HEALTHY AGING City of Brantford Age-Friendly Strategy

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Table of Contents

Age-Friendly Planning in the City of Brantford ...... 04

Timeline of Age-Friendly Planning ...... 07

Aging in Ontario ...... 08

Aging in Brantford ...... 09

City of Brantford Age-Friendly Strategy 2020 ...... 11

Outdoor Spaces and Buildings 12 Transportation 13 Housing 14 Social Participation 15 Respect and Social Inclusion 16 Civic Participation and Employment 17 Communication and Information 18 Community and Health Services 19

References ...... 20 .

03 Age-Friendly Planning in the City of Brantford

Age-Friendly planning encourages active aging by optimizing opportunities for health, participation, and security in order to enhance the quality of life as people age. In 2008, “A Community for a Lifetime: A Master Aging Plan for Brantford and Brant County” was released as a result of a collaborative process that involved older adults, community agencies, and City staff. The Master Aging Plan led to the establishment of the Grand River Council on Aging, which has been working with the City of Brantford and community partners to support the implementation and evaluation of the 99 recommendations that were outlined in the 2008 Master Aging Plan. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the Master Aging Plan. The 2008 Master Aging Plan received province-wide acclaim as an example of inclusive, community-led planning and Brantford was profiled in the provincial publication “Finding the Right Fit:Age-Friendly Community Planning.” Proactive communities recognize that Age-Friendly planning is an on-going and iterative process (Figure 1). The Grand River Council on Aging’s evaluation of the Master Aging Plan in 2013 served as a call to action to the community to continue prioritizing Age-Friendly planning. In the City of Brantford’s Community Strategic Plan, Shaping Our Future 2014-2018, Age-Friendly planning was adopted as a fundamental strategic action to ensure a high quality of life for all citizens. Age-Friendly planning continues to be a core deliverable of the City’s Healthy Brantford Strategy.

The City of Brantford Age-Friendly Custom Needs Assessment In 2015, the City of Brantford was awarded an Ontario Seniors’ Secretariat Grant to review corporate readiness for an aging population. The resulting report, “The City of Brantford Age-Friendly Custom Needs Assessment (2016)”, demonstrated that the City’s “policies, programs, and initiatives across various municipal departments were intuitively addressing a range of Age-Friendly goals” and they outlined additional recommendations for the City to continue to prioritize Age-Friendly planning. The Needs Assessment also identified areas for improvement, such as social isolation among older adults, civic engagement, and social participation. In response, municipal staff secured external resources and aligned programming to begin to address these gaps. For example, staff helped secure Federal funding for three seniors’ clubs to host peer-to-peer programs; secured Provin- cial resources to conduct a local study on barriers older adults face

to municipal voting; and expanded seniors programming in neighbourhood hubs and affordable housing sites.

Figure 1. Age-Friendly Planning Process 04 Age-Friendly Planning in the City of Brantford

The Age-Friendly Community Summit Series To ensure that our collective efforts towards an Age-Friendly community was informed by the voices of older adults and subject matter experts, the Grand River Council on Aging and MPP Dave Levac partnered with MP Phil McColeman, the City of Brantford, the County of Brant, Six Nations of the Grand River, com- munity agencies, and retirees to conduct extensive public consultations known as the ‘Age-Friendly Com- munity Summit Series’.

The ‘Age-Friendly Community Summit Series’ consisted of eight forums, each one focusing on one of the World Health Transportation Organization’s eight dimensions of an Age-Friendly Community Housing (Figure 2) to identify the needs of older adults and monitor changes in the community. Summit participants included older Outdoor Spaces and Buildings adults, caregivers, service providers, and staff from the City Social of Brantford, the County of Brant, and Six Nations of the Participation Grand River. Age-friendly Community communities Support & Health In May 2017, the ‘Age Friendly Community Summit Services Respect Series’ findings were summarized in the report “Creating and Social Inclusion an Age-Friendly Community: Community Impact Report”, Communication and information which aims to be a catalyst for action with over 600 Civic Participation recommendations for the community; municipal, provincial, and and Employment national governments; non-profits; and the private sector as they prepare for an aging population. Figure 2. WHO Age-Friendly Dimensions

City of Brantford Recognized by World Health Organization As a result of the Age-Friendly planning process and the significant milestones our community has achieved, the City of Brantford was internationally recognized by the World Health Organization as an Age-Friendly community. In July 2017, the City of Brantford was officially welcomed to the WHO Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities. Membership in the Global Network reflects the City’s dedication to achieving an Age-Friendly community. As a member of the Global Network, the City of Brantford will have the opportunity to connect with a global network of aging experts, including senior officials, program managers, researchers, and older persons; stay informed onAge-Friendly initiatives; share the City’s progress to support other communities; and be inspired by what others have achieved.

