies, and may themselves become priorities for status evaluation.

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TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE Tipulidae of Pennsylvania - Qualifying Species for Conservation Status Evaluation

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation Total Pennsylvania Species Qualified 307

Species Prioritized for Status Evaluation 133 Percentage of Species Prioritized for Status Evaluation 43.3% Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Antocha (Antocha) obtusa 1 1 1.00 X

Antocha (Antocha) opalizans 7 11 1.57

Antocha (Antocha) saxicola 10 13 1.30

Atarba (Atarba) picticornis 7 11 1.57

Austrolimnophila (Austrolimnophila) toxoneura 15 29 1.93

Brachypremna dispellens 1 1 1.00 X

Cheilotrichia (Empeda) stigmatica 8 13 1.63

Chionea scita 8 10 1.25

Cladura flavoferruginea 22 57 2.59

Cryptolabis (Cryptolabis) paradoxa 1 1 1.00 X

Ctenophora (Ctenophora) apicata 5 6 1.20

Ctenophora (Ctenophora) nubecula 2 2 1.00 X

Ctenophora (Tanyptera) dorsalis 8 19 2.38

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) cubitalis 1 1 1.00 X

Dactylolabis (Dactylolabis) montana 3 4 1.33

Dicranoptycha (Dicranoptycha) germana 1 1 1.00 X

Dicranoptycha (Dicranoptycha) septemtrionis 2 3 1.50

Dicranoptycha (Dicranoptycha) sobrina 3 3 1.00

Dicranoptycha (Dicranoptycha) tennessa 3 3 1.00

Dicranoptycha (Dicranoptycha) winnemana 1 1 1.00 X

Dicranota (Dicranota) noveboracensis 1 1 1.00 X

Dicranota (Eudicranota) pallida 3 4 1.33

Dicranota (Paradicranota) eucera 2 2 1.00 X

Dicranota (Paradicranota) rivularis 1 1 1.00 X

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabina) flaveola 1 1 1.00 X

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) cayuga 2 2 1.00 X

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) persimilis 1 1 1.00 X

Dicranota (Rhaphidolabis) tenuipes 1 1 1.00 X

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TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Dolichopeza (Dolichopeza) americana 7 10 1.43 Dolichopeza (Oropeza) carolus 17 25 1.47 Dolichopeza (Oropeza) johnsonella 4 5 1.25 Dolichopeza (Oropeza) obscura 13 20 1.54 Dolichopeza (Oropeza) polita 2 4 2.00 Dolichopeza (Oropeza) sayi 1 1 1.00 X Dolichopeza (Oropeza) similis 2 2 1.00 X Dolichopeza (Oropeza) subalbipes 2 3 1.50 Dolichopeza (Oropeza) subvenosa 1 1 1.00 X Dolichopeza (Oropeza) tridenticulata 10 15 1.50 Dolichopeza (Oropeza) venosa 2 2 1.00 X Dolichopeza (Oropeza) walleyi 6 10 1.67 Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) westwoodi 18 35 1.94 Epiphragma (Epiphragma) fasciapennis 26 60 2.31 Epiphragma (Epiphragma) solatrix 12 31 2.58 Erioptera (Erioptera) chlorophylla 4 5 1.25 Erioptera (Erioptera) chlorophylloides 2 2 1.00 X Erioptera (Erioptera) furcifera 2 2 1.00 X Erioptera (Erioptera) megophthalma 4 5 1.25 Erioptera (Erioptera) septemtrionis 20 35 1.75 Erioptera (Erioptera) straminea 2 2 1.00 X Erioptera (Erioptera) vespertina 2 2 1.00 X Erioptera (Erioptera) villosa 1 1 1.00 X Erioptera (Hoplolabis) armata 8 10 1.25 Erioptera (Ilisia) armillaris 1 1 1.00 X Erioptera (Ilisia) graphica 1 1 1.00 X Erioptera (Ilisia) venusta 12 24 2.00 Erioptera (Mesocyphona) caliptera 17 31 1.82 Erioptera (Mesocyphona) needhami 5 7 1.40 Erioptera (Mesocyphona) parva 4 4 1.00 Erioptera (Psiloconopa) lucia 1 1 1.00 X Erioptera (Symplecta) cana 10 19 1.90 Erioptera (Teucherioptera) chrysocoma 1 1 1.00 X Erioptera (Trimicra) pilipes 1 1 1.00 X Gnophomyia (Gnophomyia) tristissima 12 20 1.67 Gonomyia (Gonomyia) currani 3 4 1.33 Gonomyia (Gonomyia) subcinerea 10 15 1.50 98 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Gonomyia (Idiocera) blanda 1 2 2.00 X Gonomyia (Idiocera) mathesoni 1 1 1.00 X Gonomyia (Lipophleps) manca 2 2 1.00 X Gonomyia (Lipophleps) sacandaga 1 1 1.00 X Gonomyia (Lipophleps) sulphurella 5 5 1.00 Helius (Helius) flavipes 8 11 1.38 Hexatoma (Eriocera) austera 1 3 3.00 X Hexatoma (Eriocera) 7 7 1.00 Hexatoma (Eriocera) brevioricornis 2 3 1.50 Hexatoma (Eriocera) cinerea 2 2 1.00 X Hexatoma (Eriocera) fuliginosa 2 2 1.00 X Hexatoma (Eriocera) longicornis 1 1 1.00 X Hexatoma (Eriocera) spinosa 6 8 1.33 Leptotarsus (Longurio) testaceus 3 5 1.67 Limnophila (Dicranophragma) angustula 4 5 1.25 X Limnophila (Dicranophragma) fuscovaria 12 27 2.25 Limnophila (Eloeophila) aprilina 3 3 1.00 Limnophila (Eloeophila) johnsoni 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Eloeophila) solstitialis 5 6 1.20 Limnophila (Eutonia) alleni 2 3 1.50 Limnophila (Eutonia) marchandi 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Idiolimnophila) emmelina 2 2 1.00 X Limnophila (Idioptera) fasciolata 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Lasiomastix) macrocera 8 13 1.63 Limnophila (Lasiomastix) subtenuicornis 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Lasiomastix) tenuicornis 4 4 1.00 Limnophila (Limnophila) albipes 1 2 2.00 X Limnophila (Limnophila) brevifurca 3 3 1.00 Limnophila (Phylidorea) adusta 7 8 1.14 Limnophila (Phylidorea) adustoides 3 5 1.67 Limnophila (Phylidorea) auripennis 6 6 1.00 Limnophila (Phylidorea) caudifera 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Phylidorea) consimilis 2 2 1.00 X Limnophila (Phylidorea) fratria 7 7 1.00 Limnophila (Phylidorea) lutea 6 6 1.00 Limnophila (Phylidorea) luteola 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Phylidorea) novaeangliae 1 1 1.00 X 99 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Limnophila (Phylidorea) platyphallus 4 6 1.50 Limnophila (Phylidorea) similis 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Phylidorea) subcostata 2 2 1.00 X Limnophila (Prionolabis) munda 3 3 1.00 Limnophila (Prionolabis) mundoides 1 1 1.00 X Limnophila (Prionolabis) rufibasis 19 40 2.11 Limnophila (Prionolabis) walleyi 4 5 1.25 Limonia (Dicranomyia) brevivena 3 3 1.00 Limonia (Dicranomyia) brevivenula 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) distans 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) divisa 4 4 1.00 Limonia (Dicranomyia) floridana 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) fusca 7 8 1.14 Limonia (Dicranomyia) gladiator 3 3 1.00 Limonia (Dicranomyia) globithorax 3 3 1.00 Limonia (Dicranomyia) halterata 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) halterella 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) humidicola 5 6 1.20 Limonia (Dicranomyia) immodesta 3 4 1.33 Limonia (Dicranomyia) immodestoides 2 2 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) isabellina 2 2 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) liberta 12 19 1.58 Limonia (Dicranomyia) longipennis 3 3 1.00 Limonia (Dicranomyia) macateei 5 5 1.00 Limonia (Dicranomyia) pudica 5 7 1.40 Limonia (Dicranomyia) sphagnicola 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Dicranomyia) stulta 2 4 2.00 Limonia (Dicranomyia) uliginosa 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Discobola) annulata 18 44 2.44 Limonia (Geranomyia) canadensis 3 3 1.00 Limonia (Geranomyia) communis 4 6 1.50 Limonia (Geranomyia) distincta 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Geranomyia) diversa 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Geranomyia) rostrata 6 6 1.00 Limonia (Limonia) badia 3 3 1.00 Limonia (Limonia) indigena 17 39 2.29 Limonia (Limonia) maculicosta 1 1 1.00 X 100 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Limonia (Limonia) parietina 8 17 2.13 Limonia (Limonia) sociabilis 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Limonia) tristigma 6 6 1.00 Limonia (Melanolimonia) spinifera 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Metalimnobia) annulus 1 1 1.00 X Limonia (Metalimnobia) cinctipes 9 19 2.11 Limonia (Metalimnobia) fallax 6 6 1.00 Limonia (Metalimnobia) hudsonica 5 8 1.60 Limonia (Metalimnobia) immatura 27 54 2.00 Limonia (Metalimnobia) novaeangliae 3 7 2.33 Limonia (Metalimnobia) triocellata 16 32 2.00 Limonia (Neolimonia) rara 6 9 1.50 Limonia (Rhipidia) bryanti 5 5 1.00 Limonia (Rhipidia) domestica 2 2 1.00 X Limonia (Rhipidia) fidelis 5 7 1.40 Limonia (Rhipidia) lecontei 22 67 3.05 Limonia (Rhipidia) shannoni 1 1 1.00 X Limonia defuncta 1 2 2.00 X Limonia simulans 2 2 1.00 X Liogma nodicornis 7 8 1.14 Molophilus (Molophilus) cramptoni 4 7 1.75 Molophilus (Molophilus) forcipulus 1 1 1.00 X Molophilus (Molophilus) fultonensis 2 2 1.00 X Molophilus (Molophilus) heterocerus 1 1 1.00 X Molophilus (Molophilus) hirtipennis 7 7 1.00 Molophilus (Molophilus) huron 1 2 2.00 X Molophilus (Molophilus) novacaesariensis 1 1 1.00 X Molophilus (Molophilus) pubipennis 3 3 1.00 Neocladura delicatula 9 10 1.11 Neolimnophila ultima 3 3 1.00 Nephrotoma alterna 11 21 1.91 Nephrotoma breviorcornis 2 2 1.00 X Nephrotoma calinota 1 1 1.00 X Nephrotoma cingulata 4 5 1.25 Nephrotoma cornifera 1 1 1.00 X Nephrotoma eucera 7 10 1.43 Nephrotoma euceroides 2 2 1.00 X 101 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Nephrotoma ferruginea 24 50 2.08 Nephrotoma gracilicornis 2 2 1.00 X Nephrotoma lugens 1 1 1.00 X Nephrotoma macrocera 9 13 1.44 Nephrotoma pedunculata 5 5 1.00 Nephrotoma polymera 2 4 2.00 Nephrotoma sodalis 2 2 1.00 X Nephrotoma sphagnicola 2 2 1.00 X Nephrotoma subalterna 1 1 1.00 X Nephrotoma tenuis 8 14 1.75 Nephrotoma urocera 1 1 1.00 X Nephrotoma virescens 10 27 2.70 Ormoisa (Scleroprocta) innocens 2 2 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) affinis 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) arcuata 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) bilineata 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) hubbelli 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) ingloria 4 6 1.50 Ormosia (Ormosia) ithacana 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) luteola 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) megacera 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) meigenii 2 2 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) monticola 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) nigripila 5 5 1.00 Ormosia (Ormosia) palpalis 2 2 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) perplexa 1 1 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) pygmaea 2 2 1.00 X Ormosia (Ormosia) romanovichiana 12 19 1.58 Ormosia (Ormosia) rubella 5 10 2.00 Ormosia (Ormosia) serridens 2 3 1.50 Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) cayuga 1 1 1.00 X Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) minuta 1 1 1.00 X Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) pleuralis 1 1 1.00 X Pedicia (Pedicia) albivitta 25 60 2.40 Pedicia (Pedicia) margarita 4 10 2.50 Pedicia (Pedicia) procteriana 7 13 1.86 Pedicia (Pentacyphona) autumnalis 7 21 3.00 102 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Pedicia (Tricyphona) auripennis 1 1 1.00 X Pedicia (Tricyphona) calcar 9 26 2.89 Pedicia (Tricyphona) constans 1 1 1.00 X Pedicia (Tricyphona) inconstans 28 66 2.36 Pedicia (Tricyphona) katahdin 2 2 1.00 X Pedicia (Tricyphona) paludicola 1 1 1.00 X Pedicia (Tricyphona) vernalis 3 4 1.33 Phalacrocera neoxena 1 1 1.00 X Phalacrocera tipulina 1 1 1.00 X Pilaria imbecilla 7 8 1.14 Pilaria quadrata 4 5 1.25 Pilaria recondita 5 5 1.00 Pilaria stanwoodae 1 1 1.00 X Pilaria tenuipes 13 15 1.15 Pilaria vermontana 1 1 1.00 X Prolimnophila areolata 11 19 1.73 Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) contempta 5 6 1.20 Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) inornata 2 2 1.00 X Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) luteipennis 11 18 1.64 Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila) noveboracensis 1 1 1.00 X Shannonomyia congenita 2 2 1.00 X Shannonomyia lenta 16 26 1.63 Teucholabis (Teucholabis) complexa 4 6 1.50 Tipula (Angarotipula) illustris 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Arctotipula) williamsiana 4 6 1.50 Tipula (Beringotipula) borealis 19 25 1.32 Tipula (Beringotipula) helderbergensis 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Beringotipula) inclusa 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Lindnerina) senega 12 30 2.50 Tipula (Lunatipula) apicalis 7 11 1.57 Tipula (Lunatipula) bicornis 20 38 1.90 Tipula (Lunatipula) disjuncta 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Lunatipula) duplex 24 53 2.21 Tipula (Lunatipula) flavibasis 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Lunatipula) fuliginosa 19 30 1.58 Tipula (Lunatipula) georgiana 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Lunatipula) johnsoniana 3 3 1.00 103 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Tipula (Lunatipula) mallochi 12 31 2.58 Tipula (Lunatipula) monticola 13 21 1.62 Tipula (Lunatipula) morrisoni 2 2 1.00 X Tipula (Lunatipula) submaculata 24 47 1.96 Tipula (Lunatipula) translucida 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Nippotipula) abdominalis 24 48 2.00 Tipula (Nippotipula) metacomet 4 4 1.00 Tipula (Nobilotipula) collaris 8 12 1.50 Tipula (Nobilotipula) nobilis 6 7 1.17 Tipula (Platytipula) hugginsi 3 3 1.00 Tipula (Platytipula) paterifera 10 14 1.40 Tipula (Platytipula) spenceriana 2 2 1.00 X Tipula (Platytipula) ultima 21 49 2.33 Tipula (Pterelachisus) angulata 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Pterelachisus) entomophthorae 9 21 2.33 Tipula (Pterelachisus) margarita 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Pterelachisus) penobscot 3 3 1.00 Tipula (Pterelachisus) trivittata 24 50 2.08 Tipula (Savtshenkia) fragilis 13 32 2.46 Tipula (Savtshenkia) ignobilis 3 3 1.00 Tipula (Schummelia) annulicornis 2 2 1.00 X Tipula (Schummelia) friendi 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Schummelia) hermannia 17 24 1.41 Tipula (Trichotipula) oropezoides 3 3 1.00 Tipula (Trichotipula) stonei 3 6 2.00 Tipula (Trichotipula) unimaculata 3 3 1.00 Tipula (Triplicitipula) colei 3 4 1.33 Tipula (Triplicitipula) flavoumbrosa 2 2 1.00 X Tipula (Triplicitipula) hirsuta 11 25 2.27 Tipula (Triplicitipula) perlongipes 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Triplicitipula) triplex 2 2 1.00 X Tipula (Triplicitipula) undulata 1 1 1.00 X Tipula (Triplicitipula) valida 20 32 1.60 Tipula (Vestiplex) longiventris 17 47 2.76 Tipula (Yamatotipula) aprilina 3 3 1.00 Tipula (Yamatotipula) caloptera 12 15 1.25 Tipula (Yamatotipula) calopteroides 1 1 1.00 X 104 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.1 TIPULIDAE, cont. Sites/ Prioritized NAME COUNTIES SITES County for Evaluation

Tipula (Yamatotipula) cayuga 4 6 1.50 Tipula (Yamatotipula) concava 5 6 1.20 Tipula (Yamatotipula) concave 3 4 1.33 Tipula (Yamatotipula) dejecta 6 9 1.50 Tipula (Yamatotipula) eluta 6 6 1.00 Tipula (Yamatotipula) fraterna 2 2 1.00 X Tipula (Yamatotipula) furca 23 46 2.00 Tipula (Yamatotipula) iroquois 3 3 1.00 Tipula (Yamatotipula) jacobus 8 10 1.25 Tipula (Yamatotipula) noveboracensis 6 8 1.33 Tipula (Yamatotipula) sayi 24 42 1.75 Tipula (Yamatotipula) strepens 10 15 1.50 Tipula (Yamatotipula) tephrocephala 13 17 1.31 Tipula (Yamatotipula) tricolor 15 23 1.53 Toxorhina muliebris 2 2 1.00 X Ula elegans 4 5 1.25 Ula longicornis 1 1 1.00 X Ula paupera 13 23 1.77 Ulomorpha pilosella 5 5 1.00 Ulomorpha rogersella 1 1 1.00 X

105 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

9.4.2 Collection-Based Inventory Of A Major Terrestrial Indicator Lineage (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Table 5.2 on the following pages itemizes 676 species of Carabidae in Pennsylvania and surrounding states. 141 of those species are currently known only from adjacent states, but perhaps half of those will eventually be documented here. This unpublished inventory work by R. L. Davidson (Carnegie Museum of Natural History) is based solely on literature records, Carnegie Museum databases, and specimen collections at the larger entomological institutions in Pennsylvania. This research was made possible in part by funding from the Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Program, with additional support from the Section of Invertebrate Zoology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. As currently treated, the traditional family Cicindelidae (tiger beetles) is included as a subfamily of Carabidae, the Cicindelinae.

Of the 535 Pennsylvania ground beetles documented in this survey, 164 species (30.7%) are known from two or fewer counties, and are priorities for evaluation of conservation status in the future. Every county in Pennsylvania has at least one documented carabid species, and one common and conspicuous tiger beetle, Cicindela sexguttata, was documented from 42 counties. When additional fieldwork involving these tentative priority species begins, many will be confirmed as more abundant and widespread, and only a few will continue to be priorities for status evaluation or will be ranked as species of special concern. A few species on these lists are historically abundant, but if future fieldwork fails to document their persistence, they may also be ranked as special concern taxa. Continuing research by Davidson seeks to carefully document habitat associations of as many species as possible. This is a group of worldwide importance for use as an indicator cohort to assess the structure, function and “health” of ecosystems. This example demonstrates the utility of systematic collections that are authoritatively identified and contain specimens with detailed locality data. The majority of such collections on Pennsylvania invertebrates remains unexamined and unavailable for conservation needs, and should be a priority for data capture as here demonstrated.

One carabid species not included on this checklist is an undescribed cave beetle, Pseudanophthalmus sp., which is known from very few specimens in a cave in Fayette County (R. L. Davidson, pers. comm..). Not included on any conservation lists, this species may now be extinct, or it may occur more widely in small caves in that region. It belongs to a genus which contains many named species ranked as G1 by the Heritage Network, and some listed under US Endangered Species Act in other states. This species, not even mentioned on Pennsylvania lists, is a good example of how undescribed rarity can slip by unnoticed without comprehensive inventory by appropriate specialists.

106 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.2 CARABIDAE OF PENNSYLVANIA Pennsylvania Ground Beetles - Qualifying Species for Status Evaluation

535 Pennsylvania Species 164 Prioritized for Status Review 141 Only in Neighboring States 30.7% Percent of known PA species

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation alternans 2 Specimens X Acupalpus canadensis 1 Specimens X Acupalpus carus 8 Specimens Acupalpus hydropicus 5 Specimens Acupalpus indistinctus 8 Specimens Acupalpus nanellus 1 Specimens X Acupalpus partiarius 3 Specimens Acupalpus pauperculus 19 Specimens Acupalpus pumilus 6 Specimens Acupalpus rectangulus 4 Specimens Acupalpus testaceus 8 Specimens Agonum aeruginosum 12 Specimens Agonum affine Neighbors Only Agonum albicrus 2 Specimens X Agonum anchomenoides 7 Specimens Agonum basale 1 Specimens X Agonum canadense 5 Specimens Agonum collare At least 1 Checklist X Agonum crenistriatum 7 Specimens Agonum cupripenne 21 Specimens Agonum darlingtoni 1 Specimens X Agonum decorum 13 Specimens Agonum errans 2 Specimens X Agonum excavatum 18 Specimens Agonum extensicolle 33 Specimens Agonum ferreum 16 Specimens Agonum fidele 21 Specimens Agonum galvestonicum 1 Specimens X Agonum gratiosum 13 Specimens Agonum harrisii 6 Specimens Agonum lutulentum 8 Specimens Agonum melanarium 22 Specimens Agonum metallescens Neighbors Only Agonum moerens 3 Specimens Agonum muelleri 15 Specimens Agonum mutatum 5 Specimens

