Проблеми вищої школи

International journal of endocrinology /Problems in the system of higher education/

УДК 81’373.46: 616.43/45 DOI: 10.22141/2224-0721.13.2.2017.100613 Bytsko N.I., Pavlovich L.B., Bilous I.I., Semenko I.V. Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University”, Chernivtsi, Ukraine Linguistic aspects of eponymic professional endocrinologic terminology

For cite: Mezhdunarodnyi Endokrinologicheskii Zhurnal. 2017;13:203-8. doi: 10.22141/2224-0721.13.2.2017.100613

Abstarct. Background. Special linguistic researches of terminological units of different branches of medicine allow analyzing in details the ways of creating the systems of clinical terminology from different aspects: historical, scientific, cultural, linguistic and semantic. There is a wide area of terminology related to the clinical and experi- mental endocrino­logy within general medical terminological system. The purpose of the study: to demonstrate the structure of endocrine medical terms — eponyms through the prism of systematization of methodological research- es on eponymic vocabulary. Materials and methods. The actual material received as a result of a total choice of eponyms (there were 296 terms) from the “Reference dictionary for endocrinologist”, which was composed by the scientists of V. Danilevsky Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems and Kharkiv Medical Academy of Post- graduate education — A.V. Kozakov, N.A. Kravchun, I.M. Ilyina, M.I. Zubko, O.A. Goncharova, I.V. Cherniavska has 10,000 endocrine terms, the authors successfully streamlined medical terms of the clinical and experimental endocrinology into the vocabulary. The method of total choice of terms from professional literature, the descriptive method and distributive method were used in the study that allowed distinguishing lexical and semantic features of eponymic terms in the branch of endocrinology. Results. The obtained results point out to the modernity of studies in the field of clinical and experimental endocrinology, which is due to the fact that this is the oldest terminology, by the example of which it is possible to trace the ways of formation, development and improvement of terms, the realization of semantic processes, certain trends, ways and means of word formation. Conclusions. The results of the research on the above mentioned sublanguage of clinical medicine at the level of linguistic observations of the functio­ning in dictionaries and scientific works will not only highlight the linguistic aspects of professional medical terms, but also will help the linguists to master the etymology of professional terms. Keywords: linguistics; endocrinologic term; clinical terminology; onomastics; eponymic term

Introduction because as an independent branch, it began to exist in the Many modern onomastic researches display the late nineteenth century. opini­on about peculiarities of eponymic vocabulary, The accumulation of experience of numerous millen- which can be observed not only in the process of choos- nia as well as attracting animals’ glands for the medical ing the material for analyzing, but in phonetic, orpho- purposes influenced the formation of scientific endocri- epic, morphologic translation as well. Thus, taking into nology. The usage of animals’ organs was associated with account the specificity of the subject and the aims of the cult of animals that was widely spread in primitive so- Onomastics (Onomatology) as a branch of linguistics, ciety. According to the cult, the animals were considered as well as of all its aspects (Eponymics, Toponomactics, to be the patrons and guardians of people from different Anthroponomastics, Hydromatics еtс.), the topicality diseases. Thus, treatment of animals’ organs undoubtedly of the study is the determination of methodological fea- appeared at the time of antiquity. In the slave period the tures of eponymic onomatology. From this view, medi- idea of endocrine organs and their treatment was formed. cal terms — phrases that include proper names in the Such diseases as dwarfism, gigantism, hermaphroditism branch of clinical and experimental endocrinology were and others were associated with the work of endocrine chosen for the object of our research. Endocrinology is system and they were known during that period. The considered to be one of the young branches of medicine, first scientific works dedicated to the endocrine glands