05 Age-Friendly Planning in the City of Brantford

In addition to global recognition, the City’s effort have been highlighted by the Ontario Municipal Social Services Association, the Association of Municipalities of Ontario, the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care; the Ministry of Seniors Affairs; the Retired Teachers Association of Ontario, and the International Federation on Aging.

Healthy Aging: The City of Brantford’s Age-Friendly Strategy This publication, “Healthy Aging: The City of Brantford’s Age-Friendly Strategy’, is the result of direct input from older adults, caregivers, community agencies, and municipal staff in Brantford; an audit of the City’s Age-Friendly policies and programs; and best practices identified within Age-Friendly networks, including the Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities, the Southern Ontario Age-Friendly Network, and the Seniors Health Knowledge Network (Age-Friendly Communities Network).

06 Age-Friendly Planning in Brantford

2008: Master Aging Plan Steering 2008: A Community for a Lifetime: Committee held focus groups and Master Aging Plan for the City of interviews with older adults, caregivers, 2008 Brantford and County of Brant was community agencies, and municipal launched with 21 objectives and staff. 99 strategies.

2009: The Grand River Council 2009 on Aging developed the implementation plan for the Master Aging Plan. 2013: Brantford City Council directed staff to update Council on the Master Aging Plan’s implementation progress. 2013 2013: The Grand River Council on Aging evaluated the community’s progress 2014: Age-Friendly planning was towards the Master Aging Plan and adopted as a fundamental strategic identified gaps. action to ensure a high quality of life for all citizens in the City of Brantford 2014 Community Strategic Plan Shaping Our Future 2014-2018.

2015: The City of Brantford received funding 2015-2017: MPP Dave Levac and the from the Ontario Seniors’ Secretariat to conduct 2015 Grand River Council on Aging – in an internal audit of the corporation’s alignment partnership with the City of Brantford, with the eight dimensions of an Age-Friendly the County of Brant, Six Nations of the Community and the Master Aging Plan. Grand River, MP Phil McColeman, local service providers, and retirees – held the ‘Age-Friendly Community Summit Series’. 2016: The internal audit of the 2016 City’s Age-Friendly readiness, The City of Brantford Age-Friendly Custom Needs Assessment, was published. 2017: The Age-Friendly Community Summit Series Core Committee published 2017: The World Health Organization Creating an Age-Friendly Community: recognized the City of Brantford as a Community Impact Report to summarize community that is dedicated to Age 2017 the recommendations from the ‘Age-Friendly Friendly planning and welcomed the City Community Summit Series’. into the WHO Global Network of Age Friendly Cities and Communities. The City of Brantford launched 2018 Healthy Aging: The City of Brantford’s Age-Friendly Strategy.

07 Aging in Ontario

Seniors (65 years and older) are the fastest growing age group in Ontario . By 2041, it is projected that Ontario’s population, 65 years or older, will almost double.

of Ontario’s population are 65 years 2016 3 million 16.4% or older.

2041 4.6 million of Ontario’s population will 25% be 65 years or older.

Ontario’s seniors are becoming In terms of living arrangements increasingly diverse . for Ontarians aged 65 and older .

live with a partner 63% or spouse

93% live alone are living in 23 .5% +44% +16% private households increase in visible minority increase in non-visible live with other seniors (65+) minority seniors (65+) 11% relatives from 2011 from 2011 to 2016 to 2016 live with 1 .9% non-relatives

In 2013-2014, the following percentages In 2013-2014, Ontario seniors (65 years of Ontario seniors (65 years and older) and older) perceived their health to be: reported having these conditions: MENTAL HEALTH

Diabetes 67% 18 .4% 46 .8% Arthritis HEALTH

Chronic 45 .8% Obstructive Pulmonary 7 .3% Disease 48 .7% High Blood 21 .9% (COPD) Pressure 6 .5% Asthma 7 .4% very good/ fair/poor very good/ fair/poor excellent excellent 7 .2% Mood Disorder

