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Science of Sport: Sailing Can you adjust the sails to make the boats follow the tracks? Do - Think - Learn Move the sails so that the boats follow the tracks. What did you have to do to make the boats follow the tracks? Were you successful? The Science Bit The physics of sailing involves the interaction of the wind and sails and the interaction of the water and keel. To propel a sailing boat the force of the wind needs to be deflected, resulting in the boat travelling in the desired direction and not capsizing. The sails act as aerofoils which deflect the flow of the wind. The keel of the boat stops the boat moving sideways by pushing on the water. Sails propel the boat in one of two ways: 1. When the boat is going in the direction of the wind (i.e. downwind) the sails may be set merely to trap the air as it flows by. The wind pushes on the sail propelling the boat forwards. 2. When sailing towards the wind (upwind) the sails act as aerofoils to propel the boat by redirecting the wind coming in from the side and pushing it towards the rear. By Newton’s 3rd law (action and reaction are equal and opposite) the boat is pushed forwards. Also as the wind flows over the sail, the pressure difference generated by the shape of the sail results in forces on sails including drag and lift. Curriculum Links Forces Identify the effects of air resistance, water resistance and friction that act between moving surfaces Forces and Motion Forces being needed to cause objects to stop or start moving, or to change their speed or direction of motion .

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Safety and Rescue
SAFETY AND RESCUE Ventilation and Fueling everyone on your boat knows the location of the fire the tide changes direction is known as “slack water.” extinguisher and its use. Operation of a fire extinguish- “High tide” is the highest level a tide reaches during Gasoline fumes are heavier than air and will er is rather simple. Just remember PASS. ascending waters, and “low tide” is the lowest level a settle to the lowest part of the boat’s interior hull, tide reaches during descending waters. the bilge. All motorboats, except open boats, must The tidal cycle is the high tide followed approxi- have at least two ventilator ducts with cowls (intake Running Aground mately 6 hours later by low tide (two highs and two and exhaust). Exhaust blowers are part of most boat Keep a sharp lookout when traveling on waters lows per day). The tidal range is the vertical distance ventilation systems. Permanently installed fuel that have shallow areas to avoid running aground. between high and low tides. The tidal range varies tanks must be vented. Navigational charts, buoys, and depth finders can from 1 to 11 feet in Pennsylvania on the Delaware Most boat explosions occur from improper fuel- assist in this task. If you run aground and the impact River. Boaters should consult tide tables for times of ing. Portable gas tanks should be filled on the dock does not appear to cause a leak, follow these steps to high and low tides. or pier, not on board. The vent on the tank should refloat the boat: be closed and the gas pumped carefully, maintain- • Do not put the boat in reverse.
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SAFETY PRACTICES a BASIC GUIDE Adopted January 2002 Amended October 2014
INTERSCHOLASTIC SAILING ASSOCIATION SAFETY PRACTICES A BASIC GUIDE Adopted January 2002 Amended October 2014 Special thanks to our sister organization, the Intercollegiate Sailing Association of North America, for allowing us to use this Safety Guide, modeled after their own. TABLE OF CONTENTS General Safety Practices ..................................................... 1 Personal Equipment ............................................................ 2 Personal Training ................................................................ 4 Capsizes ............................................................................... 4 Safety Boats ........................................................................ 5 Safety Boat Crew Training ................................................... 6 Head Injury Awareness ....................................................... 9 References .......................................................................... 9 Foreword: Interscholastic (high school) sailing requires competitors to be safety conscious. It is our obligation to maintain the positive safety record that Interscholastic Sailing Association has enjoyed over the past 85 years. This is a BASIC GUIDE for Member Schools and District Associations to follow in regard to SAFETY PRACTICES during regattas, and instructional and recreational sailing. George H. Griswold As amended by Bill Campbell for ISSA 1. GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES You sail because you enjoy it. In order to enhance and guarantee your enjoyment, there are a number of general
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Know About Boating Before You Go Floating
