DOCSLIB.ORG

Does Pollen Supply Limit Seed Set of Baptisia Bracteata?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Does Pollen Supply Limit Seed Set of Baptisia Bracteata? Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science received 2/7/13 (2013) Volume 106, pp. 5-8 accepted 8/3/13 Does Pollen Supply Limit Seed Set of Baptisia bracteata? Chris E. Petersen, Sally Jo Detloff, Sophie K. Shukin and Barbara A. Petersen College of DuPage, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 ABSTRACT Baptisia bracteata is a perennial legume native to tallgrass prairie that flowers early in the growth season and produces a relatively low seed set compared to a taller sympatric congener, B. alba. This study tested for evidence that B. bracteata is pollen limited. The study site was a reconstructed tallgrass prairie located in northeastern Illinois. Experimental treatments included a control, and two hand-pollination treatments, one where pollen transfer was limited to the same plant and the other where pollen was taken from other plants. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the effect of treatment on two indicators of pollination success of a plant, i.e., arcsine √xi transfor- mations of pods inflated/flower and seeds matured/flower. Log10(Flower count/plant +1) provided a covariate in both ANCOVAs, while likewise transformed counts of a seed predator, Apion rostrum, provided a second covariate to seeds matured/plant. Based on ANCOVA, pollination treatment did not affect the number of pods inflated/flower or seeds matured/flower. Flower count/plant showed a significant effect in both comparisons. A. rostrum, which synchronizes its life cycle to B. alba, did not affect seeds matured/flower of B. bracteata. Using Spearman Rank Correlation, flower count/plant was positively related to seeds matured/plant, indicating the importance of inflo- rescence size to seed set. Count of A. rostrum/plant was significantly correlated to pods inflated and seeds matured per plant. Factors not eliminated as affecting seed set of B. bracteata were resource limitations and pre-dispersal seed predation by A. rostrum. INTRODUCTION little overlap in blooming period. Unlike with larger inflorescences are typically Environmental factors linked to low the taller B. alba which can exceed 1m in presumed to have the resources be able seed set include pollen limitationpl, re- height, B. bracteata rarely exceeds 0.3m. to produce a larger seed set, although source scarcitiesrs, and pre-dispersal seed Each B. bracteata consists of subterranean this may not always be the case in light of predationsp (pl,spCariveau et al., 2004; rhizomes from which up to several dozen pre-dispersal seed predators (Ohashi and plCoupland et al., 2005; rsFulkerson et aerial shoots emerge to form a concentric Yahara, 2000). The major pre-dispersal al., 2012; pl,rsHaig and Westoby, 1988; cluster. Racemes bearing yellow flowers, seed predator in our study area located in pl, spHainsworth et al., 1984; spLanger and arch outward from the cluster. Flowers northeastern Illinois, is Apion rostrum Say Rohde, 2005). Pollen supplies may be in- last about 4 days, with 2 days spent in a (Coleoptera: Apionidae). Overwintering adequate due to shortages or unreliability staminate phase, followed by 2 days in a weevils oviposit into pods as they inflate. of pollinators particularly in extreme or pistilate phase (Haddock and Chaplin, The resulting larvae consume seeds as highly disturbed environments like those 1982). Self pollination can occur as polli- their only source of nutrition. The adult in alpine, upper latitude (Fulkerson et nators, primarily Bombus spp., move down stage is reached by August, with the new al., 2012), fragmented (Holzschuh et al., an indeterminate raceme. Pods inflate generation of weevils dispersing as pods 2012), or urban locations (Pellissier et from pollinated flowers. Each pod bears open. al., 2012). Environmental factors caus- an average of 18 to 19 ovules from which METHODS more than half can be expected to initiate ing low pollen supply may select for more The study took place during 2012 in the apparent optical traits, such as a larger seeds (Haddock and Chaplin, 1982; Pe- tersen and Wang, 2006). Pod maturation 7.1 ha, reconstructed Russell