The Historical Context of Nichiren's Teaching of “Chanting Daimoku”
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THE Buddhist Thinker and Reformer Nichiren (1222–1282) Is Consid
J/Orient/03 03.10.10 10:55 AM ページ 94 A History of Women in Japanese Buddhism: Nichiren’s Perspectives on the Enlightenment of Women Toshie Kurihara OVERVIEW HE Buddhist thinker and reformer Nichiren (1222–1282) is consid- Tered among the most progressive of the founders of Kamakura Bud- dhism, in that he consistently championed the capacity of women to achieve salvation throughout his ecclesiastic writings.1 This paper will examine Nichiren’s perspectives on women, shaped through his inter- pretation of the 28-chapter Lotus Sutra of Gautama Shakyamuni in India, a version of the scripture translated by Buddhist scholar Kumara- jiva from Sanskrit to Chinese in 406. The paper’s focus is twofold: First, to review doctrinal issues concerning the spiritual potential of women to attain enlightenment and Nichiren’s treatises on these issues, which he posited contrary to the prevailing social and religious norms of medieval Japan. And second, to survey the practical solutions that Nichiren, given the social context of his time, offered to the personal challenges that his women followers confronted in everyday life. THE ATTAINMENT OF BUDDHAHOOD BY WOMEN Historical Relationship of Women and Japanese Buddhism During the Middle Ages, Buddhism in Japan underwent a significant transformation. The new Buddhism movement, predicated on simpler, less esoteric religious practices (igyo-do), gained widespread acceptance among the general populace. It also redefined the roles that women occupied in Buddhism. The relationship between established Buddhist schools and women was among the first to change. It is generally acknowledged that the first three individuals in Japan to renounce the world and devote their lives to Buddhist practice were women. -
Speech by Ōno Genmyō, Head Priest of the Horyu-Ji Temple “Shōtoku Taishi and Horyu-Ji” (October 20, 2018, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo)
Speech by Ōno Genmyō, Head Priest of the Horyu-ji Temple “Shōtoku Taishi and Horyu-ji” (October 20, 2018, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo) MC Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for coming today. The town of Ikaruga, where the Horyu-ji Temple is located, is very conveniently located: just 10 minutes by JR from Nara, 20 minutes from Tennoji in Osaka, and 80 minutes from Kyoto. This historical area is home to sites that include the Horyu-ji , the Horin-ji, the Hkki-ji, the Chugu- ji, and the Fujinoki Kofun tumulus. The Reverend Mr. Ōno will be speaking with us today in detail about the Horyu-ji, which was founded in 607 by Shotoku Taishi, Prince Shotoku, a member of the imperial family. As it is home to the oldest wooden building in the world, it was the first site in Japan to be registered as a World Heritage property. However, its attractions go beyond the buildings. While Kyoto temples are famous for their gardens, Nara’s attractions are, more than anything, its Buddhist sculptures. The Horyu-ji is home to some of Japan’s most noted Buddhist statues, including the Shaka Sanzon [Shaka Triad of Buddha and Two Bosatsu], the Kudara Kannon, Yakushi Nyorai, and Kuse Kannon. Prince Shotoku was featured on the 10,000 yen bill until 1986, so there may even be people overseas who know of him. Shotoku was the creator of Japan’s first laws and bureaucratic system, a proponent of relations with China, and incorporated Buddhism into politics. Reverend Ōno, if you would be so kind. -
The World's Oldest Plan of Angkor
