Nicandra Physalodes

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FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS Created in Ethiopia, February 2016 www.plantwise.org Nicandra physalodes Recognize the problem Nicandra physalodes with characteristic “Chinese latern” fruit. Family: Solanaceae (nightshade family). (Photo by Forest and Kim Starr, Flickr.) Common names: Chinese lantern, apple of Peru. Tigrigna: Gheraccia. An annual shrub (up to 1 m high and spreading up to 1 m wide); stems are extensively branched, hollow, heavily ribbed, soft, smooth and without hairs. Leaves: Mid-green, 6 to 25 cm long and 2.5 to 18 cm wide, toothed and waved with irregular, shallow or deeply lobed margins. Flowers: Bell-shaped (5 cm), commonly pale blue and white, but can be violet or white; flowers are short-lived, opening for only a few hours each day. Mature fruit with seeds. (Photo by Fruits: Cherry-like, green-brown berries (1 to 1.5 cm in diameter) are encased Forest and Kim Starr, Flickr. ) within green or black-mottled papery cover and contain numerous seeds; mature fruits can resembles a Chinese lantern. Seeds: Flattened, 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter, light brown and pitted. Background Origin: western South America (Peru). Introduction: As ornamental garden plant. It is also known to have medicinal and insecticidal properties. Habitat: Colonises bare, degraded and cultivated areas. Spread: By seed. Seeds are a contaminant of grass and legume seed crops grown in East Africa. Invades: Crops, disturbed sites, waste areas, roadsides, gardens, riparian zones (banks of watercourses) and forest margins. Impacts: A competitor for light against many crops due to its rapid growth and canopy formation. Cotton is critically damaged if this weed is allowed to remain for more than two weeks after germination of the crop. Populations as low as 4.7 plants/m² have reduced maize yields by about 35% and can impede harvesting of the crop. Scientific name(s) > Nicandra physalodes The recommendations in this factsheet are relevant to: All Countries Authors: CABI. Edited by T. Taye, S. Frehiwot, F. Amare Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Adis Ababa; Ambo Edited by Plantwise University, Ambo tel: +251-911893407 email: [email protected] Plantwise is a global initiative led by CABI Lose Less, Feed More 099En.

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