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PCSA Oct 2001
Understanding CPU Upgrades In theory, one way to t seems that every time a new software product is released the system require- ments are increased - everything from the hard drive capacity and CPU speed increase the performance of a Ito the required RAM. One of the apparently obvious ways to gain a speed PC with little effort is to increase is by upgrading the CPU. But such an upgrade isn’t always cost effective and in some cases simply increasing the available RAM can help considerably to upgrade the CPU. Surely it boost the apparent speed of the PC. Sometimes though the best (and maybe only) option is to upgrade the CPU, although this can be a more involved process than it can’t be that difficult? might at first seem due to socket/motherboard incompatibilities, differing CPU and Actually there’s lots to think RAM speed requirements, cooling problems and inevitably assorted knock-on effects causing the upgrade to be anything but cost effective. Also, it is worth about. remembering that just because the replacement CPU has, for example, double the clock rate of the old unit doesn’t necessarily mean that the new one will increase the By Phil Morris processing performance of the PC in question by anything like 100%. Technical Writer This article looks at some of the options for upgrading the CPUs in existing systems. It is extremely unlikely that recent processors like AMD’s Duron (and forthcoming Hammer) and Intel’s Pentium 4 and Itanium will require upgrading for some time, so I will omit those in the context of this article. -
VX97 User's Manual ASUS CONTACT INFORMATION Asustek COMPUTER INC
R VX97 Pentium Motherboard USER'S MANUAL USER'S NOTICE No part of this manual, including the products and softwares described in it, may be repro- duced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except documentation kept by the purchaser for backup pur- poses, without the express written permission of ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (“ASUS”). ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR- TICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDEN- TAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSI- NESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF ASUS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR ERROR IN THIS MANUAL OR PRODUCT. Products and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trade- marks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are used only for identification or explanation and to the owners’ benefit, without intent to infringe. • Intel, LANDesk, and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. • IBM and OS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines. • Symbios is a registered trademark of Symbios Logic Corporation. • Windows and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. • Sound Blaster AWE32 and SB16 are trademarks of Creative Technology Ltd. • Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. -
Pentium® Processor Family Developer's Manual
D Pentium® Processor Family Developer’s Manual Volume 1: Pentium® Processors NOTE: The Pentium® Processor Family Developer’s Manual consists of three books: Pentium® Processors, Order Number 241428; the 82496/82497/82498 Cache Controller and 82491/82492/82493 Cache SRAM, Order Number 241429; and the Architecture and Programming Manual, Order Number 241430. Please refer to all three volumes when evaluating your design needs. 1995 PATENT NOTICE Through its investment in computer technology, Intel Corporation (Intel) has acquired numerous proprietary rights, including patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Intel has patents covering the use or implementation of processors in combination with other products, e.g., certain computer systems. System and method patents or pending patents, of Intel and others, may apply to these systems. A separate license may be required for their use (see Intel Terms and Conditions for details). Specific Intel patents include U.S. patent 4,972,338. Information in this document is provided solely to enable use of Intel products. Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, including infringement of any patent or copyright, for sale and use of Intel products except as provided in Intel’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products. Intel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document nor does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein. Intel retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time, without notice. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications before placing your product order. -
AX34-U Hardware