08 Province of Ontario (2017) Aging with Confidence: Ontario’s Action Plan for Seniors Aging in Brantford

16,760 Population Population change by broad age 13,185 14,267 number 65+ groups, Brantford, 2006 to 2016

2006-2011 2011-2016 2006 2011 2016

30% 18 15 11 Population 7 17 .2% percent 65+ 15 .1% 3 14 .6% -1 0 to14 15 to 64 65+ age groups population change (percentage)

2006 2011 2016 Projected 2041

Housing

65% 23% 43% of older adults (age 65+) of older adults (age 65+) of older adults (age 65+) who live in single detached live in apartments are living alone are spending in Brantford. in Brantford. more than 30% of their income on shelter costs in Brantford.

I O N R E B G SC R E A N R AD T O RO R AD H OA URC CH D INS LA Language and Diversity ISP PAR The City of Brantford has a high FA IR C H I LD ST EA AD OXFORD RO 24 percentage of urban Indigenous ORS N RN I OVE TH G BLANDFORD- BLENHEIM PA RIS R R OA residents. On average, E D V I R ND A R G the Indigenous population in BRANTFORDÑ ET BRANTFORD STRE NE ER OR E IV LB T R O ON C

I 403 Brantford is younger RA than the O AD 30.9 SIXNATIONS 19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19%19% non-Indigenous population; years 40 8%8%8%8%8%8%8% of older adults (age 65+) E A D the average ageOXFORD of Indigenous D S N A A T O GR PH R Q EL PS U of older immigrants (age 65+) did not list English as A R T E BRANT residents is 30 .9 yearsR old

have been in Brantford their firstfifitheir rstfi language. language. T B O I S W H N O L PS I N E G 15 years or less. compared to A the average ageTE R O RO A D AD of 40 .8 years old for 24 40.8 D OA DR non-Indigenous residents . KLAN yearsOA B IG

C R E In Brantford,EK 5 .6% of older adults NORFOLKCOUNTY 29.6%29.6%29.6% identifiidentified ed as a visible minority; HALD of older adults were born 9 .9% of Brantford’s total population outside of Canada. identified as a visible minority.

09 Aging in Brantford

Percentage of adults, 65 and older, Percentage of employed adults who are who are employed, 2006 and 2016 self-employed, ages 25-64 and 65 and older, 13.2% in 2016 8%

13.2% 23.7% adults age 25-64 adults age 65+ 2006 2016

Percentage of adults, 65 and older, who are More older adults living below the low-income measure, 2006 and 2016 alone are below the An increasing number of older adults are below the low income measure . . . low-income measure 2006 2016 In 2016 7.1% 11% 29.5%

of older adults were below of older adults were below the of older adults who are living the low-income measure low-income measure after tax alone were below the low in Brantford income measure

Health and Wellbeing

of older adults perceive health 52.3% as ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’.

of older adults perceive mental health 72.2% as ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’.

of older adults get at least 150 minutes 41.7% of physical activity a week.

of older adults have a regular 93.5% health care provider.

of older adults have a ‘somewhat strong’ 83.3% or ‘very strong’ sense of belonging.

Statistics Canada (2017) Brant Census Metropolitan Area. Canadian Community Health Survey (2016). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X. Ottawa. Statistics Canada (2017) Brantford, Ontario. Census Profile. 2016 Census, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 10 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. City of Brantford Age-Friendly Strategy 1. Outdoor Spaces and Buildings

Outdoor spaces and public buildings have a major impact on the mobility, independence, and quality of life of older people and impact their ability to age in place. Age-Friendly outdoor spaces and buildings encompass green spaces, outdoor seating, pavements, public washrooms, and accessible buildings.

Dashboard Current State Target

Sidewalk walkability 576.9 km (2017) 590 km (2020) Metric: km of sidewalks

Park walkability 13.7 km (2017) 16 km (2020) Metric: km of paved paths

Accessibility modifi cation 51 projects (2017) 58 projects (2020) Metric: number of Capital Priority Initiatives completed to increase accessibility since 2007

Strategy 1 .1 Improve the walkability of municipal sidewalks and trails .

Action A . Install additional pedestrian crossing signals, curb cuts, and tactile warning indicators. Action B . Improve light levels and energy effi ciency of street lighting. Action C . Replace brick paver sidewalks in downtown core. Action D . Increase awareness of the Leaf Raking and Snow Buddies Program.