© «International Journal of Endocrinology», 2017 © «Міжнародний ендокринологічний журнал», 2017 © Publisher Zaslavsky O.Yu., 2017 © Видавець Заславський О.Ю., 2017 For correspondence: Natalya Bytsko, Candidate of philological sciences, Senior lecturer at the Department of Foreign Languages, Higher State Educa- tional Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University”, Theatralna sq., 2, Chernivtsi, 58002, Ukraine; е-mail: [email protected] Для кореспонденції: Бицко Наталія Іванівна, кандидат філологічних наук, старший викладач кафедри іноземних мов, Вищий державний на- вчальний заклад України «Буковинський державний медичний університет», пл. Театральна, 2, м. Чернівці, 58002, Україна; е-mail: natali.888. [email protected]

Том 13, № 2, 2017 http://iej.zaslavsky.com.ua 203 Проблеми вищої школи /Problems in the system of higher education/ appeared at that time: in India Aretha Kappadokysky The purpose of the study is to show the methodologi- (I–II cent. B.C.) devoted his research work to the con- cal research of eponymic vocabulary and to consider the ditions of diabetic patients; in China, in the work “De- particular structure of medical terms — eponyms through scription of water and dry land” (770–220 years B.C.), the prism of systematization. the term goiter appeared for the first time. The disease was described as a result of drinking­ contaminated wa- Materials and methods ter, as well as the result of heavy psychoemotional expe- However, these two indicators are organically con- riences. It is interesting to know that, at that time, the nected and separate them is impossible. Famous linguist main medicine for such disease was seaweed (algae). In O.V. Superanska notes that “it is difficult to separate the India (2000 B.C.) the disease got the name goiter (“hala- method and the reception and identify the hierarchy of handa”), the description of which was found in Indian methods” [12, p. 193]. In medical terminology along with religious books. In Ebers Papyrus (XVI century B.C.) the common names (from Latin: nomina aprelativa) are the instructions for the surgical treatment of goiter and widely used proper names (from Latin: nomina propria, the usage of medical salts of the Nile delta were given for English proper name). Onomatology or (Onomastics), the first time. Hippocrates (460–377 years B.C.) con- (from Greek Όνομαστική — “art of giving names”) — is sidered that poor quality drinking water was the cause a linguistic science which deals with a comprehensive of goiter. Such scientists as Vitruvius (in the first century study of proper vocabulary [8, p. 16]. B.C.), Pliny, Juvenal (in the I cent. A.D.); Ulpian (in From the point of our research, onyms are subdi- the II cent. B.C.); Celsius (25 B.C. — 45 A.D.), Galen vided into: 1) theoretical onomatology (which estab- (130–210 B.C.), dedicated their scientific works to the lishes the general laws of development and functioning problems of endocrine glands and they recommended of proper names); 2) descriptive onomatology (which surgery for the treatment of goiter by burning skinand depicts chara­cteristic features of proper names that is squeezing the content of cysts. Byzantine doctors Ae- carried out according regional or areal method, such tius Amidenus (VI cent. A.D.) and Paul Ehinskyy (in following features are analyzed in a particular region the XVII cent. A.D.) recommended sea water for the or spread throughout all over the territory; 3) applied treatment of goiter. In the era of formation of capital- onomatology (that determines the form, accent, pro- ist relations in Western Europe (in the XVI–XVII cent.) nunciation, transcription, spelling, conjugation