107 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Agonum nigriceps At least 1 Checklist X Agonum nutans 8 Specimens Agonum octopunctatum 11 Specimens Agonum pallipes Neighbors Only Agonum palustre 14 Specimens Agonum placidum 37 Specimens Agonum propinquum 1 Specimens X Agonum punctiforme 16 Specimens Agonum quadrimaculatum Neighbors Only Agonum retractum 11 Specimens Agonum rigidulum Neighbors Only Agonum rufipes 3 Specimens Agonum sordens 1 Specimens X Agonum striatopunctatum At least 1 Checklist X Agonum tenue 14 Specimens Agonum thoreyi 5 Specimens Agonum trigeminum 2 Specimens X Amara aenea 25 Specimens Amara aeneopolita Neighbors Only Amara alpina Neighbors Only Amara angustata 10 Specimens Amara angustatoides 3 Specimens Amara anthobia Neighbors Only Amara apricaria 5 Specimens Amara avida 6 Specimens Amara basillaris 2 Specimens X Amara carinata Neighbors Only Amara chalcea 1 Specimens X Amara convexa 2 Specimens X Amara crassispina 3 Specimens Amara cupreolata 10 Specimens Amara exarata 12 Specimens Amara familiaris 16 Specimens Amara flebilis 4 Specimens Amara gibba Neighbors Only Amara impuncticollis 12 Specimens Amara laevipennis 1 Specimens X Amara latior 2 Specimens X Amara littorallis 8 Specimens Amara lunicollis 7 Specimens Amara musculis 2 Specimens X Amara obesa 2 Specimens X 108 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Amara otiosa 1 Specimens X Amara ovata 3 Specimens Amara pallipes At least 1 Checklist X Amara patruelis 3 Specimens Amara pennsylvanica 4 Specimens Amara quenseli 1 Specimens X Amara rubrica 4 Specimens Amara sinuosa Neighbors Only Amara turbata 1 Specimens X Amara volatilis Neighbors Only Amblygnathus iripennis Neighbors Only Amblygnathus mexicanus At least 1 Checklist X Amerinus linearis 1 Specimens X Amphasia interstitialis 30 Specimens Amphasia sericea 27 Specimens Anatrichis minuta Neighbors Only Anillinus barberi Neighbors Only Anillinus virginiae Neighbors Only agricola 7 Specimens Anisodactylus caenus 4 Specimens Anisodactylus carbonarius 14 Specimens Anisodactylus discoideus 19 Specimens Anisodactylus dulcicollis Neighbors Only Anisodactylus furvus 1 Specimens X Anisodactylus haplomus Neighbors Only Anisodactylus harrisii 21 Specimens Anisodactylus kirbyi 12 Specimens Anisodactylus laetus 1 Specimens X Anisodactylus melanopus 26 Specimens Anisodactylus merula 1 Specimens X Anisodactylus nigerrimus 38 Specimens Anisodactylus nigrita 11 Specimens Anisodactylus ovularis 5 Specimens Anisodactylus pseudagricola 3 Specimens Anisodactylus rusticus 26 Specimens Anisodactylus sanctaecrucis 23 Specimens Anisodactylus verticalis 5 Specimens Apenes lucidulus 10 Specimens Apenes sinuatus 5 Specimens Apristus latens 2 Specimens X Apristus subsulcatus 7 Specimens Ardistomis obliquatus Neighbors Only 109 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Asaphidion curtum Neighbors Only Aspidoglossa subangulata 1 Specimens X Atranus pubescens 15 Specimens Axinopalpus biplagiatus At least 1 Checklist X Badister flavipes 5 Specimens Badister grandiceps 3 Specimens Badister maculatus At least 1 Checklist X Badister neopulchellus 10 Specimens Badister notatus 14 Specimens Badister ocularis 4 Specimens Badister parviceps 1 Specimens X Badister reflexus 4 Specimens Badister transversus 3 Specimens Bembidion "bellorum" 1 Specimens X Bembidion "iridipenne" 1 Specimens X Bembidion "rothfelsi" 1 Specimens X Bembidion acticola 1 Specimens X Bembidion affine 27 Specimens Bembidion americanum 14 Specimens Bembidion antiquum 7 Specimens Bembidion basicorne 7 Specimens Bembidion bifossulatum 1 Specimens X Bembidion carinula Neighbors Only Bembidion carolinense Neighbors Only Bembidion castor 14 Specimens Bembidion chalceum 7 Specimens Bembidion concolor Neighbors Only Bembidion concretum 2 Specimens X Bembidion confusum 4 Specimens Bembidion constrictum Neighbors Only Bembidion contractum At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion cordatum 1 Specimens X Bembidion coxendix 2 Specimens X Bembidion dorsale Neighbors Only Bembidion fortestriatum 1 Specimens X Bembidion frontale 8 Specimens Bembidion fugax 7 Specimens Bembidion graciliforme 7 Specimens Bembidion grapii At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion honestum 6 Specimens Bembidion immaturum Neighbors Only Bembidion impotens 18 Specimens 110 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Bembidion inaequale 15 Specimens Bembidion incrematum At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion intermedium 1 Specimens X Bembidion lacunarium 18 Specimens Bembidion levettei Neighbors Only Bembidion levigatum At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion mimus 15 Specimens Bembidion muscicola 2 Specimens X Bembidion mutatum Neighbors Only Bembidion nigripes At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion nigrum 21 Specimens Bembidion nitidum Neighbors Only Bembidion oberthueri 3 Specimens Bembidion obscurellum 1 Specimens X Bembidion obtusum 7 Specimens Bembidion occultator At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion patruele 24 Specimens Bembidion pedicellatum 8 Specimens Bembidion petrosum 2 Specimens X Bembidion plagiatum 2 Specimens X Bembidion planum 13 Specimens Bembidion postremum 3 Specimens Bembidion praticola Neighbors Only Bembidion pseudocautum 2 Specimens X Bembidion punctatostriatum 3 Specimens Bembidion quadratulum Neighbors Only Bembidion quadrimaculatum oppositum 20 Specimens Bembidion rapidum 23 Specimens Bembidion rolandi 5 Specimens Bembidion rufotinctum At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion rupicola 1 Specimens X Bembidion rusticum 1 Specimens X Bembidion salebratum At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion scopulinum At least 1 Checklist X Bembidion semicinctum 4 Specimens Bembidion semistriatum 6 Specimens Bembidion simplex 7 Specimens Bembidion stephensii Neighbors Only Bembidion tetracolum 12 Specimens Bembidion texanum Neighbors Only Bembidion transparens 2 Specimens X Bembidion transversale Neighbors Only 111 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Bembidion variegatum 9 Specimens Bembidion versicolor 17 Specimens Bembidion versutum 3 Specimens Bembidion viridicolle 1 Specimens X Bembidion vividum Neighbors Only Bembidion wingatei 2 Specimens X Blemus discus 3 Specimens Blethisa julii Neighbors Only Blethisa multipunctata At least 1 Checklist X Blethisa quadricollis 1 Specimens X Brachinus adustipennis Neighbors Only Brachinus alternans 1 Specimens X Brachinus americanus 3 Specimens Brachinus cordicollis 13 Specimens Brachinus cyanipennis 18 Specimens Brachinus cyanochroaticus 3 Specimens Brachinus fulminatus 4 Specimens Brachinus fumans 19 Specimens Brachinus janthinipennis 8 Specimens Brachinus kansanus Neighbors Only Brachinus kavanaughi Neighbors Only Brachinus medius 2 Specimens X Brachinus ovipennis 4 Specimens Brachinus patruelis Neighbors Only Brachinus quadripennis 1 Specimens X Brachinus rugipennis 3 Specimens Brachinus tenuicollis Neighbors Only Brachinus texanus Neighbors Only Brachinus vulcanoides Neighbors Only Bradycellus atrimedeus 8 Specimens Bradycellus badipennis 12 Specimens Bradycellus congener Neighbors Only Bradycellus insulsus 1 Specimens X Bradycellus kirbyi 5 Specimens Bradycellus lecontei 2 Specimens X Bradycellus lugubris 9 Specimens Bradycellus neglectus 3 Specimens Bradycellus nigriceps 15 Specimens Bradycellus nigrinus 10 Specimens Bradycellus rupestris 22 Specimens Bradycellus semipubescens Neighbors Only Bradycellus supplex Neighbors Only 112 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Bradycellus tantillus 16 Specimens Calathus advena Neighbors Only Calathus gregarius 30 Specimens Calathus ingratus Neighbors Only Calathus opaculus 6 Specimens Calleida punctata 15 Specimens Calleida purpurea 2 Specimens X Calleida viridipennis 7 Specimens Calosoma calidum 11 Specimens Calosoma externum 3 Specimens Calosoma frigidum 18 Specimens Calosoma sayi 2 Specimens X Calosoma scrutator 17 Specimens Calosoma sycophanta 3 Specimens Calosoma wilcoxi 12 Specimens Carabus goryi 28 Specimens Carabus maeander At least 1 Checklist X Carabus nemoralis 4 Specimens Carabus serratus 17 Specimens Carabus sylvosus 6 Specimens Carabus vinctus 14 Specimens Chlaenius aestivus 15 Specimens Chlaenius augustus Neighbors Only Chlaenius brevilabris brevilabris 13 Specimens Chlaenius cordicollis 12 Specimens Chlaenius emarginatus 31 Specimens Chlaenius erythropus 3 Specimens Chlaenius impunctifrons 16 Specimens Chlaenius laticollis 5 Specimens Chlaenius lithophilus lithophilus 10 Specimens Chlaenius nemoralis 14 Specimens Chlaenius niger 3 Specimens Chlaenius pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus 19 Specimens Chlaenius platyderus 4 Specimens Chlaenius prasinus 5 Specimens Chlaenius purpuricollis purpuricollis 1 Specimens X Chlaenius pusillus 7 Specimens Chlaenius sericeus sericeus 26 Specimens Chlaenius solitarius 2 Specimens X Chlaenius tomentosus 10 Specimens Chlaenius tricolor 38 Specimens Cicindela abdominalis At least 1 Checklist X 113 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Cicindela ancocisconensis 3 Specimens Cicindela cuprascens Neighbors Only Cicindela cursitans Neighbors Only Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis At least 1 Checklist X Cicindela duodecimguttata duodecimguttata 12 Specimens Cicindela formosa generosa 1 Specimens X Cicindela hirticollis hirticollis 2 Specimens X Cicindela lepida At least 1 Checklist X Cicindela limbalis 8 Specimens Cicindela longilabris Neighbors Only Cicindela macra Neighbors Only Cicindela marginata Neighbors Only Cicindela marginipennis 3 Specimens Cicindela patruela patruela 12 Specimens Cicindela punctulata punctulata 27 Specimens Cicindela puritana Neighbors Only Cicindela purpurea purpurea 16 Specimens Cicindela repanda repanda 14 Specimens Cicindela rufiventris rufiventris 18 Specimens Cicindela scutellaris lecontei At least 1 Checklist X Cicindela scutellaris rugifrons 1 Specimens X Cicindela sexguttata 42 Specimens Cicindela splendida At least 1 Checklist X Cicindela tranquebarica tranquebarica 13 Specimens Cicindela trifasciata ascendens Neighbors Only Cicindela unipunctata 3 Specimens Clinidium apertum alleghiense 2 Specimens X Clinidium baldufi 5 Specimens Clinidium rosenbergi 3 Specimens Clinidium sculptile 7 Specimens Clinidium valentinei 2 Specimens X Clivina americana 16 Specimens Clivina bipustulata 35 Specimens Clivina collaris Neighbors Only Clivina dentipes 7 Specimens Clivina ferrea Neighbors Only Clivina fossor 1 Specimens X Clivina impressefrons 29 Specimens Clivina pallida 2 Specimens X Clivina rubicunda Neighbors Only Clivina rufa Neighbors Only Clivina striatopunctata Neighbors Only 114 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Colliuris ludoviciana At least 1 Checklist X Colliuris pensylvanica 36 Specimens Coptodera aerata 7 Specimens Cratacanthus dubius 4 Specimens Cyclotrachelus approximatus At least 1 Checklist X Cyclotrachelus convivus 4 Specimens Cyclotrachelus freitagi Neighbors Only Cyclotrachelus fucatus 3 Specimens Cyclotrachelus furtivus 16 Specimens Cyclotrachelus incisus 2 Specimens X Cyclotrachelus iuvenis Neighbors Only Cyclotrachelus seximpressus 1 Specimens X Cyclotrachelus sigillatus 11 Specimens Cyclotrachelus sodalis sodalis 9 Specimens Cymindis americanus 13 Specimens Cymindis borealis 1 Specimens X Cymindis complanatus Neighbors Only Cymindis cribricollis 7 Specimens Cymindis elegans Neighbors Only Cymindis limbatus 27 Specimens Cymindis neglectus 9 Specimens Cymindis pilosus 7 Specimens Cymindis platicollis 26 Specimens Dicaelus ambiguus 5 Specimens Dicaelus dilatatus 24 Specimens Dicaelus elongatus 20 Specimens Dicaelus furvus 19 Specimens Dicaelus politus 23 Specimens Dicaelus purpuratus 4 Specimens Dicaelus sculptilis 5 Specimens Dicaelus teter 20 Specimens Dicheirotrichus cognatus At least 1 Checklist X Diplochaetus lecontei Neighbors Only Diplocheila assimilis 1 Specimens X Diplocheila impressicollis 3 Specimens Diplocheila major 4 Specimens Diplocheila obtusa 8 Specimens Diplocheila striatopunctata 3 Specimens Diplous rugicollis 2 Specimens X Discoderus parallelus At least 1 Checklist X Dromius piceus 29 Specimens Dyschirius affinis 2 Specimens X 115 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Dyschirius brevispinus At least 1 Checklist X Dyschirius campicola Neighbors Only Dyschirius erythrocerus 2 Specimens X Dyschirius filiformis Neighbors Only Dyschirius globulosus 18 Specimens Dyschirius haemorrhoidalis 9 Specimens Dyschirius integer 3 Specimens Dyschirius larochellei Neighbors Only Dyschirius longulus At least 1 Checklist X Dyschirius pallipennis 1 Specimens X Dyschirius pilosus 6 Specimens Dyschirius politus 3 Specimens Dyschirius pumilus At least 1 Checklist X Dyschirius sellatus At least 1 Checklist X Dyschirius setosus 1 Specimens X Dyschirius sphaericollis 3 Specimens Dyschirius terminatus 2 Specimens X Dyschirius truncatus 1 Specimens X Elaphropus anceps 16 Specimens Elaphropus brunnicollis Neighbors Only Elaphropus capax At least 1 Checklist X Elaphropus dolosus 1 Specimens X Elaphropus ferrugineus 3 Specimens Elaphropus fuscicornis Neighbors Only Elaphropus granarius At least 1 Checklist X Elaphropus incurvus 1 Specimens X Elaphropus levipes Neighbors Only Elaphropus saturatus 5 Specimens Elaphropus tripunctatus 7 Specimens Elaphropus vernicatus 8 Specimens Elaphropus vivax 12 Specimens Elaphropus xanthopus 12 Specimens Elaphrus americanus Neighbors Only Elaphrus californicus 10 Specimens Elaphrus cicatricosus 7 Specimens Elaphrus clairvillei 1 Specimens X Elaphrus fuliginosus Neighbors Only Elaphrus lindrothi Neighbors Only Elaphrus olivaceus Neighbors Only Elaphrus ruscarius 20 Specimens Euphorticus pubescens Neighbors Only Euryderus grossus Neighbors Only 116 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Galerita bicolor 16 Specimens Galerita janus 25 Specimens Gastrellarius blanchardi Neighbors Only Gastrellarius honestus 21 Specimens Geopinus incrassatus 3 Specimens Harpalus actiosus At least 1 Checklist X Harpalus affinis 25 Specimens Harpalus balli Neighbors Only Harpalus caliginosus 22 Specimens Harpalus compar 25 Specimens Harpalus eraticus Neighbors Only Harpalus erythropus 28 Specimens Harpalus faunus 7 Specimens Harpalus fulvilabris Neighbors Only Harpalus fuscipalpis Neighbors Only Harpalus herbivagus 18 Specimens Harpalus indianus Neighbors Only Harpalus indigens 3 Specimens Harpalus innocuus 1 Specimens X Harpalus laevipes Neighbors Only Harpalus laticeps 1 Specimens X Harpalus lewisii Neighbors Only Harpalus longicollis 15 Specimens Harpalus nigritarsis Neighbors Only Harpalus opacipennis 3 Specimens Harpalus paratus At least 1 Checklist X Harpalus pensylvanicus 39 Specimens Harpalus plenalis Neighbors Only Harpalus protractus Neighbors Only Harpalus providens 16 Specimens Harpalus reversus 1 Specimens X Harpalus rubripes 5 Specimens Harpalus somnulentus 11 Specimens Harpalus spadiceus 13 Specimens Helluomorphoides clairvillei Neighbors Only Helluomorphoides nigripennis Neighbors Only Helluomorphoides praeustus bicolor 1 Specimens X Helluomorphoides praeustus praeustus Neighbors Only Lachnocrepis parallela 2 Specimens X Lebia abdominalis 2 Specimens X Lebia analis 19 Specimens Lebia atriventris 25 Specimens 117 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Lebia bivittata 3 Specimens Lebia fuscata 27 Specimens Lebia grandis 28 Specimens Lebia lobulata 7 Specimens Lebia moesta Neighbors Only Lebia ornata 26 Specimens Lebia pectita 3 Specimens Lebia pleuritica 7 Specimens Lebia pulchella 6 Specimens Lebia pumila 22 Specimens Lebia solea 25 Specimens Lebia tricolor 18 Specimens Lebia viridipennis 22 Specimens Lebia viridis 27 Specimens Lebia vittata 6 Specimens Leptotrachelus dorsalis 4 Specimens Lophoglossus gravis At least 1 Checklist X Lophoglossus scrutator 3 Specimens Lophoglossus substrenuus 2 Specimens X Lophoglossus vernix Neighbors Only Loricera pilicornis 11 Specimens Loxandrus algidus Neighbors Only Loxandrus brevicollis 2 Specimens X Loxandrus cincinnati Neighbors Only Loxandrus circulus Neighbors Only Loxandrus duryi 1 Specimens X Loxandrus erraticus 1 Specimens X Loxandrus inferus Neighbors Only Loxandrus rectus Neighbors Only Loxandrus uniformis Neighbors Only Loxandrus velocipes Neighbors Only Loxandrus vitiosus 3 Specimens Maronetus imperfectus 3 Specimens Megacephala carolina carolina Neighbors Only Megacephala virginica At least 1 Checklist X Micratopus aenescens 2 Specimens X Microlestes brevilobus brevilobus Neighbors Only Microlestes linearis 2 Specimens X Microlestes lucidus 1 Specimens X Microlestes pusio 3 Specimens Mioptachys flavicauda 14 Specimens Miscodera arctica Neighbors Only 118 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Morion monilicornis Neighbors Only Myas coracinus 9 Specimens Myas cyanescens 13 Specimens Nebria lacustris lacustris 21 Specimens Nebria pallipes 22 Specimens Nemotarsus elegans 1 Specimens X Nomius pygmaeus 1 Specimens X Notiobia maculicornis Neighbors Only Notiobia nitidipennis 13 Specimens Notiobia sayi 2 Specimens X Notiobia terminata 26 Specimens Notiophilus aeneus 23 Specimens Notiophilus aquaticus At least 1 Checklist X Notiophilus borealis Neighbors Only Notiophilus nemoralis Neighbors Only Notiophilus novemstriatus 8 Specimens Notiophilus semistriatus 12 Specimens Olisthopus micans At least 1 Checklist X Olisthopus parmatus 15 Specimens Omoglymmius americanus 4 Specimens Omophron americanum 16 Specimens Omophron labiatum 2 Specimens X Omophron robustum Neighbors Only Omophron tesselatum 4 Specimens Oodes amaroides 11 Specimens Oodes americanus Neighbors Only Oodes brevis 1 Specimens X Oodes fluvialis 3 Specimens Ophonus puncticeps 14 Specimens Oxypselaphus pusillus 8 Specimens Panageus crucigerus At least 1 Checklist X Panageus fasciatus 8 Specimens Paratachys sagax 4 Specimens Paratachys austinicus 1 Specimens X Paratachys columbiensis 1 Specimens X Paratachys hyalinus Neighbors Only Paratachys oblitus 17 Specimens Paratachys potomaca 2 Specimens X Paratachys proximus 18 Specimens Paratachys pumilus 5 Specimens Paratachys rhodeanus 1 Specimens X Paratachys scitulus 15 Specimens 119 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Pasimachus depressus 1 Specimens X Pasimachus elongatus Neighbors Only Pasimachus punctulatus 1 Specimens X Pasimachus sublaevis Neighbors Only Patrobus foveocollis Neighbors Only Patrobus longicornis 35 Specimens Pentagonica picticornis 5 Specimens Pericompsus ephippiatus 1 Specimens X Perigona nigriceps 6 Specimens Perigona pallipennis 1 Specimens X Philorhizus atriceps Neighbors Only Piesmus submarginatus Neighbors Only Platynus "daviesi" 4 Specimens Platynus angustatus 26 Specimens Platynus cincticollis 9 Specimens Platynus decentis 29 Specimens Platynus hypolithos 23 Specimens Platynus indecentis 3 Specimens Platynus mannerheimii Neighbors Only Platynus opaculus 2 Specimens X Platynus parmarginatus 14 Specimens Platynus tenuicollis 28 Specimens Platypatrobus lacustris 1 Specimens X Plochionus pallens At least 1 Checklist X Plochionus timidus 8 Specimens Poecilus chalcites 19 Specimens Poecilus lucublandus 40 Specimens Polyderis laevis 6 Specimens Porotachys bisulcatus 2 Specimens X Pseudamara arenaria 4 Specimens Pterostichus adoxus 14 Specimens Pterostichus adstrictus At least 1 Checklist X Pterostichus arcticola Neighbors Only Pterostichus atratus 4 Specimens Pterostichus brevicornis Neighbors Only Pterostichus castor 2 Specimens X Pterostichus caudicalis 17 Specimens Pterostichus commutabilis 10 Specimens Pterostichus coracinus 18 Specimens Pterostichus corrusculus Neighbors Only Pterostichus corvinus 18 Specimens Pterostichus diligendus 17 Specimens 120 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Pterostichus ebeninus At least 1 Checklist X Pterostichus femoralis 5 Specimens Pterostichus hamiltoni 3 Specimens Pterostichus lachrymosus 14 Specimens Pterostichus luctuosus 15 Specimens Pterostichus melanarius 12 Specimens Pterostichus moestus 19 Specimens Pterostichus mutus 33 Specimens Pterostichus novus 7 Specimens Pterostichus patruelis 10 Specimens Pterostichus pensylvanicus 11 Specimens Pterostichus permundus 4 Specimens Pterostichus praetermissus 9 Specimens Pterostichus punctatissimus Neighbors Only Pterostichus relictus 3 Specimens Pterostichus rostratus 14 Specimens Pterostichus sayanus 4 Specimens Pterostichus sculptus At least 1 Checklist X Pterostichus stygicus 34 Specimens Pterostichus superciliosus 5 Specimens Pterostichus tenuis 8 Specimens Pterostichus trinarius 5 Specimens Pterostichus tristis 23 Specimens Rhadine caudata 1 Specimens X Scaphinotus andrewsii mutabilis 6 Specimens Scaphinotus bilobus Neighbors Only Scaphinotus elevatus 1 Specimens X Scaphinotus guyotii Neighbors Only Scaphinotus ridingsi monogahelae 4 Specimens Scaphinotus unicolor heros Neighbors Only Scaphinotus unicolor shoemakeri Neighbors Only Scaphinotus viduus 12 Specimens Scaphinotus webbi 5 Specimens Scarites quadriceps 18 Specimens Scarites subterraneus 31 Specimens Schizogenius amphibius 7 Specimens Schizogenius ferrugineus At least 1 Checklist X Schizogenius lineolatus 16 Specimens Schizogenius planulatus Neighbors Only Schizogenius sulcifrons 4 Specimens Selenophorus ellipticus 2 Specimens X Selenophorus gagatinus 7 Specimens 121 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Selenophorus granarius Neighbors Only Selenophorus hylacis 11 Specimens Selenophorus opalinus 22 Specimens Selenophorus pedicularius 2 Specimens X Selenophorus planipennis Neighbors Only Semiardistomis puncticollis 1 Specimens X Semiardistomis viridis 6 Specimens Sericoda obsoleta 6 Specimens Sericoda quadripunctata At least 1 Checklist X Sphaeroderus canadensis canadensis 10 Specimens Sphaeroderus indianae Neighbors Only Sphaeroderus nitidicollis brevoorti Neighbors Only Sphaeroderus schaumii Neighbors Only Sphaeroderus stenostomus lecontei 18 Specimens Sphaeroderus stenostomus stenostomus 14 Specimens Stenocrepis cuprea At least 1 Checklist X Stenocrepis duodecimstriata Neighbors Only Stenocrepis mexicana Neighbors Only Stenolophus carbo Neighbors Only Stenolophus comma 32 Specimens Stenolophus conjunctus 10 Specimens Stenolophus fuliginosus 6 Specimens Stenolophus fuscatus 4 Specimens Stenolophus humidus 4 Specimens Stenolophus infuscatus Neighbors Only Stenolophus lecontei 20 Specimens Stenolophus lineola 3 Specimens Stenolophus megacephalus 3 Specimens Stenolophus ochropezus 33 Specimens Stenolophus plebejus 4 Specimens Stenolophus rotundatus 5 Specimens Stenolophus rotundicollis 12 Specimens Stenolophus spretus Neighbors Only Stereocerus haematopus Neighbors Only Syntomus americanus 10 Specimens Synuchus impunctatus 19 Specimens Tachys litoralis Neighbors Only Tachyta angulata 3 Specimens Tachyta nana inornata 5 Specimens Tachyta parvicornis 2 Specimens X Tetragonoderus fasciatus 1 Specimens X Tetraleucus picticornis 4 Specimens 122 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Prioritized for Genus Species Subspecies PA Counties Source Status Evaluation

Trechus apicalis 2 Specimens X Trechus crassiscapus Neighbors Only Trechus hydropicus hydropicus Neighbors Only Trechus quadristriatus 8 Specimens Trichotichnus autumnalis 13 Specimens Trichotichnus dichrous 7 Specimens Trichotichnus fulgens 14 Specimens Trichotichnus vulpeculus 17 Specimens Xestonotus lugubris 17 Specimens Zuphium americanum Neighbors Only

123 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

9.4.3 Rapid Conservation Assessment Of Species Presence For A Major Lineage Of Invertebrates. (Diptera Or True Flies)

Table 5.3 on the following pages itemizes 1,042 species of true flies as occurring in Pennsylvania according to survey efforts by D. P. Koenig and others at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. The data represent the currently curated and authoritatively identified specimens in a single collection (Carnegie Museum of Natural History) and those collections contain many additional specimens of the same or different Pennsylvania species not currently authoritatively identified. Further determination and curation of these collections will provide much additional information on Diptera, as about 35% of the existing collection from Pennsylvania was examined for this effort.

This research was made possible in part by funding from the Pennsylvania Game Commission through a State Wildlife Grant Program supported by federal funding. Additional support, collections, and facilities were provided by the Section of Invertebrate Zoology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

Of the 1,042 Pennsylvania species documented in this rapid survey, 437 (41.9%) were documented from two or fewer localities, often by a single specimen. Those taxa are tentatively considered priorities for status evaluation, although even modest additional collection or survey work will establish most as widespread and abundant (therefore not priorities for further study). When additional collections are examined, evidence will be gathered to eliminate additional species from a conservation concern level, although failure to find any species in recent years in collections or in the field will warrant immediate conservation attention. Whenever possible, the year of most recent (latest) capture for each species was noted, and glancing across the list will reveal species that may seem to be abundant (multiple specimens from multiple localities) but have not been documented at Carnegie Museum in nearly 100 years. There are many reasons why a species may be rare in nature and not be a species of special concern, and there are many similar reasons why a species may not have been documented in decades in a given specimen collection and still be viable and secure in nature. If a species is found to be undocumented in many large collections, then regardless of historical distribution or abundance, it should become a priority for status evaluation.

124 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

TABLE 5.3 Pennsylvania Diptera: Presence/Absence Study Based on Collection Data, Carnegie Museum of Natural History

(Based on authoritatively determined Pennsylvania Diptera at CMNH, about 35% of available Pennsylvania specimens of Diptera at CMNH)

1042 PENNSYLVANIA SPECIES 437 Species Prioritized for Status Evaluation

309 Neighboring States Only 41.9% Percent Prioritized for Evaluation

1351 Total Species Considered Neighboring States: Total Species 2 24 52 324 373 494 Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Acroceridae dispar 2 2 X 1.0 1958 x 1 Acroceridae Ogcodes pallidipennis 4 3 1.3 1926 x 1 Agromyzidae Aulacigaster leucopeza 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Cerodontha dorsalis 0 0 x x 2 Agromyzidae Cerodontha magnicornis 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Cerodontha morosa 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Cerodontha pallidiciliata 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Chyromya femorella 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Cyamops halteratus 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Liriomyza eupatoriae 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Liriomyza sativae 0 0 x 1 Agromyzidae Melangromyza dianthereae 7 2 3.5 1996 x 1 Mycetobia divergens 20 1 X 20.0 1912 0 Anisopodidae Sylvicola alternatus 68 4 17.0 1981 x 1 Anisopodidae Sylvicola fenestralis 6 3 2.0 1983 0 Anisopodidae Sylvicola marginatus 13 1 X 13.0 1912 0 Anisopodidae Sylvicola punctatus 59 2 29.5 1912 0 Anthomyza variegata 0 0 x 1 Anthomyzidae Mumetopia occipitalis 0 0 x 1 Anthomyzidae Mumetopia terminalis 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Asilus sericeus 38 11 3.5 1997 x x 2 Asilidae Atomosia melanopogon 1 1 X 1.0 1960 0 Asilidae Atomosia puella 29 4 7.3 1993 0 Asilidae Ceratugus aurulentus 6 5 1.2 1959 x 1 Asilidae Cerotainia macrocera 24 4 6.0 1998 x 1 Asilidae Cryptocurnutus atlanticus 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Cyrtopogon falto 3 2 1.5 1993 x 1 Asilidae Cyrtopogon lutatius 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Dasylechia atrox 1 1 X 1.0 1968 0 Asilidae Dioctria baumhaueri 11 10 1.1 1997 x 1 Asilidae Diogmites basalis 0 0 no data x 1 Asilidae Diogmites discolor 3 1 X 3.0 no data x 1 Asilidae Echthopoda formosa 0 0 no data x 1 Asilidae Efferia aestuans 52 14 3.7 1994 x x 2

125 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Asilidae Efferia albibarbis 6 1 X 6.0 1924 x x x 3 Asilidae Efferia pogonias 21 4 5.3 1963 x x 2 Asilidae Eudioctria albius 6 6 1.0 1994 x 1 Asilidae Eudioctria brevis 2 1 X 2.0 1993 0 Asilidae Eudioctria disjuncta 1 1 X 1.0 1993 0 Asilidae Eudioctria propinqua 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Heteropogon macerinus 1 1 X 1.0 1905 x 1 Asilidae Holcocephala abdominalis 10 3 3.3 1998 x x 2 Asilidae Holcocephala calva 4 3 1.3 1997 x 1 Asilidae Holopogon phaenotus 1 1 X 1.0 1997 x 1 Asilidae Laphria aktis 7 6 1.2 1997 x 1 Asilidae Laphria canis 4 2 2.0 1997 x 1 Asilidae Laphria champlaini 2 2 X 1.0 1994 x 1 Asilidae Laphria divisor 1 1 X 1.0 1995 x 1 Asilidae Laphria flavicollis 22 9 2.4 1997 x x 2 Asilidae Laphria index 6 6 1.0 1996 x 1 Asilidae Laphria posticatus 3 2 1.5 1993 x 1 Asilidae Laphria sacrator 2 2 X 1.0 1993 0 Asilidae Laphria sericea 12 7 1.7 1995 x x 2 Asilidae Laphria sicula 2 1 X 2.0 1993 x 1 Asilidae Laphria thoracica 6 6 1.0 1997 x 1 Asilidae Laphria virginica 0 0 0 Asilidae Laphria winnemana 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Asilidae Leptogaster atridorsalis 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Machimus erythrocnemius 5 3 1.7 1993 x 1 Asilidae Machimus lecythus 2 2 X 1.0 1992 0 Asilidae Machimus notatus 6 6 1.0 1994 x x 2 Asilidae Machimus novaescotiae 7 4 1.8 1994 x 1 Asilidae Machimus sadyates 3 2 1.5 1993 x x 2 Asilidae Machimus virginicus 4 2 2.0 1993 x 1 Asilidae Neoitamus affinis 1 1 X 1.0 1996 0 Asilidae Neoitamus flavofemoratus 15 7 2.1 1996 x x 2 Asilidae Neoitamus orphne 8 5 1.6 1997 x 1 Asilidae Ommatius tibialis 15 6 2.5 1998 x 1 Asilidae Philonicus fuscatus 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Promachus bastardii 6 3 2.0 1937 x 1 Asilidae Promachus rufipes 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Promachus vertebratus 2 2 X 1.0 1924 x 1 Asilidae Tipulogaster glabrata 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Tolmerus lecythus 0 0 x 1 Asilidae Tolmerus notatus 5 4 1.3 1997 x x 2 Asilidae Tolmerus paropus 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Bibio albipennis 11 4 2.8 1990 x 1 Bibionidae Bibio femoratus 2 1 X 2.0 no data 0 Bibionidae Bibio fraternus 23 4 5.8 1988 x 1

126 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Bibionidae Bibio xanthopus 0 0 x 1 Aldrichia auripuncta 2 1 X 2.0 no data x 1 Bombyliidae Aldrichia ehrmanii 4 3 1.3 1906 x 1 Bombyliidae irroratus 4 3 1.3 1957 0 Bombyliidae Anthrax pluto 0 0 x 1 Bombyliidae Anthrax tigrinus 8 6 1.3 1970 0 Bombyliidae Bombylius major 5 3 1.7 1995 x 1 Bombyliidae Exoprosopa decora 3 1 X 3.0 1940 x 1 Bombyliidae Exoprosopa fascipennis 3 1 X 3.0 1940 x x 2 Bombyliidae Lepidophora lepidocera 16 8 2.0 1941 0 Bombyliidae Ogcodocera leucoprocta 2 2 X 1.0 no data x 1 Bombyliidae Sparnopolius fulvus 79 6 13.2 1951 x x 2 Bombyliidae Systoechus vulgaris 2 1 X 2.0 1967 0 Bombyliidae Systropus macer 1 1 X 1.0 1917 x x 2 Cecidomyiidae Aphidoletes aphidimyia 2 1 X 2.0 1912 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia eupatorii 2 1 X 2.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia helianthiflorae 9 1 X 9.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia hydrangeae 1 1 X 1.0 1991 x 1 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia imbricata 7 2 3.5 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia monacha 29 1 X 29.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia ovata 5 1 X 5.0 1990 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia pruina 6 1 X 6.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia recondita 1 1 X 1.0 1991 0 Asphondylia Cecidomyiidae rudbeckiaeconspicua 39 3 13.0 1992 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia rugosa 3 2 1.5 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia smilacinae 4 1 X 4.0 1922 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia solidaginis 2 1 X 2.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia thompsoni 2 1 X 2.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asphondylia vernoniae 4 1 X 4.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Asteromyia carbonifera 3 1 X 3.0 1992 0 Cecidomyiidae Asteromyia euthamiae 4 1 X 4.0 1992 0 Cecidomyiidae Asteromyia tumifica 0 0 x 1 Cecidomyiidae Contarinia rudbeckiae 2 1 X 2.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Dasineura radifolii 4 2 2.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Dasineura serrulatae 0 0 x 1 Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera convolvuli 2 1 X 2.0 1987 0 Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera cornicola 3 1 X 3.0 1987 0 Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera incisa 2 1 X 2.0 1993 0 Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera perfoliata 2 1 X 2.0 1987 0 Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera rudbeckiae 1 1 X 1.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera vernoniae 2 1 X 2.0 1987 0 Cecidomyiidae Neolasioptera vitinea 0 0 x 1 Cecidomyiidae Parallelodiplosis subtrunctata 8 1 X 8.0 1991 0 Cecidomyiidae Porricondyla unidentata 3 1 X 3.0 1993 0 Cecidomyiidae Rabdophaga rigidae 7 1 X 7.0 1991 0 127 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Cecidomyiidae Rhopalomyia clarkeae 1 1 X 1.0 1992 0 Cecidomyiidae Schizomyia impatientis 0 0 0 Cecidomyiidae Vaccinidiplosis vaccinii 2 1 X 2.0 1993 0 Cecidomyiidae Youngomyia podophyllae 8 1 X 8.0 1992 x 1 Apallates coxendix 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Apallates neocoxendix 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Apallates particeps 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Aphanotrigonum scabrum 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chaetochlorops inquilina 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops certima 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops cinerapennis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops crocota 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops declinata 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops melanocerus 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops obscuricornis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops rufescens 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops ruginosa 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops seminigra 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Chlorops sulphurea 1 1 X 1.0 1996 x 1 Chloropidae Conioscinella flavescens 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Conioscinella nuda 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Conioscinella triorbiculata 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Dicraeus fennicus 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Dicraeus incongruous 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Dicraeus wilburi 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Diplotoxa inclinata 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Diplotoxa nigripes 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Diplotoxa versicolor 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Ectecephala albistylum 3 1 X 3.0 1931 x 1 Chloropidae Elachiptera angusta 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Elachiptera costata 3 1 X 3.0 1906 x 1 Chloropidae Elachiptera erythropleura 4 2 2.0 no data x 1 Chloropidae Elachiptera formosa 194 1 X 194.0 1988 0 Chloropidae Elachiptera nigriceps 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Elachiptera pechumani 0 0 x x 2 Chloropidae Elachiptera penita 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Elachiptera vittata 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Elliponeura debilis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Epichlorops exilis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Eribolus longulus 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Chloropidae Gaurax apicalis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Gaurax atripalpus 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Gaurax fumipennis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Gaurax pallidipes 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Gaurax pilosulus 0 0 x 1

128 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Chloropidae Hippelates nobilis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Hippelates plebejus 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Incertella bispina 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Incertella incerta 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Incertella minor 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Lasiosina canadensis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Liohippelates bishoppi 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Liohippelates pallipes 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Malloewia nigripalpis 4 1 X 4.0 1967 0 Chloropidae Malloewia setulosa 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Melanochaeta eunota 0 0 x x 2 Chloropidae Meromyza americana 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Olcella provocans 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Olcella trigramma 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Oscinella frit 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Oscinisoma aliena 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Paractecephala dissimilis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Paractecephala eucera 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Paractecephala sanguinolenta 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Pseudogaurax anchora 1 1 X 1.0 1909 0 Pseudopachychaeta Chloropidae approximatonervis 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Rhopalopterum atriceps 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Rhopalopterum carbonaria 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Rhopalopterum luteiceps 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Rhopalopterum painteri 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Rhopalopterum soror 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Rhopalopterum umbrosa 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Thaumatomyia bistriata 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Thaumatomyia glabra 0 0 x x 2 Chloropidae Thaumatomyia grata 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Thaumatomyia parviceps 0 0 x x 2 Chloropidae Thaumatomyia pulla 0 0 x 1 Chloropidae Tricimba melancholica 0 0 x x 2 Myopa clausa 2 1 X 2.0 1941 0 Conopidae Myopa vesiculosa 5 3 1.7 1953 0 Conopidae Myopa vicaria 1 1 X 1.0 1965 0 Conopidae Myopa virginica 6 5 1.2 1965 x 1 Conopidae Physocephala furcillata 0 0 x x 2 Conopidae Physocephala sagittatia 1 1 X 1.0 1905 x 1 Conopidae Physocephala tibialis 31 10 3.1 1992 x x 2 Conopidae Physoconops excisus 1 1 X 1.0 1940 0 Conopidae Physoconops obscuripennis 1 1 X 1.0 1940 0 Conopidae Stylogaster biannulata 4 2 2.0 1913 0 Conopidae Stylogaster neglecta 18 4 4.5 1956 0 Conopidae Thecophora abbreviata 5 4 1.3 1925 x 1 129 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Conopidae Thecophora longicornis 2 2 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Conopidae Thecophora nigripes 13 4 3.3 1931 0 Conopidae Thecophora occidensis 12 6 2.0 1995 x x 2 Conopidae Thecophora propinqua 2 2 X 1.0 1963 0 Conopidae Zodion abitus 3 1 X 3.0 1924 0 Conopidae Zodion americanum 3 3 1.0 1916 x x 2 Conopidae Zodion cinereiventre 3 1 X 3.0 1924 0 Conopidae Zodion fulvifrons 8 3 2.7 1931 x x 2 Conopidae Zodion intermedium 0 0 x x x 3 Culicidae Aedes canadensis 0 0 x 1 Culicidae Aedes cinereus 0 0 x 1 Culicidae Aedes trivittatus 0 0 x 1 Culicidae Aedes vexans 0 0 x 1 Culicidae Anopheles punctipennis 0 0 x 1 Culicidae Anopheles walkeri 0 0 x 1 Culicidae Culex restuans 0 0 x 1 Culicidae Psorophora ciliata 0 0 x 1 Diopsidae Sphyracephala brevicornis 11 5 2.2 1963 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Argyra albicans 17 3 5.7 1914 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Argyra calceata 15 4 3.8 1907 0 Dolichopodidae Argyra calcitrans 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Argyra minuta 12 3 4.0 1905 x 1 Dolichopodidae Calyxochaetus frontalis 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Calyxochaetus nodatus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Campsicnemus hirtipes 10 3 3.3 1909 x 1 Dolichopodidae Chrysotimus pusio 1 1 X 1.0 1905 0 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus affinis 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus barbatus 10 4 2.5 1916 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus bellus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus costalis 8 2 4.0 1916 0 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus discolor 41 4 10.3 1905 x 1 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus exiguus 1 1 X 1.0 1905 0 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus obliquus 116 3 38.7 1905 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus pallipes 13 3 4.3 1905 x 1 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus picticornis 108 3 36.0 1907 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus subcostatus 10 1 X 10.0 1905 x 1 Dolichopodidae Chrysotus tibialis 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus calcaratus 67 4 16.8 1916 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus caudatus 2 1 X 2.0 1907 x 1 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus comatus 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus flavipes 11 1 X 11.0 no data x x 2 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus nigrifemoratus 37 3 12.3 1907 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus patibulatus 37 5 7.4 1958 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus sipho 34 5 6.8 1905 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Condylostylus viridicoxa 0 0 x 1