UDAYA, Journal of 13, 2015 UDAYA, Khmer Studies, The World’s Oldest Plan of Angkor Vat THE WORLD’S OLDEST PLAN OF ANGKOR VAT: THE JAPANESE SO-CALLED JETAVANA, AN ILLUSTRATED PLAN OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY Yoshiaki Ishizawa Director, Sophia Asia Center for Research and Human Development Cambodia and Japan in the 16th and 17th Century The Angkor Empire, which built grand monuments including those now registered as the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Angkor, came under attack by the army of the neighboring Siamese Ayutthaya dynasty (today’s Thailand), around 1431. This led to the fall of the ancient capital of Angkor, thereby ending the Empire’s history of 600 years. The kingdom’s capital was then transferred to Srei Santhor, Phnom Penh, and Longvek in 1529, and then to Oudong in 1618. Phnom Penh has been the capital city from 1867 to this day. Recent research has uncovered the fact that descendants of the Angkor rulers returned to Angkor Thom between 1546 and 1576, where they repaired the derelict structures and encouraged locals to move back to the area.1 Western missionaries, visiting Cambodia around this time, also left documents with details concerning the ancient capital. Angkor Vat on the other hand was turned into a Buddhist temple (Theravada Buddhism) after the collapse of the Khmer Empire, and continues to attract nearby residents as a place of Buddhist worship. In Japan, Toyotomi Hideyoshi accomplished the unification of the nation (1590). Following the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Shogunal government in 1603, and around this time Japan received a large number of international visitors including Christian missionaries and international traders. -
THE RELIGIOUS and SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE of CHENREZIG in VAJRĀYANA BUDDHISM – a Study of Select Tibetan Thangkas
SSamaama HHaqaq National Museum Institute, of History of Art, Conservation and Museology, New Delhi THE RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CHENREZIG IN VAJRĀYANA BUDDHISM – A Study of Select Tibetan Thangkas INTRODUCTION he tradition of thangkas has earned itself the merit of pioneering Tibetan art in the 21st century. The purpose behind the effulgent images Tis not to simply lure worshippers with their exuberant colours and designs; it also follows an intricate system of iconometric and iconologic principles in order to beseech the benefaction of a particular deity. As a result, a thangka is worshipped as a didactic ‘visual aid’ for Tibetan Buddhist reli- gious practices. Tracing the origin of the artistic and socio-cultural practices behind a thangka recreates a texture of Central Asian and Indian influences. The origin of ceremonial banners used all across Central Asia depicts a similar practice and philosophy. Yet, a close affinity can also be traced to the Indian art of paṭa painting, which was still prevalent around the eastern province of India around the Pala period.1) This present paper discusses the tradition of thangka painting as a medium for visualisation and a means to meditate upon the principal deity. The word thangka is a compound of two words – than, which is a flat surface and gka, which means a painting. Thus, a thangka represents a painting on a flat sur- 1) Tucci (1999: 271) “Pata, maṇḍala and painted representation of the lives of the saints, for the use of storytellers and of guides to holy places, are the threefold origin of Tibetan tankas”. -
Kyoto Sightseeing Route
Imamiya-jinja Nearest bus stop ❾● Nearest bus stop ❾● Eizan Elec. Rwy. Specialty Shrine For Shimogamo-jinja Shrine For Ginkaku-ji Templeダミー銀閣寺の説明。□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ Free Wi-Fi on board Operate every 5~10 min. Operate every 5~10 min. ( to Kibune/Kurama) Specialty SSID:skyhopbus_Free PW:skyhopbus ABURI MOCHIダミー金閣寺の説明。□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ 1 2 GOLD LEAF aitokuji 【Kyoto City Bus】 【Kyoto City Bus】 yoto ta. arasuma ojo roasted□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□D □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ Sky Hop K S K G SOFT CREAM rice cakes Bus route No.203 & No.102 BusKita-Oji route St. No.203 & No.102 □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□Temple Bus □□□ Koto-in Karasuma Imadegawa Demachiyanagi Sta. Karasuma Imadegawa Ginkakuji-michi Ichijoji Sta. SKYHOP BUS Kyoto With Kyoto as the gateway to Hotel New Kyoto Tower ↑ Nearby Byodo-ji Temple was Temple 8 ※Walking about 3 min. from❾ ※Walking about 12 min. ※Walking about 3 min. from❾ ※Walking about 10 min. ダミー下鴨神社の説明。