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(Teleostei- Gobiescidae) from Sao Tome and Principe, Eastern Atlantic

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(Teleostei- Gobiescidae) from Sao Tome and Principe, Eastern Atlantic Arquipelago - Life and Marine Sciences ISSN: 0873-4704 Lecanogaster gorgoniphila, a new species of clingfish (Tele- ostei: Gobiesocidae) from São Tomé and Principe, eastern Atlantic Ocean RONALD FRICKE & PETER WIRTZ Fricke, R. & P. Wirtz 2017. Lecanogaster gorgoniphila, a new species of clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from São Tomé and Principe, eastern Atlantic Ocean. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 35: 1-10. The clingfish Lecanogaster gorgoniphila new species, an unusual species associated with gorgonians, is described on the basis of 7 specimens and colour photographs from São To- mé Island, São Tomé and Principe, eastern Atlantic Ocean. The species is small, probably not exceeding 28 mm total length; it is characterized by having 4-5 dorsal-fin rays, 3-4 anal-fin rays, 21-23 pectoral-fin rays, and 11-14 principal caudal-fin rays; 12-14 rakers on third gill arch, very small, partially fused; papillae in centre of pelvic disk forming a round patch; pelvic disc region B with 5-6 rows of papillae; head relatively short, its length 2.4- 3.4 in SL, and relatively narrow, its width 4.5-7.4 in SL; colouration of head and body vari- able in life, usually dorsally reddish white, ventrally rose, with eight bright red bars with scattered white spots. The new species is compared with other species of the eastern Atlan- tic genera Lecanogaster and Diplecogaster; a key to the species of the genus Lecanogaster Briggs, 1957 is presented. Key words: clingfishes, São Tomé Island, distribution, identification key, gorgonians Ronald Fricke (e-mail: [email protected]), Im Ramstal 76, 97922 Lauda-Königshofen, Germany. PeterWirtz (e.mail: [email protected]), Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, P-8005-139 Faro, Portugal. Zoo-Bank registration: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:97E49008-039E-4500-B8FF- CFAF1A3FAA65. INTRODUCTION chisminae from the southeastern Atlantic [Chorisochismus dentex (Pallas 1769) from South The clingfishes of the family Gobiesocidae are Africa]. Briggs (1957) described 2 additional spe- distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate cies of clingfishes from West Africa, Smith seas, some also living in freshwater streams of the (1964) described Apletodon knysnaensis from tropics. They occur on hard substrata, usually on South Africa, which was later found to be a junior rocky bottom or in coral reefs, mostly in shallow synonym of Apletodon pellegrini. Blache et al. waters. Clingfishes are characterized by pos- (1970) distinguished 2 species of clingfishes from sessing an adhesive disc formed by the pelvic tropical West Africa. Briggs (1986) found that fins, the head depressed, the skin naked, one dor- Lepadogaster microcephalus Brook, 1890 is a sal and anal fin each, and several specialized os- junior synonym of Apletodon dentatus (Facciolà teological characters. The family was revised by 1887); he distinguished 8 nominal species of Briggs (1955), who distinguished 9 species from clingfishes from the northeastern Atlantic and the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, all Mediterranean, some having several subspecies. belonging to the subfamily Lepadogastrinae. In Briggs (1990) recorded 8 species of clingfishes addition, there was a single species of Choriso- from the eastern tropical Atlantic. Hofrichter & 1 Fricke et al. Patzner (1997) described Apletodon incognitus MATERIALS AND METHODS from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea and the Azores. Vakily et al. (2002) listed 5 clingfish Specimens of the new species were collected by species from northwestern Africa. Henriques et wiping the surface of large gorgonians (Lepto- al. (2002) synonymized Lepadogaster zebrinus gorgia spp. and Muriceopsis spp.), at a depth with L. lepadogaster and recognised L. purpurea range of 17 to 34 m, with a hand-held aquarium as a valid species, based on their revisional study net. One specimen was obtained from a sea-whip of this species group. Lepadogaster candolii was Stichopathes occidentalis Brook, 1889 in 30 m recently reclassified as Mirbelia candolii by Al- depth. mada et al. (2008: 1155), as Mirbelia candollei). Methods follow Briggs (1955) and Hofrichter Fricke (2007) described Apletodon wirtzi from & Patzner (1997). The abbreviation 'SL' refers to Sao Tomé and Principe; A. barbatus was de- the standard length (measured from the tip of the scribed by Fricke et al. (2010) from the Cape snout to the middle of the caudal fin base), 'TL' to Verde Islands, and Diplecogaster tonstricula the total length (measured from the tip of the from the Canary Islands and Senegal by Fricke et snout to the end of the caudal fin). The adhesive al. (2015). In a recent review of the Gobiesocidae disc is divided into 3 different areas: region A is of the eastern Atlantic, a total of 13 species was the anterior portion, region B the posterior