130 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Dolichopodidae Diaphorus lamellatus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Diaphorus leucostoma 60 5 12.0 1911 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Diaphorus mundus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Diaphorus nigricans 14 4 3.5 1916 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Diaphorus palpiger 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Diaphorus sodalis 5 2 2.5 no data x x 2 Dolichopodidae Diaphorus spectabilis 16 3 5.3 1941 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus acuminatus 2 1 X 2.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus adultus 4 1 X 4.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus aequalis 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus albiciliatus 2 2 X 1.0 1911 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus albicoxa 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus barbicauda 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus bifractus 17 4 4.3 1957 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus burnesi 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus chrysostomus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus coercens 1 1 X 1.0 1909 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus comatus 108 5 21.6 1957 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus contiguus 2 1 X 2.0 1940 0 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus correus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus cuprinus 37 3 12.3 1957 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus eudactylus 2 1 X 2.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus finitis 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus fulvipes 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus funditor 19 3 6.3 1912 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus gladius 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus gratus 15 4 3.8 1963 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus harbecki 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus lobatus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus longipennis 124 6 20.7 1931 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus ovatus 2 2 X 1.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus palaestricus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus pantominus 2 1 X 2.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus quadrilamellatus 3 2 1.5 1908 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus ramifer 4 2 2.0 1908 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus reflectus 7 3 2.3 1905 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus scapularis 132 5 26.4 1957 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus setifer 36 3 12.0 1912 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus sexarticulatus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus sincerus 3 1 X 3.0 1905 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus socius 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus variabilis 93 6 15.5 1957 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus varipes 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Dolichopus vittatus 30 3 10.0 1924 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus barbatulus 0 0 x 1

131 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Dolichopodidae Hercostomus crassicauda 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus currani 2 1 X 2.0 1963 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus debilis 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus difficilis 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus flavus 1 1 X 1.0 1957 0 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus humilis 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus nigribarbus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus opacus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus phyllophorus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus propriofacies 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus spectabilis 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus subdilatus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus subulatus 1 1 X 1.0 1905 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hercostomus violaceus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hydrophorus canescens 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Hydrophorus chrysologus 2 1 X 2.0 1909 0 Dolichopodidae Hydrophorus pirata 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Nematoproctus cylindricus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Neurigona carbonifer 8 2 4.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Neurigona floridula 9 2 4.5 1912 0 Dolichopodidae Neurigona lateralis 2 2 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Neurigona nigricornis 8 2 4.0 1907 0 Dolichopodidae Paraclius albonotatus 7 3 2.3 1925 x 1 Dolichopodidae Paraclius pumilio 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Pelastoneurus laetus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Pelastoneurus neglectus 9 3 3.0 1916 x 1 Dolichopodidae Pelastoneurus vagans 60 5 12.0 1963 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Peloropeodes brevis 29 4 7.3 1907 x 1 Dolichopodidae Plagioneurus univittatus 4 1 X 4.0 1911 0 Dolichopodidae Proarchus violaceus 4 2 2.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium effilatum 3 3 1.0 1905 0 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium fascipes 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium femineum 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium fumipenne 2 2 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium longipes 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium melampus 5 3 1.7 1905 x 1 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium nigricoxa 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium ornatus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Rhaphium signifer 2 1 X 2.0 no data 0 Dolichopodidae Sciapus scintillans 16 3 5.3 1905 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Sciapus tener 2 1 X 2.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Sympycnus lineatus 107 5 21.4 1939 x x x 3 Dolichopodidae Syntormon cinereiventre 9 5 1.8 1963 x 1 Dolichopodidae Tachytrechus laticrus 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Dolichopodidae Tachytrechus moechus 0 0 x x 2

132 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Dolichopodidae Tachytrechus vorax 9 5 1.8 1909 x x 2 Dolichopodidae Thrypticus tectus 0 0 x 1 Dolichopodidae Xanthochlorus helvinus 5 3 1.7 1905 0 Dryomyza anilis 50 10 5.0 1998 x x x 3 Dryomyzidae Dryomyza flaveola 0 0 x 1 Dryomyzidae Dryomyza simplex 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Empididae Clinocera lineata 1 1 X 1.0 1908 0 Empididae Syneches albonotatus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Empididae Syneches phthia 2 1 X 2.0 no data 0 Empididae Syneches pusillus 7 3 2.3 1941 0 Empididae Syneches rufus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Empididae Syneches thoracicus 13 2 6.5 no data x 1 Empididae Trichoclinocera dasycoxa 14 2 7.0 1949 0 Empididae Trichoclinocera hamifera 7 1 X 7.0 1910 0 Camptoprosopella confusa 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Deceia crevecoeuri 1 1 X 1.0 1895 0 Lauxaniidae Homoneura americana 23 5 4.6 1941 x x 2 Lauxaniidae Homoneura bispina 4 3 1.3 1909 x x x 3 Lauxaniidae Homoneura conjuncta 11 2 5.5 1904 x 1 Lauxaniidae Homoneura disjuncta 102 3 34.0 1911 x 1 Lauxaniidae Homoneura fraterna 3 2 1.5 1910 x x 2 Lauxaniidae Homoneura houghii 0 0 x x 2 Lauxaniidae Homoneura incerta 5 2 2.5 1940 x x 2 Lauxaniidae Homoneura johnsoni 4 3 1.3 1911 0 Lauxaniidae Homoneura melanderi 1 1 X 1.0 1928 x 1 Lauxaniidae Homoneura pernotata 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Homoneura philadelphica 37 5 7.4 1955 x x x x 4 Lauxaniidae Mallochomyza citreifrons 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Melanomyza gracilipes 26 3 8.7 1909 x x x 3 Lauxaniidae Melanomyza scutellata 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Minettia glauca 4 1 X 4.0 no data 0 Lauxaniidae Minettia lobata 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Minettia lupulina 157 7 22.4 1930 x x 2 Lauxaniidae Minettia lyraformos 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Minettia obscura 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Minettia shewelli 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Poecilolycia browni 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Poecilolycia obtusilamellata 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Poecilominettia ordinaria 0 0 x 1 Lauxaniidae Pseudocalliope flaviceps 0 0 x 1 Micropezidae Calobatina geometra 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Micropezidae Compsobata pallipes 1 1 X 1.0 1963 x 1 Micropezidae Compsobata univitta 22 8 2.8 1998 x 1 Micropezidae Rainieria antennaepes 48 12 4.0 1998 x x x 3 Micropezidae Taeniaptera trivittata 1 1 X 1.0 1966 x 1

133 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Milichiidae Leptometopa latipes 4 2 2.0 1905 0 Milichiidae Madiza glabra 6 2 3.0 1908 0 Fungivora bimaculata 5 1 X 5.0 1912 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora caudata 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora clavata 1 1 X 1.0 1911 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora contigua 2 1 X 2.0 1956 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora dinguis 1 1 X 1.0 1905 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora edura 1 1 X 1.0 1941 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora falcata 1 1 X 1.0 1907 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora ichneumonea 1 1 X 1.0 1911 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora mitis 0 0 x 1 Mycetophilidae Fungivora pectita 2 1 X 2.0 1941 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora perita 2 2 X 1.0 1907 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora sigmoides 1 1 X 1.0 1911 0 Mycetophilidae Fungivora trinotata 2 2 X 1.0 no data 0 Mydidae Mydas clavatus 27 10 2.7 1952 x 1 Mydidae Mydas tibialis 6 4 1.5 2003 0 Traginops irroratus 2 2 X 1.0 1911 x 1 Oestridae Cephenemyia phobifer 2 2 X 1.0 1995 0 Oestridae Cuterebra abdominalis 11 7 1.6 1969 0 Oestridae Cuterebra fontinella 9 8 1.1 1966 x 1 Oestridae Gasterophilus intestinalis 0 0 x 1 Opomyza petrei 0 0 x 1 Otitidae Callopistromyia annulipes 132 16 8.3 1998 x x x 3 Otitidae Chaetopsis aenea 0 0 x 1 Otitidae Chaetopsis apicalis 0 0 x x 2 Otitidae Chaetopsis fulvifrons 1 1 X 1.0 1914 x x x 3 Otitidae Chaetopsis massyla 58 14 4.1 1993 x 1 Otitidae Delphinia picta 48 8 6.0 1998 x x 2 Otitidae Eumetopiella rufipes 0 0 x x 2 Otitidae Euxesta notata 13 4 3.3 1994 x x 2 Otitidae Herina canadensis 0 0 x 1 Otitidae Herina narytia 0 0 x 1 Otitidae Herina ruficeps 2 2 X 1.0 1907 x 1 Otitidae Idana marginata 72 12 6.0 1998 x 1 Otitidae Melieria similes 7 2 3.5 1924 x x 2 Otitidae Myrmecothea myrmecoides 0 0 x x 2 Otitidae Physiphora demandata 1 1 X 1.0 1921 x 1 Otitidae Pseudotephritis approximata 17 5 3.4 1994 0 Otitidae Pseudotephritis corticalis 1 1 X 1.0 1913 x 1 Otitidae Pseudotephritis cribellum 2 1 X 2.0 1941 x 1 Otitidae Pseudotephritis metzi 1 1 X 1.0 1994 0 Otitidae Pseudotephritis vau 128 14 9.1 1994 x x 2 Otitidae Seioptera albipes 21 2 10.5 1912 x 1 Otitidae Seioptera colon 1 1 X 1.0 1974 x 1

134 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Otitidae Seioptera vibrans 50 5 10.0 1909 x 1 Otitidae Stenomyia hendeli 0 0 x 1 Otitidae Stenomyia nasoni 0 0 x 1 Otitidae Tetanops luridipennis 1 1 X 1.0 1956 x 1 Otitidae Tritoxa flexa 11 3 3.7 1994 x x x 3 Otitidae Tritoxa incurva 0 0 x 1 Pallopteridae Palloptera superba 19 9 2.1 1978 x 1 Phoridae Apocephalus setialvus 2 1 X 2.0 1998 0 Phoridae Apocephalus wheeleri 9 1 X 9.0 1998 0 Phoridae Gymnophora luteiventris 1 1 X 1.0 1913 x 1 Phoridae Magaselia aequalis 0 0 x 1 Phoridae Magaselia scalaris 48 2 24.0 1994 0 Piophilidae Piophila casei 11 1 X 11.0 1964 0 Piophilidae Prochyliza brevicornis 0 0 x 1 Piophilidae Prochyliza xanthostoma 0 0 x 1 Piophilidae Stearibia nigriceps 0 0 x 1 Pipunculidae Chalarus latifrons 11 3 3.7 1905 0 Pipunculidae Endorylas atlanticus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Pipunculidae Pipunculus affinis 2 1 X 2.0 1905 0 Pipunculidae Pipunculus fuscus 3 2 1.5 1915 x x 2 Pipunculidae Pipunculus hertzogi 37 6 6.2 1969 x 1 Pipunculidae Pipunculus horvathi 1 1 X 1.0 1905 0 Pipunculidae Pipunculus houghi 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Pipunculidae Pipunculus loewii 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Pipunculidae Pipunculus minor 10 3 3.3 1905 0 Pipunculidae Pipunculus nigripes 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Pipunculidae Pipunculus subopacue 1 1 X 1.0 1905 0 Pipunculidae Pipunculus viduus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Pipunculidae Tomosvaryella appendipes 1 1 X 1.0 1905 0 Pipunculidae Tomosvaryella coquilletti 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Pipunculidae Tomosvaryella sachtlebeni 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Pipunculidae Tomosvaryella subvirescens 2 2 X 1.0 1905 x 1 Platypezidae Agathomyia aestiva 1 1 X 1.0 1913 0 Platypezidae Agathomyia colei 1 1 X 1.0 1913 0 Platypezidae Agathomyia decolor 10 1 X 10.0 1914 0 Platypezidae Bertamyia notata 72 4 18.0 1913 0 Platypezidae Calotarsa pallipes 132 2 66.0 1914 0 Platypezidae Lindneromyia flavicornis 67 3 22.3 1915 0 Platypezidae Platypeza anthrax 9 1 X 9.0 1941 0 Platypezidae Platypeza millironi 1 1 X 1.0 1908 0 Platypezidae Polyporivora polypori 7 1 X 7.0 1910 0 Platystomatidae Rivellia cognata 4 3 1.3 1924 0 Platystomatidae Rivellia flavimana 2 2 X 1.0 1907 x 1 Platystomatidae Rivellia melliginis 81 9 9.0 1990 x x 2 Platystomatidae Rivellia pallida 14 5 2.8 1957 0

135 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Platystomatidae Rivellia steyskali 3 2 1.5 1964 0 Platystomatidae Rivellia variabilis 1 1 X 1.0 1923 0 Platystomatidae Rivellia viridulans 24 8 3.0 1964 x x 2 Platystomatidae Rivellia winifredae 1 1 X 1.0 1957 0 Psilidae Chyliza erudite 1 1 X 1.0 1993 0 Psilidae Loxocera fumipennis 0 0 x 1 Ptychopteridae Bittacomorpha clavipes 3 2 1.5 1986 x 1 Ptychopteridae Bittacomorphella jonesi 2 2 X 1.0 1997 0 Ptychopteridae Ptychoptera quadrifasciata 16 3 5.3 2001 0 Pyrgota undata 45 8 5.6 1987 x 1 Rhagionidae Rhagio mystaceus 97 7 13.9 1955 x 1 Melanomya obscura 0 0 x x 2 Rhinophoridae Melanomya ordinaria 0 0 x 1 Rhinophoridae Melanophora roralis 4 3 1.3 1910 0 Sarcophagidae Agria housei 2 1 X 2.0 1994 0 Sarcophagidae Amobia aurifrons 7 1 X 7.0 1924 x 1 Sarcophagidae Amobia oculata 1 1 X 1.0 1908 0 Sarcophagidae Blaesoxipha aculeate 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Sarcophagidae Blaesoxipha atlanis 1 1 X 1.0 1912 x 1 Sarcophagidae Blaesoxipha hunteri 3 1 X 3.0 no data 0 Sarcophagidae Blaesoxipha opifera 3 3 1.0 no data x 1 Sarcophagidae Blaesoxipha reversa 3 3 1.0 no data x 1 Sarcophagidae Blaesoxipha taediosa 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Blaesoxipha uncata 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Boettcheria bisetosa 25 7 3.6 1996 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Boettcheria cimbicis 38 8 4.8 1996 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Boettcheria latisterna 38 13 2.9 1996 x x x 3 Sarcophagidae Cistudinomyia cistudinis 6 1 X 6.0 1952 0 Sarcophagidae Fletcherimyia fletcheri 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Helicobia rapax 38 4 9.5 1911 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Lepidodexia rufitibia 1 1 X 1.0 1909 x 1 Sarcophagidae Lepidodexia sheldoni 2 2 X 1.0 1905 x 1 Sarcophagidae Mecynocorpus salvum 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Sarcophagidae Metopia argyrocephala 2 2 X 1.0 1939 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Metopia lateralis 1 1 X 1.0 1940 x 1 Sarcophagidae Metopia perpendicularis 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Metopia sinipalpis 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Microcerella scrofa 3 3 1.0 1905 x 1 Sarcophagidae Oxysarcodexia cingarus 9 4 2.3 1917 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Oxysarcodexia galeata 2 2 X 1.0 no data x 1 Sarcophagidae Oxysarcodexia ventricosa 34 3 11.3 1935 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Phrosinella aurifacies 1 1 X 1.0 1940 0 Sarcophagidae Ravinia acerba 7 2 3.5 1930 x 1 Sarcophagidae Ravinia anandra 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Ravinia anxia 20 9 2.2 1904 x 1

136 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Sarcophagidae Ravinia derelicta 23 5 4.6 1913 x x x 3 Sarcophagidae Ravinia querula 30 6 5.0 1996 x x x x 4 Sarcophagidae Ravinia stimulans 30 6 5.0 1994 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga africa 31 5 6.2 1926 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga aldrichi 106 12 8.8 1996 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga argyrostoma 2 2 X 1.0 1917 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga bullata 6 6 1.0 1969 x x x 3 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga carinata 1 1 X 1.0 1995 0 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga crassipalpis 19 4 4.8 1936 0 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga fortisa 1 1 X 1.0 1996 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga houghi 2 2 X 1.0 1994 0 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga idonea 8 3 2.7 1996 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga johnsoni 0 0 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga mimoris 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga morose 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga nearctica 21 9 2.3 1996 x x x 3 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga ontariensis 1 1 X 1.0 1995 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga parallela 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga pulla 4 2 2.0 1995 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga sabroskyi 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga shermani 2 2 X 1.0 1959 0 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga sinuata 12 5 2.4 1910 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga triplasia 2 2 X 1.0 1995 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga utilis 8 3 2.7 1994 0 Sarcophagidae Senotainia trilineata 1 1 X 1.0 1907 x 1 Sarcophagidae Sphenometopa tergata 1 1 X 1.0 1940 0 Sarcophagidae Spirobolomyia basalis 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Spirobolomyia ohioensis 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Titanogrypa melampyga 6 3 2.0 1914 0 Sarcophagidae Tripanurga importuna 0 0 x x 2 Sarcophagidae Udamopyga niagarana 0 0 x 1 Sarcophagidae Wohlfahrtia vigil 1 1 X 1.0 1994 x 1 Scatopse fuscipes 36 1 X 36.0 1939 0 Scatopsidae Scatopse notata 33 3 11.0 1952 0 Scatopsidae Swammerdamella obtusa 5 1 X 5.0 1911 0 Scenopinidae Scenopinus fenestralis 36 5 7.2 1985 0 Scenopinidae Scenopinus glabrifrons 9 1 X 9.0 1911 0 Anticheta borealis 1 1 X 1.0 1963 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Anticheta fulva 0 0 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Anticheta melanosoma 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Atrichomelina pubera 3 2 1.5 1907 x 1 Sciomyzidae Dictya atlantica 1 1 X 1.0 1913 x 1 Sciomyzidae Dictya borealis 1 1 X 1.0 1963 x 1 Sciomyzidae Dictya expansa 5 3 1.7 1963 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Dictya hudsonica 1 1 X 1.0 1908 x x 2

137 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Sciomyzidae Dictya pictipes 4 3 1.3 1924 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Dictya sabroskyi 1 1 X 1.0 1900 0 Sciomyzidae Dictya steyskali 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Dictya stricta 1 1 X 1.0 1955 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Dictya texensis 2 2 X 1.0 1911 x 1 Sciomyzidae Dictyacium ambiguum 1 1 X 1.0 1924 0 Sciomyzidae Elgiva solicita 4 4 1.0 1990 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Euthycera arcuata 121 11 11.0 1998 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Hoplodictya setosa 0 0 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Limnia boscii 17 4 4.3 1913 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Limnia conica 4 3 1.3 1924 x 1 Sciomyzidae Limnia fitchi 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Sciomyzidae Limnia georgiae 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Limnia loewi 9 2 4.5 1907 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Limnia ottawensis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Limnia septentrionalis 22 3 7.3 1905 x 1 Sciomyzidae Limnia shannoni 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Sciomyzidae Limnia sparsa 1 1 X 1.0 1963 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia albovaria 3 1 X 3.0 1913 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia anubis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia beatricis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia griseola 0 0 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia nana 15 3 5.0 1911 0 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia parallela 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia schoenherri 1 1 X 1.0 1924 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia seticosa 0 0 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia similis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia teuipes 1 1 X 1.0 1924 0 Sciomyzidae Pherbellia vitalis 1 1 X 1.0 1963 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Poecilographa decora 1 1 X 1.0 1921 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Pteromicra nigrimana 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pteromicra pectorosa 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pteromicra pleuralis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Pteromicra similis 0 0 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Pteromicra sphenura 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Renocera amanda 1 1 X 1.0 1963 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Renocera brevis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Renocera longipes 2 1 X 2.0 1963 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Sciomyza aristalis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Sciomyza varia 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Sepedon armipes 10 4 2.5 1963 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Sepedon borealis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Sepedon fuscipennis 40 7 5.7 1936 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Sepedon lignator 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Sepedon neili 0 0 x 1

138 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Sciomyzidae Sepedon pusilla 6 3 2.0 1940 x 1 Sciomyzidae Sepedon spinipes 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Sepedon tenuicornis 0 0 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera annae 2 2 X 1.0 1963 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera clara 2 1 X 2.0 1956 x 1 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera ferruginea 2 2 X 1.0 1921 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera fuscinervis 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera loewi 16 4 4.0 1909 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera melanostigma 5 1 X 5.0 1963 x 1 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera montana 0 0 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera oxia 0 0 x 1 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera plebeja 48 8 6.0 1963 x 1 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera plumose 30 10 3.0 1993 x x x 3 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera rodunticornis 1 1 X 1.0 1924 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera valida 3 3 1.0 1975 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Tetanocera vicina 19 5 3.8 1959 x x 2 Sciomyzidae Trepetoptera canadensis 22 6 3.7 1997 x x x 3 Sepsidae Enicita annulipes 0 0 x 1 Sepsidae Enicomira minor 0 0 x 1 Sepsidae Meroplius stercoraria 8 3 2.7 1905 x 1 Sepsidae Nemopoda nitidula 36 7 5.1 1982 x x 2 Sepsidae Saltella sphondylii 0 0 x 1 Sepsidae Sepsis biflexuosa 0 0 x 1 Sepsidae Sepsis flavimana 8 2 4.0 1905 0 Sepsidae Sepsis neocynipsea 9 5 1.8 1959 x x x 3 Sepsidae Sepsis puncta 76 8 9.5 1967 x x 2 Sepsidae Sepsis vicaria 0 0 x 1 Sepsidae Themira flavicoxa 0 0 x 1 Sepsidae Themira minor 3 1 X 3.0 1918 x 1 Sepsidae Themira nigricornis 3 3 1.0 1963 x x 2 Sepsidae Themira pusilla 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Sepsidae Themira putris 6 1 X 6.0 no data x x 2 Simuliidae Simulium decorum 4 3 1.3 1989 0 Simuliidae Simulium emarginatum 0 0 x 1 Simuliidae Stegopterna mutata 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Actina viridis 22 6 3.7 1993 x x x 3 Stratiomyidae Adoxomyia subulata 2 1 X 2.0 no data x 1 Stratiomyidae Allognosta fuscitarsis 77 9 8.6 1994 x x 2 Stratiomyidae Allognosta obscuriventris 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Stratiomyidae Berkshiria albistylum 64 4 16.0 1998 x x 2 Stratiomyidae Caloparyphus tetraspilus 2 2 X 1.0 1979 x 1 Stratiomyidae Cephalochrysa nigricornis 11 3 3.7 1940 x 1 Stratiomyidae Eupachygaster punctifera 1 1 X 1.0 1912 0 Stratiomyidae Euparyphus stigmaticalis 1 1 X 1.0 1969 0 Stratiomyidae Gowdeyana punctifera 1 1 X 1.0 1911 0

139 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Stratiomyidae Hedriodiscus binotata 0 0 x 1 Stratiomyidae Hedriodiscus vertebratus 1 1 X 1.0 1909 x 1 Stratiomyidae Hermetia illucens 3 2 1.5 1999 x 1 Stratiomyidae Labostigmina hieroglyphica 0 0 x 1 Stratiomyidae Labostigmina megantica 1 1 X 1.0 1996 x 1 Stratiomyidae Microchrysa flavicornis 3 3 1.0 1986 0 Stratiomyidae Microchrysa polita 76 12 6.3 1998 0 Stratiomyidae Neopachygaster reniformis 24 2 12.0 1912 0 Stratiomyidae Neopachygaster vitrea 2 1 X 2.0 1904 0 Stratiomyidae Odontomyia borealis 5 3 1.7 1990 0 Stratiomyidae Odontomyia cincta 2 1 X 2.0 1967 x 1 Stratiomyidae Odontomyia hydroleonoieds 1 1 X 1.0 1924 0 Stratiomyidae Odontomyia interrupta 7 2 3.5 1994 x 1 Stratiomyidae Odontomyia plebeja 3 3 1.0 1993 0 Stratiomyidae Odontomyia virgo 16 9 1.8 1993 x 1 Stratiomyidae Oxycera albovittata 3 3 1.0 1973 0 Stratiomyidae Oxycera picta 2 1 X 2.0 1997 x 1 Stratiomyidae Oxycera variegata 5 5 1.0 1998 x 1 Stratiomyidae Pachygaster pulchra 12 1 X 12.0 1914 0 Stratiomyidae Ptecticus sackenii 5 3 1.7 1907 x x x 3 Stratiomyidae Ptecticus trivittatus 156 12 13.0 1998 x 1 Stratiomyidae Sargus cupraria 26 8 3.3 1997 x 1 Stratiomyidae Sargus decorus 173 15 11.5 1998 x x 2 Stratiomyidae Sargus elegans 20 6 3.3 1996 x 1 Stratiomyidae Sargus viridis 5 2 2.5 1911 x x 2 Stratiomyidae Stratiomys adelpha 8 4 2.0 2002 x 1 Stratiomyidae Stratiomys discalis 12 5 2.4 1998 x 1 Stratiomyidae Stratiomys meigenii 39 7 5.6 2002 x 1 Stratiomyidae Stratiomys norma 7 5 1.4 1998 x 1 Stratiomyidae Stratiomys ohioensis 9 3 3.0 2002 x 1 Syrphidae Allograpta obliqua 35 6 5.8 1931 x x 2 Syrphidae Baccha elongata 12 5 2.4 1910 0 Syrphidae Blera analis 1 1 X 1.0 1941 x 1 Syrphidae Blera badia 2 2 X 1.0 1967 x 1 Syrphidae Blera confusa 1 1 X 1.0 1941 0 Syrphidae Brachyopa flavescens 2 1 X 2.0 1911 0 Syrphidae Brachyopa perplexa 13 2 6.5 1912 0 Syrphidae Brachypalpus oarus 6 5 1.2 1941 0 Syrphidae Ceriana abbreviata 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Ceriana signifera 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Syrphidae Cheilosia capillata 2 2 X 1.0 1941 0 Syrphidae Cheilosia leucoparea 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Cheilosia pallipes 2 2 X 1.0 1928 x x 2 Syrphidae Criorhina nigriventris 2 2 X 1.0 1929 0 Syrphidae Criorhina verbosa 2 2 X 1.0 1957 0

140 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Syrphidae Dasysyrphus osburni 1 1 X 1.0 1929 0 Syrphidae Didea fasciata 22 4 5.5 1951 x 1 Syrphidae Didea laxa 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Epistrophe emarginata 4 4 1.0 1999 x 1 Syrphidae Epistrophe grossulariae 9 5 1.8 1958 x x 2 Syrphidae Epistrophe xanthostoma 2 2 X 1.0 1967 0 Syrphidae Eristalis aeneus 10 1 X 10.0 1903 0 Syrphidae Eristalis anthophorinus 16 4 4.0 1924 0 Syrphidae Eristalis arbustorum 96 15 6.4 1951 x 1 Syrphidae Eristalis bardus 25 8 3.1 1924 x x 2 Syrphidae Eristalis bastardii 19 4 4.8 1918 x 1 Syrphidae Eristalis brousii 24 1 X 24.0 no data x 1 Syrphidae Eristalis dimidiatus 34 4 8.5 1924 x 1 Syrphidae Eristalis tenax 164 13 12.6 1958 x x x 3 Syrphidae Eristalis transversus 32 12 2.7 1958 x 1 Syrphidae Ferdinandea dives 4 4 1.0 1940 x 1 Syrphidae Helophilus fasciatus 8 3 2.7 no data x 1 Syrphidae Helophilus latifrons 1 1 X 1.0 1908 0 Syrphidae Helophilus lunulatus 2 1 X 2.0 1915 0 Syrphidae Helophilus obscurus 10 3 3.3 1905 0 Syrphidae Helophilus relictus 13 4 3.3 1925 0 Syrphidae Helophilus stipatus 3 2 1.5 1918 0 Syrphidae Lejota aerea 3 3 1.0 1940 0 Syrphidae Leucozona lucorum 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Mallota bautias 7 3 2.3 1957 0 Syrphidae Mallota posticata 20 5 4.0 1912 x 1 Syrphidae Mallota sackeni 3 3 1.0 1907 x 1 Syrphidae Melangyna cherokeenensis 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Syrphidae Melanostoma mellinum 59 11 5.4 1939 x x 2 Syrphidae Melanostoma pictipes 4 1 X 4.0 1959 0 Syrphidae Meliscaeva cinctella 3 1 X 3.0 no data x 1 Syrphidae Merodon equestris 3 1 X 3.0 1924 0 Syrphidae Mesograpta marginata 137 10 13.7 1967 x x 2 Syrphidae Mesograpta polita 10 4 2.5 1921 x x 2 Syrphidae Metasyrphus americanus 87 10 8.7 1967 x 1 Syrphidae Metasyrphus depressus 1 1 X 1.0 1913 0 Syrphidae Metasyrphus lapponicus 4 2 2.0 1953 0 Syrphidae Metasyrphus latifasciatus 6 2 3.0 1905 x 1 Syrphidae Metasyrphus medius 5 3 1.7 1956 0 Syrphidae Metasyrphus ochrostomus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Syrphidae Metasyrphus perplexus 10 4 2.5 1952 0 Syrphidae Metasyrphus pomus 1 1 X 1.0 1913 0 Syrphidae Metasyrphus vinelandi 9 5 1.8 1931 0 Syrphidae Microdon conflictus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Syrphidae Microdon fuscipennis 0 0 x 1

141 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Syrphidae Microdon megalogaster 2 2 X 1.0 1928 x 1 Syrphidae Milesia virginiensis 34 10 3.4 1959 x 1 Syrphidae Myolepta nigra 1 1 X 1.0 1911 x 1 Syrphidae Ocyptamus costata 4 3 1.3 1910 0 Syrphidae Ocyptamus fascipennis 7 3 2.3 1945 x 1 Syrphidae Ocyptamus fuscipennis 41 6 6.8 1930 x x 2 Syrphidae Paragus haemorrhous 8 6 1.3 1939 x x 2 Syrphidae Parhelophilus divisus 3 2 1.5 1918 0 Syrphidae Parhelophilus laetus 14 5 2.8 1914 0 Syrphidae Platycheirus granditarsis 7 2 3.5 1925 0 Syrphidae Platycheirus hyperboreus 17 7 2.4 1958 x 1 Syrphidae Platycheirus nearcticus 1 1 X 1.0 1924 x 1 Syrphidae Platycheirus obscura 26 6 4.3 1952 x x 2 Syrphidae Platycheirus quadratus 21 4 5.3 1924 x x 2 Syrphidae Platycheirus scamboides 5 2 2.5 1941 0 Syrphidae Platycheirus scambus 5 4 1.3 1959 0 Syrphidae Pterallastes thoracicus 20 3 6.7 1905 x 1 Syrphidae Rhingia nasica 67 11 6.1 1959 x x 2 Syrphidae Sericomyia chrysotoxoides 7 3 2.3 1953 x x 2 Syrphidae Sericomyia lata 1 1 X 1.0 1941 0 Syrphidae Sericomyia militaris 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Somula decora 6 3 2.0 1912 x 1 Syrphidae Sphaerophoria abbreviata 1 1 X 1.0 1995 0 Syrphidae Sphaerophoria contigua 1 1 X 1.0 1995 0 Syrphidae Sphecomyia vittata 1 1 X 1.0 1954 0 Syrphidae Sphegina appalachiensis 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Sphegina campanulata 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Syrphidae Sphegina flavimana 3 2 1.5 1924 x x 2 Syrphidae Sphegina flavomaculata 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Sphegina keeniana 10 3 3.3 1909 x x 2 Syrphidae Sphegina lobata 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Sphegina petiolata 0 0 x 1 Syrphidae Sphegina rufiventris 6 1 X 6.0 1924 x 1 Syrphidae Spilomyia fusca 7 2 3.5 1940 x x 2 Syrphidae Spilomyia hamifera 3 3 1.0 no data x 1 Syrphidae Spilomyia longicornis 11 7 1.6 1930 x x 2 Syrphidae Spilomyia quadrifasciata 2 1 X 2.0 1946 x 1 Syrphidae Syritta pipiens 74 13 5.7 1940 x 1 Syrphidae Syrphus knabi 3 3 1.0 1951 x 1 Syrphidae Syrphus rectus 54 14 3.9 1967 x x 2 Syrphidae Syrphus torvus 29 8 3.6 1958 x x 2 Syrphidae Syrphus vitripennis 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Syrphidae Syrphus vittafrons 13 5 2.6 1957 x 1 Syrphidae Temnostoma alternans 2 2 X 1.0 1946 x 1 Syrphidae Temnostoma balyras 6 2 3.0 1905 x 1