□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ history, the station features a Hankyu Kyoto Hotel established when a statue of 2 Ryogen-in Temple to Shimogamo-jinja Shrine to Ginkaku-ji Temple (1 trip 99 min./every 30 min.) Kinkakuji 7 廬山寺 □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ Japanese Go board tile design. Yakushi Nyorai was drawn from ※A separate fare fromShimei the SkySt. Hop Bus Kyoto ticket is ※A separate fare from the Sky Hop Bus Kyoto ticket is Gojo Shimogamo Hon-dori St. Hon-dori Shimogamo □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ required. This fareKarasuma St. is 230 yen (one way). required. This fare is 230 yen (one way). Visitors from abroad will the sea and enshrined in 997. Temple □□□□ 500m 法然院 Subway Karasuma Line ダミー銀閣寺の説明。□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ Tomb of Murasaki Shikibu 1 appreciate the large tourist Information 京都The principle image of Yakushi □□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□ Central Gojo St. -
IMAGES of POWER: BUDDHIST ART and ARCHITECTURE (Buddhism on the Silk Road) BUDDHIST ART and ARCHITECTURE on the Silk Road
IMAGES OF POWER: BUDDHIST ART and ARCHITECTURE (Buddhism on the Silk Road) BUDDHIST ART and ARCHITECTURE on the Silk Road Online Links: Bamiyan Buddhas: Should they be rebuit? – BBC Afghanistan Taliban Muslims destroying Bamiyan Buddha Statues – YouTube Bamiyan Valley Cultural Remains – UNESCO Why the Taliban are destroying Buddhas - USA Today 1970s Visit to Bamiyan - Smithsonian Video Searching for Buddha in Afghanistan – Smithsonian Seated Buddha from Gandhara - BBC History of the World BUDDHIST ART and ARCHITECTURE of China Online Links: Longmen Caves - Wikipedia Longmen Grottoes – Unesco China The Longmen Caves – YouTube Longmen Grottoes – YouTube Lonely Planet's Best In China - Longmen China – YouTube Gandhara Buddha - NGV in Australia Meditating Buddha, from Gandhara , second century CE, gray schist The kingdom of Gandhara, located in the region of presentday northern Pakistan and Afghanistan, was part of the Kushan Empire. It was located near overland trade routes and links to the ports on the Arabian Sea and consequently its art incorporated Indian, Persian and Greco- Roman styles. The latter style, brought to Central Asia by Alexander the Great (327/26–325/24 BCE) during his conquest of the region, particularly influenced the art of Gandhara. This stylistic influence is evident in facial features, curly hair and classical style costumes seen in images of the Buddha and bodhisattvas that recall sculptures of Apollo, Athena and other GaecoRoman gods. A second-century CE statue carved in gray schist, a local stone, shows the Buddha, with halo, ushnisha, urna, dressed in a monk’s robe, seated in a cross-legged yogic posture similar to that of the male figure with horned headdress on the Indus seal. -
Japanese Buddhism. W
^be ^^cn Court A MONTHLY MAGAZINE Devoted to tbc Science ot IReU^lon, tbe IReliaton ot Science, anb tbe Bitension ot tbe IReliaious parliament fbea Founded by Eowaso C. Hecklek Volume XXXIX (No. 7) JULY, 1925 (No. 830) CONTENTS PACK Frontispiece. Japanese Buddha. Japanese Buddhism. W. G. Blaikie Murdoch 385 Knowledge Interpreted as Language Behavior. Leslie A. White 396 Utopia Rediscovered. William Loftus Hare 405 The Earliest Gospel Writings as Political Documents. Wm. W. Martin .... 424 The Greek Idea of Sin. Alexander Kadison 433 Morel. B. U. Burke 436 The Organized Religion of Churches and Social Work. June P. Guild 440 The Significance of Manaism. George P. Conger 443 ^be 0pen Court tPublidbing Companig 122 S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, Illinois Per con, 20 cents (1 shiUing). Yearly, $2.00 (in tbe U.P.U^ 9i. 6d.) Entered as Second-Class Matter March 26, 1887, at the Post Office at Chlcaso, lU., under Act of March 3, 1879. Copyright by The Open Codrt Publishing Company. 