of during the growth and development of techno­logy and eponyms, different models of their formation such as culture huge changes in science were observed. Medicine patronymic names, names of residents in the commu- was enriched with new scientific knowledge about the nity, toponyms, etc. [14, p. 11]. Each part of onomatol- anatomy of the endocrine glands (the works of Vesalius, ogy has its own principles of for­ming terms in different Kasseriya, Wharton, Yevstahiya, Bartolini et al.), that al- branches of science. Proper names in medical termi- lowed scientists to get closer to the study of the functions nology are related to linguistic term eponymy (from of the glands and their treatment. At this time the world Greek Epōnymos — “the one that gives the name, a saw such scientific works as: the works of Swiss physi- person on behalf of whom the name originates ortakes cian Paracelsus (1493–1541), where the scientist made place”) [6, 13]. Eponymicsis considered to be a lin- the first discovery in diagnosing of goiter, the causes of guistic discipline, because linguistics — is “the key to its appearance and the links with neurology­ diseases; the consideration and understanding of thenominal infor- medical research made by British doctor Willis (1622– mation” [3, p. 5]. In general, in linguistics metonymic 1678), where the impact of the goiter on the body was hyphenation is the mechanism of eponymic terms for- analyzed. In the XVIII–XIX centuries, when there a mation [9, p. 80–83]. Russian scholar — lexicographer brisk and rapid development of science and technology L.V. Xiltouched these questions while analyzing opera- was observed, numerous discoveries appeared in various tive — surgical terminology [4, p. 11–12]. Ukrainian branches of medicine. Endocrinology did not stand aside linguist P.I. Stetsyuk [11] paid much attention to ep- from the development of endocrine diseases. Exactly this onymic terms in cardiologic terminology. M.V. Dmi- historical period of time was considered to be the time truk [1], while analyzing veterinary terminology, paid of scientific establishment of clinical and experimental much attention to author’s copyright names. Scientists endocrinology. Scientists proved that endocrinologic observe interesting researches on individual subsystems problems had relationship with almost all the branches of medical terminology, such as: Forensic medical ter- of medicine, but most of all they were related with Car- minology was analyzed by Т. Lepekha, Dermatologic diology, Oncology, Ophthalmo­logy, Gastroenterology, terminology was analyzed by О. Petrova; terms of Ra- Nephrology, Urology, Neuro­logy, and Gynecology [10, diological medicine were analyzed by I. Korneyko and p. 8]; [2, p. 3]. Thus, every historical period of develop- others. But all the researchers came to a conclusion that ment of endocrinology is accompanied by a large num- the usage of eponyms in the scientific literature makes ber of prominent surnames of doctors who devoted their the text more concise and vivid. research to the development of the above mentioned The study of eponyms by modern, “especially young medicine. The historical background references in this scientists, allows to learn the history of the science direction help in onomastic researches in depicting ep- deeper, to understand the roots on which modern mor- onymic endocrine terms. The choice of methods and phological sciences are based” [9, p. 5]. Experienced techniques in eponymic onomastic research depends on doctors — experts, scientists in the field of morphology the object and tasks set by scientists at work. composereference — dictionaries, where terms — epo­