Know About Boating Before You Go Floating KEY TERMS All-around white light: Navigation light that Gunwale: Upper edge of a boat’s side. is visible in all directions around the boat from Hull: The main body of a boat. 2 miles away. Port: The left side of a boat. Bow: The front part of a boat. Propeller: A device with two or more blades Buoy: An object that floats on the water in that turn quickly and cause a boat to move. a bay, river, lake or other body of water and Sidelights: Red (port side) and green provides information to boats. (starboard side) navigation lights on a boat, Capsize: To turn a craft upside down in visible from 1 mile away. the water. Skipper: The person who commands a boat. Cleat: A wooden or metal fitting on the deck Starboard: The right side of a boat. of a boat. It has two projecting horns around which a rope or line may be tied. Stern: The back part of a boat. OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, students will be able to: zz Name the main parts of a boat. zz Explain some boating terms. zz Describe some important safety equipment that should be on a boat. zz Demonstrate putting on a life jacket. zz Explain how to board a boat. zz Understand how to balance a boat. zz Explain what to do if a boat capsizes (turns over). MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES zz Poster: Know About Boating Before You Go Floating zz Several Type II and/or Type III life jackets (in the various sizes that would fit the students) zz Mat or tape to create outline of boat zz Chairs (6) zz Watch or clock with a second hand zz Crayons, markers
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J/22 Sailing MANUAL
J/22 Sailing MANUAL UCI SAILING PROGRAM Written by: Joyce Ibbetson Robert Koll Mary Thornton David Camerini Illustrations by: Sally Valarine and Knowlton Shore Copyright 2013 All Rights Reserved UCI J/22 Sailing Manual 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the J/22 ......................................................... 3 How to use this manual ..................................................................... Background Information .................................................................... Getting to Know Your Boat ................................................................ Preparation and Rigging ..................................................................... 2. Sailing Well .......................................................................... 17 Points of Sail ....................................................................................... Skipper Responsibility ........................................................................ Basics of Sail Trim ............................................................................... Sailing Maneuvers .............................................................................. Sail Shape ........................................................................................... Understanding the Wind.................................................................... Weather and Lee Helm ...................................................................... Heavy Weather Sailing ......................................................................
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Full-Scale Ship Collision, Grounding and Sinking Simulation Using Highly Advanced M&S System of FSI Analysis Technique
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 173 ( 2017 ) 1507 – 1514 11th International Symposium on Plasticity and Impact Mechanics, Implast 2016 Full-Scale Ship Collision, Grounding and Sinking Simulation using Highly Advanced M&S System of FSI Analysis Technique Sang-Gab Leea*, Jae-Seok Leeb, Hwan-Soo Leeb, Ji-Hoon Parkb and Tae-Young Jungb a Professor & a President, b Graduate Student, Division of Naval Architecture and Ocean Systems Engineering, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Marine Safety Technology, 727 Taejong-Ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan, 49112, Korea Abstract To ensure an accurate and reasonable investigation of marine accident causes, full-scale ship collision, grounding, flooding, capsizing, and sinking simulations would be the best approach using highly advanced Modeling & Simulation (M&S) system of Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis technique of hydrocode LS-DYNA. The objective of this paper is to present the findings from full-scale ship collision, grounding, flooding, capsizing, and sinking simulations of marine accidents, and to demonstrate the feasibility of the scientific investigation of marine accident causes and for the systematic reproduction of accident damage procedure. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of Implast 2016. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of Implast 2016 Keywords: Highly Advanced Modeling & Simulation (M&S) System; Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Analysis Technique; Full-Scale Ship Collision, Grounding, Flooding, Capsizing and Sinking Simulations; LS-DYNA code.
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Lesson from Saturday = Be Big and Hike Till It Hurts, Then Hike Harder
Week 6: Lesson from Saturday = be big and hike till it hurts, then hike harder First of all, thank you to Andrew Scrivan for breaking your top section and thank you to Steve Fisk for giving him a leaky boat to use after that. Also thank you to Mike Matan for capsizing at the gybe mark in race 5. These are just a few of the many pieces had to fall in to place for my result to end up as well as it did. There were a lot of fast boats out there and most people had a very consistent day, making for plenty of excitement and close racing. I don't think anyone was upset by the postponement before racing, so good job to the race committee for keeping us out of the rain, which would have made it uncomfortable, and keeping us out of the lightning, which would have been unsafe. The breeze followed the forecast of blowing hard all morning and then picking up even more in the afternoon. Courses were another plus for the race committee. Perfect length and many fun (and stable) reaches, along with the weather mark being sheltered by the island to allow us to take a deep breath before being drowned in spray on the reaches. Thanks again. Now on to the sailing. In addition to being a tall person and incredibly fit, sail controls were exceptionally important. Before the first race, I pulled my outhaul until the hook that attaches it to the sail was touching the eye on the boom.