Overview AX34-U Online Manual Installation AX34-U Hardware Drivers & Utilities BIOS Setup AWARD AWARD Glossary DOC. NO.: AX34U-OL-E0108A Troubleshooting & Technical Support Technical 1 AX34-U Online Manual What’s in this manual AX34-U .............................................................................................................................................1 What’s in this manual ......................................................................................................................................................2 You Must Notice ..............................................................................................................................................................8 Before You Start ..............................................................................................................................................................9 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................10 Feature Highlight ...........................................................................................................................................................11 Quick Installation Procedure..........................................................................................................................................14 Motherboard Map ..........................................................................................................................................................15 -
5 Microprocessors
Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs / Mike Meyers / 380-8 / Chapter 5 5 Microprocessors “MEGAHERTZ: This is a really, really big hertz.” —DAVE BARRY In this chapter, you will learn or all practical purposes, the terms microprocessor and central processing how to Funit (CPU) mean the same thing: it’s that big chip inside your computer ■ Identify the core components of a that many people often describe as the brain of the system. You know that CPU CPU makers name their microprocessors in a fashion similar to the automobile ■ Describe the relationship of CPUs and memory industry: CPU names get a make and a model, such as Intel Core i7 or AMD ■ Explain the varieties of modern Phenom II X4. But what’s happening inside the CPU to make it able to do the CPUs amazing things asked of it every time you step up to the keyboard? ■ Install and upgrade CPUs 124 P:\010Comp\BaseTech\380-8\ch05.vp Friday, December 18, 2009 4:59:24 PM Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen BaseTech / Mike Meyers’ CompTIA A+ Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting PCs / Mike Meyers / 380-8 / Chapter 5 Historical/Conceptual ■ CPU Core Components Although the computer might seem to act quite intelligently, comparing the CPU to a human brain hugely overstates its capabilities. A CPU functions more like a very powerful calculator than like a brain—but, oh, what a cal- culator! Today’s CPUs add, subtract, multiply, divide, and move billions of numbers per second. -
Evolution of the Pentium
Chapter 7B – The Evolution of the Intel Pentium This chapter attempts to trace the evolution of the modern Intel Pentium from the earliest CPU chip, the Intel 4004. The real evolution begins with the Intel 8080, which is an 8–bit design having features that permeate the entire line. Our discussion focuses on three organizations. IA–16 The 16–bit architecture found in the Intel 8086 and Intel 80286. IA–32 The 32–bit architecture found in the Intel 80386, Intel 80486, and most variants of the Pentium design. IA–64 The 64–bit architecture found in some high–end later model Pentiums. The IA–32 has evolved from an early 4–bit design (the Intel 4004) that was first announced in November 1971. At that time, memory came in chips no larger than 64 kilobits (8 KB) and cost about $1,600 per megabyte. Before moving on with the timeline, it is worth recalling the early history of Intel. Here, we quote extensively from Tanenbaum [R002]. “In 1968, Robert Noyce, inventor of the silicon integrated circuit, Gordon Moore, of Moore’s law fame, and Arthur Rock, a San Francisco venture capitalist, formed the Intel Corporation to make memory chips. In the first year of operation, Intel sold only $3,000 worth of chips, but business has picked up since then.” “In September 1969, a Japanese company, Busicom, approached Intel with a request for it to manufacture twelve custom chips for a proposed electronic calculator. The Intel engineer assigned to this project, Ted Hoff, looked at the plan and realized that he could put a 4–bit general–purpose CPU on a single chip that would do the same thing and be simpler and cheaper as well. -
Technical Reference Guide HP Compaq Dc7800 Series Business Desktop Computers