204 Міжнародний ендокринологічний журнал, p-ISSN 2224-0721, e-ISSN 2307-1427 Том 13, № 2, 2017 Проблеми вищої школи /Problems in the system of higher education/ nyms are used. It is clear that such dictionaries are of clinical name is “hypocortisolism”. This pathological great need for medical students, because they are lack condition was first described by British physician Thom- in Ukraine. It should be noted that nowadays there is as Addison (1855); Burnett’s syndrome is another name no comprehensive lexical research devoted to etymo- of “milk-alkaline syndrome”. For the first time this logical analysis of endocrinological medico-clinical term was described by an American doctor S.N. Bur- terminology. However, a complete list of clinical and nett (1901–1967); Wolfram syndrome is another name experimental terms are presented in the “Glossary- of synonymous DIDMOAD syndrome: the abbreviation Dictionary for endocrinologist” (“Reference diction- is composed of the first letters of the main manifesta- ary for endocrinologist”), which was composed by the tions of the syndrome (Diabetes, Insipidus, Diabetes — scientists of Institute of Endocrine Pathology Prob- Mellius, Optic atrophy, Deafness). This syndrome was lems, named after V. Danilevskiy and Kharkiv Medical described for the first time by an American doctor D.J. Academy of Postgraduate education by A.V. Kazakov, Wolfram; Kylin syndrome is another name for “anorexia N.A. Kravchun, I.M. Ilyina, M.I. Zubko, O.A. Gon- nervosa” — a disease that relates to progressive loss of charova, I.V. Cherniavska has 10,000 endocrine terms, body weight, which leads to dysfunction of the endo- where the authors successfully streamlined medical crine system. The name comes from the name of Swed- terms of clinical and experimental endocrinology into ish scientist Eskil Kylin (1889–1975); Conn’s syndrome the vocabulary. The authors successfully streamlined or another name is “syndrome of primary aldosteron- medical terms of clinical and experimental endocrinol- ism” or (adenoma of renal cortex). For the first time ogy into the vocabulary. this syndrome was described by American endocrinolo- gist Jerome W. Conn (1907–1994); Leschke syndrome Results is another name for “dystrophy”, the inherited genetic So, the actual material that we have received as a endocrine disease. The name originates from the name result of a total choice of terms — eponyms (there were of German Gene­ral practitioner E.F.W. Leschke (1887– 296 terms) of the above “Reference dictionary for en- 1933), who first discovered this disease; Lundbaek syn- docrinologist”, leads to the conclusion that these ter- drome is another name for “diabetic angiopathy”, the minological units may be found in different semantic name comes from the name of a Danish doctor Knud constructions. Regarding their productivity they are di- Lundbaek (1912); Melihov symptom is a specific view of vided into: the names of syndromes make up 69 %; the the patient, which is observed in goiter, due to contrac- names of symptoms make up 28 %. According to their tion of facial muscles. This condition was described by lexical structures the most spread are two component doctor P.G. Melikhov (1941), who dealt with problems terms, such as: (Aaze syndrome, Berry symptom, Wolf’s of hyperthyroidism and described 75 symptoms of the Straits) — make up 67 % of analyzed vocabulary; three disease; Raynaud’s symptom is a dermatologic disease of component terms (Debra Marie syndrome, Huns — Sa- the upper extremities with damage of small arteries and lus symptom, a symptom of Charcot — Marie) — make arterioles that is provoked by endocrinological risk fac- up 22 %; the less spread are four component terms, tor (disturbance in the work of thyroid gland). For the for example (Van Wick — Ross — Henesa syndrome, first time the disease was described in 1862 by French Morhanyi — Stewart — Morel syndrome, Pehkrentsa — physician Maurice Rayna­ud (Maurice A.G. Raynaud) Babinsky — Fröhlich syndrome) — make up 3 % of ana- (1834–1881); Hashimoto’s disease is the other name of lyzed terms. While speaking about syntactic models that “goiter Hashimoto”, inflammation of the thyroid gland. are used as terms — eponyms in medical terminology, in The disease was described 100 years ago, by Japanese sci- most cases, there are two versions of them: substantive entist Hashimoto etc. and attributive. Let us consider the etymology of endocrine eponymic The results of the total choice of endocrinologіс terms that consist of three or four terms in their structure: terms — eponyms allow us to conclude that the most Althauzen — Sorkyn syndrome (Althauzen method) — spread model of formation of terms is substantive A.J Althauzen and E.M. Sorkyn (1933) studied the early model: manifestations of the syndrome pre coma, another name for the disease is “hematorenal syndrom”; Wohlwill — thenoun (in Genitive case.), expressed by proprial term Andrade syndrome — for the first time this endocrino- + logical syndrome was described by German neurolo- thenoun (in Nominаtive case), expressed by an appellative term. gist Joachim Friedrich Wohlwill (1881–1958) in 1942. A detailed clinical description and analysis of etiology of So, let us focus more on examples of terminological the disease was done in 1952 by Portuguese neurologist verbalization in terminological system of Embryology Mario de Andrade Root (1906–2005); Achard — Thiers based on systematically — semasiological, onomatologi- syndrome — the synonym of the disease is “bearded wo­ cal, functional and communicative analysis. man syndrome”, which is associated with the disorders of The most spread area of terms — eponyms is in the the thyroid gland in women. In the name of the disease names of syndromes and symptoms, especially when they there are the names of two doctors, who described this have simple, binomial construction: (propriativ + appe- syndrome: French physician E.Ch. Achard (1860–1944) lative). and French neurologist J. Thiers (1885); Kearns — Sayre Let us consider the etymology of some of them: Ad- syndrome is a synonym for “pigment retinitis”, “complete dison’s syndrome is a chronic adrenal insufficiency, the heart block”, thus there is a combination of symptoms