1924. Xlbe ©pen Court A MONTHLY MAGAZINE ©cvote^ to the Science of IReliQion, tbe IRelfgfon of Science, and tbe Extension of tbe IReligious parliament fOea Founded by Eowako C. Hicnxk Volume XXXIX (No. 7) JULY, 1925 (No. 830) CONTENTS PACK Frontispiece. Japanese Buddha. Japanese Buddhism. W. G. Blaikie Murdoch 385 Knowledge Interpreted as Language Behavior. Leslie A. White 396 Utopia Rediscovered. William Loftus Hare 405 The Earliest Gospel Writings as Political Documents. Wm. W. Martin .... 424 The Greek Idea of Sin. Alexander Kadison 433 Morel. B. U. Burke 436 The Organized Religion of Churches and Social Work. -
Joseph Elacqua
Citragupta: A Case Study in Esoteric Buddhist Appropriation1 Introduction For several decades, the Mahākaruṇā-garbhodbhava-maṇḍala2 大悲胎藏生曼荼攞, an iconographic, visual, and ritual device characteristic of Japanese Shingon 眞言 Buddhism, has been a rich source for academic scholarship on Esoteric Buddhism. First appearing in the Mahāvairocanābhisambodhi-sūtra,3 variants of the Garbhodbhava-maṇḍala are discussed in seven of its chapters as well as in a wealth of supplementary literature.4 For lack of a better term to refer collectively to these texts, I have employed the term “Garbhodbhava cycle.” Several studies relating to the Garbhodbhava-maṇḍala have blazed new trails, constructing a wholly new framework for present maṇḍala scholars. Toganoo Shōun’s 栂尾祥雲 study of maṇḍalas5 provided a crucial framework for the field of maṇḍala studies. Tajima Ryūjun 田嶋隆純 analysed both the Garbhodbhava- 1 I would like to express my deep and profound gratitude to Bernard Faure and Michael Como, each of whom provided invaluable assistance as the seeds of this project first began to sprout. I am also heavily indebted to Rolf Giebel for his unending assistance in the restoration of potential Sanskrit text titles. Sanskrit terms in this paper are romanized according to the IAST system, but with one slight variation. Rather than utilizing the Sanskrit anusvāra using the vague “ṃ” of IAST, I have elected to romanize this sound more strictly. When occurring before a plosive consonant, the anusvāra is romanized as the appropriate class nasal (ex: “saṅgraha” rather than “saṃgraha.” In all other cases—such as occurrence before non-plosives or at the end of any morpheme—the anusvāra is romanized as “ṃ.” 2 The Maṇḍala Arising from the Matrix of Great Compassion. -
Critical Sermons of the Zen Tradition Dr Hisamatsu Shin’Ichi, at Age 87
Critical Sermons of the Zen Tradition Dr Hisamatsu Shin’ichi, at age 87. Photograph taken by the late Professor Hy¯od¯o Sh¯on¯osuke in 1976, at Dr Hisamatsu’s residence in Gifu. Critical Sermons of the Zen Tradition Hisamatsu’s Talks on Linji translated and edited by Christopher Ives and Tokiwa Gishin © Editorial matter and selection © Christopher Ives and Tokiwa Gishin Chapters 1–22 © Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-96271-8 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. -
The Teaching of Buddha”
THE TEACHING OF BUDDHA WHEEL OF DHARMA The Wheel of Dharma is the translation of the Sanskrit word, “Dharmacakra.” Similar to the wheel of a cart that keeps revolving, it symbolizes the Buddha’s teaching as it continues to be spread widely and endlessly. The eight spokes of the wheel represent the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism, the most important Way of Practice. The Noble Eightfold Path refers to right view, right thought, right speech, right behavior, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right meditation. In the olden days before statues and other images of the Buddha were made, this Wheel of Dharma served as the object of worship. At the present time, the Wheel is used internationally as the common symbol of Buddhism. Copyright © 1962, 1972, 2005 by BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI Any part of this book may be quoted without permission. We only ask that Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai, Tokyo, be credited and that a copy