Strategy 1 .2 Improve the walkability of municipal parks and trails . Action A . Expand and promote network of paved trails. Action B . Provide additional benches in busy areas. Action C . Provide more directional signage in parks and on trails. Action D . Post rules for bicycles and scooters in parks and on trails. Strategy 1 .2 Ensure buildings are accessible, inclusive, and safe . Action A . Continue to implement Brantford’s Accessibility Plan. Action B. Ensure public washrooms are accessible, clean, and well-lit. Action C . Provide additional gender-neutral washrooms within facilities. Action D . Continue to recognize organizations that have demonstrated a commitment to providing excellent accessibility. 12 2. Transportation

Being able to travel within a community has a significant impact on social participation and access to com- munity and health services. The World Health Organization defines Age-Friendly transportation as accessible and affordable public transit and taxis; well-maintained roads and parking lots; and competent drivers.

Dashboard Current State Target

Accessible transit fleet 100% (2017) 100% (2020) Metric: % of fully accessible public transit buses

Transit shelters 14% (2017) 30% (2021) Metric: % of transit stops with shelters

Transit access 94% (2017) 95% (2021) Metric: % of residences within 400m of transit stop

Cycle network 18.1 km (2017) 24.4 km (2020) Metric: km of dedicated bike lanes

Strategy 2 .1 Improve access to public transit .

Action A . Expand opportunities to educate riders on navigating the transit system. Action B . Increase number of bus shelters at bus stops. Action C . Continue improvements of downtown transit terminal. Action D . Review accessibility of current ticketing system. Action E . Implement recommendations of the Comprehensive Transit Review. Strategy 2 .2 Improve accessibility of city roads and municipal parking . Action A . Increase size of street signs. Action B . Increase number of advance green lights at busy intersections. Action C . Increase left and right turn lanes at busy intersections. Action D . Prioritize parallel on-street parking over perpendicular or angled parking. Strategy 2 .3 Support initiatives that promote active and connected transportation systems . Action A . Expand cycling network. Action B . Collaborate with community agencies to enhance additional transportation options. Action C . Advocate for transportation options in neighbouring communities to ensure surrounding residents are able to access health, recreational, commercial, and social services in the City of Brantford. 13 3. Housing

Housing is essential to safety and well-being. Adequate housing enables older adults to comfortably age in place and remain connected to their community. Age-Friendly housing relates to affordability, design, options, and aging-in-place.

Dashboard Current State Target

Affordable housing units 603 (2017) 660 (2018) Metric: # of affordable housing units 690 (2020) designated for older adults

Programming at affordable housing sites 22 (2017) 47 (2020) Metric: # of programs in seniors affordable housing sites

Participants in programming at 314 (2017) 700 (2020) affordable housing sites Metric: # of participants in seniors affordable housing sites

Strategy 3 .1 Increase affordable options for older adults . Action A . Expand affordable housing units dedicated for older adults. Action B . Host additional social housing education workshops to inform residents on the waitlist time, associated costs, and pet and smoking policies.

Strategy 3 .2 Increase accessibility of affordable housing . Action A . Continue to support accessibility needs of older adults within affordable housing units. Action B . Expand social and health programming at senior affordable housing sites. Strategy 3 .3 Support older adults to age in place . Action A . Create and promote a directory of home maintenance and support services. Action B . Provide and/or promote grants and programs that support older adults to age in place. Action C . Promote the tax deferral program for older adults.

14 4. Social Participation

Participating in leisure, social, cultural, and spiritual activities in the community, and with family, enables older adults to maintain strong connections, experience joy, and stay informed. One’s ability to participate in social activities relates to the availability, cost, location, awareness, and range of opportunities, as well as the health and preference of the participant.