Том 13, № 2, 2017 http://iej.zaslavsky.com.ua 205 Проблеми вищої школи /Problems in the system of higher education/ of the nervous and endocrine systems. The clinical pic- and had all the signs of endocrine disease as “hypersom- ture of the disease was examined and described in 1958 by nia”. The hero of the novel remained in medicine as a English physician Thomas P. Kearns and George Pome- classic example of Pickwick syndrome. The syndrome roy Sayre; Martin — Albright syndrome is a synonym for was analyzed and described for the first time by promi- “pseudohypothyroid syndrome”, a disease associated nent Canadian physician William Osler (1849–1919) in with disposing of tissue by thyroid hormones. In the name 1918 [5]. There are two opposite postpositions as for the of the disease we can find the names of two doctors: Swiss usage of eponymic formations in medical terminology in physician A. Martin and American doctor F. Albright different medical branches. (1900); Ghadimi — Partington — Hunter syndrome is another name for “Histudunemia”, in the name of the Discussion disease there are the names of doctors who first described Some scientists support the idea that it is better to the clinic of the disease: American pediatrician Hossein avoid the usage of terms — eponyms as proper names, Ghadimi (1922), Canadian pediatrician Michael W. because they do not bring any practical information, Partington (1926) and Canadian doctor Andrew Tate as they were created only to immortalize the names, Hunter (1927); De Toni — Fanconi — Debre syndrome is surnames of the researches that were involved into the a genetic disease, which is associated with enzyme defi- no­mination of terms. And that is why it is advisable to ciency of proximal tubules of the kidneys. The name of replace eponymic terms into qualification ones that di- the disease originates from the name of Italian pediatri- rectly reflect the essence of the term. cian G. de Toni (1895), French pediatrician A.R. Debre To the exceptions belong the names that were firmly (1882) and Swiss pediatrician G. Fanconi (1892); Mor- established for a long time in the medical terminol- gagni — Stewart — Morel syndrome is another name for ogy and from which the derived words were originated “frontal hyperostosis”, for the first time the disease was from. In such cases eponymic terms remain as equally described by Italian physician and anatomist G.V. Mor- sy­nonymic to qualification ones. gagni (1682–1771), English neurologist R.М. Stewart Thus, in our research we came across with many (ХХ cent.), Swiss psychiatrist F. Morel (1888–1957); names, where the phenomenon of synonymy, even on Lynch — Kaplan — Henn — Krush syndrome is a complex proprial level was considered. For example: hereditary abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipid- Bazedov disease is characterized by exophthalmia, emia, hypogonadism and others. In the name of the dis- goiter and tachycardia. As far as the etymology of the ease we can find the names of the doctors who described term is concerned, there is the evidence that in 1840 and analyzed the aforementioned syndrome, an American German physician Carl Bazedov in “Exophthalmos due physician and geneticist Henry T. Lynch (1928), Ameri- to hypertrophy of tissue cells in the eye sockets” first gave can geneticist and psychiatrist Arnold Raymond Kaplan a classic description of the disease, which he called “ex- (1926), American therapist Mary Josephine Henn (1919) ophthalmic сachexy”, and in most countries since that and American biologist Anne J. Krush; Pehkrants — time the disease is called Bazedov’s disease. However, in Babinsky — Fröhlich syndrome is a neuroendocrine the UK this disease is called Graves’ disease, in Italy — syndrome, another name is “adiposogenital dystrophy” Flayani disease (the names of doctors who were involved which is characterized by obesity. The name that came in this issue) [5, p. 16]. Grove syndrome was described to us in this form was given by a famous neurosurgeon by Doctor Al Jeremy Grove and his colleagues in 1978. Harvey Williams Cushing (Harvey Williams Cushing, However, there are other names of this endocrine di­ 1869–1939), who is considered to be the father of mod- sease, achalasia syndrome, addisonism — аlacrima syn- ern neurosurgery of the brain. He dedicated the name of drome or triple AAA. the disease to well known experts: Russian neurosurgeon In the name of the disease is seen the term “addiso­ Pehkrants, who studied this symptom in 1899, doctor- nism” which has eponymyc etymology and originates neurologist Joseph Babinsky (the research on the follow- from the name of the famous English physician Thomas ing topic was done in 1900) and the Austrian neurologist Addison (Thomas Addison) (1793–1860), who is consid- Alfred Fröhlich (the research was done in 1901) [5]. ered to be the father of modern endocrinology [5]. An- Having analyzed the following material, we came to other scientists’ opinionis that the usage of eponyms and the conclusion that the main notional meaning in epo­ the study of medical terms — eponyms by specialists will nymic medical terms belongs to common noun (ap- facilitate a deeper understanding of the evolution of clini- pellative name), but it is a proper name (eponym) that cal thinking, diagnosis, history of medicine, raises the in- supplements the medical term for some biographical in- tellectual level of the medical men, because the part of formation, the knowledge of which makes it possible to human history and culture is concentrated in them. reveal the etymology of complex medical terms in detail. As G.N. Toporov in the preface to his dictionary However, it should be noted that in the function of of eponymyc terms of clinical anatomy writes: “…The proprial name may be not only the surname of the scien- usage of anatomical terms, which include the names tist, but also a name of aliterary character. For example, or the names of the researchers, who first described the in Endocrinology, there is so called Pickwick syndrome, anatomical formation, promote better orientation in the the origin of which is rather interesting, because it is topographic anatomical location of organ or its planes… based on one of the characters ofthe novel “The Posthu- it is necessary for work with scientific literature, where mous Papers of the Pickwick Club” written by Charles the terms are indicated eponymycally, that is, without a Dickens in 1837. This literary character was overweight detailed explanation of meaning” [13, p. 3].