Kirt Tallgrass inflorescence, and more attractive floral Prairie located on the campus of College of scents. However, subsequent greater pol- is complete by August and seeds disperse as pods dehisce. DuPage, IL. The prairie plot, reconstruct- lination success may result in seeds that a ed beginning in 1984, is characterized plant cannot support to maturity due to The cause of low seed output byB. bracte- by the grasses big bluestem (Andropogon resource limits (Haig and Westoby, 1988) ata compared to B. alba is unknown, but gerardii Vitman), prairie dropseed (Spo- and the attraction of consumers (Adler has been hypothesized to be explained by robolus heterolepis Gray), and Indian grass and Theis, 2012; Ehrlen et al., 2012). pollen scarcity (Haddock and Chaplin, (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash), plus some Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex. Ell. (Cream 1982), limited resources, and avoidance 150 species of forbs to include B. bracteata. Wild Indigo = B. leucophaea) is native to of a seed predator (Haddock and Chaplin, The prairie plot was burned during March tallgrass prairie of the Midwest (Swink 1982; Petersen and Wang, 2006). The ob- of 2012 after a six-year period in which it and Wilhelm 1994). The perennial le- jective of our study was to determine if B. was not burned. bracteata is pollen limited by examining if gume produces a low seed set compared A concentric cluster of B. bracteata was to its sympatric congener, B. alba (L.) hand-pollination could increase pollina- tion success. assumed to be one individual based on in- Vent (White Wild Indigo = B. leucantha) spection of excavated B. bracteata not used (Haddock and Chaplin, 1982; Petersen Complicating factors considered in the in the experiment. Plants were selected and Wang, 2006). B. bracteata blooms experiment were size of inflorescence randomly as they flowered during May. during May, a month before B. alba, with and pre-dispersal seed predation. Plants Flowers of plants in the control treatment Does Pollen Supply Limit Seed Set of Baptisia bracteata? 6 Chris E. Petersen, Sally Jo Detloff, Sophie K. Shukin and Barbara A. Petersen were not manipulated, while those of the plant” interaction was not significant (P = seed yield. other treatments were hand-pollinated us- 0.649), respectively, satisfying homogene- RESULTS ing paint brushes. A “selfing” treatment ity of slopes. involved introducing pollen to a stigma Due to failure in meeting assumptions of Table 1 summarizes data from pollination where pollen came from racemes of the parametric testing with plant counts of treatments. Pollination treatment had no same cluster, while in a “crossing” treat- weevils and seeds, Spearman Rank Cor- effect on pods inflated/flower, and also ment, pollen was introduced from racemes relation was used to test for relationships seeds matured/flower, although in both of other clusters. These treatments did not between plant counts of flowers and seeds cases, flower count/plant did (Tables 2 and limit pollen from contrary sources, but did matured, A. rostrum and pods inflated, 3). With the absence of a treatment effect, permit examination of how supplemental and A. rostrum and seeds matured. The group data were pooled to illustrate the pollination from a source could change first contrast provided insight if a partic- relationship of flower count/plant to seeds pollination success. Hand pollination was ular size of inflorescence could have ad- matured/plant (Figure 1). Plants with a repeated a week apart as to include flowers vantage in seed set, and the last two how larger inflorescence showed a higher seed as they developed along indeterminate ra- components of reproductive yield may output (rs = 0.489; df = 51; P<0.05). A. ros- cemes. Due to the availability of individ- attract the weevil to B. bracteata plus the trum count/plant was positively related to ual B. bracteata, sample sizes were 18 for potential effect of weevil abundance on inflated pod count/plant (rs = 0.679; df = both a control and a selfing treatment, and 41; P<0.05) and seeds matured/plant (rs = 17 for a crossing treatment. Counts taken were flowers/plant, pods inflated/plant, pods matured/plant,Table 1. Summary (sample mean ± standard error) of select reproductive