Dashboard Current State Target

Participation in recreation 1,222 (2017) 1,345 Metric: # of older adults (50+) participating in seniors programming (2020)

Civic engagement 120 (2017) 150 Metric: # of volunteer positions on municipal boards and committees (2020)

Strategy 4 .1 Reduce barriers to access recreation . Action A . Implement the Access to Recreation Policy. Action B .Provide higher levels of direct subsidy for programs and services that teach essential life and safety skills and/or provide introductory programming for children, youth and seniors that encourage active living. Action C . Support older adult access grant funding to host programming. Action D . Help older adults access free rebuilt technology. Strategy 4 .2 Prioritize more community based programming . Action A . Expand neighbourhood hub program. Action B .Promote the role of libraries in their ability to assist residents with obtaining access to all types of information. Action C . Invest in older adult spaces as a core component of neighbourhoods and community centres. Strategy 4 .3 Implement programming to support isolated older adults . Action A . Research best practices to reduce social isolation among older adults. Action B .Recognize specific populations of older adults who have a greater risk of social isolation, such as Indigenous seniors, newcomers and immigrants, seniors who are caregivers, as well as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered seniors. Action C . Launch additional programs to support socially isolated older adults. Strategy 4 .4 Expand programming and experiences based on interests expressed by older adults . Action A . Increase digital inclusion of older adults. Action B .Host a retirement workshop for all ages, which includes resources on budgeting, housing, recreation, and health. Action C . Create unique experiences to celebrate older adults. 15 5. Respect and Social Inclusion

While many older adults feel respected, recognized, and included in their communities, others report experiences of exclusion and disrespect. Age-Friendly communities prioritize public education and build relationships between generations.

Dashboard Current State Target

Train all new staff in Age-Friendly 0 (2017) 100% (2020) customer service Metric: % of new staff who receive training in Age-Friendly customer service

Sense of belonging 83.3% (2016) 85% (2020) Metric: % of surveyed older adults (65+) who report a ‘very strong’ or ‘somewhat strong’ sense of belonging to the local community

Feelings of safety 73.4% (2015) 85% (2020) Metric: % of surveyed residents who reported feeling ‘very safe’ or ‘reasonably safe’

Strategy 5 .1 Continue to understand and respond to the unique needs of older adults . Action A . Continue to seek input from older adults and provide multiple avenues to provide feedback, including online, paper, phone, and/or in person options. Action B . Develop best practices for supporting newcomer and immigrant older adults. Action C . Expand options for residents to access City of Brantford services. Action D . Promote intergenerational activities to build respect across ages. Strategy 5 .2 Incorporate age-friendly training into customer service training . Action A . Add Age-Friendly training as a requirement for all new Municipal employees. Action B . Support all departments to understand and implement accessible and age-friendly improvements.

Strategy 5 .3 Work with community partners to address elder abuse . Action A . In partnership with the Brant Elder Abuse Awareness Committee, develop a Community Elder Abuse Prevention and Action Strategy. 16 6. Civic Participation and Employment

Older adults continue to contribute to their communities as they age. Many older adults become self-employed, seek new employment opportunities, volunteer in their communities, and provide voluntary work for their families.

Dashboard Current State Target

Participation in skills training 655 720 Metric: # of adults in Neighbourhood Learning Series programs

Community forums to engage older adults 120 (2017) 150 Metric: # of forums held annually to engage older adults in (2020) community planning

Strategy 6 .1 Continue to engage older adults in community planning . Action A . Provide additional opportunities for older adults to participate in municipal planning. Action B . Incorporate the findings of the recent municipal study investigating barriers older adults face to voting in a municipal election. Action C . Work with community agencies to promote volunteer opportunities. Strategy 6 .2 Support older adults to access employment opportunities . Action A . Promote the City of Brantford’s alternative recruitment processes that exists to support job applicants who do not have access to a computer. Action B . Launch a senior-preneurship program to assist older adults with entrepreneurship. Action C . Support education and employment initiatives via Graduate Brantford.

17 7. Communication and Information

Access to information is a key concern for older adults. Age-Friendly communication relates to digital and paper distribution methods, timing, word of mouth, format and design, and information technology.

Dashboard Current State Target

Community Engagement 20-40 (2017) 30-50 (2020) Metric: # of Public information session attendees

Social Media Participation 5,200 (2017) 7,500 (2020) Metric: # of Facebook followers

Communication has broad reach 50% (2017) 60% (2020) Metric: % of media releases covered

High traffic on municipal website 1,471,091 2,000,000 Metric: # of brantford.ca website yearly page views (2017) (2020)

Strategy 7 .1 Improve access to municipal information . Action A . Continue implementation of Customer One Contact Centre, a live-answer, centralized telephone number for service delivery. Action B . Continue redevelopment of municipal websites to improve customer service. Action C . Ensure online social media is accessible for older adults. Action D . Promote the availability of accessible municipal documents.