206 Міжнародний ендокринологічний журнал, p-ISSN 2224-0721, e-ISSN 2307-1427 Том 13, № 2, 2017 Проблеми вищої школи /Problems in the system of higher education/

Conclusions References Compound eponymic medical term of any character 1. Dmitruk MV. Formuvannja ukraїns’koї veterinarnoї demand sex act formulations and accuracy. leksiki [Formation of Ukrainian veterinary vocabulary[. Zapor- Having analyzed the research database of endocrine izhzhya; 2001. 20p. (in Ukrainian). terms, it was certified a close relationship of eponymics 2. Efimov AS, Skrobonskaya NA. Klinicheskaja diabetologija with other branches of linguistics such as: [Clinical diabetology]. Kyiv: Zdorovya; 1998. 320p. (in Ukrai- — Lexicology, where reveals the fact that onyms are nian). lexical units and they obey to the laws of their study; 3. Gorbanevskiy MV. V mire imjon i nazvanij [In the world of — derivatology (creation of proper names through names and appellations]. Moscow: Znanie; 1983. 192p. (in Rus- available ways and means of the language); sian). — morphology (common features of inflection in 4. Hil LV. Strukturno-semanticheskaja harakteristika russ- proprial and appellative units); koj operativno-hirurgicheskoj terminologii [Structural-semantyc — syntax (many nominations are of a syntactic struc- characteristic of Russianoperational and surgical terminology]. tures); Dnepropetrovsk: DGU; 1992. 16p. ( in Russian). — orthoepy and spelling (study features of pronun- 5. Kazakov AV, Kravchun NA, Ilyina IM. Slovar’-spravoch- ciation and spelling of onyms); nik jendokrinologa [Glossary for Endocrinologist]. Kharkiv; 2009. — stylistics (analysis of the use of proper names in dif- 380p. (in Russian). 6. Kunch ZY. Unіversal’nij slovnik ukraїns’koї movi [Ukrai- ferent styles of text); nian Universal Dictionary].Ternopil; 2005. 848p. (in Ukrainian). — lexicography (rules of completing onomastic dic- 7. Netlyuh MA. Ukraїns’ko-latins’kij anatomіchnij slovnik tionaries); [Ukrainian — Latin anatomical dictionary]. Lviv; 2000. 216p. (in — dialectology (usage of local forms of names); Ukrainian). — as well as bibliography and history of medicine and 8. Podolskaya NV. Slovar’ onomasticheskoj terminologii so on. [Onomastic terminological dictionary]. Moscow: Nauka; 1988. The proposed study has practical guidance and theo- 188p. (in Russian). retical studies, because there is a relationship with im- 9. Samusev RP, Goncharov NI. Jeponimy v morfologii: spra- portant scientific tasks today — the introduction of an vochnik [Eponyms in morphology: a handbook]. Moscow: Medit- official national terminology for general practitioners, sina; 2001. 352p. (in Russian). scientists of various specializations, in the learning pro- 10. Starkova NT. Klinicheskaja jendokrinologija [Clinical cess for the preparation of competent specialists in dif- endocrinology]. Saint-Petersburg: Piter; 2002. 576p. (in Russian). ferent morphological disciplines. 11. Stetsyuk RI. Ukraїns’ka kardіologіchna termіnologіja Thus, our study shows that the usage of common ono- (strukturno-semantichna harakteristika) [Ukrainian cardio- mastic principles, namely etymological, word — forma- logical terminology (structural-semantic charecteristics)] .Zapor- tive, lexical — semantic formation allow to disclose the izhzhya; 1998. 21p. (in Ukrainian). nature of the nominating of complex medical terms, 12. Superanskaya AV, Staltmane VY, Podolskaya NV, Sul- identify cross-language communication, and point out tanov AH. Teorija i metodika onomasticheskih issledovanij [The- the historical and anthroponimical character naming ter- ory and methods of onomastic research]. Moscow: Knizhnyy dom minological units containing their names to maximum. LIBROKOM; 2009. 256p. (in Russian). Despite of significant progress in solving this prob- 13. Toporov GN. Eponimicheskie terminy v klinicheskoj lematic issue, its solution still requires considerable sci- anatomii cheloveka: slovar’-spravochnik [Eponymic terms in hu- entific research of theoretical and practical study of the man clinical anatomy: a handbook]. Kyiv: Vishcha shkola; 1998. language material based on medical terms within the 160p. (in Ukrainian). eponymic area. 14. Torchinskiy MM. Structure of omonymic area in Ukrai- nian. Hmelnitskiy; 2008. 550p. (in Ukrainian). Conflict of interests. Authors declare the absence of conflict of interests in the preparation of the article. Received 20.03.2017