parameters and seeds matured/pod, and A. rostrum/pod. weevil infestation according to treatment. Sample size = 18 unless noted otherwise by sub- Counts of seeds matured/plant and A. ros- script. trum/plant were pro-rated from the total Treatment Variable Control Selfing Crossing number of ripe pods of a plant in the case Flower count/plant 105.1 ± 32.8 97.9 ± 25.1 61.9 ± 21.7 when some ripe pods were damaged and 17 contents could escape. Pollination success Pods inflated/plant 36.2 ± 12.4 47.1 ± 16.4 34.3 ± 19.417 was quantified by pods inflated/flower and Pods inflated/flower count 0.39 ± 0.086 0.38 ± 0.07 0.45 ± 0.0717 seeds matured/flower. Seeds matured/plant 44.9 ± 21.4 62.2 ± 30.0 65.2 ± 27.817 All statistical summarization was done Apion rostrum count/plant 15.3 ± 8.015 21.0 ± 10.913 17.8 ± 11.715 using Statistica (Statsoft, 2001). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed on pods inflated/flower (IP/F), with flow- Table 2. Results of ANCOVA showing the effects of pollination treatment (control, selfing, er count/plant entered as covariate, and crossing) and flower count/plant on pods inflated/flower. Symbol: F = flower count. also on seeds matured/flower (S/F), with counts of flowers/plant and A. rostrum/ Effect df MS F P plant as covariates. In the ANCOVA in- Log10(F/plant +1) 1 22.19 129.03 <0.001 volving weevils, plants were eliminated Pollination treatment 2 0.215 1.25 0.296 from analysis if all ripened pods had holes Error 50 0.172 from which weevils could have escaped 2 prior to sampling.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Genus Baptisia in Alabama
    Woods, M. and A.R. Diamond, Jr. 2014. The genus Baptisia in Alabama. Phytoneuron 2014-83: 1–11. Published 12 August 2014. ISSN 2153 733X THE GENUS BAPTISIA (FABACEAE) IN ALABAMA MICHAEL WOODS [email protected] ALVIN R. DIAMOND , JR. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Troy University Troy, Alabama 36082 ABSTRACT The primary objectives of this project were to determine which species of Baptisia (Fabaceae) occur in Alabama and to report the county distribution of each. Baptisia , known commonly as wild or false indigo, is recognized as consisting of seven species in Alabama. The most common species are Baptisia alba, B. bracteata, and B. megacarpa. The less common species are B. lanceolata and B. albescens . The least common species are B. australis and B. perfoliata. The dichotomous key and descriptions we present are modifications from earlier authors; however, all measurements are based on morphological features of the vegetative and reproductive structures of the more than 200 specimens studied during this project. Data for the county-level distribution maps were compiled entirely from herbarium vouchers. Baptisia , commonly known as wild or false indigo, consists of 18 species, 7 infraspecific taxa, and 6 hybrids confined to the eastern USA and Canada (NatureServe 2013). Of these, 15 species have been reported from the southeastern USA (Isely 1990) and eight species and one infraspecific taxon have been reported from Alabama (Kral et al. 2011). The genus Baptisia Vent. is a member of the legume family Fabaceae (Leguminosae), tribe Thermopsideae, which includes six genera and approximately 45 species scattered through the Mediterranean and eastern North America (Turner 1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Oberholzeria (Fabaceae Subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume Genus from Namibia Wessel Swanepoel1,2*, M. Marianne le Roux3¤, Martin F. Wojciechowski4, Abraham E. van Wyk2 1 Independent Researcher, Windhoek, Namibia, 2 H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, 4 School of Life Sciences, Arizona a11111 State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America ¤ Current address: South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Oberholzeria etendekaensis, a succulent biennial or short-lived perennial shrublet is de- Citation: Swanepoel W, le Roux MM, Wojciechowski scribed as a new species, and a new monotypic genus. Discovered in 2012, it is a rare spe- MF, van Wyk AE (2015) Oberholzeria (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), a New Monotypic Legume cies known only from a single locality in the Kaokoveld Centre of Plant Endemism, north- Genus