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Final Section Demonstrates the Actual Application of the System to an On-Water Trial
Journal of Sailing Technology, Article 2017-02. © 2017, The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. DEVELOPMENT OF A SAILING-SPECIFIC POSE CAPTURE METHOD TO MEASURE DYNAMIC SAILOR LOADINGS J. C. Taylor; J. Banks; D. Taunton; S. R. Turnock; D. Hudson Fluid Structure Interactions Group, University of Southampton Manuscript received January 23, 2017; revision received April 6, 2017; accepted April 29, 2017. Abstract: Research into the dynamics of sailing vessels, most notably yachts, has led to the development of sophisticated models including the unsteady aero and hydrodynamics Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/jst/article-pdf/2/01/1/2205407/sname-jst-2017-02.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 and even sailor's tactics. However, the time-varying loadings caused by a sailor’s motions have typically been neglected in velocity prediction programs (VPPs). When applied to the assessment of sailing dinghy performance, the position and motions of the crew are significant but impractical to measure mechanically. A sailing-specific pose capture method to determine the sailor loadings using orientation sensors and a model of the sailor’s mass distribution is presented. The accuracy of the hiking moment estimate was evaluated using laboratory-based measurements. The estimated hiking moment exhibits excellent dynamic tracking of the measured moment. The method is used to measure on- water hiking moment for the first time and the results are discussed. The proposed method provides a platform to analyze and model how sailor-generated forces interact with the sailboat to affect boat speed. This can be used alongside realistic modelling of the wind and wave loadings to extend existing time-domain dynamic velocity prediction programs (DVPPs).
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SAFETY at SEA! ! Kayaks, Canoes, Sailboards, Inboards, Outboards
SAFETY AT SEA! ! Kayaks, canoes, sailboards, inboards, outboards. Whatever the craft, whatever the size, boating is one of the more popular forms of recreation in Texas. Unfortunately, some people become so involved in having fun that they are unable to recognize the dangers !around them.! While safety practices naturally vary with the type of craft used, there are some general !rules to remember.! Wear a life jacket. Many non-swimmers wear a life jacket when they are in the water, but neglect to put one on while riding in a boat. Statistics show that people drown each !year from falling into the water accidentally.! Don’t ride in an overloaded boat. Too many people or too much equipment makes a boat ride lower in the water, where it can easily take on water and sink. This is especially true if the water gats a bit rough. Many inboard/outboard manufacturers put a plate on the boat’s transom that shows the recommended weight capacity in number of !persons as well as in number of pounds for people, motor, fuel and gear.! Use the right size motor. Too much power can damage your boat or even swamp it. The !metal plate on the boat’s transom shows the recommended maximum horsepower.! Don’t ride on the bow of the boat. Those who ride in this dangerous location can be thrown into the water accidentally. Sitting on the sides of the boat is just as dangerous !because any sudden lurch could toss you overboard.! Avoid sharp turns. These are hard both on equipment and on people.
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“J I B E” September-October 2006 the Newsletter of the TREASURE ISLAND YACHT CLUB, Inc
“J I B E” September-October 2006 The Newsletter of the TREASURE ISLAND YACHT CLUB, Inc. San Francisco, California Vol. 05/06 . Wil served for many years as our Club's very competent Treasurer. He always offered his sage advice and encouragement to the Bridge and Board members. Loved by all, he will be greatly missed. Burial at Sea Ceremony, George C. Knies Wil Debrunner, September 23, 2006 (All standing if possible, uncovered!) You don’t get to chose how you are going to Wil DeBrunner Internment die or when….. You can only decide how Earl Ansley you’re going to live. “Wil lived a full and .. productive life to the end, practicing his At the request of his family, Wil vocation with pride and excellence. He was a devoted husband, father, grandfather, and DeBrunner's ashes were scattered on the a loyal honest friend to those who shared his Pacific Ocean Saturday, September 23rd. life. He relieved me as Treasurer, Treasure Three TIYC boats accompanied our beloved Island Yacht Club in 1991, serving these Treasurer's final voyage. past fifteen years with a dedication and Shown above, is Commodore Fred patience beyond the call of duty. He is Gibson's boat "Virtue's Reward" headed remembered by all, as the epitome of a Fine toward the Golden Gate Bridge. Aboard Gentleman, I will miss you my dear friend! were Wil's family and fellow TIYC members. A word for us that remain: You must hold TIYC's Past Commodore, George fast to the people you love by gently letting Knies, officiated the solemn ceremony them go.