142 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Syrphidae Temnostoma barberi 2 2 X 1.0 1927 0 Syrphidae Temnostoma excentricum 4 2 2.0 1939 x 1 Syrphidae Temnostoma trifasciatum 1 1 X 1.0 1905 x 1 Syrphidae Toxomerus geminatus 107 8 13.4 1967 x x 2 Syrphidae Tropidia albistylum 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Syrphidae Tropidia calcarata 1 1 X 1.0 1939 0 Syrphidae Tropidia quadrata 18 5 3.6 1952 x 1 Syrphidae Volucella bombylans 7 3 2.3 no data x x 2 Syrphidae Volucella vesicularia 7 2 3.5 1909 0 Syrphidae Xanthogramma flavipes 12 3 4.0 1917 x 1 Syrphidae Xylota angustiventris 24 5 4.8 1924 x x 2 Syrphidae Xylota anthreas 1 1 X 1.0 1912 0 Syrphidae Xylota chalybea 12 6 2.0 1938 x x 2 Syrphidae Xylota libo 2 2 X 1.0 1957 0 Syrphidae Xylota metallifera 1 1 X 1.0 1941 0 Syrphidae Xylota nemorum 28 9 3.1 1960 x 1 Syrphidae Xylota quadrimaculata 13 6 2.2 1995 x 1 Syrphidae Xylota subfasciata 9 4 2.3 1967 x 1 Syrphidae Xylota tuberculata 3 2 1.5 1953 0 Syrphidae Xylota vecors 1 1 X 1.0 1958 0 Tabanidae Atylotus bicolor 2 2 X 1.0 1940 x 1 Tabanidae Atylotus ohioensis 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tabanidae Chrysops aberrans 11 7 1.6 1996 x x x 3 Tabanidae Chrysops aestuans 24 1 X 24.0 1940 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops ater 10 7 1.4 1997 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops brimleyi 2 1 X 2.0 1996 0 Tabanidae Chrysops brunneus 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops callidus 41 19 2.2 1997 x x x 3 Tabanidae Chrysops calvus 11 5 2.2 1998 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops carbonarius 37 11 3.4 1996 x x x x 4 Tabanidae Chrysops celatus 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops cincticornis 34 16 2.1 1998 x x x 3 Tabanidae Chrysops cuclux 19 15 1.3 1996 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops cursim 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops dacne 3 2 1.5 1958 0 Tabanidae Chrysops delicatulus 0 0 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops divisus 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tabanidae Chrysops excitans 9 2 4.5 1997 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops flavidus 0 0 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops frigidus 18 5 3.6 1997 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops geminatus 71 12 5.9 1998 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops impunctus 6 3 2.0 1994 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops indus 48 11 4.4 1997 x x x 3 Tabanidae Chrysops lateralis 14 3 4.7 1997 x x x 3 Tabanidae Chrysops macquarti 166 10 16.6 1997 x x x 3

143 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tabanidae Chrysops mitis 19 5 3.8 1997 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops moechus 4 3 1.3 1997 x x x 3 Tabanidae Chrysops montanus 4 2 2.0 1997 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops niger 58 19 3.1 1997 x x x 3 Tabanidae Chrysops obsoletus 10 5 2.0 1940 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops parvulus 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops pikei 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops pudicus 2 1 X 2.0 no data 0 Tabanidae Chrysops sackenii 6 5 1.2 1996 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops shermani 8 5 1.6 1996 x x 2 Tabanidae Chrysops striatus 1 1 X 1.0 1993 x 1 Tabanidae Chrysops univittatus 34 14 2.4 1996 x x x x 4 Tabanidae Chrysops vittatus 161 28 5.8 1998 x x x x 4 Tabanidae Goniops chrysocoma 29 11 2.6 1995 x x x x 4 Tabanidae Hybomitra aurilimbus 15 3 5.0 1997 x 1 Tabanidae Hybomitra cincta 22 9 2.4 1997 x 1 Tabanidae Hybomitra difficilis 269 16 16.8 1998 x x 2 Tabanidae Hybomitra epistates 2 2 X 1.0 1997 x x 2 Tabanidae Hybomitra hinei 23 2 11.5 1997 0 Tabanidae Hybomitra illota 1 1 X 1.0 1984 0 Tabanidae Hybomitra lasiophthalma 148 21 7.0 1998 x x x 3 Tabanidae Hybomitra microcephala 22 9 2.4 1997 x x 2 Tabanidae Hybomitra minuscula 0 0 x x 2 Tabanidae Hybomitra nudus 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Hybomitra pechumani 54 6 9.0 1997 0 Tabanidae Hybomitra sodalis 43 12 3.6 1998 x 1 Tabanidae Hybomitra trispila 2 2 X 1.0 1926 x 1 Tabanidae Hybomitra typhus 0 0 x x 2 Tabanidae Hybomitra zonalis 1 1 X 1.0 1997 x 1 Tabanidae Silvius gigantulus 1 1 X 1.0 1962 0 Tabanidae Stonemyia rasa 7 6 1.2 1997 x 1 Tabanidae Stonemyia tranquilla 19 5 3.8 1997 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus americanus 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus atratus 33 9 3.7 1975 x x x x 4 Tabanidae Tabanus calens 18 4 4.5 2002 x x x 3 Tabanidae Tabanus catenatus 4 4 1.0 1998 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus fairchildi 3 2 1.5 1912 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus fulvulus 1 1 X 1.0 1996 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus fusconervosus 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus himellus 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus limbatinevris 1 1 X 1.0 1994 0 Tabanidae Tabanus lineola 11 6 1.8 1998 x x x 3 Tabanidae Tabanus marginalis 1 1 X 1.0 1959 x x 2 Tabanidae Tabanus melanocerus 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus molestus 0 0 x x x 3

144 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tabanidae Tabanus nigrescens 12 7 1.7 1997 0 Tabanidae Tabanus nigripes 0 0 x x 2 Tabanidae Tabanus nigrovittatus 0 0 x x 2 Tabanidae Tabanus novaescotiae 0 0 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus pumilus 11 8 1.4 1998 x x 2 Tabanidae Tabanus quinquevittatus 36 20 1.8 1997 x x x 3 Tabanidae Tabanus reinwardtii 22 8 2.8 1970 x 1 Tabanidae Tabanus sackeni 305 17 17.9 2002 x x 2 Tabanidae Tabanus similis 18 7 2.6 1994 x x x 3 Tabanidae Tabanus sparus 75 11 6.8 1997 x x 2 Tabanidae Tabanus stygius 1 1 X 1.0 1917 0 Tabanidae Tabanus sublongus 1 1 X 1.0 1994 0 Tabanidae Tabanus subniger 7 5 1.4 1969 0 Tabanidae Tabanus subsimilis 7 7 1.0 1998 x x 2 Tabanidae Tabanus sulcifrons 83 17 4.9 1998 x x x x 4 Tabanidae Tabanus superjumertarius 8 6 1.3 1998 x x x 3 Tabanidae Tabanus trimaculatus 11 7 1.6 2003 0 Tabanidae Tabanus vivax 1 1 X 1.0 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Admontia degeeriodes 13 3 4.3 1976 x 1 Tachinidae Allophorocera arator 6 2 3.0 1995 x 1 Tachinidae Anisia flaveola 3 2 1.5 1975 x 1 Tachinidae Anisia gilyipes 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Tachinidae Anoxynops aldrichi 3 1 X 3.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Aphria ocypterata 18 4 4.5 1941 x 1 Tachinidae Aplomya theclarum 11 3 3.7 no data x x 2 Tachinidae Archytas instabilis 1 1 X 1.0 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Austrophorocera einaris 2 1 X 2.0 1996 x x 2 Tachinidae Belida chaetoneura 2 2 X 1.0 1993 0 Tachinidae Belvosia bifasciata 7 5 1.4 1990 0 Tachinidae Belvosia borealis 17 11 1.5 1988 x 1 Tachinidae Belvosia unifasciata 3 3 1.0 1993 x 1 Tachinidae Billaea rutilans 44 5 8.8 1990 x 1 Tachinidae Blepharipa pratensis 4 4 1.0 1993 0 Tachinidae Blondelia eufitchiae 1 1 X 1.0 1982 0 Tachinidae Blondelia hyphantriae 6 4 1.5 1995 x x 2 Tachinidae Calolydella lathami 23 7 3.3 1995 x x 2 Tachinidae Carcelia reclinata 2 1 X 2.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Ceranthia flavipes 5 1 X 5.0 1908 0 Tachinidae Chaetogaedia analis 10 6 1.7 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Chaetonopsis spinosa 4 3 1.3 1917 x 1 Tachinidae Chaetoplagia atripennis 4 3 1.3 1987 0 Tachinidae Chaetostigmoptera manca 1 1 X 1.0 1912 0 Tachinidae Cholomyia inaequipes 2 2 X 1.0 1961 x 1 Tachinidae Chrysotachina alcedo 1 1 X 1.0 1926 x 1 Tachinidae Compsilura concinnata 1 1 X 1.0 1946 x x 2

145 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tachinidae Copecrypta ruficauda 7 5 1.4 1961 x 1 Tachinidae Cryptomeigenia hinei 1 1 X 1.0 1988 x 1 Tachinidae Cryptomeigenia triangularis 1 1 X 1.0 1962 0 Tachinidae Cyrtophleba coquilletti 1 1 X 1.0 1958 x 1 Tachinidae Cyrtophleba nitida 3 2 1.5 1994 0 Tachinidae Cyzenis ustulata 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Deopalpus hirsutus 2 2 X 1.0 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Dichocera lyrata 1 1 X 1.0 1995 0 Tachinidae Dinera grisescens 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Drino incompta 32 2 16.0 1928 0 Tachinidae Epalpus signifer 35 15 2.3 1996 x x x 3 Tachinidae Eriothrix penitalis 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Eucelatoria dimmocki 0 0 x x 2 Tachinidae Euexorista futilis 6 4 1.5 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Eulasiona comstocki 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Eumasicera coccidella 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Eumasicera sternalis 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Eumea caesar 1 1 X 1.0 1913 0 Tachinidae Eutrixa exilis 10 1 X 10.0 1911 0 Tachinidae Exorista dydas 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Tachinidae Exorista mella 5 1 X 5.0 1911 x 1 Tachinidae Frontiniella spectabilis 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Gaediopsis ocellaris 3 3 1.0 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Genea tenera 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Tachinidae Gnadochaeta nigrifrons 1 1 X 1.0 1982 x x 2 Tachinidae Gonia frontosa 28 8 3.5 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Gonia senilis 1 1 X 1.0 1941 0 Tachinidae Goniocera io 1 1 X 1.0 1994 0 Tachinidae Gymnocheta ruficornia 4 3 1.3 1939 0 Tachinidae Hyphantrophaga blanda 5 2 2.5 1995 x 1 Tachinidae Hyphantrophaga virilis 9 4 2.3 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Hystricia abrupta 55 11 5.0 1951 x x 2 Tachinidae Jurinia pompalis 0 0 x x 2 Tachinidae Juriniopsis adusta 21 9 2.3 1994 x x 2 Tachinidae Kirbya setosa 4 2 2.0 1908 x 1 Tachinidae Leschenaultia exul 11 9 1.2 1995 x 1 Tachinidae Leschenaultia fulvipes 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Leschenaultia fusca 28 11 2.5 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Leschenaultia halisidotae 8 5 1.6 1940 x 1 Tachinidae Leschenaultia leucophrys 10 5 2.0 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Leskia tenera 1 1 X 1.0 1957 0 Tachinidae Lespesia archippivora 1 1 X 1.0 1990 x x 2 Tachinidae Lixophaga discalis 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Lixophaga unicolor 1 1 X 1.0 1931 x x 2 Tachinidae Lydina areos 5 2 2.5 1969 0

146 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tachinidae Lypha intermedia 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Lypha johnsoni 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Lypha slossonae 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Microphthalma disjuncta 3 3 1.0 1995 x 1 Tachinidae Microphthalma michiganensis 2 2 X 1.0 1994 0 Tachinidae Myiopharus aberrans 2 2 X 1.0 1963 x 1 Tachinidae Myiopharus dorsalis 3 3 1.0 no data x x 2 Tachinidae Myiopharus doryphorae 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Tachinidae Myiopharus macella 6 5 1.2 1911 x 1 Tachinidae Mystacella chrysoprocta 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2 Tachinidae Neomintho celer 1 1 X 1.0 1997 0 Tachinidae Opsomeigenia flavipalpis 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Opsomeigenia pusilla 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Oswaldia assimilis 2 1 X 2.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Oswaldia aurifrons 2 2 X 1.0 1987 x 1 Tachinidae Oswaldia minor 1 1 X 1.0 1962 0 Tachinidae Panzeria ampelus 6 5 1.2 1995 x x 2 Tachinidae Panzeria aucuata 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Panzeria johnsoni 23 8 2.9 1996 0 Tachinidae Panzeria nigropalpis 3 3 1.0 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Panzeria platycarina 2 2 X 1.0 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Pararchytas hammondi 1 1 X 1.0 1990 x 1 Tachinidae Parasetigena silvestris 12 11 1.1 1997 x 1 Tachinidae Patelloa leucaniae 2 2 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Patelloa meracanthae 2 1 X 2.0 no data x 1 Tachinidae Patelloa pachypyga 13 7 1.9 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Patelloa reinhardi 66 7 9.4 1995 x 1 Tachinidae Pelatachina pellucida 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Peleteria iterans 2 2 X 1.0 1924 x 1 Tachinidae Periscepsia clesides 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Periscepsia laevigata 4 3 1.3 1993 0 Tachinidae Phasia fenestrata 2 2 X 1.0 1940 0 Tachinidae Phasiops flavus 1 1 X 1.0 1975 0 Tachinidae Phebellia helvina 4 2 2.0 no data x x 2 Tachinidae Phorocera aequalis 10 3 3.3 1995 0 Tachinidae Phorocera convexa 0 0 x 1 Tachinidae Phorocera webberi 3 2 1.5 1994 x 1 Tachinidae Phryxe pecosensis 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Tachinidae Phryxe vulgaris 1 1 X 1.0 1964 0 Tachinidae Phytomyptera palpigera 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Platymya confusionis 3 1 X 3.0 no data x 1 Tachinidae Pseudopachystylum debile 1 1 X 1.0 1940 0 Tachinidae Solieria flava 5 2 2.5 1913 0 Tachinidae Spallanzania hesperidarum 10 3 3.3 1905 x x 2 Tachinidae Spathidexia clemonsi 1 1 X 1.0 no data x x 2

147 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tachinidae Spathidexia dunningii 1 1 X 1.0 1969 0 Tachinidae Tachinomyia apicata 11 9 1.2 1996 x x 2 Tachinidae Tachinomyia nigricans 37 13 2.8 1997 x 1 Tachinidae Tachinomyia panaetius 1 1 X 1.0 1917 x x 2 Tachinidae Tachinomyia variata 11 6 1.8 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Thelaira americana 13 11 1.2 1996 x x x 3 Tachinidae Thelairodoria setinervis 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Thelymyia curriei 4 3 1.3 1967 x x 2 Tachinidae Uramya limacodis 3 1 X 3.0 no data x 1 Tachinidae Uramya pristis 4 2 2.0 1996 x 1 Tachinidae Voria ruralis 5 2 2.5 1908 x 1 Tachinidae Wagneria vernata 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Tachinidae Zelia vertebrate 8 6 1.3 1996 0 Tanyderidae Protoplasa fitchii 17 1 X 17.0 1996 x 1 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Dioxyna picciola 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Euaresta aequalis 7 4 1.8 1921 x 1 Tephritidae Euaresta bella 225 18 12.5 1983 x x x 3 Tephritidae Euaresta festiva 23 4 5.8 1951 x x 2 Tephritidae Euleia fratria 13 1 X 13.0 1914 x 1 Tephritidae Eurosta comma 20 10 2.0 1991 x x x 3 Tephritidae Eurosta reticulata 2 2 X 1.0 1951 x 1 Tephritidae Eurosta solidaginis 23 13 1.8 1993 x x 2 Tephritidae Eutreta frontalis 2 2 X 1.0 1993 x 1 Tephritidae Eutreta novaeboracensis 2 1 X 2.0 1993 x 1 Tephritidae Icterica circinata 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Icterica seriata 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Jamesomyia geminata 3 3 1.0 1941 x 1 Tephritidae Neaspilota achilleae 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Neaspilota alba 1 1 X 1.0 no data x 1 Tephritidae Neaspilota albidipennis 13 3 4.3 1939 x 1 Tephritidae Neaspilota vernoniae 2 1 X 2.0 1911 x 1 Tephritidae Orellia ruficauda 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Procecidochares atra 11 4 2.8 1998 x x x 3 Tephritidae Procecidocharoides penelope 9 4 2.3 1994 x 1 Tephritidae Rhagoletis basiola 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Rhagoletis cingulata 39 5 7.8 1994 x 1 Tephritidae Rhagoletis cornivora 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Rhagoletis electromorpha 1 1 X 1.0 1924 0 Tephritidae Rhagoletis pomonella 3 3 1.0 1964 x 1 Tephritidae Rhagoletis suavis 15 7 2.1 1994 x x 2 Tephritidae Stenopa vulnerata 2 2 X 1.0 1957 x 1 Tephritidae Strauzia intermedia 8 5 1.6 1987 x 1 Tephritidae Strauzia longipennis 101 10 10.1 1989 x x x 3 Tephritidae Strauzia perfecta 34 4 8.5 1958 x 1

148 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tephritidae Tephritis michiganensis 1 1 X 1.0 1994 0 Tephritidae Tomoplagia obliqua 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Trupanea dacetoptera 1 1 X 1.0 1938 x 1 Tephritidae sigma 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Trypeta tortile 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Xanthaciura tetraspina 0 0 x 1 Tephritidae Xanthomyia platyptera 16 6 2.7 1939 x 1 Tethinidae Pelomyiella mallochi 0 0 x 1 Tethinidae Tethina albula 0 0 x 1 Therevidae Psilocephala frontalis 4 3 1.3 no data 0 Therevidae Spiriverpa bella 7 6 1.2 1998 x 1 Therevidae Spiriverpa senex 1 1 X 1.0 1993 x 1 Tipulidae Antocha opalizans 21 9 2.3 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Antocha saxicola 43 10 4.3 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Atarba picticornis 23 6 3.8 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Austrolimnophila toxoneura 135 18 7.5 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Chilotrichia stigmatica 60 10 6.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Chionea scita 34 7 4.9 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Cladura flavoferruginea 190 45 4.2 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Ctenophora apicata 7 5 1.4 1994 x 1 Tipulidae Ctenophora dorsalis 37 13 2.8 2004 x x 2 Tipulidae Ctenophora nubecula 5 2 2.5 1983 x x 2 Tipulidae Dactylolabis cubitalis 7 1 X 7.0 1989 x 1 Tipulidae Dactylolabis montana 17 4 4.3 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Dicranoptycha septemtrionis 5 3 1.7 1992 x 1 Tipulidae Dicranoptycha tennessa 30 3 10.0 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Dicranoptycha winnemana 2 1 X 2.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Dicranota noveboracensis 2 1 X 2.0 2004 0 Tipulidae Dicranota pallida 5 4 1.3 1994 0 Tipulidae Dicranota persimilis 1 1 X 1.0 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Dicranota rivularis 2 1 X 2.0 2004 0 Tipulidae Dolichopeza americana 18 8 2.3 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Dolichopeza carolus 54 15 3.6 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Dolichopeza dorsalis 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Dolichopeza johnsonella 5 2 2.5 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Dolichopeza obscura 48 15 3.2 2004 x x 2 Tipulidae Dolichopeza polita 7 2 3.5 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Dolichopeza similes 1 1 X 1.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Dolichopeza subalbipes 2 1 X 2.0 1996 0 Tipulidae Dolichopeza subvenosa 2 1 X 2.0 1996 0 Tipulidae Dolichopeza tridenticulata 68 11 6.2 1997 x x 2 Tipulidae Dolichopeza walleyi 58 6 9.7 2004 0 Tipulidae Elephantomyia westwoodi 67 23 2.9 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Epiphragma fasciapennis 253 45 5.6 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Epiphragma solatrix 110 31 3.5 2004 x 1

149 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tipulidae Erioptera armata 16 8 2.0 2002 x x 2 Tipulidae Erioptera armilaris 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera caliptera 97 16 6.1 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera cana 50 18 2.8 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera chlorophylla 6 2 3.0 1997 x x 2 Tipulidae Erioptera chlorophylloides 2 2 X 1.0 2001 0 Tipulidae Erioptera furcifera 9 2 4.5 1994 0 Tipulidae Erioptera graphica 1 1 X 1.0 1996 0 Tipulidae Erioptera megophthalma 7 3 2.3 1997 0 Tipulidae Erioptera needhami 11 4 2.8 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera parva 28 4 7.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera septemtrionis 180 30 6.0 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera straminea 3 1 X 3.0 2001 0 Tipulidae Erioptera venusta 51 15 3.4 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera vespertina 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Erioptera villosa 5 1 X 5.0 1998 0 Tipulidae Eugnophomyia luctuosa 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Gnophomyia tristissima 29 13 2.2 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Gonomyia blanda 12 1 X 12.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Gonomyia currani 34 4 8.5 1998 0 Tipulidae Gonomyia manca 6 1 X 6.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Gonomyia mathesoni 2 1 X 2.0 2002 0 Tipulidae Gonomyia noveboracensis 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Gonomyia subcinerea 37 9 4.1 2002 0 Tipulidae Gonomyia sulphurella 4 3 1.3 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Helius flavipes 36 10 3.6 2002 0 Tipulidae Hexatoma aurata 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Hexatoma brachycera 6 6 1.0 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Hexatoma brevioricornis 14 4 3.5 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Hexatoma cinerea 3 2 1.5 1991 0 Tipulidae Hexatoma spinosa 12 7 1.7 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Leptotarsus testaceus 5 3 1.7 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila adusta 13 6 2.2 1995 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila adustoides 25 6 4.2 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila albipes 3 1 X 3.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Limnophila alleni 5 2 2.5 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila angustula 23 5 4.6 2004 0 Tipulidae Limnophila aprilina 1 1 X 1.0 1980 0 Tipulidae Limnophila auripennis 11 6 1.8 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila brevifurca 2 2 X 1.0 1995 0 Tipulidae Limnophila caudifera 1 1 X 1.0 1990 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila emmelina 4 2 2.0 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila fasciolata 1 1 X 1.0 1996 0 Tipulidae Limnophila fratria 6 4 1.5 1994 0 Tipulidae Limnophila fuscovaria 86 15 5.7 2004 x 1

150 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tipulidae Limnophila johnsoni 1 1 X 1.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Limnophila laricicola 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila lutea 21 6 3.5 1994 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila luteola 1 1 X 1.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila macrocera 11 8 1.4 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila marchandi 1 1 X 1.0 1998 0 Tipulidae Limnophila munda 4 4 1.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Limnophila novaeangliae 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila platyphallus 13 6 2.2 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila rufibasis 188 32 5.9 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila similis 2 1 X 2.0 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila solstitialis 11 5 2.2 1997 0 Tipulidae Limnophila subcostata 2 1 X 2.0 1985 0 Tipulidae Limnophila subtenuicornis 1 1 X 1.0 1981 0 Tipulidae Limnophila tenuicornis 6 3 2.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limnophila walleyi 6 4 1.5 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia annulata 90 32 2.8 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia brevivena 1 1 X 1.0 1996 0 Tipulidae Limonia bryanti 7 4 1.8 1997 0 Tipulidae Limonia cinctipes 23 15 1.5 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia communis 17 7 2.4 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia distans 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia diversa 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia divisa 6 2 3.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Limonia domestica 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia fallax 3 3 1.0 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia fidelis 22 4 5.5 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia floridana 1 1 X 1.0 1988 0 Tipulidae Limonia fusca 26 6 4.3 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia gibsoni 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia gladiator 1 1 X 1.0 1986 0 Tipulidae Limonia globithorax 2 1 X 2.0 1989 0 Tipulidae Limonia hudsonica 11 7 1.6 1995 0 Tipulidae Limonia humidicola 7 7 1.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia immatura 110 36 3.1 2001 x x 2 Tipulidae Limonia immodesta 3 1 X 3.0 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia immodestoides 4 4 1.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia indigena 66 25 2.6 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia lecontei 307 56 5.5 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia liberta 88 14 6.3 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia macateei 4 3 1.3 1996 0 Tipulidae Limonia maculicosta 1 1 X 1.0 1994 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia novaeangliae 20 3 6.7 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia parietina 24 15 1.6 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia pudica 12 6 2.0 2002 0

151 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tipulidae Limonia rara 21 7 3.0 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia rostrata 13 5 2.6 1998 0 Tipulidae Limonia simulans 2 2 X 1.0 1982 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia sociabilis 1 1 X 1.0 1990 0 Tipulidae Limonia sphagnicola 1 1 X 1.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Limonia spinifera 2 2 X 1.0 1994 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia stulta 26 5 5.2 1997 0 Tipulidae Limonia triocellata 38 24 1.6 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Limonia tristigma 1 1 X 1.0 1996 0 Tipulidae Limonia uliginosa 1 1 X 1.0 1983 0 Tipulidae Liogma nodicornis 9 3 3.0 2004 0 Tipulidae Molophilus cramptoni 38 5 7.6 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Molophilus hirtipennis 12 4 3.0 1994 0 Tipulidae Molophilus huron 5 1 X 5.0 1992 0 Tipulidae Molophilus pubipennis 1 1 X 1.0 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Neocladura delicatula 18 9 2.0 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Neolimnophila ultima 4 2 2.0 2002 0 Tipulidae Nephrotoma alterna 38 18 2.1 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Nephrotoma cingulata 2 1 X 2.0 1990 x 1 Tipulidae Nephrotoma eucera 46 5 9.2 2004 0 Tipulidae Nephrotoma ferruginea 89 26 3.4 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Nephrotoma macrocera 13 5 2.6 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Nephrotoma pedunculata 4 4 1.0 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Nephrotoma sphagnicola 2 2 X 1.0 1995 0 Tipulidae Nephrotoma tenuis 13 6 2.2 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Nephrotoma virescens 29 14 2.1 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Ormosia bilineata 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Ormosia holotricha 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Ormosia hubbelli 1 1 X 1.0 1980 0 Tipulidae Ormosia ingloria 19 5 3.8 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Ormosia innocents 3 2 1.5 2004 0 Tipulidae Ormosia ithacana 2 1 X 2.0 2004 0 Tipulidae Ormosia monticola 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Ormosia nigripila 5 3 1.7 1997 0 Tipulidae Ormosia palpalis 1 1 X 1.0 1981 0 Tipulidae Ormosia pygmaea 1 1 X 1.0 1990 0 Tipulidae Ormosia romanovichiana 57 17 3.4 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Ormosia rubella 60 8 7.5 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Ormosia serridens 60 3 20.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Paradelphomyia americana 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Pedicia albivitta 170 46 3.7 2004 x x 2 Tipulidae Pedicia auripennis 1 1 X 1.0 1905 x 1 Tipulidae Pedicia autumnalis 44 13 3.4 2001 0 Tipulidae Pedicia calcar 92 18 5.1 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Pedicia inconstans 192 49 3.9 2004 x 1

152 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tipulidae Pedicia katahdin 6 2 3.0 2004 0 Tipulidae Pedicia margarita 19 10 1.9 1997 0 Tipulidae Pedicia paludicola 11 3 3.7 1996 0 Tipulidae Pedicia procteriana 21 8 2.6 1995 0 Tipulidae Pedicia vernalis 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Phalacrocera tipulina 4 2 2.0 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Pilaria imbecilla 3 2 1.5 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Pilaria quadrata 7 5 1.4 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Pilaria recondita 3 3 1.0 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Pilaria tenuipes 15 9 1.7 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Pilaria vermontana 1 1 X 1.0 1993 0 Tipulidae Prolimnophila areolata 35 17 2.1 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Pseudolimnophila contempta 7 3 2.3 1997 0 Tipulidae Pseudolimnophila inornata 1 1 X 1.0 1994 x x 2 Tipulidae Pseudolimnophila luteipennis 73 13 5.6 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Shannonomyia lenta 75 20 3.8 2004 0 Tipulidae Teucholabis complexa 38 6 6.3 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula abdominalis 89 35 2.5 2001 x x x 3 Tipulidae Tipula algonquin 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula angulata 1 1 X 1.0 2004 0 Tipulidae Tipula annulicornis 7 1 X 7.0 1998 0 Tipulidae Tipula apicalis 24 8 3.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Tipula aprilina 2 2 X 1.0 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula bicornis 82 24 3.4 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula borealis 88 16 5.5 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula caloptera 21 17 1.2 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula cayuga 14 4 3.5 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula colei 27 5 5.4 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula collaris 17 10 1.7 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula concava 16 6 2.7 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula cunctans 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula dejecta 7 3 2.3 1995 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula duplex 198 47 4.2 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula eluta 6 4 1.5 1997 0 Tipulidae Tipula entomophthorae 55 17 3.2 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula flavibasis 10 1 X 10.0 1994 0 Tipulidae Tipula flavoumbrosa 10 3 3.3 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula fragilis 52 31 1.7 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula fuliginosa 52 16 3.3 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula furca 88 36 2.4 2002 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula georgiana 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula helderbergensis 2 1 X 2.0 1981 0 Tipulidae Tipula hermannia 4 3 1.3 2004 0 Tipulidae Tipula hirsuta 74 23 3.2 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula hugginsi 3 3 1.0 2004 0

153 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Tipulidae Tipula ignobilis 13 4 3.3 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula illinoiensis 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula illustris 11 1 X 11.0 1909 0 Tipulidae Tipula inermis 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula iroquois 4 2 2.0 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula jacobus 21 8 2.6 1997 0 Tipulidae Tipula johnsoniana 8 6 1.3 2004 0 Tipulidae Tipula kennicotti 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula longiventris 189 32 5.9 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula mallochi 68 29 2.3 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula margarita 12 1 X 12.0 1986 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula metacomet 3 2 1.5 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula monticola 60 17 3.5 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula morrisoni 3 2 1.5 1997 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula nobilis 11 5 2.2 1995 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula noveboracensis 10 7 1.4 1998 x x 2 Tipulidae Tipula oropezoides 2 1 X 2.0 1940 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula paterifera 30 17 1.8 2001 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula penobscot 4 4 1.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Tipula perlongipes 2 1 X 2.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Tipula sayi 72 32 2.3 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula senega 54 20 2.7 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula spenceriana 2 2 X 1.0 1998 0 Tipulidae Tipula stonei 11 10 1.1 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula strepens 31 15 2.1 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula submaculata 239 38 6.3 2004 x x 2 Tipulidae Tipula tennessa 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula tephrocephala 23 10 2.3 1998 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula translucida 1 1 X 1.0 1996 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula tricolor 32 16 2.0 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula trivittata 105 34 3.1 2004 x x 2 Tipulidae Tipula ultima 118 39 3.0 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula undulata 11 7 1.6 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula unimaculata 4 1 X 4.0 1989 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula valida 51 23 2.2 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Tipula williamsiana 70 5 14.0 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Toxorhina magna 0 0 x 1 Tipulidae Toxorhina muliebris 1 1 X 1.0 1997 0 Tipulidae Ula elegans 2 2 X 1.0 1995 0 Tipulidae Ula paupera 52 13 4.0 2004 x 1 Tipulidae Ulomorpha pilosella 5 2 2.5 1997 0 Tipulidae Ulomorpha rogersella 6 2 3.0 1994 0 Trichocera bituberculata 1 1 X 1.0 1992 0 Trichoceridae Trichocera fattigiana 1 1 X 1.0 1992 0 Trichoceridae Trichocera garretti 6 1 X 6.0 1991 0

154 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Statewide Research Priority Needs – Invertebrate Conservation in Pennsylvania 9 The Need for Invertebrate Biotic Inventory 9.4

Most Recent PA PA Prioritize Specimens/ Year FAMILY GENUS SPECIES Specimens Localities Evaluation Locality In PA DE MD NJ NY OH WV Neighbors Xylomyidae Xylomya americana 1 1 X 1.0 1941 0 Xylomyidae Xylomya aterrima 1 1 X 1.0 no data 0 Xylomyidae Xylomya pallidifemur 4 1 X 4.0 1914 0 Xylomyidae Xylomya simillima 11 2 5.5 1904 x 1 Xylomyidae Xylomya tenthredinoides 20 5 4.0 1953 0 Coenomyia ferruginea 9 7 1.3 1998 x 1 Xylophagidae Dialysis elongata 11 2 5.5 1913 0 Xylophagidae Dialysis fasciventris 12 5 2.4 1920 0 Xylophagidae Dialysis rufithorax 0 0 x 1 Xylophagidae Xylophagus lugens 5 4 1.3 1956 0 Xylophagidae Xylophagus reflectens 7 4 1.8 1990 0

155 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Uncertain 10 Need for Convservation

This list is presented in alphabetical order by higher taxa and scientific name. It contains 52 species for which status below the level of Tier 5 is uncertain. Many of these species may be secure, but some may be of special concern, and all require further research and survey data to evaluate status. Ranks follow the Natural Heritage Network for species listed by them. For species not listed by the Network, a comparable ranking in the same form is offered, either as a new ranking or one interpreted from other ranking systems.

Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae Bathyphantes weyeri - A cave . Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae Stygobromus tenuis - Piedmont groundwater amphipod. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Anostraca: Chirocephalidae Eubranchipus vernalis - Springtime fairy shrimp. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Podocopida: Entocytheridae Dactylocythere suteri - An ostracod. Rank: SUGU

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae Heterocloeon anoka - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae Epeorus pleuralis - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG4 Leucrocuta minerva - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG4 Stenacron candidum - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG4 Stenacron gildersleevei - Gildersleeve's stenacron mayfly. Rank: SNRG4 Stenacron minnetonka - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae Tricorythodes robacki - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae Paraleptophlebia assimilis - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Lycaena hyllus - Bronze copper. Rank: SUG5

156 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Uncertain 10 Need for Convservation

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae brunneipennis - A noctuid moth. Rank: SNRG4 Acontia delecta - A noctuid moth. Rank: GU Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Catocala alabamae - Alabama underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala angusi - Angus' underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala badia - Bay underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala consors - The consort underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala dejecta - Dejected underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala luctuosa - Yellow-grey underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala meskei - Meske's underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala robinsoni - Robinson's underwing. Rank: SNRG4 Catocala ulalume - An underwing moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema baptisiae - Wild indigo borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema cerina - Golden borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema eupatorii - Eupatorium borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema furcata - Ash borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema limpida - A borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema lysimachiae - Loosestrife borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema necopina - Sunflower borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema nelita - A borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema nepheleptena - Turtle head borer moth. Rank: SNRG4 Papaipema rutila - Mayapple borer moth. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Polygonia progne - Gray comma. Rank: SUG5

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Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae Papilio appalachiensis - Appalachian tiger swallowtail. Rank: SNRG4 Habitat: Forest. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status issues.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Nemouridae Ostrocerca complexa - A stonefly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae Peltoperla arcuata - Appalachian roachfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae Perlesta nelsoni - A stonefly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlodidae Yugus kirchneri - A stonefly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae Pteronarcys scotti - Carolina salmonfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae Bolotoperla rossi - Smoky willowfly. Rank: SNRG4 Oemopteryx contorta - Dark willowfly. Rank: SNRG4 Taeniopteryx ugola - Cumberland willowfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Brachycentridae Adicrophleps hitchcocki - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4 Brachycentrus solomoni - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae Cheumatopsyche gyra - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4 Cheumatopsyche wrighti - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae Oxyethira aeola - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4 Oxyethira sida - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4

158 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Invertebrates of Uncertain 10 Need for Convservation

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Leptoceridae Ceraclea ruthae - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae Nyctiophylax denningi - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG4

159 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

This list is presented in alphabetical order by higher taxa and scientific name. It contains 825 species, which together with the 52 species of uncertain status, is 877 invertebrate species not clearly of conservation concern (about twice the number of species of special concern). These are primarily Tier 5 species of maintenance concern only. As species not previously included on conservation lists are added, most of them will fall into this category because they are common and abundant and for those very reasons were not previously included on conservation lists. In other words, the observed 1/3 ratio of special concern species to those not of concern cannot be validly applied to the estimated 11,702 invertebrate species in Pennsylvania. Ranks follow the Natural Heritage Network for species listed by them. For species not listed by the Network, a comparable ranking in the same form is offered, either as a new ranking or one interpreted from other ranking systems. Listings for named subspecies are included for completeness but are redundant with the binomial listing for the same species.

160 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Rank: SNRG5 Oxysoma cubana. Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Rank: SNRGNR Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Comments: Includes PA records of purported C. carolinus. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae Singa eugeni. Cambarus robustus - A crayfish. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: S4G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae Phanetta subterranea - A cave obligate spider. Cambarus thomai - A crayfish. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Porhomma cavernicola - Appalachian cave spider. Rank: SNRG5 Orconectes limosus - Spinycheek crayfish. Rank: S4G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. littoralis. Rank: SNRGNR Orconectes obscurus - A crayfish. Rank: S5G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Entomobryidae Sinella cavernarum - A springtail. Orconectes rusticus - Rusty crayfish. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Exotic. Sinella hoffmani - Hoffman's springtail. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: SNRG5 Orconectes virilis - Virile crayfish. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Rank: SNAG5 Crangonyctidae Notes: Exotic. Stygobromus tenuis tenuis - Piedmont groundwater amphipod. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: T4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Procambarus acutus - White river crawfish. Rank: SUG5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Anostraca: Habitat: Streams and rivers. Chirocephalidae Eubranchipus holmanii - Eastern fairy shrimp. Procambarus clarkii - Red swamp crawfish. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Exotic. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cambarus bartonii bartonii - A crayfish. Rank: SNRT5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae Habitat: Streams and rivers. Palaemonetes kadiakensis - Mississippi grass shrimp. Rank: SUG4 Cambarus carinorostris - Appalachian brook crayfish. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: S5G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Spinicaudata: Cyzicidae Comments: C. carinorostris is a valid species, not a subspecies Cyzicus mexicanus - Mexican clam shrimp. of C. bartonii. Rank: SNRG5

Cambarus diogenes - Devil crawfish. Rank: S4G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Cambarus dubius - A burrowing crayfish. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae

161 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

Cicindela duodecimguttata - Twelve-spotted tiger beetle. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S4G5 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae Cicindela punctulata - Punctured tiger beetle. Cinygmula subaequalis - A mayfly. Rank: S5G5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Epeorus vitreus - A mayfly. Cicindela purpurea - Cow path tiger beetle. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S5G5 Habitat: Forest, open areas. Leucrocuta hebe - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG5 Cicindela repanda - Bronzed tiger beetle. Rank: S5G5 Maccaffertium mediopunctatum - A mayfly. Habitat: Streams and rivers, sand and mud. Rank: SNRG5

Cicindela sexguttata - Six-spotted tiger beetle. Maccaffertium meririvulanum - A mayfly. Rank: S5G5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Maccaffertium modestum - A mayfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Diptera: Sphaeroceridae Rank: SNRG5 Spelobia tenebrarum - A cave obligate fly. Rank: SNRG5 Maccaffertium pudicum - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae macdunnoughi - A mayfly. Maccaffertium pulchellum - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Centroptilum triangulifer - A mayfly. Maccaffertium vicarium - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Cloeon dipterum - A mayfly. Stenacron carolina - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Plauditus virilis - A mayfly. Stenacron interpunctatum - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Procloeon rubropictum - A mayfly. Stenonema femoratum - A mayfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae Ephemerellidae Lasius minutis - An ant. Ephemerella dorothea - A mayfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Cycnia inopinatus - A tiger moth. Ephemerella dorothea dorothea - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: SNRTNR Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Ephemerella invaria - A mayfly. Grammia anna - A moth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Serratella serrata - A mayfly. Holomelina aurantiaca.

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Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Lophocampa caryae - tussock moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Rank: G5 Achalarus lyciades - Hoary edge. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S4G5

Lophocampa maculata. Amblyscirtes hegon - Pepper and salt skipper. Rank: G5 Rank: S4G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Anatrytone logan - Delaware skipper. Caripeta piniata - A moth. Rank: S4G5 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Anatrytone logan logan - Delaware skipper. Rank: T5 Cingilia catenaria - Chain dotted geometer. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Ancyloxypha numitor - Common least skipper. Rank: S5G5 Euchlaena effecta - A euchlaena moth. Rank: G5 Atalopedes campestris - Sachem. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Euchlaena madusaria - A geometrid moth. Rank: G4 Calpodes ethlius - Brazilian skipper. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Hypomecis umbrosaria - A geometer moth. Rank: G4 Copaeodes minima - Southern skipperling. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Macaria aequiferaria - A geometrid moth. Rank: G5 Epargyreus clarus - Silver-spotted skipper. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S5G5

Nemoria bifilata - A moth. Erynnis baptisiae - Wild indigo duskywing. Rank: G4 Rank: S5G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Erynnis brizo - Sleepy duskywing. Rank: S4G5 Nemoria lixaria - A moth. Rank: G5 Erynnis brizo brizo - Sleepy duskywing. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S4T5

Paleacrita merriccata - Spring canker worm. Erynnis horatius - Horace's duskywing. Rank: G4 Rank: S4G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Erynnis icelus - Dreamy duskywing. Pero hubneraria - A moth. Rank: S5G5 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Erynnis juvenalis - Juvenal's duskywing. Rank: S5G5 Tornos scolopacinarius. Erynnis zarucco - Zarucco duskywing.

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Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Euphyes vestris - Dun skipper. Rank: S5G5 Pompeius verna - Little glassywing. Rank: S4G5 Euphyes vestris metacomet - Eastern dun skipper. Rank: S5T5 Pyrgus communis - Common checkered-skipper. Rank: SNAG5 Hylephila phyleus - Fiery skipper. Rank: SNAG5 Staphylus hayhurstii - Hayhurst's scallopwing. Rank: S5G5 Lerema accius - Clouded skipper. Rank: SNAG5 Thorybes confusis - Confused cloudywing. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Rank: SNAG4

Oligoria maculata - Twin-spot skipper. Thorybes pylades - Northern cloudywing. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: S4G5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Thymelicus lineola - European skipper. Panoquina ocola - Ocola skipper. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Exotic. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Urbanus proteus - Long-tailed skipper. Panoquina panoquin - Salt marsh skipper. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA.

Pholisora catullus - Common sootywing. Wallengrenia egeremet - Northern broken-dash. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S4G5

Poanes hobomok - Hobomok skipper. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Limacodidae Rank: S5G5 Parasa chloris. Rank: G4 Poanes viator - Broad-winged skipper. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S4G5 Parasa indetermina - A moth. Poanes viator zizaniae - Broad-winged skipper. Rank: G4 Rank: S4T5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Poanes zabulon - Zabulon skipper. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Rank: S5G5 Callophrys gryneus gryneus - Olive hairstreak. Rank: T5 Polites origenes - Crossline skipper. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S4G5 Calycopis cecrops - Red-banded hairstreak. Polites peckius - Peck's skipper. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S5G5 Celastrina ladon - Spring azure, edwards' azure, dogwood azure. Polites themistocles - Tawny-edged skipper. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5 Celastrina lucia - Northern spring azure. Rank: S5G5 Celastrina neglecta - Summer azure. Polites vibex - Whirlabout. Rank: S5G5

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Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Leptotes marina - Marine blue. Rank: SNAG5 Acronicta increta. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Lycaena phlaeas - Little copper. Rank: S5G5 Acronicta lithospila. Rank: G5 Satyrium calanus - Banded hairstreak. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S5G5 Acronicta rubricoma. Satyrium calanus falacer - Falacer hairstreak. Rank: G4 Rank: T5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Agnorisma bollii - A noctuid moth. Satyrium caryaevorum - Hickory hairstreak. Rank: G4 Rank: SUG4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Amolita roseola. Satyrium liparops - Striped hairstreak. Rank: G5 Rank: S4G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Satyrium liparops strigosum - Striped hairstreak. Archanara subflava. Rank: T5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris. Strymon melinus - Gray hairstreak. Rank: G4 Rank: S5G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae Bellura densa - A noctuid moth. Dasychira pinicola - A moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Callopistria granitosa - Granitosa fern moth. Lymantria dispar - Gypsy moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Notes: Exotic. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Catocala agrippina - Agrippina underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Orgyia detrita - A tussock moth. Rank: G3 Catocala amatrix - The sweetheart underwing. Comments: Status should be revised to G4. Rank: SNRG5

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Catocala amica - Girlfriend underwing. Abagrotis magnicupida - A noctuid moth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Catocala andromedae - Andromeda underwing. Acronicta connecta. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Catocala antinympha - Sweetfern underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Acronicta exilis - Exiled Dagger Moth. Catocala blandula - Charming underwing. Rank: G4 Rank: SNRG5

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Catocala briseis - Briseis underwing. Catocala judith - Judith's underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Catocala cara - Darling underwing. Catocala junctura - Joined underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Catocala carissima - An underwing moth. Catocala lacrymosa - Tearful underwing. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNRG5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in PA. Catocala lineella - Little lined underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala cerogama - Yellow banded underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala maestosa - Sad underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala coccinata - Scarlet underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala micronympha - Little nymph underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala concumbens - Sleepy underwing or pink underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala minuta - Little underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala connubialis - Connubial underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala mira - Wonderful underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala crataegi - Hawthorn underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala muliercula - The little wife underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala epione - Epione underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala nebulosa - Clouded underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala flebilis - Mournful underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala neogama - The bride underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala gracilis - Graceful underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala obscura - Obscure underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala grynea - Woody underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala palaeogama - Oldwife underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala habilis - Habilis underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala parta - Mother underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala ilia - Ilia underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala piatrix - The penitent underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala illecta - Magdalen underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala praeclara - Praeclara underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala innubens - The betrothed underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala relicta - White underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Catocala insolabilis - Inconsolable underwing. Catocala residua - Residua underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

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Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Catocala retecta - An underwing moth. Rank: SNRG5 Lithophane oriunda - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Catocala serena - Serene underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Lithophane semiusta. Rank: G4 Catocala similis - Similar underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Melanchra assimilis - Similar black noctuid. Rank: G5 Catocala sordida - Sordid underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Metalectra richardsi - Richard's fungus moth. Rank: G4 Catocala subnata - Youthful underwing. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: SNRG5 Metalectra tantillus - A moth. Catocala ultronia - Ultronia underwing. Rank: G4 Rank: SNRG5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Catocala unijuga - Once-married underwing. Metalepsis salicarum - Willow dart. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Catocala vidua - Widow underwing. Rank: SNRG5 Nigetia formosalis. Rank: G4 Cirrhophanus triangulifer - A noctuid moth. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Ozarba aeria - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Copivaleria grotei - Grote's sallow. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Paectes abrostolella - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Cucullia speyeri - A noctuid moth. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S4G4 Papaipema arctivorens - Northern burdock borer moth. Elaphria alapallida - A noctuid moth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S5G5 Papaipema birdi - Umbellifer borer moth. Exyra fax - Pitcher plant moth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Papaipema cataphracta - Burdock borer moth. Rank: SNRG5 Homoglaea hircina - goat swallow. Rank: None Papaipema cerussata - Ironweed borer moth. Rank: SNRG5 Homorthodes furfurata furfurata - scurfy quaker. Rank: None Papaipema impecuniosa - Aster borer moth. Rank: SNRG5

Isogona tenuis - A moth. Papaipema inquaesita - Sensitive fern borer moth. Rank: G4 Rank: SNRG5

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Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Papaipema nebris - Stalk borer moth. Rank: SNRG5 Xylena cineritia cineritia - Gray sword grass moth. Rank: T4 Papaipema pterisii - Bracken borer moth. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: SNRG5 Zale metata - A noctuid moth. Papaipema rigida - A borer moth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae Papaipema unimoda - Meadow rue borer moth. Gluphisia lintneri - A notodontid moth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Polia purpurissata - purple arches. Rank: None Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Aglais milberti - Milbert's tortoiseshell. Psaphida thaxteriana - A noctuid moth. Rank: S4G5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Agraulis vanillae - Gulf fritillary. Rank: SNAG5 Pseudohermonassa tenuicula. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in Rank: G4 PA. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Asterocampa celtis - Hackberry emperor. Schinia trifascia - Three-lined flower moth. Rank: S4G5 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Boloria bellona - Meadow fritillary. Rank: S5G5 Sericaglaea signata - Variable sallow. Rank: G5 Cercyonis pegala - Common wood-nymph. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S5G5

Stiriodes obtusa. Chlosyne gorgone - Gorgone checkerspot. Rank: G4 Rank: SNAG5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Coenonympha tullia - Common ringlet. Thioptera nigrofimbria - Black-bordered lemon moth. Rank: S5G5 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Danaus plexippus - Monarch. Rank: S5BG5 Ulolonche modesta - A moth. Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: SC. Rank: S4G5 Euptoieta claudia - Variegated fritillary. Xestia youngii - Young blueberry dart. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: G5 Habitat: Forest. Hermeuptychia sosybius - Carolina satyr. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species Rank: SNAG5 status of this entity needs molecular confirmation. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in Comments: Species is difficult to separate from small, PA. syntopic forms of X. elimata.

Xylena cineritia - Gray sword grass moth. Junonia coenia - Common buckeye. Rank: G4 Rank: SNAG5

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Libytheana carinenta - American snout. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Papilionidae Rank: SNAG5 Papilio canadensis - Canadian tiger swallowtail. Comments: Presence/absence data needed. Rank: S4G5

Limenitis archippus - Viceroy. Papilio glaucus - Eastern tiger swallowtail. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5

Limenitis arthemis - White admiral. Papilio palamedes - Palamedes swallowtail. Rank: S5G5 Rank: SNAG5 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Limenitis arthemis astyanax - Red-spotted purple. Listing. Rank: T5 Papilio polyxenes - Black swallowtail. Megisto cymela - Little wood satyr. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S5G5 Papilio polyxenes asterius - Parsnip swallowtail. Nymphalis antiopa - Mourning cloak. Rank: T5 Rank: S5G5 Papilio troilus - Spicebush swallowtail. Nymphalis californica - California tortoiseshell. Rank: S5G5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae PA. Abaeis nicippe - Sleepy orange. Comments: Presence/absence data needed. Rank: SNAG5

Nymphalis vaualbum - Compton tortoiseshell. Colias eurytheme - Orange sulphur. Rank: S4G5 Rank: SNAG5 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Colias philodice - Clouded sulphur. Rank: S5G5 Phyciodes tharos - Pearl crescent. Rank: S5G5 Nathalis iole - Dainty sulphur. Rank: SNAG5 Polygonia comma - Eastern comma. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in Rank: S5G5 PA. Comments: Presence/absence data needed. Polygonia interrogationis - Question mark. Rank: SNAG5 Phoebis philea - Orange-barred sulphur. Rank: SNAG5 Satyrodes appalachia - Appalachian eyed brown. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in Rank: S4G4 PA.

Speyeria cybele - Great spangled fritillary. Phoebis sennae - Cloudless sulphur. Rank: S5G5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in Vanessa atalanta - Red admiral. PA. Rank: S5BG5 Pieris rapae - Cabbage white. Vanessa cardui - Painted lady. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: S5BG5 Notes: Exotic. Vanessa virginiensis - American lady. Pyrisitia lisa - Little yellow. Rank: S5BG5 Rank: SNAG5

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Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Zerene cesonia - Southern dogface. Rank: SNAG5 Paonias astylus - Huckleberry sphinx. Notes: Native; accidental or non-regular occurrence in Rank: G4 PA. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Paratrea plebeja - Trumpet vine sphinx. Citheronia regalis - Regal moth. Rank: G5 Rank: SUG4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Habitat: Forest. Smerinthus cerisyi - One-eyed sphinx. Eacles imperialis - Imperial moth. Rank: G4 Rank: SNRG5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Eacles imperialis imperialis - Imperial moth. Sphinx chersis - Great ash sphinx. Rank: T5 Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Hemileuca maia maia - The buckmoth. Rank: T5 Sphinx drupiferarum - Wild cherry sphinx. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sphingidae Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Agrius cingulata - Pink spotted hawkmoth. Rank: G5 Sphinx eremitus - Hermit sphinx. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: G4 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. juglandis - Walnut sphinx. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Aeshnidae Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. - Canada darner. Rank: S4G5 Ceratomia undulosa - Waved sphinx. Rank: G5 Aeshna interrupta interrupta. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: SNRT5

Deidamia inscripta - Lettered sphinx. Aeshna umbrosa umbrosa - Shadow darner. Rank: G5 Rank: S5T5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Anax junius - Common green darner. Dolba hyloeus - Black alder or pawpaw sphinx. Rank: S5G5 Rank: G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Basiaeschna janata - Springtime darner. Rank: S5G5 Eumorpha fasciata - Banded sphinx. Rank: G5 Boyeria vinosa - Fawn darner. Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database. Rank: S5G5

Lapara coniferarum - Southern pine sphinx. Epiaeschna heros - Swamp darner. Rank: G5 Rank: S4G5 Comments: PA listing missing in Heritage database.

Manduca jasminearum - Ash sphinx. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Calopterygidae Rank: G4 Calopteryx maculata - Ebony jewelwing.

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Rank: S5G5 Enallagma traviatum westfalli - A . Hetaerina americana - American rubyspot. Rank: SNRT5 Rank: S5G5 Enallagma vesperum - Vesper bluet. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae Rank: S5G5 saucium - Eastern red damsel. Rank: S4G5 Ischnura hastata - Citrine forktail. Rank: S5G5 Argia apicalis - Blue-fronted dancer. Rank: S4G5 Ischnura posita - Fragile forktail. Rank: S5G5 Argia fumipennis - Variable dancer. Rank: S5G5 Ischnura verticalis - Eastern forktail. Rank: S5G5 Argia fumipennis violacea - Violet dancer. Rank: S5T5 Nehalennia gracilis - Sphagnum sprite. Rank: S4G5 Argia moesta - Powdered dancer. Rank: S5G5 Nehalennia irene - Sedge sprite. Rank: S5G5 Argia translata - Dusky dancer. Rank: S4G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Cordulegastridae Cordulegaster diastatops - Delta-spotted spiketail. Chromagrion conditum - Aurora damsel. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5 Cordulegaster erronea - Tiger spiketail. Enallagma antennatum - Rainbow bluet. Rank: S4G4 Rank: S5G5 Cordulegaster maculata - Twin-spotted spiketail. Enallagma carunculatum - Tule bluet. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5 Cordulegaster obliqua - Arrowhead spiketail. Enallagma civile - Familiar bluet. Rank: S4G4 Rank: S5G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Corduliidae Enallagma ebrium - Marsh bluet. Dorocordulia libera - Racket-tailed emerald. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5

Enallagma exsulans - Stream bluet. Epitheca canis - Beaverpond baskettail. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5

Enallagma geminatum - Skimming bluet. Epitheca cynosura - Common baskettail. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5

Enallagma hageni - Hagen's bluet. Epitheca princeps - Prince baskettail. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5

Enallagma signatum - Orange bluet. Neurocordulia obsoleta - Umber shadowdragon. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5

Enallagma traviatum traviatum. Neurocordulia yamaskanensis - Stygian shadowdragon. Rank: SNRT5 Rank: S4G5

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Somatochlora tenebrosa - Clamp-tipped emerald. Lestes inaequalis - Elegant spreadwing. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Lestes rectangularis - Slender spreadwing. Arigomphus villosipes - Unicorn clubtail. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5 Lestes unguiculatus - Lyre-tipped spreadwing. Dromogomphus spinosus - Black-shouldered spinyleg. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S5G5 Lestes vigilax - Swamp spreadwing. Gomphus borealis - Beaverpond clubtail. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Libellulidae Gomphus exilis - Lancet clubtail. Celithemis elisa - Calico pennant. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5

Gomphus lividus - Ashy clubtail. Erythemis simplicicollis - Eastern pondhawk. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5

Gomphus spicatus - Dusky clubtail. Ladona julia - Chalk-fronted corporal. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S5G5

Hagenius brevistylus - Dragonhunter. Leucorrhinia frigida - Frosted whiteface. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5

Lanthus vernalis - Southern pygmy clubtail. Leucorrhinia hudsonica - Hudsonian whiteface. Rank: S4G4 Rank: S4G5

Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis - Rusty snaketail. Leucorrhinia intacta - Dot-tailed whiteface. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S5G5

Stylogomphus albistylus - Eastern least clubtail. Libellula cyanea - Spangled skimmer. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5

Stylurus spiniceps - Arrow clubtail. Libellula luctuosa - Widow skimmer. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S5G5

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Lestidae Libellula pulchella - Twelve-spotted skimmer. Archilestes grandis - Great spreadwing. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4G5 Libellula quadrimaculata - Four-spotted skimmer. Lestes congener - Spotted spreadwing. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S5G5 Libellula semifasciata - Painted skimmer. Lestes disjunctus - Northern spreadwing. Rank: S4G5 Rank: S4G5 Pachydiplax longipennis - Blue dasher. Lestes disjunctus australis - Southern spreadwing. Rank: S5G5 Rank: S4T5

Lestes disjunctus disjunctus - Northern spreadwing. Pantala flavescens - Wandering glider. Rank: S4T5 Rank: S5G5

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Pantala hymenaea - Spot-winged glider. Pteronarcys proteus - Appalachian salmonfly. Rank: S4G5 Rank: SNRG5

Perithemis tenera - Eastern amberwing. Rank: S5G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae Strophopteryx fasciata - Mottled willowfly. Plathemis lydia - Common whitetail. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S5G5 Taenionema atlanticum - Atlantic willowfly. Sympetrum internum janeae - Jane's meadowhawk. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S5G5 Taeniopteryx burksi - Eastern willowfly. Sympetrum rubicundulum - Ruby meadowhawk. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S5G5 Taeniopteryx maura - Spinyleg willowfly. Sympetrum vicinum - Autumn meadowhawk. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S5G5 Taeniopteryx metequi - Shortwing willowfly. Tramea carolina - Carolina saddlebags. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S4G5 Taeniopteryx nivalis - Boreal willowfly. Tramea lacerata - Black saddlebags. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: S5G5 Taeniopteryx parvula - Hooked willowfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Macromiidae Rank: SNRG5 Didymops transversa - Stream cruiser. Rank: S5G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Apataniidae Apatania blacki - A caddisfly. Macromia illinoiensis - Swift river cruiser. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: S5G5 Apatania incerta - A caddisfly. Macromia illinoiensis georgina - Georgia river cruiser. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRT5 Apatania nigra - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae Rank: SNRG5 Appalachia hebardi - Appalachian grasshopper. Rank: SNRGH Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Beraeidae Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Beraea fontana - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae Tallaperla maria - Common roachfly. Beraea nigritta - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Brachycentridae Pteronarcys biloba - Knobbed salmonfly. Brachycentrus incanus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Pteronarcys dorsata - American salmonfly. Rank: SNRG5 Brachycentrus lateralis - A brachycentrid caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Pteronarcys pictetii - Midwestern salmonfly. Rank: SNRG5 Brachycentrus nigrosoma - A caddisfly.

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Rank: SNRGNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Goeridae Brachycentrus numerosus - A caddisfly. Goera calcarata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Micrasema charonis - A caddisfly. Goera fuscula - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Micrasema rusticum - A caddisfly. Goera stylata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Micrasema sprulesi - A caddisfly. Goerita betteni - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Micrasema wataga - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae Rank: SNRGNR Helicopsyche borealis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae Heteroplectron americanum - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae Rank: SNRGNR Ceratopsyche alhedra - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Dipseudopsidae Phylocentropus lucidus - A caddisfly. Ceratopsyche alternans - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Phylocentropus placidus - A caddisfly. Ceratopsyche bronta - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Ceratopsyche cheilonis - A caddisfly. Glossosomatidae Rank: SNRGNR Agapetus minutus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Ceratopsyche morosa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Agapetus pinatus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Ceratopsyche slossonae - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Agapetus rossi - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Ceratopsyche sparna - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Agapetus tomus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Ceratopsyche ventura - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Glossosoma intermedium - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Ceratopsyche walkeri - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Glossosoma nigrior - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Cheumatopsyche analis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Protoptila maculata - A caddisfly. Cheumatopsyche aphanta - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Protoptila palina - A caddisfly. Cheumatopsyche campyla - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

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Cheumatopsyche ela - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche brunneipennis - A scalris trichopteran. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche geora - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche confusa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Cheumatopsyche gracilis - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche dicantha - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche halima - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche hageni - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5

Cheumatopsyche harwoodi - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche impula - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche harwoodi enigma - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche leonardi - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRT4 Rank: SNRG5

Cheumatopsyche harwoodi harwoodi - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche opthalmica - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRT5 Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche orris - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche minuscula - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche phalerata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche oxa - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche placoda - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche pasella - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche scalaris - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche pinaca - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche valanis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche sordida - A caddisfly. Hydropsyche venularis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Cheumatopsyche speciosa - A caddisfly. Macrostemum carolina - A net-spinning caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Diplectrona metaqui - A diplectronan caddisfly. Macrostemum zebratum - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Diplectrona modesta - A caddisfly. Parapsyche apicalis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Homoplectra monticola - A caddisfly. Potamyia flava - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Hydropsyche betteni - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae Rank: SNRGNR Agraylea multipunctata - A caddisfly.