from Namibia. PLoS ONE 10(3): e0122080. western Namibia. Phylogenetic analyses of molecular sequence data from the plastid matK doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122080 gene resolves Oberholzeria as the sister group to the Genisteae clade while data from the Academic Editor: Maharaj K Pandit, University of nuclear rDNA ITS region showed that it is sister to a clade comprising both the Crotalarieae Delhi, INDIA and Genisteae clades. Morphological characters diagnostic of the new genus include: 1) Received: October 3, 2014 succulent stems with woody remains; 2) pinnately trifoliolate, fleshy leaves; 3) monadel- Accepted: February 2, 2015 phous stamens in a sheath that is fused above; 4) dimorphic anthers with five long, basifixed anthers alternating with five short, dorsifixed anthers, and 5) pendent, membranous, one- Published: March 27, 2015 seeded, laterally flattened, slightly inflated but indehiscent fruits.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Seed Predators on the Herb Baptisia Lanceolata (Fabales: Fabaceae)
    398 Florida Entomologist 87(3) September 2004 IMPACT OF SEED PREDATORS ON THE HERB BAPTISIA LANCEOLATA (FABALES: FABACEAE) Scorn HORN AND JAMES L. HANULA USDA Forest Service, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602 The reproductive success of plants is a complex South Carolina were commonly infested byA. ros- interaction among beneficial organisms such as trum. Therefore, the objectives of this study were pollinators, and destructive ones such as defolia- to determine the extent ofA. rostrum seed preda- tors or seed predators that eat plant tissue. Many tion on B. lanceolata and the efficacy of an insec- insects that consume reproductive tissue destroy ticide to limit damage to B. lanceolata seed much of a plant’s reproductive output (Breedlove & production. Insecticides could provide managers Ehrlich 1968; Janzen 1971; Evans et al. 1989). In with an additional tool to use in efforts to increase particular, the predation of seeds serves as a major local populations. selective force affecting plant abundance, distribu- The study was conducted during the spring tion, and evolution (Harper et al. 1970; Moore and summer of 2003 at the Savannah River Site 1978; Duggan 1985). Seed predation (destruction (SRS) near Aiken, South Carolina. The SRS is prior to dispersal) often accounts for a large por- owned and operated by the Department of Energy tion of a plant population’s mortality (Janzen 1969; (DOE), and the land is managed as a National Louda 1978; Norambuena & Piper 2000). Environmental Research Park. Baptisia lan- Lance-leaf wild indigo, Baptisia lanceolata ceolata is only found at a few scattered localities (Walter) Elliott (Fabaceae), is a member of a large in the southwestern corner of the SRS where it is group of plants containing several alkaloids mainly associated with pine forests (Knox & (Cranmer & Turner 1967) that deter some herbi- Sharitz 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Species List For: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species
    Species List for: Valley View Glades NA 418 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location NA List NA Nomination and subsequent visits Jefferson County Glade Complex NA List from Gass, Wallace, Priddy, Chmielniak, T. Smith, Ladd & Glore, Bogler, MPF Hikes 9/24/80, 10/2/80, 7/10/85, 8/8/86, 6/2/87, 1986, and 5/92 WGNSS Lists Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Jefferson County Glade Complex Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Aesculus glabra var. undetermined Ohio buckeye Sapindaceae 5 -1 Agalinis skinneriana (Gerardia) midwestern gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Allium canadense var. mobilense wild garlic Liliaceae 7 5 Allium canadense var. undetermined wild garlic Liliaceae 2 3 Allium cernuum wild onion Liliaceae 8 5 Allium stellatum wild onion Liliaceae 6 5 * Allium vineale field garlic Liliaceae 0 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia bidentata lanceleaf ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 4 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Amorpha canescens lead plant Fabaceae/Faboideae 8 5 Amphicarpaea bracteata hog peanut Fabaceae/Faboideae 4 0 Andropogon gerardii var.