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How to Stop Sailboats Capsizing
1 HOUR How to stop sailboats capsizing Materials › Sponge cloth › Toothpick › Cork › 4x Wall pins / Small nails › Tin foil Activity Overview › This activity involves building a sailboat › Create this experiment and see how your sailboat remains upright Activity Plan › Poke a toothpick in the centre of the cork so it sticks upright. This will be your boat’s mast. › Cut a square of your dry waterproof material (sponge cloth) approximately 6 centimeters square. Poke the toothpick through opposite ends to create your sail. › You’ve made a sail boat! Place it in water and blow on it from behind. What happens? Chances are it tipped over! We will need to add something to fix this. › Carefully start adding the nails/pins to the bottom of the cork in a straight line then place your sailboat back in the water. Does your boat move in a straight line? › Your sailboat needs a keel! Connect your nails/pins together with a square piece of tin foil. Tightly wrap the tin foil around the nails/pins to make a fin shape. › Place your boat back in the water and blow on it from behind. Does the keel help it move in a straight line? › Try experimenting with a bigger sail, and altering your keel to compensate for this. Reflective Questions › Why would adding the keel stop the sailboat from capsizing? › Is the direction of the wind important? › Can sailboats move faster than the wind? › What is a rudder used for on a sailboat, and where is it located? How do sailboats move forward? Sailboats are able to move by travelling in the same direction as the wind.
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Inquiry Into the Chicago Yacht Club-Race to Mackinac Capsize and Fatalities
Inquiry into the Chicago Yacht Club-Race to Mackinac Capsize and Fatalities Written by Chuck Hawley, John Rousmaniere, Ralph Naranjo and Sheila McCurdy With Technical Support from Ron Trossbach, Dan Nowlan, and Jim Teeters 10/18/20112/3/2014Independent Review Panel for the 2011 Mackinac Race Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction and Mission, Panel ......................................................................................................3 Summary of the Incident, Chuck Hawley ........................................................................................3 Findings, Chuck Hawley ..................................................................................................................4 Narrative, John Rousmaniere ...........................................................................................................8 Organization .......................................................................................................................10 WingNuts and her Crew .....................................................................................................13 Stability ..............................................................................................................................16 Weather ..............................................................................................................................18 Harnesses, Tethers and Jacklines .......................................................................................21 The Storm...........................................................................................................................21
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Chapter 5 Marine Accident and Incident Investigations
Chapter 5 Marine accident and incident investigations Chapter 5 Marine accident and incident investigations 1 Marine accidents and incidents to be investigated <Marine accidents to be investigated> ◎Paragraph 5, Article 2 of the Act for Establishment of the Japan Transport Safety Board (Definition of marine accident) The term "Marine Accident" as used in this Act shall mean as follows: 1 Damage to a ship or facilities other than a ship related to the operations of a ship. 2 Death or injury of the people concerned with the construction, equipment or operation of a ship. <Marine incidents to be investigated> ◎Item 2, paragraph 6, Article 2 of the Act for Establishment of the Japan Transport Safety Board (Definition of marine incident) A situation, prescribed by Ordinance of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, where deemed to bear a risk of Marine Accident occurring. ◎Article 3 of Ordinance for Enforcement of the Act for Establishment of the Japan Transport Safety Board (A situation, prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, stipulated in item 2, paragraph 6, Article 2 of the Act for Establishment of the Japan Transport Safety Board) 1 The situation wherein a ship became a loss of control due to any of the following reasons: (a) navigational equipment failure; (b) listing of a ship; or (c) short of fuel or fresh water required for engine operation. 2 The situation where a ship grounded without any damage to the hull; and 3 In addition to what is provided for in the preceding two items, the situation where safety or navigation of a ship was obstructed.
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