Technical Reference Guide HP Compaq dc7800 Series Business Desktop Computers Document Part Number: 461444-001 October 2007 This document provides information on the design, architecture, function, and capabilities of the HP Compaq dc7800 Series Business Desktop Computers. This information may be used by engineers, technicians, administrators, or anyone needing detailed information on the products covered. © Copyright 2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Microsoft, MS-DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. Intel, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad, Pentium Dual-Core, Intel Inside, and Celeron are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. Adobe, Acrobat, and Acrobat Reader are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company. Technical Reference Guide HP Compaq dc7800 Series Business Desktop Computers First Edition (October 2007) Document Part Number: 461444-001 Contents 1Introduction 1.1 About this Guide . 1–1 1.1.1 Online Viewing . 1–1 1.1.2 Hardcopy . 1–1 1.2 Additional Information Sources . 1–1 1.3 Model Numbering Convention . -
Lista Sockets.Xlsx
Data de Processadores Socket Número de pinos lançamento compatíveis Socket 0 168 1989 486 DX 486 DX 486 DX2 Socket 1 169 ND 486 SX 486 SX2 486 DX 486 DX2 486 SX Socket 2 238 ND 486 SX2 Pentium Overdrive 486 DX 486 DX2 486 DX4 486 SX Socket 3 237 ND 486 SX2 Pentium Overdrive 5x86 Socket 4 273 março de 1993 Pentium-60 e Pentium-66 Pentium-75 até o Pentium- Socket 5 320 março de 1994 120 486 DX 486 DX2 486 DX4 Socket 6 235 nunca lançado 486 SX 486 SX2 Pentium Overdrive 5x86 Socket 463 463 1994 Nx586 Pentium-75 até o Pentium- 200 Pentium MMX K5 Socket 7 321 junho de 1995 K6 6x86 6x86MX MII Slot 1 Pentium II SC242 Pentium III (Cartucho) 242 maio de 1997 Celeron SEPP (Cartucho) K6-2 Socket Super 7 321 maio de 1998 K6-III Celeron (Socket 370) Pentium III FC-PGA Socket 370 370 agosto de 1998 Cyrix III C3 Slot A 242 junho de 1999 Athlon (Cartucho) Socket 462 Athlon (Socket 462) Socket A Athlon XP 453 junho de 2000 Athlon MP Duron Sempron (Socket 462) Socket 423 423 novembro de 2000 Pentium 4 (Socket 423) PGA423 Socket 478 Pentium 4 (Socket 478) mPGA478B Celeron (Socket 478) 478 agosto de 2001 Celeron D (Socket 478) Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (Socket 478) Athlon 64 (Socket 754) Socket 754 754 setembro de 2003 Sempron (Socket 754) Socket 940 940 setembro de 2003 Athlon 64 FX (Socket 940) Athlon 64 (Socket 939) Athlon 64 FX (Socket 939) Socket 939 939 junho de 2004 Athlon 64 X2 (Socket 939) Sempron (Socket 939) LGA775 Pentium 4 (LGA775) Pentium 4 Extreme Edition Socket T (LGA775) Pentium D Pentium Extreme Edition Celeron D (LGA 775) 775 agosto de -
Computer Hardware and Servicing
GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION CHENNAI – 600 025 STATE PROJECT COORDINATION UNIT Diploma in Computer Engineering Course Code: 1052 M – Scheme e-TEXTBOOK on Computer Hardware and Servicing for VI Semester Diploma in Computer Engineering Convener for Computer Engineering Discipline: Tmt.A.Ghousia Jabeen Principal TPEVR Government Polytechnic College Vellore- 632202 Team Members for Computer Hardware and Servicing: Mr. M. Suresh Babu HOD / Computer Engineering, N.P.A. Centenary Polytechnic College, Kotagiri – 643217 Mr. H.Ganesh Lecturer (SG) / Computer Engineering, N.P.A. Centenary Polytechnic College, Kotagiri – 643217 Dr. S.Sharmila HOD / IT P.S.G. Polytechnic College, Coimbatore – 641001. Validated by Dr. S. Brindha HOD/Computer Networks, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore – 641001. CONTENTS Unit No. Name of the Unit Page No. 1 MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS 1 2 MEMORY AND I/O DEVICES 33 3 DISPLAY, POWER SUPPLY AND BIOS 91 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLE SHOOTING OF 114 DESKTOP & LAPTOP COMPUTERS 5 MOBILE PHONE SERVICING 178 Unit-1 Motherboard Components UNIT -1 MOTHERBOARD COMPONENTS Learning Objectives: Learner should be able to ➢ Acquire the skills of motherboard and its components ➢ Explain the basic concepts of processor. ➢ Differentiate the types of processor technology ➢ Describe the concepts of chipsets ➢ Differentiate the features of PCI,AGP, USB and processor bus Introduction: To troubleshoot the PC effectively, a student must be familiar about the components and its features. This chapter focuses the motherboard and its components. Motherboard is an important component of the PC. The architecture and the construction of the motherboard are described. This chapter deals the various types of processors and its features. -
Xeon Replaces Pentium Pro: 7/13/98