    [Show full text]
  • Aullwood's Prairie Plants
    Aullwood's Prairie Plants Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow: Gleason, H.A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second ed. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, N.Y. 910 pp. Based on a list compiled by Jeff Knoop, 1981; revised November 1997. 29 Families, 104 Species (98 Native Species, 6 Non-Native Species) Angiosperms Dicotyledons Ranunculaceae - Buttercup Family Anemone canadensis - Canada Anemone Anemone virginiana - Thimble Flower Fagaceae - Oak Family Quercus macrocarpa - Bur Oak Caryophyllaceae - Pink Family Silene noctiflora - Night Flowering Catchfly* Dianthus armeria - Deptford Pink* Lychnis alba - White Campion* (not in Gleason and Cronquist) Clusiaceae - St. John's Wort Family Hypericum perforatum - Common St. John's Wort* Hypericum punctatum - Spotted St. John's Wort Primulaceae - Ebony Family Dodecatheon media - Shooting Star Mimosacea Mimosa Family Desmanthus illinoensis - Prairie Mimosa Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia Family Chaemaecrista fasiculata - Partridge Pea Fabaceae - Pea Family Baptisia bracteata - Creamy False Indigo Baptisia tinctoria - False Wild Indigo+ Baptisia leucantha (alba?) - White False Indigo Lupinus perennis - Wild Lupine Desmodium illinoense - Illinois Tick Trefoil Desmodium canescens - Hoary Tick Trefoil Lespedeza virginica - Slender-leaved Bush Clover Lespedeza capitata - Round-headed Bush Clover Amorpha canescens - Lead Plant Dacea purpureum - Purple Prairie Clover Dacea candidum - White Prairie Clover Amphicarpa bracteata
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Four: Landscaping with Native Plants a Gardener’S Guide for Missouri Landscaping with Native Plants a Gardener’S Guide for Missouri
    Chapter Four: Landscaping with Native Plants A Gardener’s Guide for Missouri Landscaping with Native Plants A Gardener’s Guide for Missouri Introduction Gardening with native plants is becoming the norm rather than the exception in Missouri. The benefits of native landscaping are fueling a gardening movement that says “no” to pesticides and fertilizers and “yes” to biodiversity and creating more sustainable landscapes. Novice and professional gardeners are turning to native landscaping to reduce mainte- nance and promote plant and wildlife conservation. This manual will show you how to use native plants to cre- ate and maintain diverse and beauti- ful spaces. It describes new ways to garden lightly on the earth. Chapter Four: Landscaping with Native Plants provides tools garden- ers need to create and maintain suc- cessful native plant gardens. The information included here provides practical tips and details to ensure successful low-maintenance land- scapes. The previous three chap- ters include Reconstructing Tallgrass Prairies, Rain Gardening, and Native landscapes in the Whitmire Wildflower Garden, Shaw Nature Reserve. Control and Identification of Invasive Species. use of native plants in residential gar- den design, farming, parks, roadsides, and prairie restoration. Miller called his History of Native work “The Prairie Spirit in Landscape Landscaping Design”. One of the earliest practitioners of An early proponent of native landscap- Miller’s ideas was Ossian C. Simonds, ing was Wilhelm Miller who was a landscape architect who worked in appointed head of the University of the Chicago region. In a lecture pre- Illinois extension program in 1912. He sented in 1922, Simonds said, “Nature published a number of papers on the Introduction 3 teaches what to plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Legumes Versus Lespedeza Cuneata