Бицко Н.І., Павлович Л.Б., Білоус І.І., Семенко І.В. ВДНЗ України «Буковинський державний медичний університет», м. Чернівці, Україна Лінгвістичні аспекти епонімічної фахової ендокринної термінології Резюме. Актуальність. Спеціальні лінгвістичні дослі- термінів-епонімів. Матеріали та методи. Методом то- дження термінологічних одиниць різних медичних спеці- тальної вибірки для проведення лінгвістичного спосте- альностей дозволяють детально простежити шляхи фор- реження нами було виявлено 296 вербальних одиниць мування системи клінічної термінології з урахуванням зі «Словника-довідника ендокринолога», розробленого різних аспектів: історичних, наукових, культурологічних співробітниками ДУ «Інститут проблем ендокринної па- та лінгвосемантичних. У системі загальномедичної тер- тології ім. В.Я. Данилевського НАМН України» та Харків- мінології існує розгалужена сфера клінічної термінології, ської медичної академії післядипломної освіти О.В. Коза- що стосується клінічної та експериментальної ендокрино- ковим, Н.О. Кравчун, І.М. Ільїною, М.І. Зубко, О.А. Гон- логії. Мета дослідження: продемонструвати через призму чаровою, І.В. Чернявською, що нараховує 10 000 ендокри- систематизації методологічних досліджень епонімічної нологічних термінів. У процесі дослідження використано лексики особливості структури ендокринних медичних метод суцільної вибірки термінів із фахової літератури,