1997 COMPUTER PRESS ASSOCIATION WINNER ♦ BEST COMPUTER NEWSLETTER VOLUME 12, NUMBER 9 JULY 13,1998 MICROPROCESSOR REPORT THE INSIDERS’ GUIDE TO MICROPROCESSOR HARDWARE Xeon Replaces Pentium Pro Intel Targets Servers and Workstations by Keith Diefendorff sure applied on the low end by AMD, Cyrix, and IDT. The problem for Intel is that it needs a high ASP to fuel the semi- Intel has plugged the gaping hole at the top end of its conductor R&D and fab improvements that keep it ahead of product line—previously served by the aging Pentium Pro— its competitors. with a Deschutes-based processor module the company Having so far failed to stimulate demand for higher labels Pentium II Xeon. As Figure 1 shows, the new processor performance (and higher priced) processors in PCs, Intel family will serve the midrange to high-end server and work- will try to take a larger share of the higher-margin worksta- station markets until the 64-bit Merced processor enters ser- tion and server markets. While these markets are each about vice in 2000. only 1% of the size of the PC market in unit volume, they can Pentium Pro was previously the only processor in easily bear 10 times the processor price. This fact makes these Intel’s lineup capable of addressing this high-end segment, markets immensely profitable and gives Intel an opportunity because it’s the only processor that supports four-way multi- to increase revenue and ASP. processing (MP), memories larger than four gigabytes, and Beyond the desire to prop up revenue and ASP, Intel fast ECC L2 caches larger than 512K—all minimum require- realizes that strategically it needs to own the markets on both ments of the high-end market. -
Socket E Slot Per
Socket e Slot per CPU Socket e Slot per CPU Socket 1 Socket 2 Socket 3 Socket 4 Socket 5 Socket 6 Socket 7 e Super Socket 7 Socket 8 Slot 1 (SC242) Slot 2 (SC330) Socket 370 (PGA-370) Slot A Socket A (Socket 462) Socket 423 Socket 478 Socket 479 Socket 775 (LGA775) Socket 603 Socket 604 PAC418 PAC611 Socket 754 Socket 939 Socket 940 Socket AM2 (Socket M2) Socket 771 (LGA771) Socket F (Socket 1207) Socket S1 A partire dai processori 486, Intel progettò e introdusse i socket per CPU che, oltre a poter ospitare diversi modelli di processori, ne consentiva anche una rapida e facile sostituzione/aggiornamento. Il nuovo socket viene definito ZIF (Zero Insertion Force ) in quanto l'inserimento della CPU non richiede alcuna forza contrariamente ai socket LIF ( Low Insertion Force ) i quali, oltre a richiedere una piccola pressione per l'inserimento del chip, richiedono anche appositi tool per la sua rimozione. Il modello di socket ZIF installato sulla motherboard è, in genere, indicato sul socket stesso. Tipi diversi di socket accettano famiglie diverse di processori. Se si conosce il tipo di zoccolo montato sulla scheda madre è possibile sapere, grosso modo, che tipo di processori può ospitare. Il condizionale è d'obbligo in quanto per sapere con precisione che tipi di processore può montare una scheda madre non basta sapere solo il socket ma bisogna tenere conto anche di altri fattori come le tensioni, il FSB, le CPU supportate dal BIOS ecc. Nel caso ci si stia apprestando ad aggiornare la CPU è meglio, dunque, attenersi alle informazioni sulla compatibilità fornite dal produttore della scheda madre. -
Intel® Server Board S2600 Family BIOS Setup User Guide
Intel® Server Board S2600 Family BIOS Setup User Guide For the Intel® Server Board S2600 family supporting the Intel® Xeon processor Scalable family and 2nd Generation Intel® Xeon processor Scalable family. Rev 1.1 November 2019 Intel® Server Products and Solutions Intel® Server Board BIOS Setup Specification Document Revision History Date Revision Changes October 2017 1.0 First release based on Intel® Server Board S2600 Family BIOS Setup Utility Specification. November 2019 1.1 Update based on Intel Xeon Processor Scalable Family Refresh BIOS Setup Specification 1_13 2 Intel® Server Board BIOS Setup Specification Disclaimers Intel technologies’ features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software, or service activation. Learn more at Intel.com, or from the OEM or retailer. You may not use or facilitate the use of this document in connection with any infringement or other legal analysis concerning Intel products described herein. You agree to grant Intel a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to any patent claim thereafter drafted which includes subject matter disclosed herein. No license (express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise) to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. The products described may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Intel disclaims all express and implied warranties, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement, as well as any warranty arising from course of performance, course of dealing, or usage in trade.