Strategy 7 .2 Develop municipal staff age-friendly communication skills . Action A . Enhance staff knowledge of Age-Friendly communication techniques. Action B . Incorporate dementia-friendly practices in communications plan. Action C . Create Age-Friendly event planning guides to encourage municipal staff to consider the venue, location, parking, transportation, time of day, and promotion strategies when planning events for older adults.

Strategy 7 .3 Utilize additional methods to reach isolated older adults . Action A . Include additional announcements on utility bills. Action B . Work with community partners to improve how socially isolated older adults access information. Action C .Encourage “Age-Friendly champions” to spread the word on Age-Friendly services and programs in the City of Brantford. 18 8. Community and Health Services

Health and support services are critical for older adults and caregivers to maintain independence in the community. Municipalities can collaborate with agencies to address community health challenges and support programs that foster healthy and active living.

Dashboard Current State Target

Access to health education 9 (2017) 14 (2020) Metric: # of programs at neighbourhood hubs and affordable housing sites that focus on health promotion

Perceived health of older adults 52.5% (2016) 63% Metric: % of older adults (65+) who perceived (2020) health as ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’

Perceived mental health of older adults 72.2% (2016) 80% Metric: % of older adults (65+) who perceive (2020) mental health as ‘very good’ or ‘excellent’

Strategy 8 .1 Provide community programs focused on healthy and active living . Action A . Develop and host additional neighbourhood programs focused on healthy lifestyles, including nutrition, exercise, and falls prevention programs. Action B . Provide older adults increased access to health education programming. Strategy 8 .2 Support community initiatives to improve health and wellbeing of older adults . Action A . Collaborate with community agencies to catalyze resources to foster social development. Action B . Implement the recommendations of the Brantford-Brant Community Drug Strategy. Action C . Provide Mental Health First Aid for Seniors Certification. Action D . Review existing discretionary benefits policies for low income individuals, including low income older adults, to improve access to emergency dental and drug coverage; further promote the medical assistance funds, which support persons with low-incomes to meet emergency or unexpected health needs.

19 References

Age-Friendly Summit Core Planning Committee (2017) Creating an Age-Friendly Community: Commu- nity Impact Report. Grand River Council on Aging.

City of Brantford (2008) A Master Plan for Downtown Brantford.

City of Brantford (2009) Brantford Facility Accessibly Design Standards

City of Brantford (2011) Downtown Streetscape Plan

City of Brantford (2012) Community Involvement Framework

City of Brantford (2012) Intensification Strategy

City of Brantford (2014) Brantford Accessibility Plan

City of Brantford (2014) Brantford-Brant Housing Stability Plan 2014-2024

City of Brantford (2014) Transportation Master Plan

City of Brantford (2014) Urban Design Guidelines for Intensification Proposal

City of Brantford (2015) City of Brantford Community Strategic Plan Shaping out Future 2014-2018

City of Brantford (2016) Corporate Communications Strategic Plan: 2016-2019

City of Brantford (2016) Customer One Strategy

City of Brantford (2016) Economic Development Strategy

City of Brantford (2017) Brantford Accessibility Plan 2017 Status Update

City of Brantford (2017) Design and Construction Manual – Linear Municipal Infrastructure

City of Brantford (2018) 2018 City-Wide 10 Year Capital Budget Forecast.

IBI Group (2017) Draft Report - Report 2 – TRANSformation2021 – Brantford Transit and Brantford Lift

Federation of Canadian Municipalities. (2013). Canada’s Aging Population: The municipal role in Canada’s demographic shift.

Grand River Council on Aging (2008) A Community for a Lifetime: A Master Aging Plan for Brantford adn the County of Brant.

20 References

Province of Ontario. 2017. Aging with Confidence: Ontario’s Action Plan for Seniors

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). Age-Friendly Communication.

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2015). The Age-Friendly Communities Evaluation Guide.

Statistics Canada. 2017. Brant Census Metropolitan Area. Canadian Community Health Survey (2016). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X. Ottawa.

Statistics Canada. 2017. Brantford, Ontario. Census Profile. 2016 Census, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa.

World Health Organization. (2007). Checklist of Essential Features of Age-friendly Cities.

World Health Organization. 2016. Measuring the Age-friendliness of Cities: A Guide to Using Core Indicators.

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