    NATIVE LEGUMES VERSUS LESPEDEZA CUNEATA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES By JEREMY DANA KAPLAN Bachelor of Science in Molecular and Biomedical Biology Bridgewater State University Bridgewater, MA 2012 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July 2019 NATIVE LEGUMES VERSUS LESPEDEZA CUNEATA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Dissertation Approved: Dr. Kristen A. Baum Dissertation Adviser Dr. Samuel D. Fuhlendorf Dr. Karen R. Hickman Dr. Gail W. T. Wilson ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I must thank my adviser for the wonderful guidance and support that has been provided throughout my PhD experience. In addition to the research conducted in order to earn this degree, Dr. Kristen Baum has encouraged me to engage the public through meetings and conferences, take courses that expand my knowledge of my study system, and participate in both the university and local community. I also owe my gratitude to committee members Dr. Samuel Fuhlendorf, Dr. Karen Hickman and Dr. Gail Wilson for assisting me in designing data collection methods and analyses and for supporting and encouraging my growth. During my time here at Oklahoma State University, I have also had wonderful mentors while volunteering, participating in research and serving as a graduate teaching assistant. I am sincerely grateful to the Dean and Associate Deans of the Graduate College: Dr. Sheryl Tucker, Dr. Brenda Smith, Dr. Jean Van Delinder, the Associate Vice President for Research Dr. Ron Van Den Bussche and Graduate Coordinators Dr. Matthew Lovern and Dr. Jennifer Grindstaff.
    [Show full text]
  • BAPTISIA Genus Overview the Genus Baptisia Is a Member of The
    BAPTISIA Genus Overview The genus Baptisia is a member of the Fabaceae, the legume or pea family (some sources place it in Leguminosae). It is native to the Eastern United States, and from Minnesota, south to Texas. The genus name comes from a Greek root word meaning “to dip” in reference to the use of Baptisia as a substitute for indigo dye. This use is also evident in the common names for the genus; False Indigo and Wild Indigo. The genus contains upwards of 25 species, and has become of great interest to breeders within the last 20 years. Programs such as Chicagoland Grows® and Mt. Cuba Center’s Trial Garden have focused on introducing and testing new material. This interest has resulted in the release of many new cultivars that showcase the range of ornamental characteristics within the genus. Baptisia have showy pea-like flowers in purple, blue, lavender, white, and yellow. Baptisia is an herbaceous perennial, but its bushy habit allows it to be used as a stand-in for small shrubs. It is versatile enough to use in mixed borders, meadows, and formal gardens. All Baptisia have wildlife value as cover for songbirds, and some sources suggest the black fruit is also eaten by birds. Most have medium textured pea-like foliage in a soft blue- green color that adds contrast in the garden. Like most members of the Legume Family, deep roots make Baptisia drought tolerant, but sensitive to transplant as mature specimens. Presently there are 40 unique taxa within the living collection at the UDBG.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiyear Study of Factors Related to Flowering Phenology and Reproductive Yield of Baptisia Alba in Northeastern Illinois
    Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science received 3/11/10 (2010), Volume 103, #3&4, pp. 109-117 accepted 7/25/10 Multiyear Study of Factors Related to Flowering Phenology and Reproductive Yield of Baptisia alba in Northeastern Illinois Chris E. Petersen, Alyssa A. Mohus, Barbara A. Petersen, and Brian A. McQuaid College of DuPage, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 ABSTRACT Factors related to flowering phenology and the reproductive yield of the white wild indigo, Baptisia alba (Fabaceae), were investigated in a multiyear study. The study site was a 7.1 ha reconstructed prairie located in northeastern Illinois. Factors considered were pre-dispersal seed predation by the Apion rostrum (Apionidae), pollination, and weather. First flowering time (FFT) and flower duration were measured from 2007-2009, as were components of reproductive yield and pod infestation from 2003-2009. Earlier flowering B. alba showed a longer flowering duration and were larger based on racemes/plant. However, only during 2009 did these plants have more inflated pods/flower, an indicator of pollination success, and matured significantly more seeds. Larger B. alba tended to produce a higher number of mature seeds, but also tended to attract more