of the publication sent to us. Thank you. BUKKYO DENDO KYOKAI (Society for the Promotion of Buddhism) 3-14, Shiba 4-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 108-0014 Phone: (03) 3455-5851 Fax: (03) 3798-2758 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.bdk.or.jp Four hundred & seventy-second Printing, 2019 Free Distribution. NOT for sale Printed Only for India and Nepal. Printed by Kosaido Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan Buddha’s Wisdom is broad as the ocean and His Spirit is full of great Compassion. Buddha has no form but manifests Himself in Exquisiteness and leads us with His whole heart of Compassion. -
A GUIDE to HBS Part II
A GUIDE TO HBS Part II The Teachings and Practices of Honmon Butsuryu Shu By Rev. Nisso R. Fukuoka 2015 Honmon Butsuryu Shu Public Relations Bureau This book contains a collection of various articles (on the Lotus Sutra, Nichiren Buddhism, HBS etc.) as well as a record of question answers session etc. These articles were written over a period of several years. I wish to express my gratitude to Bernord Farrell, who kindly assisted in revising my articles in English with his ample knowledge of English. A GUIDE TO HBS PART II 1. The Lotus Sutra—The Most Worshipped Sutra. 4 2. What Is Buddhism? What Is The Lotus Sutra? 9 3. Division of Religious Groups in Japan 15 4. Four Sourses of Suffering Maxim 17 5. An Explanation of Descriptions in the Lotus Sutra 21 6. The Differences Between SGI (Soka Gakai)and HBS (Honmon Butsuryu Shu) 26 7. Does HBS have precepts? 29 8. The Odaimoku—NamuMyohoRengekyo 31 9. Is The Odaimoku Japanese? 33 10. Why HBS displays the statue of Nichiren Shonin in front of the Gohonzon 35 11. The Three Treasures—Sanbo 36 12. Kanjo Mon 39 13. The Gohonzon (The Object of worship) of HBS 41 14. Oko (Gathering of Members for Religious Service) 44 15. Chant the Odaimoku With Your Prayer Wholeheartedly 46 16. The Genealogy of HBS I 49 17. The Genealogy of HBS II 53 18. The Genealogy of HBS III 57 19. The Genealogy of HBS IV 66 20. Honmon Butsuryu Shu (HBS) 72 21. LIFE (INOCHI) 75 1 The Lotus Sutra—The Most Worshipped Sutra The King of Sutra—The Lotus Sutra hapter 16 of the Lotus Sutra, The Lifespan of the Eternal Buddha, elucidated that Shakamuni Buddha, the historical Buddha, who appeared in India stated: "My good sons, I became Buddha in the very far distant past and it has been countless, millions of nayutas of kalpas since CI, in fact, attained Buddhahood. -
Nihontō Compendium
Markus Sesko NIHONTŌ COMPENDIUM © 2015 Markus Sesko – 1 – Contents Characters used in sword signatures 3 The nengō Eras 39 The Chinese Sexagenary cycle and the corresponding years 45 The old Lunar Months 51 Other terms that can be found in datings 55 The Provinces along the Main Roads 57 Map of the old provinces of Japan 59 Sayagaki, hakogaki, and origami signatures 60 List of wazamono 70 List of honorary title bearing swordsmiths 75 – 2 – CHARACTERS USED IN SWORD SIGNATURES The following is a list of many characters you will find on a Japanese sword. The list does not contain every Japanese (on-yomi, 音読み) or Sino-Japanese (kun-yomi, 訓読み) reading of a character as its main focus is, as indicated, on sword context. Sorting takes place by the number of strokes and four different grades of cursive writing are presented. Voiced readings are pointed out in brackets. Uncommon readings that were chosen by a smith for a certain character are quoted in italics. 1 Stroke 一 一 一 一 Ichi, (voiced) Itt, Iss, Ipp, Kazu 乙 乙 乙 乙 Oto 2 Strokes 人 人 人 人 Hito 入 入 入 入 Iri, Nyū 卜 卜 卜 卜 Boku 力 力 力 力 Chika 十 十 十 十 Jū, Michi, Mitsu 刀 刀 刀 刀 Tō 又 又 又 又 Mata 八 八 八 八 Hachi – 3 – 3 Strokes 三 三 三 三 Mitsu, San 工 工 工 工 Kō 口 口 口 口 Aki 久 久 久 久 Hisa, Kyū, Ku 山 山 山 山 Yama, Taka 氏 氏 氏 氏 Uji 円 円 円 円 Maru, En, Kazu (unsimplified 圓 13 str.) 也 也 也 也 Nari 之 之 之 之 Yuki, Kore 大 大 大 大 Ō, Dai, Hiro 小 小 小 小 Ko 上 上 上 上 Kami, Taka, Jō 下 下 下 下 Shimo, Shita, Moto 丸 丸 丸 丸 Maru 女 女 女 女 Yoshi, Taka 及 及 及 及 Chika 子 子 子 子 Shi 千 千 千 千 Sen, Kazu, Chi 才 才 才 才 Toshi 与 与 与 与 Yo (unsimplified 與 13