Том 13, № 2, 2017 http://iej.zaslavsky.com.ua 207 Проблеми вищої школи /Problems in the system of higher education/

описовий та дистрибутивний методи, що дозволили ви- кож функціонування цих методів саме в галузі медици- окремити лексико-семантичні особливості епонімічних ни. Висновки. Дослідження клінічної термінології на рівні термінів у галузі ендокринології. Результати. Отримані лінгвістичного спостереження функціонування в словни- результати вказують на сучасність досліджень у галузі клі- ках та наукових працях не лише дозволяють виокремити нічної та експериментальної ендокринології, зумовлених лінгвістичні аспекти фахових термінів, але й допомагають тим, що це найдавніша термінологія, на прикладі якої фахівцям цієї галузі медицини досконало володіти етимо- можна простежити шляхи становлення, розвитку та вдо- логією спеціалізованих термінів. сконалення термінів, реалізацію семантичних процесів, Ключові слова: лінгвістика; ендокринний термін; клі- певні тенденції, способи і методи словотворення, а та- нічна термінологія; ономастика; епонімічний термін

Быцко Н.И., Павлович Л.Б., Билоус И.И., Семенко И.В. ВГУЗ Украины «Буковинский государственный медицинский университет», г. Черновцы, Украина Лингвистические аспекты эпонимической профессиональной эндокринологической терминологии Резюме. Актуальность. Специальные лингвистические тод сплошной выборки терминов из профессиональной исследования терминологических единиц разных меди- литературы, описательный и дистрибутивный методы, цинских специальностей позволяют детально проанали- которые позволили выделить лексико-семантические зировать пути формирования систем клинической тер- особенности эпонимической терминологии в области минологии с учетом различных аспектов: исторических, эндокринологии. Результаты. Полученные результаты научных, культурологических и лингвосемантических. подтверждают современность лингвистических исследо- В системе общей медицинской терминологии достаточно ваний в области клинической и экспериментальной эн- распространена разветвленная сфера терминов, которая докринологии, обусловленных тем, что это древнейшая касается клинической и экспериментальной эндокрино- терминология, на примере которой можно проследить логии. Цель работы: продемонстрировать через призму пути становления, развития и усовершенствования тер- систематизации методологических исследований эпо- минов, реализацию семантических процессов, опреде- нимической лексики особенности эндокринологических ленные тенденции, способы и методы словообразования, терминов-эпонимов. Материалы и методы. Методом а также функционирование этих методов именно в сфере тотальной выборки для проведения лингвистических ис- медицины. Заключение. Исследования эндокринологиче- следований нами было проанализировано 296 вербаль- ской терминологии на уровне лингвистических наблю- ных единиц из «Словаря-справочника эндокринолога», дений функционирования в словарях и научных трудах составленного сотрудниками ГУ «Институт проблем не только позволяют выделить лингвистические аспекты эндокринной патологии им. В.Я. Данилевского НАМН профессиональных терминов, но и помогают специали- Украины» и Харьковской медицинской академии после- стам этой области медицины в совершенстве владеть эти- дипломного образования А.В. Козаковым, Н.А. Кравчун, мологией специализированных терминов. И.М. Ильиной, М.И. Зубко, О.А. Гончаровой, И.В. Чер- Ключевые слова: лингвистика; эндокринологический нявской, который включает 10 000 эндокринологических термин; клиническая терминология; ономастика; эпони- терминов. В процессе исследования использованы: ме- мический термин

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