weevils. Across years, A. rostrum infestation of pods was significantly related to fewer mature seeds/plant. Likewise, warmer departures from local average daily temperature during June-July when pods were developing was associated with reduced seeds matured/flower. Seed development may be sensitive to heat as encountered later in the summer. Escaping the heat of summer can explain why most B. alba flower earlier, although at a possible cost of seed depredation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Distinct Plastid Genome Structure of Maackia Fauriei (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) and Its Systematic Implications for Genistoids and Tribe Sophoreae
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The distinct plastid genome structure of Maackia fauriei (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) and its systematic implications for genistoids and tribe Sophoreae In-Su Choi, Byoung-Hee Choi* Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 Traditionally, the tribe Sophoreae sensu lato has been considered a basal but also hetero- a1111111111 geneous taxonomic group of the papilionoid legumes. Phylogenetic studies have placed Sophoreae sensu stricto (s.s.) as a member of the core genistoids. The recently suggested new circumscription of this tribe involved the removal of traditional members and the inclu- sion of Euchresteae and Thermopsideae. Nonetheless, definitions and inter- and intra-taxo- OPEN ACCESS nomic issues of Sophoreae remain unclear. Within the field of legume systematics, the Citation: Choi I-S, Choi B-H (2017) The distinct molecular characteristics of a plastid genome (plastome) have an important role in helping plastid genome structure of Maackia fauriei to define taxonomic groups. Here, we examined the plastome of Maackia fauriei, belonging (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) and its systematic implications for genistoids and tribe Sophoreae. to Sophoreae s.s., to elucidate the molecular characteristics of Sophoreae. Its gene con- PLoS ONE 12(4): e0173766. https://doi.org/ tents are similar to the plastomes of other typical legumes. Putative pseudogene rps16 of 10.1371/journal.pone.0173766 Maackia and Lupinus species imply independent functional gene loss from the genistoids. Editor: Giovanni G Vendramin, Consiglio Nazionale Our overall examination of that loss among legumes suggests that it is common among all delle Ricerche, ITALY major clades of Papilionoideae.
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria List
    Trip Report for: Victoria Glade Species Count: 177 Date: WGNSS Lists Jefferson County Agency: TNC Location: Jefferson County Glade Complex Participants: Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Agalinis gattingeri (Gerardia) rough-stemmed gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Allium stellatum wild onion Liliaceae 6 5 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amorpha canescens lead plant Fabaceae/Faboideae 8 5 Amphicarpaea bracteata hog peanut Fabaceae/Faboideae 4 0 Andropogon gerardii var. undetermined big bluestem Poaceae/Andropogoneae 5 1 Andropogon virginicus var. virginicus broomsedge Poaceae/Andropogoneae 2 1 Antennaria parlinii var. undetermined (A. plantaginifolia) plainleaf pussytoes Asteraceae/Gnaphalieae 5 5 Aristida purpurascens var. purpurascens arrowfeather Poaceae/Aristideae 5 5 Asclepias tuberosa ssp. interior butterfly weed Asclepiadaceae 5 5 Asclepias verticillata whorled milkweed Asclepiadaceae 2 5 Asclepias viridiflora (Acerates) green milkweed Asclepiadaceae 7 5 Asclepias viridis green-flowered milkweed Asclepiadaceae 5 5 * Asparagus officinalis ssp. officinalis asparagus Liliaceae 0 3 Aureolaria grandiflora var. undetermined (Gerardia) big-flowered gerardia Orobanchaceae 6 5 Baptisia australis var. minor blue false indigo Fabaceae/Faboideae 8 5 Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea (B. leucophaea) cream white indigo Fabaceae/Faboideae 7 5 Bidens bipinnata Spanish needles Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 5 Blephilia ciliata Ohio horse mint Lamiaceae 6 5 Bouteloua curtipendula var.
    [Show full text]