PEST MANAGEMENT DECISION GUIDE: GREEN AND YELLOW LIST Control of Nicandra physalodes in Maize Nicandra physaloides Chinese lantern, apple of Peru (English), Gheraccia (Tigrigna) Prevention Monitoring Direct Control Direct Control Restrictions l Clean farm tools and machines after leaving an l Regular surveillance of crop l Dig, hand pull or hoe l Use of chemical herbicides may lead to the infested area to reduce the risk of spread land to identify and remove all out before seed set or development of herbicide resistance. l Plough the field to expose weed seeds to the Nicandra plants throughout the cut the plants when the sun and predators and/or to bury weed seeds cropping season soil is moist to facilitate l When using a pesticide, always wear protective clothing and follow the instructions on the below their germination zone l Check fields for infestation of uprooting, or till the soil Close-up of flower (Photo by: when weeds are at product label, such as dosage, timing of l Remove weeds before seed setting to avoid Nicandra during fallow period, Sheldon Navie, http:// before planting and after seedling stage application, and pre-harvest interval. keys.lucidcentral.org). seed addition to the soil planting of maize in order to l To dispose of pulled l Apply pre-emergence l WHO class II l Only use certified seed to avoid introduction determine control methodes weed, if seed has not herbicide Pendimethalin (moderately through contamination that best suit time and scale of set, add to a compost (3.05 L product/ha); apply hazardous) l Apply fertilizer within the crop rows to promote infestion heap. If seed has set, uniformly to the soil within 2 better crop growth ensure pulled weed is l Critical period of weed days of sowing l Rotate maize with pulse crops to reduce weed competition in maize 3 - 7 buried to least 60 cm pressure weeks after emergence of l Apply 2,4-D 720g/L a.i l WHO class II l Consider application of a pre-emergence maize (1-1.5 L product/ha) 2-3 (moderately herbicide if the weed was present in the weeks after crop hazardous) Stem and lower leaf (Photo by emergence Sheldon Navie http:// preceding year keys.lucidcentral.org). Ethiopia CREATED/UPDATED: February 2016 AUTHOR(S): Taye T., Frehiwot S. and Amare F. EDITED BY: Plantwise LOSE LESS, FEED MORE Plantwise is a CABI-led global initiative www.plantwise.org.