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Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila jackmanni - A caddisfly. Dibusa angata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila metoeca - A caddisfly. Hydroptila ajax - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila parachelops - A caddisfly. Hydroptila alabama - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila perdita - A caddisfly. Hydroptila amoena - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila quinola - A caddisfly. Hydroptila ampoda - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5 Hydroptila remita - A caddisfly. Hydroptila angusta - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila rono - A caddisfly. Hydroptila antennopedia - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila spatulata - A caddisfly. Hydroptila armata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila spinata - A caddisfly. Hydroptila callia - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5 Hydroptila strepha - A caddisfly. Hydroptila chattanooga - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila talladega - A caddisfly. Hydroptila consimilis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila waskesia - A caddisfly. Hydroptila delineata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila waubesiana - A caddisfly. Hydroptila dentata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Ithytrichia clavata - A caddisfly. Hydroptila fiskei - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Mayatrichia ayama - A caddisfly. Hydroptila grandiosa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Neotrichia okopa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Hydroptila gunda - A caddisfly. Ochrotrichia confusa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Hydroptila hamata - A caddisfly. Ochrotrichia denningi - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

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Ochrotrichia graysoni - A caddisfly. Stactobiella martynovi - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Ochrotrichia potomus - A caddisfly. Stactobiella palmata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Ochrotrichia shawnee - A purse casmaker caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae Ochrotrichia spinosa - A purse casmaker caddisfly. Lepidostoma americanum - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Ochrotrichia tarsalis - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma bryanti - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Ochrotrichia wojcickyi - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma carrolli - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Orthotrichia aegerfasciella - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma costale - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Orthotrichia cristata - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma frosti - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Oxyethira anabola - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma griseum - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Oxyethira dualis - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma latipenne - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Oxyethira forcipata - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma lydia - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Oxyethira grisea - An oxyethiran microcaddisfly. Lepidostoma ontario - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Oxyethira michiganensis - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma pictile - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Oxyethira pallida - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma sackeni - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Oxyethira rivicula - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma serratum - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR

Oxyethira zeronia - An oxyethiran microcaddisfly. Lepidostoma sommermanae - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Palaeagapetus celsus - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma togatum - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Stactobiella delira - A caddisfly. Lepidostoma vernale - A bizarre caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR

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Theliopsyche grisea - A caddisfly. Mystacides sepulchralis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Leptoceridae Nectopsyche albida - A caddisfly. Ceraclea alagma - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Nectopsyche candida - A caddisfly. Ceraclea ancylus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Nectopsyche exquisita - A caddisfly. Ceraclea cancellata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis avara - A caddisfly. Ceraclea diluta - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis cinerascens - A caddisfly. Ceraclea flava - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis ditissa - A caddisfly. Ceraclea maculata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis eddlestoni - A caddisfly. Ceraclea mentiea - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis immobilis - A caddisfly. Ceraclea punctata - A ceraclean caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis inconspicua - A caddisfly. Ceraclea resurgens - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis nocturna - A caddisfly. Ceraclea slossonae - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis osteni - A caddisfly. Ceraclea tarsipunctata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis persimilis - A caddisfly. Ceraclea transversa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Oecetis scala - A caddisfly. Ceraclea uvalo - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Setodes guttatus - A caddisfly. Ceraclea wetzeli - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Setodes incertus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Leptocerus americanus - A caddisfly. Setodes oligius - Caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Mystacides interjectus - A caddisfly. Setodes oxapius - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

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Triaenodes aba - A caddisfly. Ironoquia parvula - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Triaenodes baris - A triaenode caddisfly. Ironoquia punctatissima - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Triaenodes dipsius - A long horned casemaker caddisfly. Limnephilus indivisus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Triaenodes flavescens - A triaenode caddisfly. Limnephilus moestus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Triaenodes ignitus - A triaenode caddisfly. Limnephilus ornatus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR

Triaenodes injustus - A caddisfly. Limnephilus rhombicus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Triaenodes marginatus - A triaenode caddisfly. Limnephilus sericeus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Triaenodes nox - A caddisfly. Limnephilus submonilifer - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Triaenodes perna - A triaenode caddisfly. Nemotaulius hostilis - A limnephilid caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5

Triaenodes tardus - A caddisfly. Platycentropus radiatus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilidae Pseudostenophylax sparsus - A caddisfly. Anabolia bimaculata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Pseudostenophylax sparsus uniformis - A caddisfly. Anabolia consocia - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRT5 Rank: SNRGNR Psychoglypha subborealis - A caddisfly. Frenesia difficilis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5 Pycnopsyche antica - A caddisfly. Frenesia missa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Pycnopsyche circularis - A caddisfly. Glyphopsyche irrorata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5 Pycnopsyche conspersa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Hesperophylax designatus - A caddisfly. Pycnopsyche divergens - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Ironoquia lyrata - A caddisfly. Pycnopsyche gentilis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

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Rank: SNRGNR Pycnopsyche guttifera - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Dolophilodes distinctus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Pycnopsyche lepida - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Wormaldia moesta - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Pycnopsyche luculenta - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Wormaldia shawnee - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Pycnopsyche scabripennis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Phryganeidae Pycnopsyche subfasciata - A caddisfly. Agrypnia vestita - A large caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Molannidae Banksiola crotchi - A caddisfly. Molanna blenda - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Banksiola dossuaria - A caddisfly. Molanna flavicornis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRG5 Oligostomis ocelligera - A caddisfly. Molanna tryphena - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Oligostomis pardalis - A caddisfly. Molanna ulmerina - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Phryganea cinerea - A caddisfly. Molanna uniophila - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Phryganea sayi - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Odontoceridae Rank: SNRGNR Psilotreta frontalis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Ptilostomis ocellifera - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Psilotreta indecisa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Ptilostomis postica - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Psilotreta labida - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Ptilostomis semifasciata - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Psilotreta rufa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Philopotamidae Cyrnellus fraternus - A caddisfly. Chimarra aterrima - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Neureclipsis bimaculata - A caddisfly. Chimarra obscura - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Neureclipsis crepuscularis - A caddisfly. Chimarra socia - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR

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Nyctiophylax affinis - A caddisfly. Polycentropus interruptus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Nyctiophylax banksi - A caddisfly. Polycentropus maculatus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Nyctiophylax celta - A caddisfly. Polycentropus nascotius - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Nyctiophylax moestus - A caddisfly. Polycentropus pentus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Nyctiophylax nephophilus - A caddisfly. Polycentropus pixi - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Nyctiophylax uncus - A caddisfly. Polycentropus remotus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Polycentropus barri - A caddisfly. Polycentropus rickeri - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Polycentropus blicklei - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Psychomyiidae Rank: SNRGNR Lype diversa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Polycentropus carolinensis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Psychomyia flavida - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Polycentropus centralis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Psychomyia nomada - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Polycentropus chenoides - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila atrata - A caddisfly. Polycentropus cinereus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Rhyacophila banksi - A caddisfly. Polycentropus clinei - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Rhyacophila brunnea - A caddisfly. Polycentropus colei - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRGNR Rhyacophila carolina - A caddisfly. Polycentropus confusus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Rhyacophila carpenteri - A caddisfly. Polycentropus crassicornis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR Polycentropus elarus - A caddisfly. Rhyacophila formosa - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Polycentropus flavus - A caddisfly. Rhyacophila fuscula - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

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Rhyacophila glaberrima - A rhyacophilan caddisfly. Neophylax oligius - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Rhyacophila invaria - A caddisfly. Neophylax ornatus - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Rhyacophila ledra - A rhyacophilan caddisfly. Neophylax wigginsi - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: SNRGNR

Rhyacophila lobifera - A caddisfly. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Rank: SNRGNR Actinonaias ligamentina - Mucket. Rank: S4G5 Rhyacophila mainensis - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Alasmidonta marginata - Elktoe. Rank: S4G4 Rhyacophila manistee - A caddisfly. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: Rank: SNRGNR (Listed G4/N4/Risk in WV).

Rhyacophila minor - A caddisfly. Elliptio complanata - Eastern elliptio. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: S5G5

Rhyacophila nigrita - A caddisfly. Elliptio dilatata - Spike. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: S4G5

Rhyacophila torva - A caddisfly. Lampsilis cardium - Plain pocketbook. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: S4G5

Rhyacophila vibox - A rhyacophilan caddisfly. Lampsilis fasciola - Wavyrayed lampmussel. Rank: SNRGNR Rank: S4G4 Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae Lampsilis siliquoidea - Fatmucket. Agarodes griseus - A caddisfly. Rank: S4G5 Rank: SNRGNR Lasmigona costata - Flutedshell. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Uenoidae Rank: S4G5 Neophylax aniqua - A caddisfly. Rank: SNRGNR Ptychobranchus fasciolaris - Kidneyshell. Rank: S4G4 Neophylax concinnus - A caddisfly. Other Listing Sources: Canadian COSEWIC Rank: E. Rank: SNRGNR Pyganodon grandis - Giant floater. Neophylax consimilis - A caddisfly. Rank: S4G5 Rank: SNRGNR Strophitus undulatus - Creeper. Neophylax delicatus - A caddisfly. Rank: S4G5 Rank: SNRGNR Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Neophylax fuscus - A caddisfly. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Veneroida: Corbiculidae Rank: SNRGNR Corbicula fluminea - Asiatic clam. Rank: SNAG5 Neophylax mitchelli - A caddisfly. Notes: Exotic. Rank: SNRGNR

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Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Veneroida: Dreissenidae Laevapex diaphanus - Cymbal ancylid. Dreissena bugensis - Quagga mussel. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands.

Dreissena polymorpha - Zebra mussel. Laevapex fuscus - Dusky ancylid. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Exotic. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Veneroida: Sphaeriidae Pisidium amnicum - Greater european peaclam. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Rank: SNAG5 Carychiidae Notes: Exotic. Carychium exiguum - Obese thorn. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa: Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Viviparidae Campeloma decisum - Pointed campeloma. Carychium exile exile - A terrestrial snail. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNRT5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Forest, wetlands. Habitat: Aquatic. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Cipangopaludina chinensis - Chinese mysterysnail. Lymnaeidae Rank: SNAG5 Bulimnaea megasoma - Mammoth lymnaea. Notes: Exotic. Rank: SNRG4 Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands.

Lioplax subcarinata - Ridged lioplax. Fossaria dalli - Dusky fossaria. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Habitat: Aquatic.

Viviparus georgianus - Banded mysterysnail. Fossaria exigua - A freshwater snail. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Aquatic.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Fossaria modicella - Rock fossaria. Ancylidae Rank: SNAG5 Ferrissia fragilis - Fragile ancylid. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Fossaria obrussa - Golden fossaria. Rank: SNAG5 Ferrissia parallelus - Oblong ancylid. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic.

Ferrissia rivularis - Creeping ancylid. Fossaria parva - Pygmy fossaria. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Aquatic.

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Pseudosuccinea columella - Mimic lymnaea. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Physella integra - Ashy physa. Radix auricularia - Big-eared radix. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Wetlands. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Stagnicola caperata - Wrinkled marshsnail. Planorbidae Rank: SNAG5 Gyraulus circumstriatus - Disc gyro. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands.

Stagnicola catascopium - Woodland pondsnail. Gyraulus deflectus - Flexed gyro. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Stagnicola elodes - Marsh pondsnail. Gyraulus parvus - Ash gyro. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Streams and rivers.

Stagnicola emarginata - St. Lawrence pondsnail. Helisoma anceps - Two-ridge rams-horn. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat : Aquatic. Habitat: Wetlands.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Physidae Micromenetus dilatatus - Bugle sprite. Aplexa elongata - Lance aplexa. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Aquatic. Planorbella campanulata - Bellmouth rams-horn. Physa skinneri - Glass physa. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Wetlands, lakes. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Planorbella pilsbryi - File rams-horn. Physella ancillaria - Pumpkin physa. Rank: SNRG4 Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Wetlands, lakes. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic.

Physella gyrina - Tadpole physa. Planorbella trivolvis - Marsh rams-horn. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Wetlands, lakes.

Physella heterostropha - Pewter physa. Planorbula armigera - Thicklip rams-horn.

184 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Wetlands. Marstonia lustrica - Boreal marstonia. Rank: SNAG5 Promenetus exacuous - Sharp sprite. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Probythinella emarginata - Delta hydrobe. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterostropha: Valvatidae Habitat: Aquatic. Valvata bicarinata - Two-ridge valvata. Rank: SNAG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Pleuroceridae Habitat: Aquatic. Elimia livescens - Liver elimia. Rank: SNRG5 Valvata piscinalis - European stream valvata. Habitat: Aquatic. Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Elimia virginica - Piedmont elimia. Rank: SNAG5 Valvata tricarinata - Threeridge valvata. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Leptoxis carinata - Crested mudalia. Rank: SNAG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Bithyniidae Habitat: Aquatic. Bithynia tentaculata - Mud bithynia. Rank: SNAG5 Pleurocera acuta - Sharp hornsnail. Notes: Exotic. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Pleurocera canaliculata - Silty hornsnail. Hydrobiidae Rank: SNAG5 Amnicola limosus - Mud amnicola. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Habitat: Aquatic. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Arionidae Gillia altilis - Buffalo pebblesnail. Arion distinctus - Darkface arion. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Gardens, disturbed areas.

Lyogyrus granum - Squat duskysnail. Arion hortensis - Garden arion. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies for PA are needed. Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Aquatic. Habitat: Gardens, disturbed areas. Lyogyrus pupoideus - Pupa duskysnail. Arion subfuscus - Dusky arion. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Aquatic. Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Forest, gardens, disturbed areas. Marstonia letsoni - Gravel pyrg. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora:

185 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

Cionellidae Euconulus polygyratus - Fat hive. Cochlicopa lubrica - Glossy pillar. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Cochlicopa lubricella - Thin pillar. Guppya sterkii. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Habitat: Forest. Comments: Doubtful occurrence in PA. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae Cochlicopa morseana - Appalachian pillar. Cepaea hortensis - White-lip gardensnail. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Forest. Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Open areas, grasslands. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Discidae Anguispira alternata - Flamed tigersnail. Cepaea nemoralis - Grovesnail. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Forest. Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Open areas, grasslands. Discus catskillensis - Angular disc. Rank: SNRG5 Otala lactea - Milk snail. Habitat: Forest. Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Exotic. Discus patulus - Domed disc. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicodiscidae Discus whitneyi - Forest disc. Helicodiscus notius - Tight coil. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, open areas. Habitat: Forest. Conservation Genetics: Questionable validity of species. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Ferussaciidae Helicodiscus parallelus - Compound coil. Cecilioides acicula - Blind awlsnail. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNAG5 Habitat: Forest. Notes: Exotic. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. Habitat: Forest. Lucilla singleyanus - Smooth coil. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: SNRG5 Haplotrematidae Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Haplotrema concavum - Gray-foot lancetooth. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Limacidae Helicarionidae Deroceras laeve - Meadow slug. Euconulus chersinus - Wild hive. Rank: S4G5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Habitat: Forest. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Philomycidae

186 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

Megapallifera mutabilis - Changeable mantleslug. Patera pennsylvanica - Proud globelet. Rank: SUG5 Rank: SNRG4 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Pallifera dorsalis - Pale mantleslug. Stenotrema barbatum - Bristled slitmouth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Philomycus carolinianus - Carolina mantleslug. Stenotrema hirsutum - Hairy slitmouth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest.

Philomycus flexuolaris - Winding mantleslug. Triodopsis fallax - Mimic threetooth. Rank: SUG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas.

Philomycus togatus - Toga mantleslug. Triodopsis juxtidens - Atlantic threetooth. Rank: SUG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, open areas.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Triodopsis tridentata - Northern threetooth. Polygyridae Rank: SNRG5 Appalachina sayana - Spike-lip crater. Habitat: Forest. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Xolotrema denotatum - Velvet wedge. Rank: SNRG5 Euchemotrema fraternum - Upland pillsnail. Habitat: Forest. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Punctidae Euchemotrema leai - Lowland pillsnail. Punctum minutissimum - Small spot. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Wetlands. Habitat: Forest.

Mesodon clausus clausus - A terrestrial snail. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: SNRT5 Pupillidae Habitat: Forest, thickets, grassland and open areas. Columella edentula - Toothless column. Rank: SNRG5 Mesodon thyroidus - White-lip globe. Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Rank: SNRG5 Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues. Habitat: Forest. Gastrocopta armifera - Armed snaggletooth. Mesodon zaletus - Toothed globe. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Grasslands, forest, open areas. Habitat: Forest, rocky areas. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues. Neohelix albolabris - Whitelip. Gastrocopta contracta - Bottleneck snaggletooth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Wetlands, forest, open areas.

Neohelix dentifera - Big-tooth whitelip. Gastrocopta pentodon - Comb snaggletooth. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest, wetlands.

187 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

Gastrocopta tappaniana - White snaggletooth. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Habitat: Wetlands. Valloniidae Vallonia costata - Costate vallonia. Pupoides albilabris - White-lip dagger. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Vallonia excentrica - Iroquois vallonia. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: SNRG5 Strobilopsidae Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Strobilops aeneus - Bronze pinecone. Rank: SNRG5 Vallonia pulchella - Lovely vallonia. Habitat: Forest. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Strobilops labyrinthicus - Maze pinecone. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Habitat: Forest. Zonitidae Glyphyalinia indentata - Carved glyph. Strobilops texasianus - Southern pinecone. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Forest. Comments: Doubtful occurrence in PA. Glyphyalinia rhoadsi - Sculpted glyph. Rank: SNRG5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Habitat: Forest. Subulinidae Opeas pumilum - Dwarf awlsnail. Glyphyalinia wheatleyi - Bright glyph. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNRG5 Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues.

Opeas pyrgula - Sharp awlsnail. Hawaiia alachuana - Southeastern gem. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNRG4 Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Conservation Genetics: Species status issues.

Subulina octona - Miniature awlsnail. Hawaiia minuscula - Minute gem. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNRG5 Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas. Mesomphix cupreus - Copper button. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: SNRG5 Succineidae Habitat: Forest. Catinella oklahomarum - Detritus ambersnail. Rank: SUG5 Habitat: Forest, deciduous and coniferous. Novisuccinea ovalis - Oval ambersnail. Mesomphix inornatus - Plain button. Rank: SNRG5 Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Wetlands, forest. Habitat: Forest.

Succinea putris - European ambersnail. Mesomphix perlaevis - Smooth button. Rank: SNAG5 Rank: SNRG4 Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Forest. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas.

188 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Pennsylvania Species Not Currently Considered 11 to be of Special Concern

Nesovitrea electrina - Amber glass. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Wetlands.

Oxychilus alliarius - Garlic glass-snail. Rank: SNAG5 Notes: Exotic. Habitat: Grasslands, open areas, disturbed areas.

Paravitrea multidentata - Dentate supercoil. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Striatura exigua - Ribbed striate. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Striatura ferrea - Black striate. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Striatura meridionalis - Median striate. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Striatura milium - Fine-ribbed striate. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Ventridens intertextus - Pyramid dome. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Ventridens ligera - Globose dome. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest, grasslands, open areas.

Ventridens suppressus - Flat dome. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Zonitoides arboreus - Quick gloss. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Forest.

Zonitoides nitidus - Black gloss. Rank: SNRG5 Habitat: Wetlands.

189 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on 12 Conservation Lists in Neighboring States

The following listing is presented for supplemental purposes only. It consists of species not confirmed as occurring in Pennsylvania, but have been included on conservation lists as historically or currently present in one or more states sharing borders with Pennsylvania (Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, New York, and New Jersey). Some of the species on this list will never be documented in Pennsylvania, but many will eventually be found to occur here, perhaps as peripheral or extralimital taxa that might be locally rare and therefore potentially misinterpreted as species of special concern. Ranks follow the Natural Heritage Network for species listed by them. For species not listed by the Network, a comparable ranking in the same form is offered, either as a new ranking or one interpreted from other ranking systems.

The list is organized by potential conservation tiers in neighboring states as determined largely by Heritage Program ranking. Species placed in Tiers 1, 2, and 4 in neighboring states should be given emphasis in presence/absence studies by Pennsylvania managers, as proximity makes possible their ccurrence in Pennsylvania, with those in higher conservation tiers almost certainly becoming species of conservation concern in the Commonwealth. Under each tier, species are listed in alphabetical order by higher taxa and scientific name.

190 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Extinct or Extirpated in a Neighboring State to Pennsylvania 12.1

Classification: Insecta: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Epioblasma cincinnatiensis - Cincinnati riffleshell. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Notes: Native; absent. Epioblasma flexuosa - Leafshell. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Notes: Native; absent. Epioblasma lewisii - Forkshell. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Notes: Native; absent. Epioblasma personata - Round combshell. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Notes: Native; absent. Epioblasma propinqua - riffleshell. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Notes: Native; absent. Epioblasma sampsonii - Wabash riffleshell. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Epioblasma torulosa torulosa - Tubercled blossom. Rank: TX TIER: Extinct Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: LE, XN. Pleurobema bournianum - Scioto pigtoe. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Lyogyrus bakerianus - A freshwater snail. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct Pentagenia robusta - Robust pentagenian burrowing mayfly. Rank: GX TIER: Extinct

191 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species of Immediate Conservation Concern 12.2 in a Neighboring State to Pennsylvania

Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Hahniidae Rank: G1 Calymmaria sp. 21 - A spider. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: G1 Rank: LE. Plethobasus cicatricosus - White wartyback. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae Rank: G1 Islandiana sp. 1 - (from mercer co., Wv). Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: G1 Rank: LE. Islandiana speophila - Cavern sheet-web spider. Pleurobema collina - James spinymussel. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae Rank: LE. Chrosiothes jenningsi - A spider. Potamilus capax - Fat pocketbook. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Rank: LE. Chthoniidae Pyganodon lacustris - Lake floater. Apochthonius hobbsi - A pseudoscorpion. Rank: GU Rank: G1 Quadrula fragosa - Winged mapleleaf. Apochthonius paucispinosus - Dry fork valley cave Rank: G1 pseudoscorpion. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: G1 Rank: LE, XN. Kleptochthonius hetricki - Organ cave pseudoscorpion. Rank: G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Entomobryidae Kleptochthonius orpheus - Orpheus cave pseudoscorpion. Pseudosinella certa - Gandy creek cave springtail. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Kleptochthonius proserpinae - Proserpina cave Pseudosinella sp. 1 - (from mercer co., Wv). pseudoscorpion. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Sminthuridae Arrhopalites sp. 2 - (from greenbriar co., Wv). Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Rank: G1 Syarinidae Arrhopalites sp. 3 - (from mercer co., Wv). Chitrella regina - Royal syarinid pseudoscorpion. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Crangonyctidae Epioblasma obliquata - Catspaw. Stygobromus cooperi - Cooper's cave amphipod. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Stygobromus culveri. Rank: PS. Rank: G1 Epioblasma obliquata obliquata - Catspaw. Stygobromus nanus - An amphipod. Rank: T1 Rank: G1 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Stygobromus redactus - An amphipod. Rank: LE, XN. Rank: G1 Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua - White catspaw. Stygobromus sp. 2 - (from coburn cave, wv). Rank: T1 Rank: G1 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Stygobromus sp. 23 - Shenandoah mountain spring amphipod. Rank: LE. Rank: G1 Lampsilis teres teres - Slough sandshell. Stygobromus sp. 3 - (from dyers cave, wv). Rank: T1 Rank: G1 Leptodea leptodon - Scaleshell.

192 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species of Immediate Conservation Concern 12.2 in a Neighboring State to Pennsylvania

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cyzicidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Caenestheriella gynecia - Feminine clam shrimp. Polygyridae Rank: G1 Triodopsis platysayoides - Cheat threetooth. Rank: G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Caecidotea filicispeluncae - An isopod. Rank: LT. Rank: G1 Habitat: Streams and rivers, wetlands. Caecidotea simonini. Comments: Very likely present in PA due to extreme Rank: G1 adjacency of habitat. Caecidotea sinuncus. Triodopsis rugosa - Buttressed threetooth. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Caecidotea sp. 1 - Rock springs cave isopod. Rank: G1 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae Classification: Arthropoda: Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Columella columella alticola. Cleidogonidae Rank: T1 Pseudotremia lusciosa - Germany valley cave millipede. Vertigo clappi - Cupped vertigo. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Pseudotremia princeps - South branch valley cave millipede. Rank: G1 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pseudotremia sp. 1 - (from general davis cave, wv). Succineidae Rank: G1 Catinella gelida - A terrestrial snail. Classification: Arthropoda: Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Rank: G1 Conotylidae Conotyla vista - A cave obligate millipede. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: G1 Zonitidae Paravitrea bellona - Club supercoil. Classification: Arthropoda: Diplura: : Campodeidae Rank: G1 Litocampa sp. 1 - A cave dipluran (salamander cave). Paravitrea ceres - Sidelong supercoil. Rank: G1 Rank: G1

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae Lymnaeidae Horologion speokites - Arbuckle cave . Fossaria cyclostoma - Bugle fossaria. Rank: GH Rank: GH Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed. Pseudanophthalmus grandis orthosulcatus - A cave beetle. Rank: T1 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Pseudanophthalmus grandis ssp. 1 - A cave beetle. Hydrobiidae Rank: TNR Amnicola clarki - A freshwater snail. Pseudanophthalmus hadenoecus - Timber ridge cave beetle. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Fontigens sp. 1 - (from mcclung cave, wv). Pseudanophthalmus krameri - Kramer's cave beetle. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Fontigens turritella - Greenbrier cavesnail. Pseudanophthalmus krekeleri - Rich mountain cave beetle. Rank: G1 Rank: G1 Pseudanophthalmus lallemanti - Cave beetle. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Rank: G1 Pleuroceridae Pseudanophthalmus montanus - Dry fork valley cave beetle. Leptoxis trilineata - Broad mudalia. Rank: G1 Rank: GH Pseudanophthalmus ohioensis - Ohio cave beetle. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed. Rank: G1 Pseudanophthalmus potomaca senecae - Seneca cave beetle.

193 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species of Immediate Conservation Concern 12.2 in a Neighboring State to Pennsylvania

Rank: GH Rank: T1 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed. Pseudanophthalmus sp. 1 - (from wv). Ectoedemia phleophaga - Phleophagan chestnut nepticulid Rank: G1 moth. Pseudanophthalmus sp. 15 - Maryland cave beetle. Rank: GH Rank: G1 Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed. Pseudanophthalmus sp. 2 - (from wv). Rank: G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Pseudanophthalmus sp. 3 - (from wv). erepta - A noctuid moth. Rank: G1 Rank: GU Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Amphipoea erepta ryensis - A noctuid moth. Cicindela puritana - Puritan tiger beetle. Rank: T1 Rank: G1 Apamea inordinata. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: GU Rank: LT (Listed T in MD); Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Apamea mixta - A noctuid moth. Habitat: Streams and rivers, riparian sand. Rank: GU Catocala sp. 4 nr. louiseae - An underwing moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Rank: GU Hygrotus sylvanus - Sylvan hygrotus diving beetle. Erythroecia hebardi - Hebard's noctuid moth. Rank: GH Rank: GU Papaipema aweme - Aweme borer moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae Rank: GH Hydrochus spangleri - Seth forest water scavenger beetle. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed. Rank: G1 Richia sp. 2. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Rank: G1 Schinia parmeliana - A noctuid moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Lampyridae Rank: GU Photuris bethaniensis - Bethany beach firefly. Rank: G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Neonympha mitchellii - Mitchell's satyr. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Pselaphidae Rank: G1 Batriasymmodes parki - An antloving beetle. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: G1 Rank: LE; Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii - Mitchell's satyr. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Rank: T1 Heptageniidae Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Epeorus frisoni - Roaring brook mayfly. Rank: LE; Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Rank: G1 Epeorus suffusus - A mayfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Rank: G1 Colias interior pop. 1 - Pink-edged sulphur (wv,va, md high altitude population). Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadellidae Rank: T1 Limotettix minuendus - Eastern sedge barrens planthopper. Rank: G1 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Hemileuca nevadensis ssp. 2 - Schweitzer's buckmoth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Rank: T1 Lambdina canitiaria - A looper moth. Hemileuca sp. 1 - Bog buckmoth (pryor, 1998), bogbean Rank: GH buckmoth, cryan's buckmoth. Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed. Rank: G1

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae Ectoedemia castaneae - American chestnut nepticulid moth. Melanoplus sp. 51.

194 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species of Immediate Conservation Concern 12.2 in a Neighboring State to Pennsylvania

Rank: G1

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllidae Oecanthus laricis - Laricis tree cricket. Rank: G1

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Leptoceridae Triaenodes phalacris - Athens triaenodes caddisfly. Rank: GH Notes: Native; presence / absence studies may be needed.

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Philopotamidae Chimarra florida - Floridian finger-net caddisfly. Rank: G1

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae Agarodes libalis - Spring-loving psiloneuran caddisfly. Rank: G1

Classification: Annelida: Oligochaeta: Haplotaxida: Haplotaxidae Haplotaxis brinkhursti. Rank: G1

Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Alloeocoela: Prorhynchidae Geocentrophora cavernicola - A planarian. Rank: G1

Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Kenkiidae Procotyla typhlops - A planarian. Rank: G1 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Sphalloplana culveri - Culver's planarian. Rank: G1

Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Planariidae Phagocata angusta - A cave obligate planarian. Rank: G1

195 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species of High Conservation Concern 12.3 in a Neighboring State to Pennsylvania

Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Actinedida: Rhagidiidae Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae Poecilophysis wolmsdorfensis - A cave obligate mite. Caecidotea cannula - A cave obligate isopod. Rank: G2 Rank: G2

Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Margaritiferidae Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda: Entocytheridae Cumberlandia monodonta - Spectaclecase. Donnaldsoncythere tuberosa - A cave obligate shrimp. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: C. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Stagnicola woodruffi - Coldwater pondsnail. Elliptio lanceolata - Yellow lance. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Toxolasma lividus - Purple lilliput. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Rank: G2 Hydrobiidae Toxolasma lividus glans. Fontigens binneyana - A freshwater snail. Rank: T2 Rank: G2 Fontigens bottimeri - Appalachian springsnail. Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Entomobryidae Rank: G2 Pseudosinella testa - Shelled cave springtail. Fontigens tartarea - Organ cavesnail. Rank: G2 Rank: G2

Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Onychiuridae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Onychiurus janus - A cave obligate springtail. Helicodiscidae Rank: G2 Helicodiscus triodus - Talus coil. Rank: G2 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Crangonyx sp. 2 - (from wv). Polygyridae Rank: G2 Neohelix solemi - Coastal whitelip. Stygobromus borealis - Taconic cave amphipod. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Patera panselenus - Virginia bladetooth. Stygobromus morrisoni - Morrison's cave amphipod. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Stenotrema simile - Bear creek slitmouth. Stygobromus parvus - Minute cave amphipod. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Triodopsis anteridon - Carter threetooth. Stygobromus pollostus. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Stygobromus sp. 1 - (from wv and va). Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: G2 Pupillidae Stygobromus spinatus - Spring cave amphipod. Gastrocopta carnegiei - Erie snaggletooth. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Vertigo morsei - Six-whorl vertigo. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Rank: G2 Cambarus elkensis - Elk river crayfish. Rank: G2 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Cambarus veteranus - A crayfish. Succineidae Rank: G2 Catinella vagans - Mudbank ambersnail. Orconectes sloanii - A crayfish. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Novisuccinea chittenangoensis - Chittenango ambersnail. Rank: G2 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act

196 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species of High Conservation Concern 12.3 in a Neighboring State to Pennsylvania

Rank: LT. Rank: G2 Spartiniphaga carterae - A noctuid moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae Rank: G2 Pseudanophthalmus grandis elevatus - A cave beetle. Rank: T2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Pseudanophthalmus potomaca potomaca - South branch Crambus daeckellus - Daecke's pyralid moth. valley cave beetle. Rank: G2 Rank: T2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Hemileuca maia ssp. 5 - Coastal barrens buckmoth. Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis - Northeastern beach tiger beetle. Rank: T2 Rank: T2 Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Corduliidae Rank: LT; Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Somatochlora hineana - Hine's emerald. Habitat: Sandy beaches. Rank: G2 Cicindela patruela consentanea - Northern barrens tiger Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act beetle. Rank: LE (Listed E in OH). Rank: T2 Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Macromiidae Macromia wabashensis - Wabash river cruiser. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae Rank: G2 Baetis rusticans - A mayfly. Rank: G2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Capniidae Plauditus grandis - A mayfly. Allocapnia frumi - A stonefly. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 Procloeon vicinum - A mayfly. Rank: G2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae Sweltsa pocahontas - A stonefly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Rank: G2 Heptageniidae Maccaffertium sinclairi - A mayfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae Rank: G2 Hansonoperla hokolesqua - A stonefly. Rank: G2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Neoperla mainensis - A stonefly. Siphlonuridae Rank: G2 Siphlonurus barbarus - A mayfly. Rank: G2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Apataniidae Manophylax butleri - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Rank: G2 Crambidia sp. 1 - A lichen moth. Rank: G2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae Oxyethira novasota - Novasota oxyethiran microcaddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Rank: G2 Problema bulenta - Rare skipper. Rank: G2 Classification: Annelida: Oligochaeta: Lumbriculida: Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; Lumbriculidae Xerces Society Red List: Imperiled. Stylodrilus beattiei - A cave lumbriculid worm. Rank: G2 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Trichodrilus culveri. Abagrotis cryptica - A noctuid moth. Rank: G2 Rank: G2 buchholzi - Buchholz's dart moth.

197 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Ranked as Vulnerable 12.4 in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae robustus - Robust trapdoor spider. Caecidotea rotunda - Frost cave isopod. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Caecidotea sp. 3 - John friend's cave isopod (md). Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Hypochilidae Rank: G3 Hypochilus gertschi - Gertsch's lampshade-web spider. Rank: G3 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Cirolanidae Antrolana lira - Madison cave isopod. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Nesticidae Rank: G3 Nesticus tennesseensis. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: G3 Rank: LT.

Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Classification: Arthropoda: Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Chthoniidae Trichopetalidae Kleptochthonius henroti - Greenbrier valley cave Trichopetalum weyeriensis - Grand caverns blind cave pseudoscorpion. millipede. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Trichopetalum whitei - Luray caverns blind cave millipede. Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Rank: G3 Fusconaia subrotunda subrotunda - Longsolid. Rank: T3 Classification: Arthropoda: Diplura: : Campodeidae Pyganodon grandis corpulenta - Stout floater. Litocampa fieldingi - A cave obligate dipluran. Rank: T3 Rank: G3 Venustaconcha ellipsiformis - Ellipse. Rank: G3 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Entomobryidae Acella haldemani - Spindle lymnaea. Pseudosinella fonsa - A cave springtail. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Pseudosinella gisini. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Physidae Rank: G3 Physa vernalis - Vernal physa. Pseudosinella gisini gisini - A cave obligate springtail. Rank: G3 Rank: T3 Physella globosa - Globose physa. Pseudosinella orba - A cave springtail. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Sinella agna. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Rank: G3 Hydrobiidae Sinella krekeleri - A cave obligate springtail. Fontigens aldrichi - Hoosier amnicola. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Somatogyrus integra - Ohio pebblesnail. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Rank: G3 Crangonyctidae Stygobromus emarginatus - Greenbrier cave amphipod. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Rank: G3 Pleuroceridae Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Leptoxis dilatata - Seep mudalia. Stygobromus indentatus - Tidewater amphipod. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Lithasia verrucosa - Varicose rocksnail. Rank: G3 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Cambarus nerterius - A crayfish. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: G3 Philomycidae Philomycus virginicus - Virginia mantleslug.

198 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Ranked as Vulnerable 12.4 in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Rank: G3 Pseudanophthalmus potomaca - A cave beetle. Rank: G3 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Polygyridae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae Mesodon andrewsae - Balsam globe. Ameletus tarteri - A mayfly. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Triodopsis burchi - Pittsylvania threetooth. Rank: G3 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae Triodopsis discoidea - Rivercliff threetooth. Plauditus veteris - A mayfly. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Procloeon mendax - A mayfly. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: G3 Pupillidae Procloeon ozburni - A mayfly. Vertigo paradoxa - Mystery vertigo. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Procloeon simile - A mayfly. Vertigo parvula - Smallmouth vertigo. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Ephemerellidae Succineidae Dannella provonshai - A mayfly. Catinella hubrichti - Snowhill ambersnail. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Oxyloma effusum - Coastal-plain ambersnail. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Rank: G3 Heptageniidae Oxyloma groenlandicum - Ruddy ambersnail. Epeorus namatus - A mayfly. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Leucrocuta thetis - A mayfly. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: G3 Valloniidae Rhithrogena anomala - A mayfly. Planogyra asteriscus - Eastern flat-whorl. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Rhithrogena uhari - A mayfly. Rank: G3 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Zonitidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Gastrodonta fonticula - Appalachia bellytooth. Siphlonuridae Rank: G3 Siphlonisca aerodromia - Tomah mayfly. Glyphyalinia picea - Rust glyph. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Siphlonurus barbaroides - A mayfly. Glyphyalinia rimula - Tongued glyph. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Paravitrea pontis - Natural bridge supercoil. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Rank: G3 Pygarctia abdominalis. Paravitrea reesei - Round supercoil. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Paravitrea seradens - Barred supercoil. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Rank: G3 Cyclophora sp. 1 (culicaria of authors) - A geometrid moth. Rank: G3 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae Euchlaena milnei - A geometrid moth. Pseudanophthalmus grandis grandis - A cave beetle. Rank: G3 Rank: T3 Hypomecis buchholzaria - Buchholz's gray. Pseudanophthalmus higginbothami. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Metarranthis lateritiaria - A geometrid moth.

199 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Ranked as Vulnerable 12.4 in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Rank: G3 issues. Metarranthis pilosaria - Coastal swamp metarranthis. Comments: Possible synonymy of C. sensilis and C. ruperti Rank: G3 needs study. Metarranthis sp. 1 - Mid-Atlantic metarranthis. Hadena ectypa - A noctuid moth. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Lithophane lemmeri - Lemmer's noctuid moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Rank: G3 Amblyscirtes aesculapius - Lace-winged roadside-skipper. Lithophane lepida lepida - A noctuid moth. Rank: G3 Rank: T3 Amblyscirtes carolina - Carolina roadside-skipper. Lithophane sp. 1 nr. querquera - Schweitzer's sallow moth. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Euphyes dukesi - Dukes' skipper. Macrochilo bivittata - Two-striped cord grass moth. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Other Listing Sources: Xerces Society Red List: Vulnerable Macrochilo santerivalis. Euphyes dukesi dukesi - Dukes' skipper. Rank: G3 Rank: T3 Macrochilo sp. 1 nr. absorptalis - A noctuid moth. Other Listing Sources: Xerces Society Red List: Vulnerable Rank: G3 Euphyes pilatka - Palatka skipper. Meropleon ambifuscum - Newman's brocade. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Meropleon titan - A noctuid moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae Rank: G3 Tolype minta - southern tolype moth. Pachypolia atricornis - an autumnal noctuid moth. Rank: None Rank: G3 Notes: Presence / absence study needed if truly Tolype minta. Papaipema beeriana - Blazing star stem borer. Comments: Name given by Dunn (2004) list in error, perhaps Rank: G3 intended for Tolype notialis. Papaipema circumlucens - Hop borer. Callophrys hesseli - Hessel's hairstreak. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Papaipema sciata - Culvers root borer. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing; Rank: G3 Xerces Society Red List: Vulnerable. Papaipema silphii - Silphium borer moth. Callophrys lanoraieensis - Bog elfin. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Ptichodis bistrigata - Southern ptichodis. Satyrium kingi - King's hairstreak. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Schinia septentrionalis - A noctuid moth. Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Rank: G3 Spartiniphaga inops - Spartina borer moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Rank: G3 Abagrotis nefascia benjamini - Coastal heathland cutworm. Syngrapha altera. Rank: T3 Rank: G3 Apamea inebriata - A noctuid moth. Zanclognatha sp. 1. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Catocala consors sorsconi - The consort underwing. Rank: T3 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae Catocala herodias - Herodias underwing. Furcula modesta - A notodontid moth. Rank: G3 Rank: G3 Catocala herodias gerhardi - Herodias or pine barrens Heterocampa varia - A notodontid moth. underwing. Rank: G3 Rank: T3 Chytonix ruperti. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Rank: G3 Neonympha helicta - Helicta satyr. Habitat: Forest, coniferous. Rank: G3 Conservation Genetics: Genetics issues; species status Polygonia faunus smythi - Smyth's green comma.

200 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Ranked as Vulnerable 12.4 in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Rank: T3 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlodidae Diploperla kanawholensis – Little Kanawha perlodid stonefly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Riodinidae Rank: G3 Calephelis muticum - Swamp metalmark. Rank: G3 Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Kenkiidae Macrocotyla hoffmasteri - Hoffmaster's cave planarian. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Rank: G3 Eacles imperialis pini - Imperial moth. Rank: T3

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae Enallagma minusculum - Little bluet. Rank: G3 Enallagma pictum - Scarlet bluet. Rank: G3 Enallagma recurvatum - Pine barrens bluet. Rank: G3

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Corduliidae Somatochlora georgiana - Coppery emerald. Rank: G3 Williamsonia fletcheri - Ebony boghaunter. Rank: G3 Williamsonia lintneri - Ringed boghaunter. Rank: G3

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Gomphus crassus - Handsome clubtail. Rank: G3 Ophiogomphus alleghaniensis - Allegheny snaketail. Rank: G3 Ophiogomphus aspersus - Brook snaketail. Rank: G3

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Capniidae Allocapnia illinoensis - A stonefly. Rank: G3

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae Alloperla biserrata - A stonefly. Rank: G3 Alloperla idei - A stonefly. Rank: G3 Alloperla voinae - A stonefly. Rank: G3

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae Acroneuria kirchneri - A stonefly. Rank: G3 Perlesta adena - A stonefly. Rank: G3

201 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Not of Conservation Concern or of Uncertain 12.5 Conservation Status in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Species Not of Conservation Concern or of Rank: GNR Uncertain Conservation Status in a fraterna. Neighboring State of Pennsylvania Rank: GNR Anyphaena pectorosa. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Actinedida: Rhagidiidae Rank: GNR Rhagidia varia - A cave mite. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae hamata - A typical orb weaver. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Rank: GNR emertoni - A grass spider. Acanthepeira stellata - Starbellied spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Agelenopsis kastoni - A funnel-web spider. Araneus cavaticus - A spider. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Agelenopsis naevia - A grass spider. Araneus cingulatus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Agelenopsis pennsylvanica - A grass spider. Araneus guttulatus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Agelenopsis utahana - A grass spider. Araneus juniperi - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Coelotes juvenilis - A funnel-web weaver. Araneus marmoreus - Marbled spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Coelotes montanus - A funnel-web weaver. Araneus miniatus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ero leonina - A funnel-web weaver. Araneus niveus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Tegenaria domestica - A spider. Araneus nordmanni - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Wadotes hybridus - A funnel-web weaver. Araneus pratensis - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Araneus trifolium - Shamrock spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Amaurobiidae Rank: GNR Amaurobius ferox - An amaurobiid spider. Araniella displicata. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Callobius bennetti - A spider. Argiope aurantia - Banded garden spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Coras angularis - A spider. Argiope trifasciata - Banded garden spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Coras furcatus - A spider. Cyclosa conica - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Coras juvenilis - A spider. Eustala anastera - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Coras lamellosus - A spider. Gea heptagon - A typical orb weaver. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Coras medicinalis - A spider. Hypsosinga rubens - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Mangora gibberosa - An orb weaver. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Antrodiaetidae Rank: GNR Antrodiaetus unicolor - A foldingdoor trap-door spider. Mangora maculata - An orb weaver. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Mangora placida - An orb weaver. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Anyphaenidae Rank: GNR Anyphaena celer. Mecynogea lemniscata - Basilica spider.

202 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Not of Conservation Concern or of Uncertain 12.5 Conservation Status in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Metepeira labyrinthea - A typical orb weaver. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Dictynidae Micrathena gracilis - A typical orb weaver. Cicurina arcuata - A funnel-web weaver. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Micrathena sagittata - A typical orb weaver. Cicurina brevis - A funnel-web weaver. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Neoscona arabesca. Cicurina pallida - A cave spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Neoscona domiciliorum. Dictyna foliacea - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Dictyna minuta - A spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Atypidae Rank: GNR Sphodros niger - Purse-web spider. Dictyna sublata - A spider. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Sphodros rufipes - Red-legged purse-web spider. Dictyna zaba. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Lathys foxii. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Clubionidae Rank: GNR Agroperina lutosa. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Dysderidae Chiracanthium inclusum. Dysdera crocata. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Clubiona abbotii - A two-clawed hunting spider. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Gnaphosidae Clubiona bishopi - A two-clawed hunting spider. Callilepis imbecilla - A lynx spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Clubiona johnsoni - A two-clawed hunting spider. Callilepis pluto. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Clubiona kastoni - A two-clawed hunting spider. Cesonia bilineata - A gnaphosid spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Clubiona obesa - A two-clawed hunting spider. Drassodes neglectus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Clubiona spiralis - A two-clawed hunting spider. Drassyllus aprilinus. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Clubionoides excepta. Drassyllus creolus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Micaria longipes - A hunting spider. Drassyllus depressus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Drassyllus fallens. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Corrinnidae Rank: GNR Castianeira cingulata. Drassyllus frigidus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Castianeira descripta. Drassyllus niger - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Castianeira longipalpa. Drassyllus rufulus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Castianeira variata. Gnaphosa muscorum - A gnaphosid spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Gnaphosa parvula - A gnaphosid spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Ctenidae Rank: GNR Anahita punctulata - Southeastern wandering spider. Haplodrassus bicornis.

203 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Not of Conservation Concern or of Uncertain 12.5 Conservation Status in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Haplodrassus signifer. Florinda coccinea - A line weaving spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Herpyllus ecclesiasticus - Parson spider. Frontinella pyramitela - Bowl and doily spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Nodoscion floridanus. Helophora insignis - A line weaving spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Talanites echinus - A gnaphosid spider. Islandiana flaveola - A line weaving spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Zelotes hentzi. Lepthyphantes zebra - A line weaving spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Meioneta micaria - A line weaving spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Hahniidae Rank: GNR Hahnia cinerea. Microneta viaria. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Neoantistea agilis. Neriene clathrata - A line weaving spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Neoantistea magna. Neriene variabilis - A line weaving spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Oreonetides sp. 1 - Snivley's cave spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiidae Rank: GNR Anthrobia mammouthia. Origanates rostratus. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Pelecopsis moesta. Species Listing: Ohio. Rank: GNR Bathyphantes pallidus. Pityohyphantes costatus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Centromerus cornupalpis. Pocadicnemis americana. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Centromerus latidens. Tapinocyba hortensis. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraticelus bulbosus - A spider. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Liocranidae Ceraticelus fissiceps - A spider. Phrurotimpus alarius - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraticelus laticeps. Phrurotimpus borealis - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceratinella brunnea - A spider. Phrurotimpus certus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Eperigone augustae. Phrurotimpus dulcineus - A spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Eperigone maculata. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Loxoscelidae Eperigone tridentata. Loxosceles rufescens. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Eperigone trilobata. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae Erigone autumnalis. Allocosa funerea - A . Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Erigone brevidentata. Arctosa rubicunda. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Erigone dentigera. Hogna aspersa.

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Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hogna carolinensis. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Philodromidae Hogna frondicola. Philodromus minutus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pardosa distincta - A thin-legged wolf spider. Philodromus placidus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pardosa lapidicina - A thin-legged wolf spider. Philodromus praelustris. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR - A thin-legged wolf spider. Philodromus rufus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pardosa moesta - A thin-legged wolf spider. Philodromus vulgaris. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pardosa saxatilis - A thin-legged wolf spider. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Pholcidae Pirata alachuus - A wolf spider. Pholcus phalangioides - Long-bodied cellar spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pirata hiteorum - A wolf spider. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Pisauridae Pirata insularis - A wolf spider. Dolomedes scriptus - A fishing spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pirata minutus - A wolf spider. Dolomedes tenebrosus - A fishing spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pirata montanus - A wolf spider. Dolomedes triton - A fishing spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pirata piraticus - A wolf spider. Dolomedes vittatus - Spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pirata sedentarius - A wolf spider. Pisaurina mira - A fishing spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pirata seminolus - A wolf spider. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae Pirata zelotes - A wolf spider. Evarcha hoyi - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Rabidosa punctulata. Habrocestum parvulum - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Rabidosa rabida. Habrocestum pulex - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Schizocosa retrorsa. Habronattus viridipes - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Trochosa avara. Maevia inclemens - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Marpissa dentoides - A jumping spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Nesticidae Rank: GNR Eidmannella pallida - Cave spider. Marpissa lineata - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Nesticus carteri - A cave spider. Marpissa pikei - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Marpissa sulcosa - A jumping spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Oxyopidae Rank: GNR Oxyopes salticus. Menemerus bivitattus - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Oxyopes scalaris. Metacyrba undata - A jumping spider.

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Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Metaphidippus canadensis - A jumping spider. Latrodectus mactans - Blackwidow spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Metaphidippus protervus - A jumping spider. Latrodectus variolus - Widow spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Neon nellii - A jumping spider. Pholcomma hirsutum - A comb-footed spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Peckhamia picata. Robertus frontatus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Phidippus audax - A jumping spider. Steatoda triangulosa. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Phidippus purpuratus - A jumping spider. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae Phidippus whitmani - A jumping spider. Coriarachne lenta - A crab spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Phlegra fasciata. Misumena vatia. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Salticus scenicus - Zebra spider. Misumenoides formosipes. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Synemosyna formica - A jumping spider. Misumenops asperatus. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ozyptila modesta. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Segestriidae Rank: GNR Ariadna bicolor - A spider. Xysticus elegans - A crab spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Xysticus transversatus - A crab spider. Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae Rank: GNR Leucauge venusta - A pseudoscorpion. Xysticus triguttatus - A crab spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pachygnatha autumnalis - A thick-jawed orb weaver. Xysticus tumefactus - A crab spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pachygnatha tristriata - A thick-jawed orb weaver. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Uloboridae Pachygnatha xanthostomata - A thick-jawed orb weaver. Hyptiotes cavatus - Triangle spider. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR

Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae Classification: Arthropoda: Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Achaearanea porteri. Chernetidae Rank: GNR Hesperochernes occidentalis - A pseudoscorpion. Achaearanea tepidariorum - House spider. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Crustulina altera - A comb-footed spider. Rank: GNR Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Ostreoida: Ostreidae Crustulina sticta - A comb-footed spider. Crassostrea virginica - Eastern oyster. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Dipoena dorsata. Rank: GNR Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionidae Dipoena nigra - A spider. Actinonaias ligamentina ligamentina - Mucket. Rank: GNR Rank: T5 Enoplognatha marmorata - A comb-footed spider. Alasmidonta viridis - Slippershell mussel. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Euryopis limbata. Arcidens confragosus - Rock pocketbook.

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Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Sminthuridae Fusconaia ebena - Ebonyshell. Arrhopalites clarus - A springtail. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Lampsilis teres - Yellow sandshell. Arrhopalites sp. 1 - Crabtree cave springtail. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Ligumia subrostrata - Pondmussel. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Amphipoda: Megalonaias nervosa - Washboard. Crangonyctidae Rank: G5 Bactrurus mucronatus. Potamilus ohiensis - Pink papershell. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Crangonyx anomalus - Anomalous spring amphipod. Quadrula nodulata - Wartyback. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Stygobromus mackini - Southwestern virginia cave amphipod. Uniomerus tetralasmus - Pondhorn. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Stygobromus sp. 14 - Roundtop amphipod. Villosa lienosa - Little spectaclecase. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Stygobromus sp. 5 - Barrelville amphipod. Rank: GNR Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Veneroida: Dreissenidae Stygobromus sp. 6 - Devils hole cave amphipod. Mytilopsis leucophaeata - Dark falsemussel. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Classification: Mollusca: Bivalvia: Veneroida: Sphaeriidae Chirocephalidae Musculium partumeium - Swamp fingernailclam. Eubranchipus bundyi - Knobbedlip fairy shrimp. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Musculium securis - Pond fingernailclam. Eubranchipus serratus - Ethologist fairy shrimp. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Pisidium casertanum - Ubiquitous peaclam. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Limnadiidae Pisidium ferrugineum - Rusty peaclam. Eulimnadia diversa - Diversity clam shrimp. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Pisidium henslowanum - Henslow peaclam. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Lynceidae Notes: Exotic. Lynceus brachyurus - Holarctic clam shrimp. Pisidium rotundatum - Fat peaclam. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Pisidium ventricosum - Globular peaclam. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Rank: G5 Streptocephalidae Sphaerium corneum - European fingernailclam. Streptocephalus sealii - Spinytail fairy shrimp. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Notes: Exotic. Sphaerium nitidum - Arctic fingernailclam. Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Copepoda: Rank: G5 Canthocamptidae Sphaerium simile - Grooved fingernailclam. Attheyella spinipes - A cyclopoid copepod. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Sphaerium striatinum - Striated fingernailclam. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopidae Diacyclops palustris - A cyclopoid copepod. Classification: Arthropoda: Collembola: : Entomobryidae Rank: GNR Pseudosinella christianseni - A cave obligate springtail. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambaridae Cambarus acuminatus - A crayfish.

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Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Cambarus chasmodactylus - New river crayfish. Conotyla smilax - A millipede. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Cambarus longulus - A crayfish. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Cambarus ortmanni - Burrowing crayfish. Trichopetalidae Rank: G4 Trichopetalum krekeleri - West virginia blind cave millipede. Cambarus sciotensis - A crayfish. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Trichopetalum packardi - Packard's blind cave millipede. Fallicambarus fodiens - A crayfish. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Orconectes cristavarius - A crayfish. Classification: Arthropoda: Diplura: : Campodeidae Rank: G5 Plusiocampa fieldingi. Orconectes immunis - Calico crayfish. Rank: None Rank: G5 Comments: Derived solely from Dunn (2004) list. Orconectes neglectus - A crayfish. Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Architaenioglossa: Orconectes sanbornii - A crayfish. Viviparidae Rank: G4 Campeloma crassulum - Ponderous campeloma. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae Campeloma rufum - A freshwater snail. Caecidotea holsingeri - Holsinger's cave isopod. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Cipangopaludina japonica - Japanese mysterysnail. Caecidotea sp. 2 - An isopod. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Notes: Exotic. Caecidotea sp. 4 - A cave isopod. Lioplax sulculosa - Furrowed lioplax. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Caecidotea sp. 5 - A cave isopod. Rank: GNR Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Caecidotea sp. 6 - A cave isopod (from Garrett County). Ancylidae Rank: GNR Ferrissia walkeri - Cloche ancylid. Caecidotea stygia - A cave isopod. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Isopoda: Trachelipodidae Carychiidae Trachelipus rathkei. Carychium exile canadense. Rank: GNR Rank: T4

Classification: Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda: Entocytheridae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Ankylocythere tridentata - An entocytherid ostracod. Lymnaeidae Rank: GNR Fossaria humilis - Marsh fossaria. Dactylocythere scotos - An entocytherid ostracod. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Fossaria rustica - A freshwater snail. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Lymnaea stagnalis - Swamp lymnaea. Cleidogonidae Rank: G5 Pseudotremia fulgida - Greenbrier valley cave millipede. Stagnicola exilis - Flat-whorled pondsnail. Rank: G4 Rank: G5

Classification: Arthropoda: Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Physidae Conotylidae Physella acuta - European physa. Conotyla blakei - A millipede. Rank: G5

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Notes: Exotic. Rank: G4 xPhysella hendersoni - Bayou physa. Leptoxis praerosa - Onyx rocksnail. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Physella vinosa - Banded physa. Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Pomatiopsidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Basommatophora: Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis - Brown walker. Planorbidae Rank: G4 Gyraulus crista - Star gyro. Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Micromenetus brogniartianus - Disc sprite. Arionidae Rank: G5 Arion fasciatus - Orange-banded arion. Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterostropha: Valvatidae Notes: Exotic. Valvata lewisi - Fringed valvata. Rank: G4 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Discidae Valvata sincera - Mossy valvata. Anguispira mordax - Appalachian tigersnail. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Discus rotundatus - Rotund disc. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Rank: G5 Melongenidae Notes: Exotic. Busycon carica - Knobbed whelk. Rank: GNR Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Busycon sinistrum - Lightning whelk. Ferussaciidae Rank: GNR Cecilioides aperta - Obtuse awlsnail. Busycotypus canaliculatus - Channeled whelk. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Notes: Exotic.

Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae Hydrobiidae Helix aperta - Green gardensnail. Birgella subglobosus - Globe siltsnail. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Notes: Exotic. Cincinnatia integra - Midland siltsnail. Helix aspersa - Brown gardensnail. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Littoridinops monroensis - Cockscomb hydrobe. Notes: Exotic. Rank: G5 Littoridinops tenuipes - Henscomb hydrobe. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: G5 Helicodiscidae Lyogyrus pilsbryi - Lake duskysnail. Helicodiscus fimbriatus - Fringed coil. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Potamopyrgus antipodarum - New zealand mudsnail. Helicodiscus inermis - Oldfield coil. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Notes: Exotic. Helicodiscus shimeki - Temperate coil. Spurwinkia salsa - Saltmarsh hydrobe. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Limacidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neotaenioglossa: Deroceras reticulatum - Gray fieldslug. Pleuroceridae Rank: G5 Elimia semicarinata - Fine-ridged elimia. Notes: Exotic. Rank: G5 Limax flavus - Yellow gardenslug. Elimia simplex - Smooth elimia. Rank: G5

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Notes: Exotic. Punctidae Limax maximus - Giant gardenslug. Punctum smithi - Lamellate spot. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Notes: Exotic. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae Milacidae Columella columella - Mellow column. Milax gagates - Greenhouse slug. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Gastrocopta cristata - Crested snaggletooth. Notes: Exotic. Rank: G5 Gastrocopta holzingeri - Lambda snaggletooth. Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Rank: G5 Philomycidae Gastrocopta pellucida - Slim snaggletooth. Pallifera fosteri - Foster mantleslug. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Gastrocopta procera - Wing snaggletooth. Pallifera ohioensis - Redfoot mantleslug. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Gastrocopta similis - Great lakes snaggletooth. Philomycus venustus - Brown-spotted mantleslug. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Pupilla muscorum - Widespread column. Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Vertigo elatior - Tapered vertigo. Polygyridae Rank: G5 Euchemotrema leai leai. Vertigo oralis - Palmetto vertigo. Rank: T5 Rank: G5 Inflectarius inflectus - Shagreen. Vertigo oscariana - Capital vertigo. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Vertigo teskeyae - Swamp vertigo. Species Listing: West Virginia. Rank: G5 Inflectarius rugeli - Deep-tooth shagreen. Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Mesodon elevatus - Proud globe. Subulinidae Rank: G5 Lamellaxis micra - Tiny awlsnail. Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Rank: G5 Species Listing: West Virginia. Notes: Exotic. Neohelix major - Southeastern whitelip. Rank: G4 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Patera appressa - Flat bladetooth. Succineidae Rank: G5 Catinella pinicola - Pinewoods ambersnail. Patera laevior - Smooth bladetooth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Oxyloma decampi - Marshall ambersnail. Stenotrema stenotrema - Inland slitmouth. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Oxyloma peoriense - Depressed ambersnail. Triodopsis hopetonensis - Magnolia threetooth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Succinea campestris - Crinkled ambersnail. Triodopsis obsoleta - Nubbin threetooth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Succinea indiana - Xeric ambersnail. Triodopsis tennesseensis - Budded threetooth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Succinea wilsonii - Golden ambersnail. Xolotrema fosteri - Bladetooth wedge. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Valloniidae

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Vallonia gracilicosta - Multirib vallonia. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Pseudanophthalmus grandis - A cave beetle. Vallonia parvula - Trumpet vallonia. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Pseudanophthalmus hypertrichosis - A cave beetle. Vallonia perspectiva - Thin-lip vallonia. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Classification: Mollusca: Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Diabrotica cristata - A chrysomelid beetle. Zonitidae Rank: GNR Glyphyalinia cumberlandiana - Hill glyph. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae Glyphyalinia lewisiana - Pale glyph. Cicindela cuprascens - Coppery tiger beetle. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Glyphyalinia luticola - Furrowed glyph. Habitat: Streams and rivers. Rank: G4 Cicindela cursitans - Ant-like tiger beetle. Glyphyalinia praecox - Brilliant glyph. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Habitat: Grasslands, open areas. Glyphyalinia solida. Cicindela dorsalis - Eastern beach tiger beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Glyphyalinia specus - Hollow glyph. Other Listing Sources: US Endangered Species Act Rank: G4 Rank: PS; Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Mesomphix capnodes - Dusky button. Habitat: Sandy beaches. Rank: G5 Cicindela dorsalis media - White tiger beetle. Mesomphix friabilis - Brittle button. Rank: T4 Rank: G5 Other Listing Sources: Maryland Natural Heritage Listing. Mesomphix vulgatus - Common button. Habitat: Sandy beaches. Rank: G4 Cicindela longilabris - Boreal long-lipped tiger beetle. Oxychilus cellarius - Cellar glass-snail. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Habitat: Forest, open areas. Notes: Exotic. Cicindela macra - Sandy stream tiger beetle. Oxychilus draparnaudi - Dark-bodied glass-snail. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Habitat: Streams and rivers. Notes: Exotic. Cicindela marginata - Margined tiger beetle. Ventridens acerra - Glossy dome. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Cicindela scutellaris flavoviridis - Festive tiger beetle. Ventridens arcellus - Golden dome. Rank: T5 Rank: G4 Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Ventridens cerinoideus - Wax dome. Cicindela scutellaris lecontei - Festive tiger beetle. Rank: G4 Rank: T5 Ventridens collisella - Sculptured dome. Habitat: Forest, thickets, upland sand. Rank: G4 Cicindela trifasciata - S-banded tiger beetle. Ventridens lasmodon - Hollow dome. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Habitat: Sandy beaches. Ventridens theloides - Copper dome. Cicindela trifasciata ascendens - S-banded tiger beetle. Rank: G4 Rank: T5 Zonitoides elliotti - Green dome. Habitat: Sandy beaches. Rank: G4 Nephus gordoni - A coccinellid beetle. Zonitoides limatulus - Dull gloss. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae acuductus - A predaceous diving beetle. Pseudanophthalmus fuscus. Rank: GNR

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Hoperius planatus. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR turbida - A mayfly. Hydrocolus deflatus - A predaceous diving beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Acerpenna pygmaea - A mayfly. Laccophilus schwarzi - Schwarz' diving beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Baetis brunneicolor - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae Baetis flavistriga - A mayfly. Helocombus bifidus - A water-scavenger beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Baetis intercalaris - A mayfly. Hydrochara occultus - A water scavenger beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Baetis pluto - A mayfly. Sperchopsis tessellatus - A water scavenger beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Baetis tricaudatus - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Lucanidae Callibaetis ferrugineus - A mayfly. Lucanus elephus - Giant stag beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Callibaetis floridanus - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Scirtidae Callibaetis fluctuans - A mayfly. Cyphon sp. 1 - A maryland water beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Callibaetis pallidus - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae Callibaetis pretiosus - A mayfly. Schoenicus puberulus - A tenebrionid beetle. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Callibaetis skokianus - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae Diphetor hageni - Hagen's small minnow mayfly. Wyeomyia haynei - A mosquito. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Heterocloeon curiosum - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae Heterocloeon frivolum - A mayfly. Wyeomyia smithii - Pitcher-plant mosquito. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Paracloeodes minutus - A small minnow mayfly. xAmeletus cryptostimulus - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Plauditus cestus - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae Plauditus dubius - A mayfly. Ameletus ludens - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Plauditus gloveri - A mayfly. Ameletus tertius - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Plauditus punctiventris - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Procloeon fragile - A mayfly. Arthropleidae Rank: G4 Arthroplea bipunctata - A mayfly. Procloeon rivulare - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Procloeon rufostrigatum - A mayfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae Rank: G5 Acentrella ampla - A mayfly. Procloeon viridoculare - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Acentrella parvula - A mayfly. Pseudocentroptiloides usa - A mayfly.

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Rank: G4 Drunella longicornis - A mayfly. Pseudocloeon propinquum - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Drunella tuberculata - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetiscidae Drunella walkeri - A mayfly. Baetisca lacustris - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Ephemerella aurivillii - A mayfly. Baetisca laurentina - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Ephemerella excrucians - A mayfly. Baetisca obesa - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Ephemerella needhami - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae Ephemerella septentrionalis - A mayfly. Brachycercus lacustris - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Ephemerella subvaria - A mayfly. Brachycercus maculatus - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eurylophella aestiva - A mayfly. Caenis amica - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eurylophella bicolor - A mayfly. Caenis anceps - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eurylophella funeralis - A mayfly. Caenis diminuta - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eurylophella lutulenta - A mayfly. Caenis diminuta diminuta - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eurylophella macdunnoughi - A mayfly. Caenis hilaris - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eurylophella minimella - A mayfly. Caenis latipennis - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Eurylophella temporalis - A mayfly. Caenis macafferti - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eurylophella verisimilis - A mayfly. Caenis punctata - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Serratella deficiens - A mayfly. Caenis tardata - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Serratella molita - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Attenella attenuata - A mayfly. Ephemeridae Rank: G5 Ephemera blanda - West virginia burrowing mayfly. Attenella margarita - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Ephemera guttulata - A mayfly. Dannella lita - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Ephemera simulans - A mayfly. Dannella simplex - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Ephemera varia - A mayfly. Drunella cornuta - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Hexagenia atrocaudata - A mayfly. Drunella cornutella - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Hexagenia bilineata - A mayfly. Drunella lata - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Hexagenia limbata - A mayfly.

