PEST MANAGEMENT DECISION GUIDE: GREEN AND YELLOW LIST Control of physalodes in Maize Nicandra physaloides Chinese lantern, apple of (English), Gheraccia (Tigrigna) Prevention Monitoring Direct Control Direct Control Restrictions

l Clean farm tools and machines after leaving an l Regular surveillance of crop l Dig, hand pull or hoe l Use of chemical herbicides may lead to the infested area to reduce the risk of spread land to identify and remove all out before set or development of herbicide resistance. l Plough the field to expose weed to the Nicandra throughout the cut the plants when the sun and predators and/or to bury weed seeds cropping season soil is moist to facilitate l When using a pesticide, always wear protective clothing and follow the instructions on the below their germination zone l Check fields for infestation of uprooting, or till the soil Close-up of (Photo by: when weeds are at product label, such as dosage, timing of l Remove weeds before seed setting to avoid Nicandra during fallow period, Sheldon Navie, http:// before planting and after seedling stage application, and pre-harvest interval. keys.lucidcentral.org). seed addition to the soil planting of maize in order to l To dispose of pulled l Apply pre-emergence l WHO class II l Only use certified seed to avoid introduction determine control methodes weed, if seed has not herbicide Pendimethalin (moderately through contamination that best suit time and scale of set, add to a compost (3.05 L product/ha); apply hazardous) l Apply fertilizer within the crop rows to promote infestion heap. If seed has set, uniformly to the soil within 2 better crop growth ensure pulled weed is l Critical period of weed days of sowing l Rotate maize with pulse crops to reduce weed competition in maize 3 - 7 buried to least 60 cm pressure weeks after emergence of l Apply 2,4-D 720g/L a.i l WHO class II l Consider application of a pre-emergence maize (1-1.5 L product/ha) 2-3 (moderately herbicide if the weed was present in the weeks after crop hazardous) Stem and lower (Photo by emergence Sheldon Navie http:// preceding year keys.lucidcentral.org).

Ethiopia CREATED/UPDATED: February 2016 AUTHOR(S): Taye T., Frehiwot S. and Amare F. EDITED BY: Plantwise

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