por- recognized to occur in the area (Fricke et al. tion, and region C the centre of the disc (as illus- 2016). Subsequently, Diplecogaster umutturali trated by Briggs, 1955). In the description, data of was described from Turkey by Bilecenoğlu et al. the holotype are given first, followed by data of (2017). the paratypes in parentheses. Fin rays are counted The clingfish genus Lecanogaster was first using the method of Fricke (1983), where spines described by Briggs (1957: 204) on the basis of L. are expressed as Roman numerals, unbranched chrysea Briggs, 1957 from Ghana as the type soft rays are expressed as lower case Roman nu- species by original designation; the genus was merals and branched rays as Arabic numerals. considered as monotypic. Besides some other Subspecies classification is no longer used, fol- characters, the genus is characterised by a low lowing the method of Fricke et al. (2007); valid number of dorsal- and anal-fin rays, absence of taxa of the species group formerly treated as sub- incisors or canines in the jaws, absence of a spine species are raised to species level. Specimens in subopercular region, a relatively high number cited in the present paper are deposited in the of gill rakers, disc relatively large, papillae pre- following collections: BMNH (The Natural His- sent on central anterior region of disc, a slightly tory Museum, London); CCML (Colección Ictio- developed fleshy pad on lower pectoral base, 28 logica, Departamento de Biología Animal, Cien- vertebrae, and a distinctive shape of bony disc cias Marinas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad supports. Briggs (1990) considered L. chrysea as de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain); MGAB (Muzeul restricted to Ghana; however, Olivar (1987) rec- de Istorie Naturală 'Grigore Antipa', Bucharest, orded larvae of L. chrysea from northern Namib- Romania); MNHN (Muséum National d'Histoire ia. Both Briggs's (1957) and Olivar's (1987) rec- Naturelle, Paris, France); MZUF (Università di ords were obtained near the estuaries of large Firenze, Museo Zoologico e Historia Naturale de rivers. Fricke et al. (2016) still treated the genus la Specola, Firenze, Italy); SMNS (Staatliches Lecanogaster as monotypic, with L. chrysea as Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany); the only species. ZMUC (Københavns Universitet, Zoologisk Mu- An unusual species of clingfish that was asso- seum, Vertebrater, Fiskesamlingen, Copenhagen, ciated with gorgonians was observed in February Denmark); ZSM (Zoologische Staatssammlung 2017 by the second author at São Tomé Island. It München, Germany). turned out to represent a second, undescribed species of Lecanogaster, which is described in the present paper. 2 Lecanogaster gorgoniphila, a new species of clingfish from São Tomé and Principe RESULTS TAXONOMY Lecanogaster gorgoniphila, n. sp. TYPES Holotype. ZSM 465550, 27.4 mm SL, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, São Tomé and Principe, São To- mé Island, Santana, 0°14'45''N 6°44'50''E, 30- Fig.1. Lecanogaster gorgoniphila new species, ZSM 34m depth, P. Wirtz, 6 Feb. 2017. 46550, holotype, 27.4 mm SL, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Paratypes. MNHN 2017-0003, 2 specimens, São Tomé and Principe, São Tomé Island. A Lateral 22.2-23.6 mm SL, same data as the holotype, 9 view; B dorsal view. Bar 4 mm. Feb. 2017. ZSM 46542, 1 specimen, 22.7 mm SL, same data as the holotype, 4 Feb. 2017. ZSM 46454, 3 specimens, 16.8-19.6 mm SL, same data as the holotype, 7 Feb. 2017. DIAGNOSIS A species of Lecanogaster with 4-5 dorsal-fin rays, 3-4 anal-fin rays, 21-23 pectoral-fin rays, and 11-14 principal caudal-fin rays; 12-14 rakers on third gill arch, very small, partially fused; pa- pillae in centre of pelvic disk forming a round patch; pelvic disc region B with 5-6 rows of pa- Fig. 2. Lecanogaster gorgoniphila new species, ZSM pillae; head relatively short, its length 2.4-3.4 in 46550, holotype, 27.4 mm SL, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, SL, and relatively narrow, its width 4.5-7.4 in SL; São Tomé and Principe, São Tomé Island. Disc, ventral colouration of head and body variable in life, view. Bar 1 mm. usually dorsally reddish white, ventrally rose, with eight bright red bars with scattered white spots. DESCRIPTION Dorsal-fin iv (iv-v); anal-fin iii (iii-iv); pectoral- fin xxii (xxi-xxiii); caudal-fin (vi),xiv,(vi) [(v),xi- xii,(v)]. Gill rakers on 3rd arch 14 (12-14), very small, partially fused. Vertebrae 13 + 15. Teeth small, conical, slightly recurved, in patches towards the front of each jaw, narrowing to a double line of teeth laterally. Head lateral line system with 3 pores in nasal Fig. 3. Lecanogaster gorgoniphila new species, ZSM canal, 2 pores in postorbital canal, 3 pores in lac- 46550, holotype, 27.4 mm SL, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, São Tomé and Principe, São Tomé Island. Head pores. rymal canal, and 3 pores in mandibular canal A dorsal view; B ventral view. Bar 4 mm. (Fig. 3). 3 Fricke et al. Maximum body depth 11.7 (10.3-19.4)% SL [8.6 (5.2-9.8) in SL].
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