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Rank: G5 Stenacron pallidum - A mayfly. Hexagenia rigida - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Litobrancha recurvata - A burrowing mayfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae Rank: G5 Isonychia arida - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Isonychia bicolor - A mayfly. Heptageniidae Rank: G5 Epeorus fragilis - A mayfly. Isonychia obscura - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Epeorus punctatus - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Heptagenia flavescens - A mayfly. Leptohyphidae Rank: G5 Tricorythodes allectus - A mayfly. Heptagenia julia - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Tricorythodes minutus - A mayfly. Heptagenia marginalis - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Tricorythodes stygiatus - A mayfly. Heptagenia pulla - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Choroterpes basalis - A mayfly. Leucrocuta aphrodite - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Habrophlebia vibrans - A mayfly. Leucrocuta juno - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Habrophlebiodes americana - A mayfly. Leucrocuta maculipennis - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Leptophlebia cupida - A mayfly. Leucrocuta umbratica - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Leptophlebia johnsoni - Johnson's pronggill mayfly. Leucrocuta walshi - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Leptophlebia nebulosa - A mayfly. Maccaffertium exiguum - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Paraleptophlebia adoptiva - A mayfly. Maccaffertium ithaca - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Paraleptophlebia debilis - A mayfly. Maccaffertium luteum - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Paraleptophlebia guttata - A mayfly. Maccaffertium mexicanum - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Paraleptophlebia moerens - A mayfly. Maccaffertium terminatum - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Paraleptophlebia mollis - A mayfly. Nixe inconspicua - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Paraleptophlebia ontario - A mayfly. Nixe lucidipennis - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Paraleptophlebia praepedita - A mayfly. Nixe perfida - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Paraleptophlebia volitans - A mayfly. Nixe rusticalis - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Rhithrogena amica - A mayfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Rank: G4 Metretopodidae Rhithrogena manifesta - A mayfly. Siphloplecton basale - A sand minnow mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5

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Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae Ephoron album - A mayfly. Cisthene kentuckiensis - Kentucky lichen moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Ephoron leukon - A mayfly. Cisthene tenuifascia - Thin-banded lichen moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Eilema bicolor. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Rank: G5 Grammia celia. distinctus - A mayfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Grammia placentia - A tiger moth. Anthopotamus myops - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Haploa colona. Anthopotamus neglectus - A mayfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Anthopotamus verticis - Walker's tusked sprawler. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Geometridae Rank: G5 Anacamptodes pergracilis - A geometrid moth. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caripeta sp. 1 - The south jersey caripeta. Siphlonuridae Rank: G4 Siphlonisca aerodromia - tomah mayfly. Chloropteryx tepperaria - Angle winged emerald moth. Rank: None Rank: G4 Siphlonurus alternatus - A mayfly. Cleora projecta. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Siphlonurus marshalli - A mayfly. Digrammia eremiata - Three-lined angle moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Siphlonurus mirus - A mayfly. Eubaphe meridiana - A moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Siphlonurus quebecensis - A mayfly. Eumacaria latiferrugata - A geometer moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Siphlonurus rapidus - A mayfly. Eusarca fundaria. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Siphlonurus typicus - A mayfly. Exelis pyrolaria - Fine lined gray. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Glena plumosaria. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Heteroptera: Microphysidae Rank: G4 Chinaola quercicola - A microphysid. Glenoides texanaria - Texas gray. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Hydriomena pluviata - A moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae Rank: G4 Hesperophylum heidemanni - A plant bug. Idaea obfusaria - Rippled wave. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Lygocoris nyssae - A mirid bug. Idaea productata. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Leptostales rubromarginaria - A geometrid moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadellidae Rank: GNR Chlorotettix sp. 1 - A cicadellid leafhopper. Lycia ypsilon. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Lytrosis sinuosa. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae Rank: G4 Proceratium crocea - A formicide ant. Metarranthis sp. 2 - northern coastal metarranthis.

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Rank: G4 Plebejus acmon - Acmon blue. Nemoria saturiba. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Nepytia pellucidaria - A moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae Rank: GU Dasychira atrivenosa - A lyamntriid moth. Nepytia sp. 1 - Dusky mid-summer nepytia. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Dasychira leucophaea - A lymantriid moth. Pero zalissaria. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Scopula purata. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Rank: G4 Abagrotis barnesi - A noctuid moth. Semiothisa banksianae - A geometrid moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Abagrotis nefascia - A noctuid moth. Semiothisa denticulata - A geometrid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Acronicta brumosa - A daggermoth. Semiothisa mellistrigata - A geometrid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Agrotis obliqua - A noctuid moth. Thysanopyga intractata - A geometer moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Agrotis stigmosa. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Anaplectoides brunneomedia - A noctuid moth. Amblyscirtes alternata. Rank: G4 Rank: None Apamea apamiformis - A noctuid moth. Comments: Derived solely from Dunn (2004) list. Rank: G4 Lerodea eufala - Eufala skipper. Apamea plutonia - A noctuid moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Poanes aaroni - Aaron's skipper. Apamea relicina - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Poanes aaroni aaroni - Aaron's skipper. Bellura gortynoides. Rank: T4 Rank: G4 Wallengrenia otho - Southern broken-dash. Brachylomia algens. Rank: G5 Rank: None Comments: Derived solely from Dunn (2004) l2004) list. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Limacodidae Catocala clintoni - Clinton's underwing. Monoleuca semifascia - A slug moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Catocala coelebs - The old maid underwing. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae Catocala jair - Jair underwing. Atlides halesus - Great purple hairstreak. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Catocala jair ssp. 2 - Jersey jair underwing. Celastrina idella - American holly azure. Rank: T4 Rank: G4 Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Echinargus isola - Reakirt's blue. Species Listing: Ohio. Rank: G5 Catocala louiseae - Louise's underwing. Glaucopsyche lygdamus couperi - Couper's blue. Rank: G4 Rank: T4 Catocala sappho - Sappho underwing. Lycaena dorcas - Dorcas copper. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Chortodes enervata - A noctuid moth. Lycaena dorcas dorcas - Dorcas copper. Rank: G4 Rank: TU Cucullia alfarata. Lycaena helloides - Purplish copper. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Doryodes grandipennis - A moth.

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Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Drasteria adumbrata. Oligia bridghami - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Drasteria graphica - Graphic moth. Oligia minuscula - Bog oligia. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Drasteria graphica atlantica - Atlantic graphic moth. Ommatostola lintneri. Rank: T4 Rank: G4 Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris - A noctuid moth. Oncocnemis riparia. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Euxoa immixta. Orthodes obscura - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Euxoa lidia. Papaipema appassionata - Pitcher plant borer moth. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Euxoa lidia thanatologia. Papaipema duovata - Seaside goldenrod borer moth. Rank: T5 Rank: G4 Euxoa pleuritica - A noctuid moth. Papaipema harrisii - Heracleum stem borer moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Fishia enthea - A noctuid moth. Papaipema polymniae - Polymnia borer moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Hemeroplanis scopulepes - Variable tropic. Papaipema speciosissima - Osmunda borer moth. Rank:/ G5 Rank: G4 Hyperstrotia flaviguttata - A noctuid moth. Papaipema stenocelis - Chain fern borer moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Hyppa contrasta. Phalaenostola hanhami - A moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Lepipolys perscripta. Protorthodes incincta. Rank: G4 Rank: None Leucania extincta - A moth. Comments: Derived solely from Dunn List. Rank: G4 Pseudanthracia coracias. Leucania extincta flabilis - A moth. Rank: G4 Rank: T4 Ptichodis herbarum - Common ptichodis. Lithophane disposita - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Renia nemoralis - A noctuid moth. Lithophane lepida - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Schinia bifascia - A noctuid moth. Lithophane lepida adipel - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: T4 Schinia spinosae - A noctuid moth. Lithophane viridipallens - Pale green pinion moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Schinia tuberculum - Golden aster flower moth. Macrochilo louisiana. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Schrankia macula. Meropleon cosmion. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Simyra sp. 1. Meropleon diversicolor - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Spartiniphaga panatela - Northern cordgrass borer. Mesapamea stipata - The four-lined cordgrass borer. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Syngrapha rectangula - Salt & pepper looper moth. Metaxaglaea violacea - Holly sallow. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Tarachidia binocula. Mocis texana - A moth. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Tarachidia semiflava - A noctuid moth. Morrisonia mucens - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4

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Trichoclea artesta - Hairy artesta. Eurema mexicana - Mexican yellow. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Tricholita notata - Marked noctuid. Phoebis agarithe - Large orange sulphur. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Trichosilia manifesta - A noctuid moth. Pieris oleracea - Eastern veined white. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Ufeus plicatus - Folded satyr. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Ufeus satyricus - Brown satyr. Melitara prodenialis. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Xestia (Pachnobia) homogena - A noctuid moth. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Riodinidae Xylena thoracica - Acadian swordgrass moth. Calephelis virginiensis - Little metalmark. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Zale calycanthata. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae Zale largera. Anisota senatoria - Orange-striped oakworm moth. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Zale metatoides. Hyalophora columbia - Columbia silkmoth, includes glover's Rank: G5 silkmoth. Zanclognatha theralis. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Hyalophora columbia columbia - Columbia silkmoth. Rank: T4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Notodontidae Cerura scitiscripta - Black-etched prominent. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Sphingidae Rank: G5 Isoparce cupressi - Cypress sphinx. Hemiceras cadmia - A notodontid moth. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Manduca rustica - Rustic sphinx. Notes: Native; absent. Rank: G5 Comments: Perhaps a misidentification or mislabeled Sphinx luscitiosa - Clemen's sphinx. specimen; perhaps incorrect identification of Calpe Rank: G4 canadensis, a noctuid moth. Heterocampa astarte - A notodontid moth. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Aeshnidae Rank: G4 Aeshna eremita - Lake darner. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Aeshna septentrionalis - Azure darner. Anaea andria - Goatweed leafwing. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Aeshna subarctica - Subarctic darner. Cyllopsis gemma - Gemmed satyr. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Danaus gilippus - Queen. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae Rank: G5 Coenagrion interrogatum - Subarctic bluet. Oeneis jutta - Jutta arctic. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Enallagma dubium - Burgundy bluet. Polygonia gracilis - Hoary comma. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Enallagma pallidum - Pale bluet. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae Enallagma sulcatum - Golden bluet. Ascia monuste - Great southern white. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Enallagma vernale - Vernal bluet. Eurema daira - Barred yellow. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Enallagma weewa - Blackwater bluet.

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Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Telebasis byersi - Duckweed firetail. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Libellulidae Brachymesia gravida - Four-spotted pennant. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Corduliidae Rank: G5 Epitheca semiaquea - Mantled baskettail. Celithemis monomelaena - Black spotted skimmer. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Epitheca spinosa - Robust baskettail. Celithemis ornata - Faded pennant. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Helocordulia selysii - Selys' sundragon. Celithemis verna - Double-ringed pennant. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Neurocordulia molesta - Smoky shadowdragon. Erythrodiplax umbrata - Band-winged dragonlet. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Neurocordulia virginiensis - Cinnamon shadowdragon. Miathyria marcella - Hyacinth glider. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Somatochlora albicincta - Ringed emerald. Orthemis ferruginea - Roseate skimmer. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Somatochlora cingulata - Lake emerald. Sympetrum danae - Black meadowhawk. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Somatochlora ensigera - Plains emerald. Tramea calverti - Striped saddlebags. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Somatochlora f Tramea onusta - Red saddlebags. ranklini - Delicate emerald. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Somatochlora kennedyi - Kennedy's emerald. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Macromiidae Somatochlora minor - Ocellated emerald. Macromia pacifica - Gilded river cruiser. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Somatochlora provocans - Treetop emerald. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae Psinidia fenestralis - Sand locust. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae Rank: G5 Arigomphus lentulus - Stillwater clubtail. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Orthoptera: Gryllidae Arigomphus pallidus - Gray-green clubtail. Allonemobius griseus - Gray ground cricket. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Dromogomphus armatus - Southeastern spinyleg. Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Capniidae Dromogomphus spoliatus - Flag-tailed spinyleg. Allocapnia wrayi - A stonefly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Erpetogomphus designatus - Eastern ringtail. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae Gomphus apomyius - Banner clubtail. Alloperla usa - A stonefly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Gomphus externus - Plains clubtail. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Leuctridae Gomphus graslinellus - Pronghorn clubtail. Leuctra carolinensis - A stonefly. Rank: G5 Rank: G4 Gomphus parvidens - Piedmont clubtail. Leuctra variabilis - A stonefly. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Ophiogomphus colubrinus - Boreal snaketail. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Nemouridae Stylurus laurae - Laura's clubtail. Soyedina kondratieffi - A stonefly.

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Rank: G4 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae Agapetus iridis - A caddisfly. Peltoperla tarteri - Virginia roachfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Culoptila cantha - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae Glossosoma lividum - A caddisfly. Acroneuria frisoni - A stonefly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Protoptila lega - A caddisfly. Agnetina capitata - A stonefly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Protoptila tenebrosa - A caddisfly. Neoperla stewarti - A stonefly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Goeridae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlodidae Goeracea genota - A caddisfly. Isoperla dicala - A stonefly. Rank: G4 Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae Ceratopsyche aenigma - A caddisfly. Oemopteryx glacialis - Canadian willowfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G4 Ceratopsyche macleodi - A caddisfly. Strophopteryx appalachia - Appalachian willowfly. Rank: G4 Rank: G4 Cheumatopsyche burksi - A caddisfly. Taeniopteryx lita - Small willowfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Cheumatopsyche parentum - A caddisfly. Taeniopteryx lonicera - Honeysuckle willowfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Cheumatopsyche virginica - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Apataniidae Cheumatopsyche wabasha - A caddisfly. Manophylax altus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hydropsyche aerata - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Brachycentridae Hydropsyche bidens - A caddisfly. Brachycentrus americanus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hydropsyche cuanis - A caddisfly. Brachycentrus appalachia - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Micrasema bennetti - A caddisfly. Species Listing: West Virginia. Rank: GNR Hydropsyche decalda - A caddisfly. Micrasema burksi - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hydropsyche depravata - A caddisfly. Micrasema scotti - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hydropsyche franclemonti - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae Hydropsyche frisoni - A caddisfly. Anisocentropus pyraloides - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hydropsyche hoffmani - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Dipseudopsidae Hydropsyche incommoda - A caddisfly. Phylocentropus carolinus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Other Listing Sources: Allegheny National Forest Sensitive Species Listing: West Virginia.

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Hydropsyche piatrix. Rank: GNR Rank: None Oxyethira obtatus - A caddisfly. Comments: Derived solely from Dunn List. Rank: G4 Hydropsyche rossi - A caddisfly. Oxyethira serrata - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hydropsyche simulans - A caddisfly. Oxyethira verna - An oxyethiran microcaddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Macrostemum transversum - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae Lepidostoma styliferum - A caddisfly. Hydroptila albicornis - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Theliopsyche melas - A caddisfly. Hydroptila artesa - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Theliopsyche parva - A caddisfly. Hydroptila fowelsi - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Hydroptila koryaki - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Leptoceridae Rank: GNR Ceraclea annulicornis - A caddisfly. Hydroptila lonchera - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Ceraclea erratica - A caddisfly. Hydroptila vala - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraclea erulla - A caddisfly. Hydroptila valhalla - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraclea excisa - A caddisfly. Hydroptila virgata - A caddisfly. Rank: G4 Rank: GNR Ceraclea neffi - A caddisfly. Hydroptila xoncla - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraclea nepha - A ceraclean caddisfly. Ithytrichia mazon - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraclea ophioderus - A ceraclean caddisfly. Neotrichia collata - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraclea protonepha - A caddisfly. Neotrichia falca - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ceraclea submacula - A caddisfly. Neotrichia halia - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Nectopsyche diarina - A caddisfly. Neotrichia vibrans - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Nectopsyche pavida - A caddisfly. Ochrotrichia arva - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Oecetis ochracea - A caddisfly. Ochrotrichia dardeni - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Triaenodes melacus - A caddisfly. Ochrotrichia eliaga - A purse casmaker caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Triaenodes ochracea - A caddisfly. Ochrotrichia unio - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ylodes frontalis - A caddisfly. Ochrotrichia xena - A purse casmaker caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Oxyethira allagashensis - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilidae Rank: GNR Anabolia ozburni - A caddisfly. Oxyethira coercens - An oxyethiran microcaddisfly. Rank: G5

221 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Not of Conservation Concern or of Uncertain 12.5 Conservation Status in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Anabolia sordida - A caddisfly. Agrypnia colorata - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Arctopora pulchella - A caddisfly. Agrypnia glacialis - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Hydatophylax argus - A caddisfly. Agrypnia improba - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Ironoquia kaskaskia - A caddisfly. Agrypnia straminea - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Leptophylax gracilis - A caddisfly. Banksiola concatenata - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Limnephilus canadensis - A caddisfly. Banksiola smithi - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Limnephilus dispar - A caddisfly. Fabria inornata - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Limnephilus externus - A caddisfly. Ptilostomis angustipennis - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: GNR Limnephilus extractus - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilus hyalinus - A caddisfly. Polycentropodidae Rank: GNR Cernotina ohio - A caddisfly. Limnephilus infernalis - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Cernotina oklahoma - A caddisfly. Limnephilus perpusillus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Cernotina pallida - A caddisfly. Limnephilus sublunatus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Cernotina spicata - A caddisfly. Onocosmoecus unicolor - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Neureclipsis valida - A caddisfly. Platycentropus amicus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Polycentropus aureolus - A caddisfly. Platycentropus indistinctus - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Rank: G5 Polycentropus grellus - A caddisfly. Pycnopsyche aglona - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Polycentropus neiswanderi - A caddisfly. Pycnopsyche indiana - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Pycnopsyche limbata - A caddisfly. Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae Rank: G5 Rhyacophila acutiloba - A caddisfly. Rank: G5 Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Molannidae Rhyacophila fenestra - A caddisfly. Molanna cinerea - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5 Rhyacophila parantra - A caddisfly. Psilotreta rossi - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Philopotamidae Sericostomatidae Chimarra augusta - A caddisfly. Agarodes crassicornis - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: GNR Chimarra moselyi - A caddisfly. Agarodes distinctus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Rank: G5

Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Phryganeidae Classification: Arthropoda: Insecta: Trichoptera: Uenoidae

222 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Species Unconfirmed in Pennsylvania But Included on Conservation Lists in Neighboring States 12 Species Not of Conservation Concern or of Uncertain 12.5 Conservation Status in a Neighboring State of Pennsylvania

Neophylax ayanus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR Neophylax stolus - A caddisfly. Rank: GNR

Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Kenkiidae Sphalloplana hoffmasteri - Hoffmaster's cave planarian. Rank: None Sphalloplana percoeca - A cave obligate planarian. Rank: G5 Sphalloplana sp. 1 - A planarian. Rank: GNR

Classification: Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Planariidae Phagocata virilis - A planarian. Rank: GNR Planaria dactyligera - A planarian. Rank: GNR

223 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Invasive Species 12.6

Pennsylvania Invasive Species – see http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov for definitions, concepts, terms, and advisories.

Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) – OCCURS IN PA Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) – OCCURS IN PA Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) – OCCURS IN PA European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) – OCCURS IN PA Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) – Ohio, Maryland Viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni) – OCCURS IN PA Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) – New York Pine shoot beetle (Hylurgops palliatus) – OCCURS IN PA Sirex wood wasp (Sirex noctilio) – OCCURS IN PA

Pennsylvania Non-Indigenous Aquatic Invertebrates

Coelenterates-Hydrozoans Olindiidae: Craspedacusta sowerbyii - freshwater jellyfish (exotic)

Crustaceans-Cladocerans Bosminidae: Eubosmina coregoni - water flea (exotic) Cercopagidae: Bythotrephes longimanus - spiny water flea (exotic) Cercopagidae: Cercopagis pengoi - fish-hook water flea (exotic)

Crustaceans-Crayfish Cambaridae: Orconectes immunis - calico crayfish (native transplant) Cambaridae: Orconectes rusticus - rusty crayfish (native transplant) Cambaridae: Orconectes virilis - virile crayfish (native transplant)

Ectoprocts Vesiculariidae: Lophopodella carteri - freshwater bryozoan (exotic)

Mollusks-Bivalves Corbiculidae: Corbicula fluminea - Asian clam (exotic) Dreissenidae: Dreissena bugensis - quagga mussel (exotic) Dreissenidae: Dreissena polymorpha - zebra mussel (exotic) Pisidiidae: Pisidium amnicum - greater European peaclam (exotic)

Mollusks-Gastropods Bithyniidae: Bithynia tentaculata - mud bithynia (exotic) Viviparidae: Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata - Chinese mysterysnail (exotic) Lymnaeidae: Radix auricularia - big-ear radix (exotic)

224 Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Version 1.1 Relevant Literature 13

Adler, P.H., and K.C. Kim. 1986. The Black Flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): Bionomics, Taxonomy, and Distribution. Bulletin 856, The Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station, University Park, Pennsylvania, 88 pp. Allen, Thomas J. 1997. The Butterflies of West Virginia and Their Caterpillars. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. xii + 388 pp., 50 color plates. Anderson, J.R., E.E. Hardy, J.T. Roach, and R.E. Witmer. 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data. United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964 (A revision of the land use classification system as presented in U.S. Geological Survey Circular 671). United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Beatty, G.H., and A.F. Beatty. 1971a. The Odonata of Pennsylvania: List and cross-references to literature containing data on occurrence in the state. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 45:111- 120. Beatty, G.H., and A.F. Beatty. 1971b The distribution of Pennsylvania Odonata. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 45:147-167. Bier, C.W. 1994. A survey of the mussels (Unionidae) in portions of the French Creek Basin of northwestern Pennsylvania. Western Pennsylvania Conservancy Report to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 97 pp. Bier, C.W., and J.E. Rawlins. 1994. A Survey of the Dragonflies and Damselflies of the Clarion River and its Tributaries near the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania. Final Report to Allegheny National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 80 pp. Bier, C.W., J.E. Rawlins, R.L. Davidson, and D.P. Koenig. 1997. A Survey of Odonata (Insecta) and Unionidae (Mollusca) Associated with Streams in the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania. Report to Allegheny National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 133 pp. Boettner, G.H., J.S. Elkinton, and C.J. Boettner. 2000. Effects of a biological control Introduction on three nontarget native species of saturniid moths. Conservation Biology 14:1798-1806. Bogan, A.E. 1993. Freshwater Bivalves (Mollusca: Unionidae) of the Monongahela River Basin and Direct Tributaries to the Ohio River in Pennsylvania. Report to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 38 pp. Burgio, G., F. Santi, and S. Maini. 2002. On intra-guild predation and cannibalism in Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Adalia bipunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Biological Control, 24(2):110-116. Campbell, J.M. 1893. The cladoceran species of inshore habitats of Lake Erie at Presque Isle. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 67(3):115-119. DeWalt, R.E., C. Favret, and D.W. Webb. 2005. Just how imperiled are aquatic insects? A case study of stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Illinois. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 98(6):941-950. Dunn, Gary A. 2004 (update of 1996 version). Vanishing Insects. A List of Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, and Rare Insects of the United States. Young Entomologists' Society, Inc., Special Publication No. 11. Earle, J I. 1994. New records of stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Pennsylvania. Entomological News, 105(2):80-84. Earle. J.I. 2004. New records and clarifications of the Pennsylvania stonefly (Plecoptera) fauna, with an annotated list of the stoneflies of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Entomological News, 115(4):191-200. Felbaum, F., B. Mitchell, K. McKenna, J. Hassinger, A. Shiels, J. Hart, and D. Brauning. 1995. Endangered and Threatened Species of Pennsylvania. Wild Resource Conservation Fund, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 80 pp. Forbes, W.T.M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States. Part III. Noctuidae. Memoir 329, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, New York. 433 pp. French, J.R.P., III. 1990. The exotic zebra mussel - a new threat to endangered freshwater mussels. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin, 15(11):3-4. French, T.W., and D.M. Pence. 1996. Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Animal Species in the Northeastern States: A List of Species Recognized by State and Federal Laws. Compilation by Northeast Nongame Technical Committee, Northeast Wildlife Administrators Association and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 29 pp.

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Grubbs, S.A. 1996. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Powdermill Nature Reserve, southwestern Pennsylvania. Entomological News, 107:255-260. Hubricht, L. 1985. The distributions of the native land mollusks of the eastern United States. Fieldiana (Zoology), New Series, 24:i-viii, 1-191. Iftner, David C., John A. Shuey and John V. Calhoun. 1992. Butterflies and Skippers of Ohio. Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey (New Series), 9(1):1-212. James, S.W. 1995. Systematics, biogeography, and ecology of Neartic [sic] earthworms from eastern, central, southern, and southwestern United States. Pp. 29-51in Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America (P.F. Hendrix, ed.). CRC Press, Inc., London. 244 pp. Kim, K.C. 1993. Biodiversity, conservation and inventory: why insects matter. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2:191-214. Kim, K.C., H.D. Pratt, and C.J. Stojanovich. 1986. The Sucking Lice of North America: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. Masteller, E.C. 1993. Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) of Presque Isle State Park and Lake Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 67(3):137-138. Masteller, E.C. 1997. Plecoptera Biodiversity of Pennsylvania. Report to Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Fund. Second Edition. Volumes 1 and 2 [Vol. 1:1-17, 3 tables, maps; Vol. 2, data compilation]. The Pennsylvania State University at Erie, The Behrend College. Masteller, E.C., and O.S. Flint. 1992a. Trichoptera Biodiversity of Pennsylvania. Report to Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Fund. Second Edition. Volumes 1 and 2 [unpaginated]. The Pennsylvania State University at Erie, The Behrend College. Masteller, E.C., and O.S. Flint. 1992b. The Trichoptera (caddisflies) of Pennsylvania: an annotated checklist. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 66(2):68-78. Masteller, E.C., G. Kedzierski, and S. Spichiger. 1993. Terrestrial arthropods of Presque Isle State Park, Pennsylvania, including Pseudoscorpiones, Opiliones, Isopoda, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, and selected insects. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 67(3):127-131. Opler, P.A. (ed.). 1985. Invertebrates. Pp. 81-165 in H.H. Genoways and F.J. Brenner (eds.). Species of Special Concern in Pennsylvania. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 11, vi + 430 pp. Ortmann, A. E. 1909. The destruction of the freshwater fauna in western Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 48(191):90-110. Ortmann, A. E. 1919. Monograph of the naiades of Pennsylvania. Part 3. Systematic account of the genera and species. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 8(1):xiv + 384 pp. Pogue, M.G., and J.B. Sullivan. 2003. Re-evaluation of the Elaphria festivoides species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105(2):331-347. Prescott, J.M. 1984. The butterflies of Presque Isle State Park, Erie County, Pennsylvania. Melsheimer Entomological Series, 34:19-23. Rawlins, J.E., and C.W. Bier. 1998. Invertebrates: Review of Status in Pennsylvania. Pp. 85-120 in Hassinger, J.D., R.J. Hill, G.L. Storm, and R.H. Yahner (eds.), Inventory and Monitoring of Biotic Resources in Pennsylvania. Current Ecological and Landscape Topics, Volume 1. Pennsylvania Biological Survey, c/o Center for Biodiversity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. xiv + 220 pp. Rawlins, J.E., C.W. Bier, S.A. Thompson, R.L. Davidson, C.W. Young, and R.A. Androw. 1998. Study of Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera, Sarcophagid Flies, and Carabid Beetles in Oak Habitats Historically Exposed to Pesticide Applications Targeted on the Gypsy Moth on the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania. Final Report to United States Forest Service, Allegheny National Forest, 357 pp. Rawlins, J.E., C.W. Bier, S.A. Thompson, R.A. Androw, R.L. Davidson, and C.W. Young. 1999. Study of Non-Target Insects in Wetlands Associated with Outbreaks of the Forest Tent Caterpillar on the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania. Final Report to United States Forest Service, Allegheny National Forest, Warren, Pennsylvania, 347 pp. Rawlins, J.E., C.W. Bier, C.W. Young, R.L. Davidson, S.A. Thompson, and R.A. Androw. 1997. Study of Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera in Forest Ecosystems Associated with Population Outbreaks of the Elm

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Spanworm on the Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania. Final Report to United States Forest Service, Allegheny National Forest, 414 pp. Reynolds, J.W. 1995. Status of exotic earthworm systematics and biogeography in North America. Pp. 1-27 in Earthworm Ecology and Biogeography in North America (P.F. Hendrix, ed.). CRC Press, Inc., London. 244 pp. Rings, R.W., E.H. Metzler, F.J. Arnold, and D.H. Harris. 1992. The Owlet Moths of Ohio. Order Lepidoptera, Family Noctuidae. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin, New Series, 9(2):vi + 219, 16 pl. Saluke, S.V., and M.G. Pogue. 2000. Resolution of the Elaphria festivoides (Guenée) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102(2): 233-270. Schwartz, M.K., G. Luikart, and R.S. Waples. 2007. Genetic monitoring as a promising tool for conservation and management. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 22(1):25-33. Shelly, Todd E. 1979. A list of known robber flies of Pennsylvania (Diptera: Asilidae). Entomological News, 90:95-99. Shepherd, M. D., D. M. Vaughan, and S. H. Black (Eds). Red List of Pollinator Insects of North America. CD-ROM Version 1 (May 2005). Portland, OR: The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. Shiffer, C.N. 1985. Species accounts on Odonata. Chapter 2. Invertebrates. Opler, P.A. (ed.). Pp. 79-165 in Genoways, H.H, and F.J. Brenner (eds.). Species of Special Concern in Pennsylvania. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 11, vi + 430 pp. Surdick, R.F., and K.C. Kim. 1976. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Pennsylvania: a synopsis. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture, Agriculture Experiment Station, Bulletin, 808:1-73. Sykora, J.L., and S.C. Harris. 1994. Five new species of Hydroptila from eastern United States (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 63:67-75. Sykora, J.L., and J.S. Weaver, III. 1976. A new species of Rhyacophila (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) from western Pennsylvania. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 46:29-32. Sykora, J.L., and J.S. Weaver, III. 1978. Three new species of Trichoptera from western Pennsylvania. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 47:1-12. Thorne, S.G., K.C. Kim, and K.C. Steiner, and B.J. McGuinness. 1995. A Heritage for the 21st Century: Conserving Pennsylvania's Native Biological Diversity. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 60 pp. Tietz, H.M. [1952]. The Lepidoptera of Pennsylvania. A Manual. The Pennsylvania State College, School of Agriculture, State College, Pennsylvania. xii + 194 pp. Ventouras, G. 1999. Nuclei alternatives — the future for pearl cultivation. SPC Pearl Oyster Information Bulletin, 13:24-25 (Published abstract). Wheeler, A.G. 1991. Plant bugs of Quercus ilicifolia: myriads of mirids (Heteroptera) in pitch pine-scrub oak barrens. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 99:405-440. Williams, B.L., J.D. Brawn, and K.N. Paige. 2003. Landscape scale genetic effects of habitat fragmentation on a high gene flow species: Speyeria idalia (Nymphalidae). Molecular Ecology, 12:11–20. Yahner, R.H. 1996. Biodiversity Conservation of Butterflies and Skippers in Agricultural Landscapes of Pennsylvania. Final Report, Wild Resource Conservation Fund, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 70 pp. Yahner, R.H. 1998. Butterfly and skipper use of nectar sources in forested and agricultural landscapes of Pennsylvania. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 3:104-108. Young, C.W., and J. Gelhaus. 2000. Crane flies of Pennsylvania: Preliminary checklist and database development with emphasis on aquatic species. Final Report to Pennsylvania Wild Resource Conservation Fund, Harrisburg, PA. Zaspel, J.M., and S.J. Weller. 2006. Review of generic limits of the tiger moth genera Virbia Walker and Holomelina Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: ) and their biogeography. Zootaxa 1159:1–68.

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